Academic literature on the topic 'Casual structures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Casual structures"
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Cote, Amanda C. "Casual Resistance: A Longitudinal Case Study of Video Gaming’s Gendered Construction and Related Audience Perceptions." Journal of Communication 70, no. 6 (August 4, 2020): 819–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa028.
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Abstract Many media are associated with masculinity or femininity and male or female audiences, which links them to broader power structures around gender. Media scholars thus must understand how gendered constructions develop and change, and what they mean for audiences. This article addresses these questions through longitudinal, in-depth interviews with female video gamers (2012–2018), conducted as the rise of casual video games potentially started redefining gaming’s historical masculinization. The analysis shows that participants have negotiated relationships with casualness. While many celebrate casual games’ potential for welcoming new audiences, others resist casual’s influence to safeguard their self-identification as gamers. These results highlight how a medium’s gendered construction may not be salient to consumers, who carefully navigate divides between their own and industrially designed identities, but can simultaneously reaffirm existing power structures. Further, how participants’ views change over time emphasizes communication’s ongoing need for longitudinal audience studies that address questions of media, identity, and inclusion.
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Wienöbst, Marcel, and Maciej Liskiewicz. "Recovering Causal Structures from Low-Order Conditional Independencies." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 06 (April 3, 2020): 10302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i06.6593.
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One of the common obstacles for learning causal models from data is that high-order conditional independence (CI) relationships between random variables are difficult to estimate. Since CI tests with conditioning sets of low order can be performed accurately even for a small number of observations, a reasonable approach to determine casual structures is to base merely on the low-order CIs. Recent research has confirmed that, e.g. in the case of sparse true causal models, structures learned even from zero- and first-order conditional independencies yield good approximations of the models. However, a challenging task here is to provide methods that faithfully explain a given set of low-order CIs. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which, for a given set of conditional independencies of order less or equal to k, where k is a small fixed number, computes a faithful graphical representation of the given set. Our results complete and generalize the previous work on learning from pairwise marginal independencies. Moreover, they enable to improve upon the 0-1 graph model which, e.g. is heavily used in the estimation of genome networks.
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Tamrazyan, Ashot, and Ekaterina Filimonova. "Searching Method of Optimization of Bending Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Simultaneous Assessment of Criterion Function and the Boundary Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.404.
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Problems of optimal design of reinforced concrete structures are characterized by existence of nonlinear objective function and a set of local extrema. For the solution of similar tasks for their optimization its offered to use an algorithm based on the method of casual search. A prerequisite for this is the requirement for simultaneous consideration of changes in the objective function and the boundary conditions in the motion search for the optimum. This procedure provides a guaranteed search of optimal parameters plate.
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Bergström, Marie. "Casual dating online. Sexual norms and practices on French heterosexual dating sites." Journal of Family Research 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-198.
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Although Internet-mediated casual encounters between gay men have become an established object of study in social science, research on heterosexual online dating is largely focused on the search for romantic long-term relationships. This article presents an investigation of the new “sexual territory” that appears with heterosexual dating sites. Based primarily on qualitative fieldwork, this study first reveals the normative framework that structures the field of French dating platforms, and secondly shows how meeting online comes with a new dating scenario that tends to facilitate the engagement in short-term sexual relationships.
Zusammenfassung
Während über das Internet vermittelte gelegentliche Treffen zwischen homosexuellen Männern bereits ein etablierter Forschungsgegenstand in den Sozialwissenschaften sind, ist die Forschung zu heterosexuellem Online-Dating größtenteils auf die Suche nach romantischen Langzeitbeziehungen fokussiert. Der vorliegende Artikel will damit beginnen, diese Forschungslücke zu füllen, indem er den möglichen neuen sexuellen Bereich untersucht, der durch heterosexuelle Online-Dating-Plattformen entsteht. Diese Studie basiert hauptsächlich auf qualitativen Feldstudien und zeigt den normativen Rahmen auf, der das Feld der französischen Dating-Seiten strukturiert. Außerdem zeigt die Untersuchung, wie das Kennenlernen im Internet ein neues Dating-Szenario mit sich bringt, das dazu tendiert, die Aufnahme sexueller Kurzzeitbeziehungen zu vereinfachen.
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Lee, Choong. "An Exploratory Examination of Casual Models for Telecommunication Technologies, Organizational Structural Attributes and Organizational Performance in the U.S. Manufacturing Sector." Journal of International Business and Economy 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2004): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2004.1.6.
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In the past decade there have been significant improvements in Telecommunications Technologies (TT). These have had a profound effect on contemporary organizational structures. In attempting to understand this, a few theoretical works have offered a contingent explanation. To extend these research efforts with empirical evidence, our study tested two alternative models to explain the relationship between TT, organization structure, and the organization’s financial performance. Two models tested different scenarios based upon whether structural change leads to more TT use (the organizational imperative view) or vice versa (the technological imperative view. TT penetration, organizational structure (centralization, formalization, complexity, and integration) and organizational performance were examined using a survey of manufacturing organizations. The results of causal modeling show that the relationship between TT and organizational structure is better explained by the technology imperative, which TT leads to change in organizational structure: the more decentralized, more complex and more integrated organizational structures are the consequence of the higher penetration of TT. None of the models supports the notion that improved financial performance is a direct consequence of the link between TT and alternative organization structures. Although recent literature suggest that TT flattens corporate hierarchy, simplifies business structure and processes, and minimizes the use of conventional integrated mechanism, this study found that greater penetration of TT creates a need for more coordination and allows more complex and larger organization structures to evolve.
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Janickas, Antanas. "EVALUATION OF DEFECTS IN BUILDINGS/PASTATŲ DEFEKTINGUMO VERTINIMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 4, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1998.10531374.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of non-defective work of residential buildings, their structures and engineering systems. The concepts of the failure and limit state are defined. The causes and influences upon the failure are determined. Possible classification of damages is presented. The author defines that failure is a casual occurrence taking place in the material of the structure the points out that there are object and indirect indications of failure. The author explains that damages of structures are the result of gradual accumulation of defects under certain loading and factors due to poor quality of production, improper maintenance and design mistakes. The analytical investigations show a close interdependence of damages and expenses for removing them and the influence on the dynamics of redistribution of damages in the period of maintenance. The expressions are suggested for evaluating the possibilities of wear and failure increase. The author motivates the necessity of gathering data pertaining to the failure of buildings, structures and engineering system buildings. The forecast of non-defective work is impossible without the above-mentioned data.
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Könecke, Thomas, and Grzegorz Kwiatkowski. "Why do People Attend Sport Events at Mature Tourist Destinations? An Analysis of Visitors’ Motivation to Attend the Windsurf World Cup on Sylt." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2016-0013.
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Abstract Introduction. Sport events have become a popular tool for the marketing of tourist destinations. In this regard, it has to be kept in mind that the effects events can generate for destinations largely depend on the motivation of the attendees. Building on this insight, the aim of this paper is to compare the motivational structures of two types of visitors (primary purpose event visitors and casual visitors) to the German island of Sylt during a Windsurf World Cup. This event-destination combination was chosen because it represents the tendency for popular tourist resorts to use small-scale sport events in their marketing efforts. Material and methods. The research was conducted using an a priori segmentation of event attendees as casual visitors and primary purpose event visitors that is based on a well-established theoretical background. Results. The results revealed that both visitor groups were mainly motivated by cheering for the surfers and indulging in vicarious achievement. Furthermore, both showed some interest in learning more about the destination. Interestingly, many other motives that had been identified in (sport) tourism research did not seem to be very relevant for the respondents. Conclusion. Event marketers should heavily emphasise the opportunity to watch and closely relate to the surfers. Thus, including internationally popular athletes - if they are also popular in Germany - as well as local heroes in the event seems to be reasonable.
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Tran, Du Thanh. "Teaching assimilations to improve listening skills for Vietnamese students." Vietnam Journal of Education 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52296/vje.2020.85.
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Few would deny that at the very first stage of learning, language learners have to spend most of their time on practising listening skills in communication inside and outside class. They have to listen to others speaking, listen to themselves while talking and even implicitly while reading and writing. Listening is an important way of acquiring the language as well as picking up the structures and vocabulary. With a careful observation of the current situation of Vietnamese learners’ listening competencies and a thorough review of reference materials in English language teaching and learning, it is hoped that the study will help heighten students’ awareness of the problematic sounds that they encounter when listening to colloquial, casual and connected speech.
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Valdés Miyares, J. Rubén. "Scottish Transnational Discourse of the Great War: A Genealogy of Eric Bogle’s “And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda” and Hugh MacDiarmid’s “At the Cenotaph”." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 19, no. 5 (December 29, 2018): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708618819640.
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A comparison of a 1971 popular song, Eric Bogle’s “And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda” with a 1935 poem, Hugh MacDiarmid’s “At the Cenotaph,” enables this article to produce a transnational, trans-genre and trans-historical discourse analysis of memories of the Great War of 1914-1918. While an ethonosymbolic approach allows for the discovery of resemblances and continuities, Nietzschean genealogy criticizes such monumental, associative views of the past and focuses instead on the casual connections between disperse moments in time. Critical discourse analysis, in turn, offers a possible synthesis by distinguishing historical narrative structures, cultural practices (the Anzac parades and cenotaphs to honor the heroic dead), and textual events, in this case the satirical representation of the Great War in later song and poetry.
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Lo, Chi-Hung. "Application of Refined Kano’s Model to Shoe Production and Consumer Satisfaction Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052484.
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Many industries are labor-intensive and energy- and resource-consuming. A sustainable development plan is necessary for the industries as industrial structures have been changing recently. Taiwan’s shoe industry also has experienced such changes and requires a sustainable product development plan for continuous development. Therefore, this study aims to propose a new method by introducing a model of sustainable product development to facilitate the sustainable development of the industry. By taking air-cushioned casual shoe production as an example, this study suggested the refined Kano quality model for exploring the product attributes that improved the customers’ satisfaction. The refined Kano model that was established with interviews and questionnaire surveys was effective to define the product attributes that contributed to satisfying the customers and understanding their perception of product attributes. In the air-cushioned casual shoe production, the model found function, design, innovation, marketing, and service to be important for manufacturers to develop products with limited. It also suggested the priority be put on the attributes of high value-added quality, key quality, and potential quality. The model helped manufacturers decide which product attributes they need to invest in and develop. The relation of product attributes and consumer satisfaction for a sustainable product development model was also found by using the refined Kano model. The result of this study is expected to apply to various industries for establishing an appropriate sustainable product development model.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Casual structures"
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Liang, Yiheng. "Computational Methods for Discovering and Analyzing Causal Relationships in Health Data." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804966/.
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Publicly available datasets in health science are often large and observational, in contrast to experimental datasets where a small number of data are collected in controlled experiments. Variables' causal relationships in the observational dataset are yet to be determined. However, there is a significant interest in health science to discover and analyze causal relationships from health data since identified causal relationships will greatly facilitate medical professionals to prevent diseases or to mitigate the negative effects of the disease. Recent advances in Computer Science, particularly in Bayesian networks, has initiated a renewed interest for causality research. Causal relationships can be possibly discovered through learning the network structures from data. However, the number of candidate graphs grows in a more than exponential rate with the increase of variables. Exact learning for obtaining the optimal structure is thus computationally infeasible in practice. As a result, heuristic approaches are imperative to alleviate the difficulty of computations. This research provides effective and efficient learning tools for local causal discoveries and novel methods of learning causal structures with a combination of background knowledge. Specifically in the direction of constraint based structural learning, polynomial-time algorithms for constructing causal structures are designed with first-order conditional independence. Algorithms of efficiently discovering non-causal factors are developed and proved. In addition, when the background knowledge is partially known, methods of graph decomposition are provided so as to reduce the number of conditioned variables. Experiments on both synthetic data and real epidemiological data indicate the provided methods are applicable to large-scale datasets and scalable for causal analysis in health data. Followed by the research methods and experiments, this dissertation gives thoughtful discussions on the reliability of causal discoveries computational health science research, complexity, and implications in health science research.
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Kim, Joung-Eun. "Strategic Choice and Financial Structure in Casual Themed Restaurants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35526.
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Capital structure is one of the most frequent topics in the finance literature. This literature has its origins in studies of the manufacturing industry. Much of the results of this work have been applied indiscriminately to other industries without thorough validation. Only limited studies have considered financial structure in hospitality industry.
The service industry is different than manufacturing industry, and even the hospitality industry is not homogeneous. The restaurant industry and lodging industry are quite different from each other. Of interest to this present study is to seek to understand how the patterns of capital structure are shaped within the context of the multi-unit casual themed restaurant industry.
Restaurant industry is well known for a high bankruptcy rate. Many multi-unit restaurants exist in the casual themed restaurants strategic group in the Unites States, and many small independent restaurants are also present. The firmâ s strategic choice and its relationship with financial structure became a topic for my research.
Publicly traded casual themed restaurants have been selected in this study. Hypothetically a common capital structure exists among firms within this strategic group. In this study, an investigation can consider the relationship among financial ratios as well as the uniqueness of the financial structure of the casual themed restaurants.Master of Science
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Burns, P. "The use of Temporal Information in Childrens Casual Structure Learning." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527665.
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White, Chelsi Jean. "The Burden of Antibiotic Resistance: Casual Social and Structural Factors." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244845.
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Antibiotic resistance has become a global burden, affecting both highly developed and less developed countries. Resistance results in increased morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five. The principles of resistance are understood biologically but the social and structural factors that perpetuate it are far more complex and integrated on an individual, household and community level. The solution to combat resistance thus must be more than the continuous development and production of new antibiotics, which is quickly transitioning from a solution to a causal factor, and instead target behaviors and systems that promote resistance. This thesis investigates the causal social and structural factors of antibiotic resistance in the Andean Region of South America; geographically diverse though with limited research conducted on remote and rural communities. The main factors discussed within pertain to those that if enhanced or corrected, would begin to decrease the probability or minimize the spread of antibiotic resistance including sanitation and agricultural practice, strong community leadership in education, and improved communication and modes of surveillance.
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Schierenbeck, Frances. "Caspar Woods Schoolhouse historic structures report." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014842.
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The purpose of the Historic Structures Report on the Caspar Woods one-room schoolhouse is to document the structure and provide information for its preservation and restoration. Built in 1915 by the Caspar Lumber Company, it is an excellent example of a one-room schoolhouse. Constructed during a period of reform in the education movement the Caspar Woods schoolhouse exemplifies the movements ideal of a standardized school building. This schoolhouse also has a unique feature of having been built on a support structure of skids and beams. This allowed i t to be moved i n three sections to different logging camps.The Historic Structure report looks at the history of this one-room schoolhouse, the Caspar Lumber Company and local factors that influenced the building if this school. The report also documents the existing condition of the building and provides suggestions for its preservation and restoration.Department of Architecture
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Cassel, Robert Douglas. "Design, fabrication, and testing of the van der Pauw piezoresistive structure for pressure sensing." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/cassel/CasselR0508.pdf.
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The project characterizes a piezoresistive sensor under variations of both size and orientation with respect to the silicon crystal lattice for its application to MEMS pressure sensing. The sensor to be studied is a four-terminal piezoresistive sensor commonly referred to as a van der Pauw (VDP) structure. The VDP sensor is used primarily in sheet resistance measurements, but has also been determined to be useful in determining the stress components at a point on (100) and (111) silicon wafer surfaces. In a previous study, our team has determined the relation between the biaxial stress state at a point and the piezoresistive response of the VDP by combining the VDP resistance equations with the equations governing silicon piezoresistivity. It was found that the theoretical sensitivity of the VDP sensor is over three times higher than the conventional filament type resistor. With MEMS devices being used in applications which continually necessitate smaller size, understanding the effect of size on VDP performance is important. In order to test the validity of the theoretical calculations which were done by our group, appropriate devices were manufactured on a (100) silicon test wafer. The wafer was designed to have numerous pressure sensitive diaphragms which can reliably sustain a pressure difference of approximately 50kPa. Each diaphragm was doped with a VDP or other sensor designed to test the sensitivity of the VDP vs. a certain parameter. These parameters include size, misalignment, and diaphragm position, in addition to the comparison of sensitivity to conventional sensor types. A test strip was also included in the design in order to determine an empirical relationship between stress and resistance. In testing the VDP devices for comparison with conventional sensor types, it was found that the VDP devices had a linear response as expected, were the most sensitive, and provided a number of additional advantages. Specifically, the VDP device allows for significant miniaturization, because its resistance value is independent of size, and the measurement technique is independent of line resistance. The simple geometry of the VDP also simplifies fabrication.
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Graf, Nicolas. "The Moderating Role of the Industry Structure on the Causal Relationships between Remote Risks, Task Risks, and Industry Performance: Empirical Study of the U.S. Casual Theme Restaurant Industry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30149.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the concepts of remote and task risks in relation to the structure of the casual theme restaurant industry, and to examine the performance consequences of their relationships. This study proposed a framework of analysis that will enable industry participants to develop an improved understanding of the relationships among environmental risk drivers, and of the influence of their strategic decisions on the environment-performance connection.
Specifically, it was proposed that task risk factors could be identified, and that they would mediate the influence that some identifiable remote risk factors would have on the performance of the industry. It was also expected that this mediated relationship would be moderated by the influence of the structure of industry.
The primary unit of analysis was at the industry sector level as the performance construct was operationalized using a portfolio of 24 casual theme restaurant firms. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the remote and task risk factors. The analysis suggested that three remote factors and three task factors represent the two environmental constructs: â Interest ratesâ , â Expectationsâ and â Exchange ratesâ for the remote environment, and â Input quantitiesâ , â Input restaurantâ and â Input pricesâ for the task environment.
A number of time-series regression analyses were subsequently conducted for the 1993-2006 period to investigate the various proposed relationships. The results indicated that a number of significant direct effects of the remote and task risk factors on the cash flow returns on invested capital of the industry portfolio existed. Also, a significant mediated relationship was found: the â Input pricesâ mediated the influence of the â Expectationsâ on changes in the cash flow returns on invested capital. However, and despite numerous significant direct effects between the industry structure variables and the performance variables, no moderation could be established.
The present study paved the way for future research on the relationships between the remote and task environment and the performance of firms. In particular, further research should be conducted that delves into the role of the cyclical nature of environmental risk factors. Besides, additional investigations of the influence of the structure of the industry should be conducted by attempting to compare more contrasted states of the industry.Ph. D.
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Sabino, Éder Murilo Parizzoto 1989. "Geração de estruturas em cascas de formas livres e analíticas de plantas poligonais regulares." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258665.
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Orientador: Isaias VizottoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Esse trabalho foi inspirado principalmente em obras projetadas por Heinz Isler e Félix Candela, e apresenta uma contribuição ao pré-processamento e geração computacional de cascas otimizadas de formas livres e cascas de formas analíticas. São abordados dois modelos de concepção de estruturas para cobertura: as cascas de formas livres, geradas a partir da simulação computacional de modelos físicos experimentais em que as superfícies médias não podem ser descritas por meio de funções matemáticas; e as definidas por formas analíticas ou geométricas, em que as superfícies médias podem ser determinadas por funções analíticas através de modelos de geração por processos de translação ou revolução. O objetivo principal é a concepção de estruturas em cascas em concreto por meio de modelo computacional de geração otimizada de formas com a aplicação do Método dos Elementos Finitos e técnicas de programação matemática, com a proposição de metodologias computacionais de pré-processamento para geração da malha inicial de elementos finitos e a posterior obtenção de estruturas em cascas de formas livres e analíticas. São propostos modelos para geração de malhas de estruturas em cascas de formas livres com projeções poligonais regulares e quadriláteras com arestas retas e/ou parabólicas. As malhas planas que constituem membranas finas e flexíveis, através da ação do peso próprio da membrana ou da aplicação de pressão sobre as superfícies com quaisquer configurações de apoios, são utilizadas para geração de cascas de formas livres por meio de um programa computacional desenvolvido por Vizotto (1993), e que também podem ser geradas por meio do software ANSYS. A geração das formas analíticas tridimensionais das estruturas em cascas é realizada através de curvas diretrizes e geratrizes a partir das malhas planas. Variando-se alguns parâmetros obtêm-se composições de paraboloides hiperbólicos, paraboloides elípticos, cilindros parabólicos, etc. Após a geração das formas tridimensionais, são realizadas análises estruturais de algumas estruturas em cascas de concreto armado observando os estados de tensão das estruturas. Diversas estruturas são geradas e os resultados obtidos apresentados
Abstract: This work was mainly inspired in structures designed by Heinz Isler and Félix Candela, and it presents a contribution to preprocessing and computational generation of optimized free-form shells and the analytical shells. Two models of conceptions of roofs structures are discussed: the free-form shells, generated by computational simulation of the experimental physical models, and the structures defined by analytical functions. The middle surfaces of the first model cannot be determined by analytical equations. On the second model, however, they can be generated by translational and revolution processes. The main objective is the conception of concrete shell structures using a computational model to generate optimized shapes with the application of the Finite Element Method and mathematical programming techniques. Computational methodologies for the generation of the finite elements initial mesh and the obtention of the freeform shells and analytical shells structures are proposed. Models are proposed for the meshing of the free-form shells structures with either regular polygonal projections or quadrilateral with straight and / or parabolic edges. Properties of thin and flexible membranes are attributed to the planar meshes with any support configuration. Free form shells are generated using a software developed by Vizotto (1993) which is able to generate free-form shells by applying pressure on the surfaces or by the action of the membrane's own weight. Free form shells can also be generated using the software ANSYS. As a result, the three-dimensional shapes of the shells are obtained. From the plane meshes obtained the three-dimensional shapes of the analytical form shells are determined through guidelines and generatrices curves. By varying some parameters compositions of hyperbolic paraboloids, elliptic paraboloids, cylinders parabolic, etc, are obtained. After the generation of three-dimensional shapes, structural analyses of some reinforced concrete shell structures are performed and the tension states of the structures are observed. Several structures are generated and the results obtained are presented
Mestrado
Estruturas e Geotécnica
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Paccola, Rodrigo Ribeiro. "Análise não linear física de placas e cascas anisotrópicas laminadas acopladas ou não com meio contínuo tridimensional viscoelástico através da combinação entre o MEC e o MEF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-28092006-103448/.
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Apresenta-se neste trabalho, uma formulação de cascas laminadas anisotrópicas enrijecidas ou não, considerando-se não-linearidade física com lei de fluxo não-associativa e acoplamento com meio contínuo tridimensional viscoelástico. Para tanto, são desenvolvidos elementos finitos triangulares planos com aproximação cúbica de variáveis para modelagem das cascas e elementos de barra de mesma aproximação para os elementos de barra geral (enrijecedores). A cinemática de laminados, ou Reissner geral, é utilizada para ambos possibilitando a representação de estruturas enrijecidas excentricamente e consideração de elementos compostos de camadas com diferentes propriedades físicas e espessuras, tornando-se assim a formulação aplicável a um grande número de problemas. Com relação à plasticidade na casca, adota-se o critério de Tsai-Wu para materiais anisotrópicos gerais, obtendo-se expressões fechadas para o multiplicador plástico com fluxo não-associativo. Nas barras, critérios uniaxiais são considerados, desprezando-se a contribuição do cisalhamento na plastificação. Para estes elementos, permite-se a utilização de diagrama multilinear para a relação tensão x deformação. A modelagem do meio contínuo viscoelástico é realizada utilizando-se elementos de contorno triangulares com aproximação linear de variáveis. As soluções fundamentais de Kelvin e de Mindlin são apresentadas e implementadas. O acoplamento foi realizado utilizando-se técnica de matriz de rigidez equivalente, proporcionando uma contribuição direta das matrizes do MEC na matriz de rigidez do MEF. Exemplos gerais são resolvidos para a verificação e validação da formulação proposta e implementadaThis work presents an anisotropic laminated stiffened shell formulation, considering physical non-linearity with non-associative law, coupled to viscoelastic three-dimensional continuum medium. Plane triangular finite elements with cubic approximation for nodal variables are developed to model the shell. Bar elements with the same approximation are derived for the general bar element. Laminated kinematics is used for both elements, making possible the representation of eccentrically stiffened structures and the consideration of composed elements with different properties and thickness for each layer. Therefore, the formulation is applicable for a large number of problems. In order to model plasticity in shell, the Tsai-Wu criterion for general anisotropic materials is adopted. Closed expression for the plastic multiplier using non-associative law is founded. For bars, uniaxial criterion is considered, and shear contribution for plasticity is neglected. For these elements, the use of multilinear stress x strain relation is developed. The viscoelastic continuum is modeled by triangular boundary elements with linear approximation of variables. The fundamental solutions of Kelvin and Mindlin are presented and implemented. The coupling is made by the equivalent stiffness matrix method, making possible a direct contribution of the BEM matrix on the FEM stiffness matrix. General examples are presented to verify and validate the proposed formulation
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Martins, Vitor Escher. "Instabilidade dinâmica de cascas cilíndricas laminadas submetidas a fluido e temperatura." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4373.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Over the years, fiber-reinforced composite laminated shells have been widely used as structural components in several engineering areas and industrial applications. These structures can been subjected to extreme working conditions, either by a fluid structure interaction or even by both dynamic external load and thermal load that provides additional compressive stresses acting along the shell. In the present work, the nonlinear dynamic behavior and stability of fluid-filled laminated cylindrical shells under both thermal and lateral loads is investigated. To model the shell the nonlinear Amabili-Reddy Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory is applied, the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid is model by the potential flow theory and a linear temperature distribution is proposed along the thickness of the shells. Classical shells theories, which neglect shear deformation and rotary inertia, give inaccurate analysis results for moderately thick laminated shells. Due to this limitation, higher-order shear deformation theories can represent better the kinematics behavior and can yield more accurate interlaminar stress.To discretize the shell a 23 d.o.f. displacement field is used containing the axial, circumferential, lateral displacements, rotations as well as the coefficients to consider the shear effect. The Ritz method is applied in order to obtain a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of motions, which are in turn solved by the Runge-Kutta method. The obtained resonance curves and bifurcation diagrams show the great influence of both laminated material and the temperature on the nonlinear behavior of the shells.
Ao longo dos anos cascas cilíndricas laminadas reforçadas com fibras têm sido amplamente utilizadas como componentes estruturais em diversas áreas da engenharia e aplicações industriais. Durante sua vida operacional, essas estruturas são constantemente submetidas às extremas condições de trabalho, seja em função da interação fluido- estrutura, cargas externas dinâmicas ou mesmo por cargas térmicas que produzem tensões adicionais de compressão sobre a superfície da casca. Neste trabalho será investigado o comportamento dinâmico não linear de cascas cilíndricas laminadas com a presença de um meio fluido em repouso no interior da casca, além de se estudar a influência de esforços laterais dinâmicos solicitantes, juntamente com a variações de temperatura. A teoria de Amabili-Reddy de deformação por cisalhamento de ordem superior é utilizada para modelar o comportamento mecânico dos esforços e deformações da casca, garantindo assim, uma melhor distribuição das tensões interlaminares, ou seja, ao longo de sua direção radial. A análise é realizada para cascas simplesmente apoiadas, em que são consideradas três expansões de deslocamento, respectivamente nas direções longitudinal, circunferencial e radial, além de duas expansões para as rotações da linha neutra nos planos xz z, discretizando o problema em 23 graus de liberdade. O método de Ritz é aplicado para a obtenção do sistema de equações de movimento não linear (EDO), além do método de Runge-Kutta de 4º Ordem e o método de Força Bruta que são utilizados para se investigar o comportamento dinâmico das análises em questão.
Books on the topic "Casual structures"
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Ireland. Dúchas, the Heritage Service., ed. Rock of Cashel, Co. Tipperary. [Dublin]: Dúchas, the Heritage Service, 2000.
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Giornata di studi per la Cittadella di Casale Monferrato (1990). Atti della Giornata di studi per la Cittadella di Casale Monferrato. Alessandria [Italy]: Edizioni dell'orso, 1992.
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Josep Maria Mas i Solench. El Casal Sant Jordi: Seu del Departament de Justícia. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Justícia, 1992.
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Liuzzi, Maria. Il casale diventa città: La costruzione di Fasano tra X e XIX secolo. Fasano (BR) [i.e. Brindisi]: Schena, 2008.
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Mauro, Scionti, ed. Il casale diventa città: La costruzione di Fasano tra X e XIX secolo. Fasano (BR) [i.e. Brindisi]: Schena, 2008.
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Fondazione Cassa di risparmio di Alessandria and Cassa di risparmio di Alessandria, eds. Il Castello di Casale Monferrato: Dalla storia al progetto di restauro. Alessandria: Cassa di risparmio di Alessandria, 2003.
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Graus, Ramon. La seu de la Diputació de Barcelona a la Casa Serra: Història, ciutat i arquitectura. [Barcelona, Spain]: Diputació Barcelona, 2012.
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Lahuerta, Juan José. Casa Batlló, Barcelona: Gaudí. [Sant Lluis, Baleares]: Triangle Postals, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Casual structures"
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Green, David R. "Street Trading in London: A Case Study of Casual Labour 1830-60." In The Structure of Nineteenth Century Cities, 129–52. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170266-5.
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Mayers, David, and Clifford W. Smith. "Ownership Structure Across Lines of Property-Casualty Insurance." In Foundations of Insurance Economics, 532–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7957-5_26.
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Schütze, Konstanze. "Bodies of Images: Art Education After the Internet." In Post-Digital, Post-Internet Art and Education, 81–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73770-2_5.
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AbstractThis chapter explores a series of thought experiments for an investigation of what one casually calls the image. In this endeavor, images will be rendered as bodies compiled from versions of themselves (bodies of images), explored embedded in dissemination processes (memeplexes), and hence contoured as highly effective structures with sophisticated potential for transformation (image objects). Basing on three major theoretical concepts (meme theory, object-oriented ontology, and network effects), this re-interrogation of the image is the suggestion of a reading of images as entities that actively, or inactively, form structural assemblages and maintain energetic human and non-human constellations which shape the present. At the close of the exploration, a professional habitus is sketched in which art educators are experts for image relations.
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Goncharov, S., and N. Frolova. "Casualty Estimation due to Earthquakes: Injury Structure and Dynamics." In Human Casualties in Earthquakes, 141–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9455-1_10.
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Povstyanoy, Oleksandr, Oleg Zabolotnyi, Roman Polinkevich, Dmytro Somov, and Olha Redko. "Modeling the Structural Characteristics of Porous Powder Materials with Application Models of Casual Two-Dimensional Packaging." In World Congress on Engineering and Technology; Innovation and its Sustainability 2018, 15–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20904-9_2.
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Cote, Amanda C. "Core and the Video Game Industry." In Gaming Sexism, 23–55. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479838523.003.0002.
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This chapter elaborates on the theoretical framework that serves as a through line for the book in its entirety. Specifically, it draws on discourses about “core” and “casual” games to show how “core” describes a hegemonic set of ideologies that work to frame games in specific, masculinized ways. The chapter also argues, however, that recent industrial changes, from the rise of casual games to the diversification of funding and distribution platforms, serve as counterhegemonic forces, challenging many “core” assumptions about games and audiences. Using a critical analysis of gaming news, the chapter lays out these changes and addresses both their real impact on the games industry and their felt impact on audiences and power structures. Through this, it shows that gaming is in the midst of a crisis of authority, where previously powerful members of the community fear losing control of it. As a result, they are exerting extra force to maintain their privileged position, accounting for the divergent narratives about games that dominate the casualized era.
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"Mentoring, Networks, and Leadership." In Asian Women in Corporate America, 69–96. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4384-9.ch004.
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Relationships of many kinds exist within organizations. They can be related to reporting structures, such as those with supervisors and direct reports, or they can result from work overlaps, such as relationships with co-workers in the department or colleagues on committees. Mentorship is a special kind of work relationship that is often tied to professional outcomes. Workplace friendships, both deep and casual, that cut across structural boundaries are not uncommon. These workplace relationships vary widely in terms of the benefits that accrue from them as well as the effort required in maintaining them. At the same time, managing work relationships has a critical impact on career experiences and career progress. In this chapter, the authors discuss research on various types of organizational relationships and their implications for Asian women.
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Sousa, Laura, and Teresa Soeiro. "A Necrópole Romana do Eirô, Duas Igrejas (Penafiel): intervenção arqueológica de 2016." In Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos, 1439–55. Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses e CITCEM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa106.
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The (re)excavation, in 2016, by Penafiel’s Municipal Museum, of one of the known parish’s Roman necropolis at Eirô hamlet, was facilitated by the construction of the Duas Igrejas Parish Centre. In 1941, Abílio Miranda published the first news referring the casual finding of archeological burials in a ground between the church and the graveyard. Roman coarse wares and an ornamented ring were found there. These materials entered the Museum unrecorded. In this intervention the remaining grave structures of that occurrence were uncovered. Six more preserved inhumation tombs were partially or fully excavated that contained pottery, hobnails with fabric remains, and coins. It allowed for a new interpretation of the site and these burials datation, attributed to the 4th century A.D.
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Favre, Liliana María. "Mappings of MOF Metamodels and Algebraic Languages." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 78–106. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-649-0.ch006.
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In this chapter we examine the relation between NEREUS and formal specification using CASL (Common Algebraic Specification Language) as a common algebraic language (Bidoit & Mosses, 2004). CASL is an expressive and simple language based on a critical selection of known constructs such as subsorts, partial functions, first-order logic, and structured and architectural specifications. A basic specification declares sorts, subsorts, operations and predicates, and gives axioms and constraints. Specifications are structured by means of specification building operators for renaming, extension and combining. Architectural specifications impose structure on implementations, whereas structured specifications only structure the text of specifications. CASL allows loose, free and generated specifications. The models of a loose specification include all those where the declared functions have the specified properties, without any restrictions on the set of values corresponding to the various sorts. In models of a generated specification, in contrast, it is required that all values can be expressed by terms formed from the specified constructors, i.e. unreachable values are prohibited. In models of free specifications, it is required that values of terms are distinct except when their equality follows from the specified axioms: the possibility of unintended coincidence between their axioms is prohibited.
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Moro, Andrea. "Sentences as Snowflakes." In Impossible Languages. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034890.003.0003.
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The apparent complexity of the syntax of sentences can be decomposed into the interaction of some primitive and simple operations much as the complex design of snowflakes results from conditions on molecular interactions. In fact, the entire language can be regarded as a snowflake in that its structure is not progressively evolved via casual mutation but it is rather the result of general conditions on the primitive elements and the compositional rules. Symmetry and it’s opposite, asymmetry, play a crucial role, in this process.
Conference papers on the topic "Casual structures"
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"Increasing Intrinsic Motivation of Programming Students: Towards Fix and Play Educational Games." In InSITE 2018: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: La Verne California. Informing Science Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3996.
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Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2018 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 15] The objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of educational games on learning computer programming. In particular, we are focusing on examining whether allowing the players to manipulate the underlying code of the educational game will increase the intrinsic motivation of the programming students. Background: Traditionally, learning computer programming is considered challenging. Educational games can be used as a tool to motivate students to learn challenging subjects such as programming. Young students are fond of playing digital games. Moreover, they are also interested in creating game applications. Methodology: We created a prototype for a casual game to teach the fundamentals of conditional structures. Casual games, compared to other genres, are easy to learn and play. A number of errors were intentionally included in the game at different stages. Whenever an error is encountered, students have to stop the game and fix the bug before proceeding. In order to fix a bug, a student should understand the underlying program of the game. In this strategy, we believe that the self-esteem of the students will be built as they fix the bugs. This in turn will intrinsically motivate the students to actively engage in learning while playing. Contribution: Learning first programming language is considered very challenging. This research, investigates a novel approach to teach programming using educational games. Findings: A pilot study was conducted using the prototype to evaluate our claim. The outcome of the evaluation is encouraging. Allowing the gamers, who use educational games for learning programming, to manipulate the underlying code of the educational game will increase the intrinsic motivation of the programming students. This paper will describe the problem statement, research methodologies, preliminary results, and future directions of the research. Recommendations for Practitioners: Creating industry level educational games to teach programming will be beneficial to the society. Recommendation for Researchers: Learning first computer programming language is considered challenging. This research investigates a novel approach to teach programming. we focused on examining whether allowing the players to manipulate the underlying code of the educational game will increase the intrinsic motivation of the programming students. We used casual games for investigation. This research may be extended for other genres. Comparing this approach with other approaches such as Algorithm Animation techniques will be another potential research topic. Impact on Society: Today, digital technology plays a key role in our daily lives. Even the kids’ toys are becoming more and more digital and some of which are programmable. The future generations of students should be able to use digital technologies proficiently. In addition, they should also be able to understand and modify the underlying computer programs. Nevertheless, learning computer programming is considered challenging, and beginning students are easily frustrated and become bored. This research investigate a novel approach to alleviate this disenchantment. Future Research: In future, different types of casual games will be developed to learn different topics in computer programming, and a full scale evaluation (including objective evaluation using game scores) will be conducted. This research will follow the principles outlined in the US Department of Education’s Common Guidelines for Education and Research The reliability of the questionnaire will be measured using Cronbach’s alpha. One-way MANOVA will analyze the efficacy of the proposed intervention on the students’ performance, and their intrinsic motivation and flow experience. The sample sizes may be different. A priori analysis will be conducted to verify existence of multivariate outliers, normality condition, and homogeneity of covariance. Power and Effect size analysis will be reported
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Baker, Lewis, Stefanie Zollmann, and Jonathan Ventura. "Spherical Structure-from-Motion for Casual Capture of Stereo Panoramas." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8797794.
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Malavisi, M., G. P. Cimellaro, V. Terzic, and S. Mahin. "Hospital Emergency Response Network for Mass Casualty Incidents." In Structures Congress 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479117.135.
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Biskner, Adam, Gregory Sanford, Joseph Maly, and Brandon Arritt. "CASPAR Payload Adapter Structural Failure Test Correlation to Flight Environment." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-2933.
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Baker, Lewis, Steven Mills, Stefanie Zollmann, and Jonathan Ventura. "CasualStereo: Casual Capture of Stereo Panoramas with Spherical Structure-from-Motion." In 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr46266.2020.00102.
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Baker, Lewis, Steven Mills, Stefanie Zollmann, and Jonathan Ventura. "CasualStereo: Casual Capture of Stereo Panoramas with Spherical Structure-from-Motion." In 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr46266.2020.1581313146787.
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Biskner, Adam, Gregory Mehle, and Joseph Maly. "Design, Analysis, and Testing of the CASPAR Multi-Payload Adapter Bonded Composite Joint." In 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2191.
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Calisi, Daniele, Maria Grazia Cianci, and Matteo Molinari. "Il sistema dei Casali Fortezza. Il caso studio di Castellaccio di Monteroni." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11395.
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The Casali Fortezza system. The case study of Castellaccio di MonteroniThe landscape of Lazio’s Tyrrhenian coasts is strongly characterized by the presence of fortifications. Parallel to them, in the interland, the baronial expansion, between the tenth and eleventh centuries, paved the way to a large-scale fortification of the Roman countryside. Along the main routes were built lookout towers, farmhouses were consolidated with defense mechanism and the first castles were constructed. The research focuses on the study of Castellaccio di Monteroni in Ladispoli, built in the fifteenth century on Roman structures and on previous constructions dating back to the period of the Baronial expansion. The Castellaccio di Monteroni is one of the few remaining examples of Casale Fortificato (Fortified Manor). It is placed on the 35th kilometer of the Via Aurelia and takes its name Castellaccio from the abandonment over the centuries and Monteroni due to the heaps of the nearby Etruscan necropolis. The main function carried out over the centuries was a resting place, a sure point of reference for couriers, travelers and pilgrims traveling along the Via Aurelia. When in the nineteenth the route of the Via Aurelia was moved to the present one the fortification fell into abandonment. The analysis of this architecture is of great interest, not only for the knowledge of the geometry of the fortifications of the Roman countryside, but also because it is one of the few remaining examples of Casale Fortificato, representing a rare medieval architectural heritage.
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Burnside, Phillip H., and Brandon J. Larson. "Analysis of USS Frank Cable (AS-40) Boiler Casualty." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2009-059.
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The USS Frank Cable (AS-40) was conducting steam testing of boiler safety valves in December 2006. While conducting this test, two generating tubes failed above the water drum causing rapid expansion of the boiler water. Subsequently, the boiler casing failure above the economizer resulted in three deaths and two critical injuries. This failure was directly caused by poor fabrication of a reinforcing plate to the corner seam weld of the exhaust stack transition piece above the economizer of No. 1A Boiler. Structural analysis showed that if the boiler had been constructed per design, the loss of boiler water flashing to steam, and subsequent pressure increase in the boiler casing, would have contained the rapidly expanding steam and would not resulted in a failure of the boiler casing. The analysis of the as-built structure was unable to resist the pressure increase from the tube failure.
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Teixeira Caldas, João Pedro. "Oito Casas – Multifamily housing." In 9º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 9. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab9.2020.10659.
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The article presents the project for a multifamily housing - Oito Casas – that presents a concrete bearing structure and also a set of pre-fabricated concrete brise soleil in the upper level of the main facade. The specificity of the project led us first to the modification of the allotment plan. A procedure that was then followed by the development of a spatial configuration allowed by a concrete structure and, finally, the introduction of the exposed concrete in the form of concrete brise soleils that provide a particular and changeable identity to the architectural set throughout the day, in a distinctive game of shadows.
Reports on the topic "Casual structures"
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Taylor, B. S. The Manpower Structure of the Marine Corps Casualty Branch. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada503845.
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Record, Jeffrey. Failed States and Casualty Phobia: Implications for Force Structure and Technology Choices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425499.
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