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Journal articles on the topic 'Casual structures'
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1
Cote, Amanda C. "Casual Resistance: A Longitudinal Case Study of Video Gaming’s Gendered Construction and Related Audience Perceptions." Journal of Communication 70, no. 6 (August 4, 2020): 819–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa028.
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Abstract Many media are associated with masculinity or femininity and male or female audiences, which links them to broader power structures around gender. Media scholars thus must understand how gendered constructions develop and change, and what they mean for audiences. This article addresses these questions through longitudinal, in-depth interviews with female video gamers (2012–2018), conducted as the rise of casual video games potentially started redefining gaming’s historical masculinization. The analysis shows that participants have negotiated relationships with casualness. While many celebrate casual games’ potential for welcoming new audiences, others resist casual’s influence to safeguard their self-identification as gamers. These results highlight how a medium’s gendered construction may not be salient to consumers, who carefully navigate divides between their own and industrially designed identities, but can simultaneously reaffirm existing power structures. Further, how participants’ views change over time emphasizes communication’s ongoing need for longitudinal audience studies that address questions of media, identity, and inclusion.
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Wienöbst, Marcel, and Maciej Liskiewicz. "Recovering Causal Structures from Low-Order Conditional Independencies." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 06 (April 3, 2020): 10302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i06.6593.
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One of the common obstacles for learning causal models from data is that high-order conditional independence (CI) relationships between random variables are difficult to estimate. Since CI tests with conditioning sets of low order can be performed accurately even for a small number of observations, a reasonable approach to determine casual structures is to base merely on the low-order CIs. Recent research has confirmed that, e.g. in the case of sparse true causal models, structures learned even from zero- and first-order conditional independencies yield good approximations of the models. However, a challenging task here is to provide methods that faithfully explain a given set of low-order CIs. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which, for a given set of conditional independencies of order less or equal to k, where k is a small fixed number, computes a faithful graphical representation of the given set. Our results complete and generalize the previous work on learning from pairwise marginal independencies. Moreover, they enable to improve upon the 0-1 graph model which, e.g. is heavily used in the estimation of genome networks.
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Tamrazyan, Ashot, and Ekaterina Filimonova. "Searching Method of Optimization of Bending Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Simultaneous Assessment of Criterion Function and the Boundary Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.404.
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Problems of optimal design of reinforced concrete structures are characterized by existence of nonlinear objective function and a set of local extrema. For the solution of similar tasks for their optimization its offered to use an algorithm based on the method of casual search. A prerequisite for this is the requirement for simultaneous consideration of changes in the objective function and the boundary conditions in the motion search for the optimum. This procedure provides a guaranteed search of optimal parameters plate.
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Bergström, Marie. "Casual dating online. Sexual norms and practices on French heterosexual dating sites." Journal of Family Research 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-198.
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Although Internet-mediated casual encounters between gay men have become an established object of study in social science, research on heterosexual online dating is largely focused on the search for romantic long-term relationships. This article presents an investigation of the new “sexual territory” that appears with heterosexual dating sites. Based primarily on qualitative fieldwork, this study first reveals the normative framework that structures the field of French dating platforms, and secondly shows how meeting online comes with a new dating scenario that tends to facilitate the engagement in short-term sexual relationships.
Zusammenfassung
Während über das Internet vermittelte gelegentliche Treffen zwischen homosexuellen Männern bereits ein etablierter Forschungsgegenstand in den Sozialwissenschaften sind, ist die Forschung zu heterosexuellem Online-Dating größtenteils auf die Suche nach romantischen Langzeitbeziehungen fokussiert. Der vorliegende Artikel will damit beginnen, diese Forschungslücke zu füllen, indem er den möglichen neuen sexuellen Bereich untersucht, der durch heterosexuelle Online-Dating-Plattformen entsteht. Diese Studie basiert hauptsächlich auf qualitativen Feldstudien und zeigt den normativen Rahmen auf, der das Feld der französischen Dating-Seiten strukturiert. Außerdem zeigt die Untersuchung, wie das Kennenlernen im Internet ein neues Dating-Szenario mit sich bringt, das dazu tendiert, die Aufnahme sexueller Kurzzeitbeziehungen zu vereinfachen.
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Lee, Choong. "An Exploratory Examination of Casual Models for Telecommunication Technologies, Organizational Structural Attributes and Organizational Performance in the U.S. Manufacturing Sector." Journal of International Business and Economy 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2004): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2004.1.6.
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In the past decade there have been significant improvements in Telecommunications Technologies (TT). These have had a profound effect on contemporary organizational structures. In attempting to understand this, a few theoretical works have offered a contingent explanation. To extend these research efforts with empirical evidence, our study tested two alternative models to explain the relationship between TT, organization structure, and the organization’s financial performance. Two models tested different scenarios based upon whether structural change leads to more TT use (the organizational imperative view) or vice versa (the technological imperative view. TT penetration, organizational structure (centralization, formalization, complexity, and integration) and organizational performance were examined using a survey of manufacturing organizations. The results of causal modeling show that the relationship between TT and organizational structure is better explained by the technology imperative, which TT leads to change in organizational structure: the more decentralized, more complex and more integrated organizational structures are the consequence of the higher penetration of TT. None of the models supports the notion that improved financial performance is a direct consequence of the link between TT and alternative organization structures. Although recent literature suggest that TT flattens corporate hierarchy, simplifies business structure and processes, and minimizes the use of conventional integrated mechanism, this study found that greater penetration of TT creates a need for more coordination and allows more complex and larger organization structures to evolve.
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Janickas, Antanas. "EVALUATION OF DEFECTS IN BUILDINGS/PASTATŲ DEFEKTINGUMO VERTINIMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 4, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1998.10531374.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of non-defective work of residential buildings, their structures and engineering systems. The concepts of the failure and limit state are defined. The causes and influences upon the failure are determined. Possible classification of damages is presented. The author defines that failure is a casual occurrence taking place in the material of the structure the points out that there are object and indirect indications of failure. The author explains that damages of structures are the result of gradual accumulation of defects under certain loading and factors due to poor quality of production, improper maintenance and design mistakes. The analytical investigations show a close interdependence of damages and expenses for removing them and the influence on the dynamics of redistribution of damages in the period of maintenance. The expressions are suggested for evaluating the possibilities of wear and failure increase. The author motivates the necessity of gathering data pertaining to the failure of buildings, structures and engineering system buildings. The forecast of non-defective work is impossible without the above-mentioned data.
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Könecke, Thomas, and Grzegorz Kwiatkowski. "Why do People Attend Sport Events at Mature Tourist Destinations? An Analysis of Visitors’ Motivation to Attend the Windsurf World Cup on Sylt." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2016-0013.
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Abstract Introduction. Sport events have become a popular tool for the marketing of tourist destinations. In this regard, it has to be kept in mind that the effects events can generate for destinations largely depend on the motivation of the attendees. Building on this insight, the aim of this paper is to compare the motivational structures of two types of visitors (primary purpose event visitors and casual visitors) to the German island of Sylt during a Windsurf World Cup. This event-destination combination was chosen because it represents the tendency for popular tourist resorts to use small-scale sport events in their marketing efforts. Material and methods. The research was conducted using an a priori segmentation of event attendees as casual visitors and primary purpose event visitors that is based on a well-established theoretical background. Results. The results revealed that both visitor groups were mainly motivated by cheering for the surfers and indulging in vicarious achievement. Furthermore, both showed some interest in learning more about the destination. Interestingly, many other motives that had been identified in (sport) tourism research did not seem to be very relevant for the respondents. Conclusion. Event marketers should heavily emphasise the opportunity to watch and closely relate to the surfers. Thus, including internationally popular athletes - if they are also popular in Germany - as well as local heroes in the event seems to be reasonable.
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Tran, Du Thanh. "Teaching assimilations to improve listening skills for Vietnamese students." Vietnam Journal of Education 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52296/vje.2020.85.
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Few would deny that at the very first stage of learning, language learners have to spend most of their time on practising listening skills in communication inside and outside class. They have to listen to others speaking, listen to themselves while talking and even implicitly while reading and writing. Listening is an important way of acquiring the language as well as picking up the structures and vocabulary. With a careful observation of the current situation of Vietnamese learners’ listening competencies and a thorough review of reference materials in English language teaching and learning, it is hoped that the study will help heighten students’ awareness of the problematic sounds that they encounter when listening to colloquial, casual and connected speech.
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Valdés Miyares, J. Rubén. "Scottish Transnational Discourse of the Great War: A Genealogy of Eric Bogle’s “And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda” and Hugh MacDiarmid’s “At the Cenotaph”." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 19, no. 5 (December 29, 2018): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708618819640.
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A comparison of a 1971 popular song, Eric Bogle’s “And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda” with a 1935 poem, Hugh MacDiarmid’s “At the Cenotaph,” enables this article to produce a transnational, trans-genre and trans-historical discourse analysis of memories of the Great War of 1914-1918. While an ethonosymbolic approach allows for the discovery of resemblances and continuities, Nietzschean genealogy criticizes such monumental, associative views of the past and focuses instead on the casual connections between disperse moments in time. Critical discourse analysis, in turn, offers a possible synthesis by distinguishing historical narrative structures, cultural practices (the Anzac parades and cenotaphs to honor the heroic dead), and textual events, in this case the satirical representation of the Great War in later song and poetry.
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Lo, Chi-Hung. "Application of Refined Kano’s Model to Shoe Production and Consumer Satisfaction Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052484.
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Many industries are labor-intensive and energy- and resource-consuming. A sustainable development plan is necessary for the industries as industrial structures have been changing recently. Taiwan’s shoe industry also has experienced such changes and requires a sustainable product development plan for continuous development. Therefore, this study aims to propose a new method by introducing a model of sustainable product development to facilitate the sustainable development of the industry. By taking air-cushioned casual shoe production as an example, this study suggested the refined Kano quality model for exploring the product attributes that improved the customers’ satisfaction. The refined Kano model that was established with interviews and questionnaire surveys was effective to define the product attributes that contributed to satisfying the customers and understanding their perception of product attributes. In the air-cushioned casual shoe production, the model found function, design, innovation, marketing, and service to be important for manufacturers to develop products with limited. It also suggested the priority be put on the attributes of high value-added quality, key quality, and potential quality. The model helped manufacturers decide which product attributes they need to invest in and develop. The relation of product attributes and consumer satisfaction for a sustainable product development model was also found by using the refined Kano model. The result of this study is expected to apply to various industries for establishing an appropriate sustainable product development model.
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Chamberlain, Jon, Benjamin Turpin, Maged Ali, Kakia Chatsiou, and Kirsty O'Callaghan. "Designing for Collective Intelligence and Community Resilience on Social Networks." Human Computation 8, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15346/hc.v8i2.116.
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The popularity and ubiquity of social networks has enabled a new form of decentralised online collaboration: groups of users gathering around a central theme and working together to solve problems, complete tasks and develop social connections. Groups that display such `organic collaboration' have been shown to solve tasks quicker and more accurately than other methods of crowdsourcing. They can also enable community action and resilience in response to different events, from casual requests to emergency response and crisis management. However, engaging such groups through formal agencies risks disconnect and disengagement by destabilising motivational structures. This paper explores case studies of this phenomenon, reviews models of motivation that can help design systems to harness these groups and proposes a framework for lightweight engagement using existing platforms and social networks.
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Khazaei, Mohammad, Khadijeh Raeisi, Pierpaolo Croce, Gabriella Tamburro, Anton Tokariev, Sampsa Vanhatalo, Filippo Zappasodi, and Silvia Comani. "Characterization of the Functional Dynamics in the Neonatal Brain during REM and NREM Sleep States by means of Microstate Analysis." Brain Topography 34, no. 5 (July 13, 2021): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10548-021-00861-1.
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AbstractNeonates spend most of their life sleeping. During sleep, their brain experiences fast changes in its functional organization. Microstate analysis permits to capture the rapid dynamical changes occurring in the functional organization of the brain by representing the changing spatio-temporal features of the electroencephalogram (EEG) as a sequence of short-lasting scalp topographies—the microstates. In this study, we modeled the ongoing neonatal EEG into sequences of a limited number of microstates and investigated whether the extracted microstate features are altered in REM and NREM sleep (usually known as active and quiet sleep states—AS and QS—in the newborn) and depend on the EEG frequency band. 19-channel EEG recordings from 60 full-term healthy infants were analyzed using a modified version of the k-means clustering algorithm. The results show that ~ 70% of the variance in the datasets can be described using 7 dominant microstate templates. The mean duration and mean occurrence of the dominant microstates were significantly different in the two sleep states. Microstate syntax analysis demonstrated that the microstate sequences characterizing AS and QS had specific non-casual structures that differed in the two sleep states. Microstate analysis of the neonatal EEG in specific frequency bands showed a clear dependence of the explained variance on frequency. Overall, our findings demonstrate that (1) the spatio-temporal dynamics of the neonatal EEG can be described by non-casual sequences of a limited number of microstate templates; (2) the brain dynamics described by these microstate templates depends on frequency; (3) the features of the microstate sequences can well differentiate the physiological conditions characterizing AS and QS.
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Barons, Martine Jayne, and Rachel L. Wilkerson. "Proof and Uncertainty in Causal Claims." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 5, no. 2 (June 7, 2018): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v5i2.238.
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Causal questions drive scientific enquiry. From Hume to Granger, and Rubin to Pearl the history of science is full of examples of scientists testing new theories in an effort to uncover causal mechanisms. The difficulty of drawing causal conclusions from observational data has prompted developments in new methodologies, most notably in the area of graphical models. We explore the relationship between existing theories about causal mechanisms in a social science domain, new mathematical and statistical modelling methods, the role of mathematical proof and the importance of accounting for uncertainty. We show that, while the mathematical sciences rely on their modelling assumptions, dialogue with the social sciences calls for continual extension of these models. We show how changing model assumptions lead to innovative causal structures and more nuanced casual explanations. We review differing techniques for determining cause in different disciplines using causal theories from psychology, medicine, and economics.
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Malville, J. McKim, and John L. Ninnemann. "http://www.cultureandcosmos.org/pdfs/21/CCv21_12Malville.pdf." Culture and Cosmos 21, no. 1 and 2 (2017): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01221.0219.
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Archaeoastronomy is a discipline born at the intersection of cultural anthropology and the science of astronomy. As such, practitioners apply a variety of approaches. It is agreed, however, that casual naked-eye observation is not enough to convincingly assert the significance of prehistoric structures, alignments, and symbols. Although they can be equally creative, science differs from literary fiction in its strong preference for hypotheses that are testable and falsifiable by reproducible evidence. Digital photography is one of several tools in the field that bridges the gap between observation, essential documentation, and a search for meaning. A digital file yields both an archival image and unalterable EXIF time/date metadata. We present examples of the utility of digital photography in our studies of archaeoastronomy in the southwestern United States featuring Chimney Rock Pueblo, Yucca House Pueblo, Yellow Jacket Pueblo, Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde National Park, and Fajada Butte in Chaco Canyon.
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Shonkwiler, Alison. "Neo-homesteading." Public Culture 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 465–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-8358674.
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This essay examines the growing interest in home-based labor in light of the changing structures of conventional work. Neo-homesteading, particularly in its part-time and casual modes, reveals the conflicted middle-class desire to achieve freedom from the wage economy without abandoning the advantages and benefits of modern, high-tech capitalism. Recent narratives about the value of home production affirm the effort to assert greater control over work lives and to recuperate satisfying, sustainable, and less alienated forms of production. At the same time, these narratives expose troubling contradictions in the “postwork” landscape, such as a deeper investment in private and individualized labor, an unstable relationship to land ownership, and a neoliberal retrenchment into a family-based organization of labor. Neo-homesteading, it is argued, makes visible both the radical and the reactionary possibilities that emerge from the effort to reconceive work.
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Sanders, Robert Martin, and Satoshi Uehara. "A syntactic classification of the synchronic use of gěi in Beijing Mandarin." Chinese Language and Discourse 3, no. 2 (December 14, 2012): 167–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.3.2.02san.
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This study fills a gap in the literature on the polyfunctional nature of the Chinese ditransitive verb gěi ‘to give’, which has undergone semantic and functional extensions. Our approach differs from previous studies by focusing on a narrowly defined location in time and space, i.e. contemporary Beijing oral language, and by basing our linguistic analysis on data obtained through the systematic sampling of a corpus of spontaneous casual discourse. Based on the existing literature we produce a taxonomy of five extended functions and structures 1) causative verb, 2) passive marker, 3) benefactive/malefactive/dative marker, 4) disposal marker and 5) ditransitive suffix. Of these, the first four share the common linear structure [NP1 gěi NP2 V]. Applying this taxonomy to our data we identified the relative productivity of each of these functions and created a synchronic constructional network of gěi, revealing its complex network of connections.
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Hovi, Tuija. "Functions of Narrative Genres for Lived Religion." Approaching Religion 4, no. 1 (May 7, 2014): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30664/ar.67540.
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The article presents the object and results of a study which combines the psychology of religion and folkloristics in the form of a qualitative analysis of empirical ethnographic material compiled from sources in a local neo-charismatic congregation called the ‘Word of Life’. Personal narrative is discussed as a genre which represents the collective tradition of a religious community. It is a socially-learned speech act and a means of interpreting and sharing religious experience, thus constructing and confirming the faith of the community, both individually and collectively. In the neo-charismatic tradition, everyday speech draws on a literal (biblical) tradition as well as on socially-shared narrative genres such as ritual testimonies, prophecies, sermons and casual, personal narratives of co-believers. The faith-creative power of these stories can be found in their performative utterances and evaluative structures as well as in non-communication.
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Safotso, Gilbert Tagne. "Neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English and Cameroon Francophone English." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1010.04.
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Language learning/use is a very delicate task. When a learner/user of a given language is confronted with a difficulty, he/she is forced to create to communicate. This can be observed in most New Englishes. Those varieties of English abound in neologisms and local languages items. From an interlanguage frame, this study looks at some neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English (CamE) / Cameroon Francophone English (CamFE). The data come from debates on national radio stations and TV channels, conversations among students and university lecturers on university campuses across Cameroon, casual encounters such as public gatherings or during journeys, and from students’ essays. The findings show that, in CamE, most neologisms come from Pidgin English or French while Cameroonisms come from local languages, the inflection of some English words and skilful combination of some English structures. In CamFE, most neologisms come from French and Cameroonisms from home languages and code mixing.
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Xiang, Tianzhu, Gui-Song Xia, and Liangpei Zhang. "IMAGE STITCHING WITH PERSPECTIVE-PRESERVING WARPING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 3, 2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-3-287-2016.
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Image stitching algorithms often adopt the global transform, such as homography, and work well for planar scenes or parallax free camera motions. However, these conditions are easily violated in practice. With casual camera motions, variable taken views, large depth change, or complex structures, it is a challenging task for stitching these images. The global transform model often provides dreadful stitching results, such as misalignments or projective distortions, especially perspective distortion. To this end, we suggest a perspective-preserving warping for image stitching, which spatially combines local projective transforms and similarity transform. By weighted combination scheme, our approach gradually extrapolates the local projective transforms of the overlapping regions into the non-overlapping regions, and thus the final warping can smoothly change from projective to similarity. The proposed method can provide satisfactory alignment accuracy as well as reduce the projective distortions and maintain the multi-perspective view. Experimental analysis on a variety of challenging images confirms the efficiency of the approach.
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Xiang, Tianzhu, Gui-Song Xia, and Liangpei Zhang. "IMAGE STITCHING WITH PERSPECTIVE-PRESERVING WARPING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 3, 2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-287-2016.
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Image stitching algorithms often adopt the global transform, such as homography, and work well for planar scenes or parallax free camera motions. However, these conditions are easily violated in practice. With casual camera motions, variable taken views, large depth change, or complex structures, it is a challenging task for stitching these images. The global transform model often provides dreadful stitching results, such as misalignments or projective distortions, especially perspective distortion. To this end, we suggest a perspective-preserving warping for image stitching, which spatially combines local projective transforms and similarity transform. By weighted combination scheme, our approach gradually extrapolates the local projective transforms of the overlapping regions into the non-overlapping regions, and thus the final warping can smoothly change from projective to similarity. The proposed method can provide satisfactory alignment accuracy as well as reduce the projective distortions and maintain the multi-perspective view. Experimental analysis on a variety of challenging images confirms the efficiency of the approach.
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Santamaría García, Carmen. "Bricolage assembling." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 16, no. 3 (October 24, 2011): 345–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16.3.04san.
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This article illustrates the use of spoken corpora for a contrastive study of casual conversation in English and Spanish. It models an eclectic methodology for cross-linguistic comparison at the level of discourse, specifically of exchange structures, by drawing upon analytic resources from corpus linguistics (CL), conversation analysis (CA) and discourse analysis (DA). This combination of perspectives presents challenges and limitations which will be discussed and exemplified through a case study that explores agreement and disagreement sequences. English data have been retrieved from the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English (SBCSAE; cf. Du Bois et al. 2000, 2003) and Spanish data from Corpus Oral de Referencia del Español Contemporáneo (CORLEC). The case study reveals the need for spoken corpora to include complete conversations, discourse annotation, sound files and detailed contextual information. This means a step forward from corpora of spoken language to discourse corpora and a challenge for CL, CA and DA in the near future.
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Stanojcic, Slavko. "Syntactical units as bounded discourse formants in communicative and narrative pragmatics." Juznoslovenski filolog 73, no. 3-4 (2017): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1704061s.
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In exploring the viewpoints and methodology of text linguistics, the paper presents the results of the author?s research into the role of syntactical units in relation to the units of semantic nature in the formation of the complete structure of a given text as a unit at the level of language pragmatics. The research was done by means of interpretation of language samples in the field of two functional styles, with a focus on defining the role of syntactical structures in the formation of bounded (situational) discourse. The object of examination is (a) the communicative language, by which term the author understands the language of the speaker?s/writer?s report in the casual practice of communication, here - in the practice of school lectures/textbooks in the field of primary curriculum in the domain of natural and social sciences. The author does this by applying the typical instruments of our text linguistics in the analysis of chosen textbook discourse samples. In addition, the author presents his interpretations of syntactical structures? role in the formation of (b) the narrative discourse/text, by applying the same instruments of text linguistic analysis, here - on the selected sample taken from the work of a typically Belgrade-style example of literary language written by Slobodan Selenic. Naturally - all these function in their respective segments of definitions or descriptions (portrayals).
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Musabeh Surour Hamad Binnawas, Gamal S. A. Khalifa, and Amyia Bhaumick. "The Influence of Higher Education Service Quality on Behavioural Intention: The Mediating Role of Student Happiness." Restaurant Business 118, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i10.9352.
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Higher education frameworks in numerous nations have extended drastically to meet growing economic and social needs. Educational policies, structures and practices have been essentially affected by globalization. Some of these progressions have been driven by financial forces, while others have been driven by political, technological, and social powers. Globalization's effect on education has brought on a reconsidering of numerous ranges in education, including its purpose, structure, pedagogy, content, instructional methodology, and outcomes assessment. The study aims to investigate the casual relationship between service quality and student behavioral intention, as well as, the mediating effect of student happiness. In the current study, the researcher adopted the quantitative technique (using questionnaire method) to achieve the research aim. SPSS25 and Smart PLS3 are implemented for data analysis. The results revealed that higher education service qualities; and student happiness, have a positive effect on student behavioral intention. In addition, student happiness mediates the relationship between higher education service quality and student behavioral intention. Theoretical and practical implications are introduced as well as suggestions for future research.
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Rizzo, Matteo. "Being taken for a ride: privatisation of the Dar es Salaam transport system 1983–1998." Journal of Modern African Studies 40, no. 1 (March 2002): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x01003846.
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This paper analyses the effects of privatisation and deregulation of the Dar es Salaam transport system. It starts with an account of the decline of the government-owned transport company and the first opening of the market to private buses in 1983. The analysis then moves to the progressive deregulation of the sector and its impact on transport supply. Competition between private operators in the oversupplied market manifests itself in non-compliance with safety rules, and inefficiencies in the fare structures. Labour relations with the private sector are then examined to illustrate the logic of the market. The results of a questionnaire answered by 668 workers suggest that the reaction of casual workers to exploitative conditions of employment characterises many aspects of the operation of the transport system. The impact of deregulation is therefore most clearly to be seen in the nature of labour relations within the sector, and it is argued that there is a need for state regulation to monitor and enforce conditions of employment within the private sector if service provision is to be improved.
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Buckland, Paul C., Mike Parker Pearson, Andy Wigley, and Maureen A. Girling. "Is There Anybody Out There? A Reconsideration of the Environmental Evidence from the Breiddin Hillfort, Powys, Wales." Antiquaries Journal 81 (September 2001): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500072140.
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Researchers have often assumed that the Iron Age hillforts of the Welsh borders were densely occupied centres of population. One of these is the Breiddin, occupied in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, which was excavated in 1969–76. At its centre was a natural water reservoir, Buckbean Pond, which provided a radiocarbon dated sequence of deposition contemporary with the later prehistoric occupation of the hillfort. The beetle assemblage from these deposits was never properly studied or published due to Maureen Girling's death and, as a result, its implications for understanding the human impact on the pond's immediate environment were not fully appreciated. Despite the remains of four-post structures close to the pond and of roundhouses and associated deposits in the vicinity, both flora and insect faunas indicate a quiet natural pond with little disturbance other than casual grazing by animals. This ‘evidence of absence’ does not square with the archaeological evidence which is here interpreted as deriving from human activity which was neither permanent nor intensive.
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Sutton, Deborah. "Inhabited Pasts: Monuments, Authority, and People in Delhi, 1912–1970s." Journal of Asian Studies 77, no. 4 (November 2018): 1013–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911818000906.
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This article considers the relationship between the official, legislated claims of heritage conservation in India and the wide range of episodic and transitory inhabitations that have animated and transformed the monumental remains of the city, or rather cities, of Delhi. Delhi presents a spectrum of monumental structures that appear variously to either exist in splendid isolation from the rush of everyday urban life or to peek out amidst a palimpsest of unplanned, urban fabric. The repeated attempts of the state archaeological authorities to disambiguate heritage from the quotidian life of the city was frustrated by bureaucratic lapses, casual social occupations, and deliberate challenges. The monuments offered structural and spatial canvases for lives within the city, providing shelter, solitude, and the possibility of privacy, as well as devotional and commercial opportunity. The dominant comportment of the city's monuments during the twentieth century was a hybrid monumentality, in which the jealous, legislated custody of the state became anxious, ossified, and ineffectual. An acknowledgement and acceptance of the hybridity of Delhi's monuments offers an opportunity to reorient understandings of urban heritage.
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Appolaire, Alexandre, Eric Girard, Matteo Colombo, M. Asunción Durá, Martine Moulin, Michael Härtlein, Bruno Franzetti, and Frank Gabel. "Small-angle neutron scattering reveals the assembly mode and oligomeric architecture of TET, a large, dodecameric aminopeptidase." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 70, no. 11 (October 23, 2014): 2983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714018446.
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The specific self-association of proteins into oligomeric complexes is a common phenomenon in biological systems to optimize and regulate their function. However,de novostructure determination of these important complexes is often very challenging for atomic-resolution techniques. Furthermore, in the case of homo-oligomeric complexes, or complexes with very similar building blocks, the respective positions of subunits and their assembly pathways are difficult to determine using many structural biology techniques. Here, an elegant and powerful approach based on small-angle neutron scattering is applied, in combination with deuterium labelling and contrast variation, to elucidate the oligomeric organization of the quaternary structure and the assembly pathways of 468 kDa, hetero-oligomeric and symmetricPyrococcus horikoshiiTET2–TET3 aminopeptidase complexes. The results reveal that the topology of thePhTET2 andPhTET3 dimeric building blocks within the complexes is not casual but rather suggests that their quaternary arrangement optimizes the catalytic efficiency towards peptide substrates. This approach bears important potential for the determination of quaternary structures and assembly pathways of large oligomeric and symmetric complexes in biological systems.
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Hendrickson, Brian S., and Stuart B. Brown. "Harvest of Motion." Mechanical Engineering 130, no. 09 (September 1, 2008): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2008-sep-8.
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This article discusses that a small-scale generator uses a catch-and-release strategy that can turn a casual stroll into useful electric energy. Many devices now require fractions of a watt continuously, often with occasional bursts of 1 to 10 W during peak activity. However, batteries occupy device volume and have limited life. Even rechargeable batteries can withstand only a finite number of charge cycles and, perhaps most important, recharging them can be inconvenient or expensive. Engineers must develop strategies to harness the abundant energy in low-frequency, time-varying motion before energy harvesting can achieve its greatest potential. Water waves, swaying and bouncing structures, and biomechanics are potential environmental energy sources that are largely out of the reach of the current vibration-inspired, motion harvesting technologies. Being able to economically convert low-speed motion to electricity will be a key to realizing practical long-term power generation for distributed devices. The Veryst energy-harvesting concept is one approach that intends to do just that. As with other energy harvesting projects, much work remains, but initial research and development suggest strong potential.
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Considine, Julie, Tony Walker, and Debra Berry. "Development, implementation and evaluation of an interprofessional graduate program for nursing–paramedicine double-degree graduates." Australian Health Review 39, no. 5 (2015): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14258.
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Over the past decade, several Australian universities have offered a double degree in nursing and paramedicine. Mainstream employment models that facilitate integrated graduate practice in both nursing and paramedicine are currently lacking. The aim of the present study was to detail the development of the Interprofessional Graduate Program (IPG), the industrial and professional issues that required solutions, outcomes from the first pilot IPG group and future directions. The IPG was an 18-month program during which participants rotated between graduate nursing experience in emergency nursing at Northern Health, Melbourne, Australia and graduate paramedic experience with Ambulance Victoria. The first IPG with 10 participants ran from January 2011 to August 2012. A survey completed by nine of the 10 participants in March 2014 showed that all nine participants nominated Ambulance Victoria as their main employer and five participants were working casual shifts in nursing. Alternative graduate programs that span two health disciplines are feasible but hampered by rigid industrial relations structures and professional ideologies. Despite a ‘purpose built’ graduate program that spanned two disciplines, traditional organisational structures still hamper double-degree graduates using all of skills to full capacity, and force the selection of one dominant profession. What is known about the topic? There are no employment models that facilitate integrated graduate practice in both nursing and paramedicine. The lack of innovative employment models for double-degree graduates means that current graduate program structures force double-degree graduates to practice in one discipline, negating the intent of a double degree. What does this paper add? This is the first time that a graduate program specifically designed for double-degree graduates with qualifications as Registered Nurses and Paramedics has been developed, delivered and evaluated. This paper confirms that graduate programs spanning two health disciplines are feasible. What are the implications for practitioners? Even with a graduate program specifically designed to span nursing and paramedicine, traditional organisational structures still hamper double-degree graduates using all their skills to full capacity, and force the selection of one dominant profession.
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Kruger, A., S. Lemke, Mars Phometsi, H. van't Riet, AE Pienaar, and G. Kotze. "Poverty and household food security of black South African farm workers: the legacy of social inequalities." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 7 (October 2006): 830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/phn2005927.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess socio-economic indicators, nutritional status and living conditions of farm workers and their families, with the purpose to develop research and intervention programmes aimed at enhancing nutritional status and quality of life.Design and settingThree farm schools in two districts of the North-West Province and farming communities were selected. Anthropometrical measurements, structured face-to-face questionnaires and focus group discussions were carried out in 2002 and 2003 by a multidisciplinary research team.ResultsAccess to electricity, water and sanitation, as well as monthly food rations or subsidies, vary and depend on farm owners. The majority of adults have education below or up to grade four, farm schools provide only up to grade seven. Distance to farm schools and intra-household issues hamper children's attendance and performance at school. Household food security is compromised due to a lack of financial resources, infrastructure and also household resource allocation. This impacts negatively especially on children, with half of them being underweight, stunted or wasted. Employment is usually linked to men, while most women have access to casual jobs only. Insecurity of residence and the perceived disempowered position towards farm owners add to feelings of hopelessness and stress.Conclusions and recommendationsThis study highlights destitute living conditions of farm worker families. Apart from structural and financial constraints, paternalistic structures of the past might also hamper development. Based on these findings, follow-up research projects and in-depth investigations into underlying social issues with regard to nutrition insecurity and livelihoods of farm workers were initiated.
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Amin, M. Syahruddin. "Perbedaan Struktur Otak dan Perilaku Belajar Antara Pria dan Wanita; Eksplanasi dalam Sudut Pandang Neuro Sains dan Filsafat." Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 1, no. 1 (May 4, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v1i1.13973.
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Human beings as agents of change and well-being on Earth was created by God in two types of different biological potential. The potential is equipped to carry out their mandate. This potential will be optimized through the correct process in accordance with the characteristics of each type of sexual potency. This qualitative studies, research library, is aimed to providing an explanatory link between gender, brain structure, and learning behavior. Brain structures of men and women have differences in the anatomical aspects, physical (size), and a way of thinking, including learning. Teach boys more appropriate to use a pattern that puts the visuospatial, challenging, and rich in hands-on activities. While teach women would be more effective to use a pattern that emphasizes language and communication abilities such as reading, writing, lectures, casual discussions, collaboration, and presentation. In education, differences in the way and learning styles of men and women can be facilitated with several options for how such multiple female teachers at the level of primary education, the separation of classes between men and women, applying combinative methods of teaching in heterogeneous class
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Karatzogianni, Athina, Galina Miazhevich, and Anastasia Denisova. "A Comparative Cyberconflict Analysis of Digital Activism Across Post-Soviet Countries." Comparative Sociology 16, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 102–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341415.
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This article analyses digital activism comparatively in relation to three Post-Soviet regions: Russian/anti-Russian in Crimea and online political deliberation in Belarus, in juxtaposition to Estonia’s digital governance approach. The authors show that in civil societies in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, cultural forms of digital activism, such as internet memes, thrive and produce and reproduce effective forms of political deliberation. In contrast to Estonia, in authoritarian regimes actual massive mobilization and protest is forbidden, or is severely punished with activists imprisoned, persecuted or murdered by the state. This is consistent with use of cultural forms of digital activism in countries where protest is illegal and political deliberation is restricted in government-controlled or oligarchic media. Humorous political commentary might be tolerated online to avoid mobilization and decompress dissent and resistance, yet remaining strictly within censorship and surveillance apparatuses. The authors’ research affirms the potential of internet memes in addressing apolitical crowds, infiltrating casual conversations and providing symbolic manifestation to resistant debates. Yet, the virtuality of the protest undermines its consistency and impact on offline political deliberation. Without knowing each other beyond social media, the participants are unlikely to form robust organisational structures and mobilise for activism offline.
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Zhou, Zitong, Yanyang Zi, Jinglong Chen, and Tong An. "Hazard Analysis for Escalator Emergency Braking System via System Safety Analysis Method Based on STAMP." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 4530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214530.
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Due to the complex mechanical structure and control process of escalator emergency braking systems (EEBS), traditional hazard analysis based on the event chain model have limitations in exploring component interaction failure in such a complex social-technical system. Therefore, a hazard analysis framework is proposed in this paper for hazard analysis of complex electromechanical systems based on system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP). Firstly, basic principles of STAMP are introduced and comparison with other hazard analysis methods is conducted, then the safety analysis framework is proposed. Secondly, a study case is performed to identify unsafe control actions of EEBS from control structures, and a specific control diagram is organized to recognize potential example casual scenarios. Next, comparison between fault tree analysis and STAMP for escalator’s overturned accident shows that hazards related to component damaged can be identified by both, while hazards that focus on components interaction can only be identified by STAMP. Besides, single control way and tandem operation process are found to be the obvious causal factors of accidents. Finally, some improvement measures like decibel detection or vibration monitoring of key components are suggested to help the current broken chain detection to trigger the anti-reversal device for a better safe EEBS.
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Memon, Mumtaz Ali, Rohani Salleh, and Mohamed Noor Rosli Baharom. "The link between training satisfaction, work engagement and turnover intention." European Journal of Training and Development 40, no. 6 (July 4, 2016): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-10-2015-0077.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the casual relationship between training satisfaction, work engagement (WE) and turnover intention and the mediating role of WE between training satisfaction and turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 409 oil and gas professionals using an email survey questionnaire. Structural equation modelling, using Analysis of Moment Structures (IBM AMOS) 22.0, was performed to test the hypothesized model. Findings The results suggest that training satisfaction is significantly positively related to employees’ level of WE and is negatively related to turnover intention. The results also reveal that WE mediates the relationship between training satisfaction and turnover intention. Practical implications Training has long been thought to play an important role in achieving positive attitudinal and behaviours outcomes among employees. This study reconfirms these ideas and highlights the importance of training satisfaction as being key to achieving greater WE and reducing voluntary turnover. Therefore, the finding of this study have a number of implications for research and human resource development practitioners. Originality/value This study makes a significant theoretical contribution to the literature as this is the first study to demonstrate the significance of training satisfaction and the mediating effects of WE in reducing the turnover intention of employees.
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Catá, Alexandra S. "Convergence of Rhetoric, Labour, and Play in the Construction of Inactive Discourses on Twitch." Digital Culture & Society 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dcs-2019-0209.
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Abstract Twitch is a complex space that involves both laborious play and “playbour” through the commodification of streamers time and the gamification of streamer interaction through emotes and bits. As a result, this creates a rhetorical space where celebrity, race, and gender are tension points that reflect disproportionate power structures on Twitch. Coupled with the fact that Twitch also functions as the main broadcast platform for esports tournaments, understanding how streamers rhetorically position themselves and interact with audiences as content creators, streamers, celebrities, and, for some, esports athletes it is important as video games increasingly become a mainstream form of entertainment. In addition to examining streamers, we also need to understand how average audiences, both casual, non-competitive gamers, and mainstream audiences will consume and react to streamer discussions and discourse and how that impacts attitudes in the community, particularly in relation to toxicity towards minorities. My paper uses Tyler “Ninja” Belvin’s statement “I don’t play with female gamers” (Frank 2018) as a rhetorical case study for examining rhetorical power, celebrity, and privilege on Twitch. I ultimately argue that Twitch is a site of laborious play and “playbour” that perpetually remains socially inactive in supporting and accepting minorities on the platform. To support this argument, I use Carolyn Miller’s “Genre as Social Action” (1984) to situate the rhetorics around this situation using her features (context, recursive patterns, discourse, mediation, and exigence) to analyse two interviews with Ninja, labour and commodification structures on Twitch, and Twitch chat. Through these, I identify the rhetorical implications of Ninja’s statements, how it affects the Twitch gaming community, and reveal a complex power structure that ultimately fails to acknowledge the streamers’ rhetorical power and influence while continuing to perpetuate toxic gaming attitudes towards minorities.
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Takano, Yoshitaka, Kenichi Komeda, Kaihei Kojima, and Tetsuro Okuno. "Proper Regulation of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Required for Growth, Conidiation, and Appressorium Function in the Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 10 (October 2001): 1149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.10.1149.
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Colletotrichum lagenarium, the casual agent of anthracnose of cucumber, forms specialized infection structures, called appressoria, during infection. To evaluate the role of cAMP signaling in C. lagenarium, we isolated and functionally characterized the regulatory subunit gene of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The RPK1 gene encoding the PKA regulatory subunit was isolated from C. lagenarium by polymerase chain reaction-based screening. rpk1 mutants, generated by gene replacement, exhibited high PKA activity during vegetative growth, whereas the wild-type strain had basal level activity. The rpk1 mutants showed significant reduction in vegetative growth and conidiation. Furthermore, the rpk1 mutants were nonpathogenic on cucumber plants, whereas they formed lesions when inoculated through wounds. A suppressor mutant showing restored growth and conidiation was isolated from a rpk1 mutant culture. The rpk1-suppressor mutant did not show high PKA activity, unlike the parental rpk1 mutant, suggesting that high PKA activity inhibits normal growth and conidiation. The suppressor mutant, however, was nonpathogenic on cucumber and failed to form lesions, even when inoculated through wounds. The rpk1 and suppressor mutants formed melanized appressoria on the host leaf surface but were unable to generate penetration hyphae. These results suggest that proper regulation of the PKA activity by the RPK1-encoded regulatory subunit is required for growth, conidiation, and appressorium function in C. lagenarium.
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Sinshahw, Yenewondim Biadgie. "Near-lossless image compression using an improved edge adaptive hierarchical interpolation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1576-1583.
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<span>In medical and scientific imaging, lossless image compression is recommended because the loss of minor details subject to medical diagnosis can lead to wrong diagniosis. On the other hand, lossy compression of medical images is required in the long run because a huge quantity of medical data needs remote storage. This, in turn, takes long time to search and transfer an image. Instead of thinking lossless or lossy image compression methods, near-loss image compression mehod can be used to compromise the two conflicting requirements. In the previous work, an edge adaptive hierarchical interpolation (EAHINT) was proposed for resolution scalable lossless compression of images. In this paper, it was enhanced for scalable near-less image compression. The interpolator of this arlgorithm swiches among one-directional, multi-directional and non-directional linear interpolators adaptively based on the strength of the edge in a 3x3 local casual context of the current pixel being predicted. The strength of the edge in local window was estimated using the variance of the the pixels in the local window. Although the actual predictors are still linear functions, the switching mechanism tried to deal with non-linear structures like edges. Simulation results demonstrate that the improved interpolation algorithm has better compression ratio over the the exsisting the original EAHINT algorithm and JPEG-Ls image compression standard. </span>
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Trybulec, Barbara. "Extended Cognitive System and Epistemic Subject." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2015-0006.
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Abstract The concept of an extended cognitive system is central to contemporary studies of cognition. In the paper I analyze the place of the epistemic subject within the extended cognitive system. Is it extended as well? In answering this question I focus on the differences between the first and the second wave of arguments for the extended mind thesis. I argue that the position of Cognitive Integration represented by Richard Menary is much more intuitive and fruitful in analyses of cognition and knowledge than the early argument formulated by Andy Clark and David Chalmers. Cognitive Integration is compatible with virtue epistemology of John Greco’s agent reliabilism. The epistemic subject is constituted by its cognitive character composed of an integrated set of cognitive abilities and processes. Some of these processes are extended, they are a manipulation of external informational structures and, as such, they constitute epistemic practices. Epistemic practices are normative; to conduct them correctly the epistemic subject needs to obey epistemic norms embedded in the cultural context. The epistemic subject is not extended because of the casual coupling with external informational artifacts which extend his mind from inside the head and into the world. Rather, cognitive practices constitute the subject’s mind, they transform his cognitive abilities, and this is what makes the mind and epistemic subject “extended”.
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Priya, A. "Haruki Murakami’s Characters and Works-as the Representation of Postmodernism." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8073.
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As one of the most outstanding Japanese authors, Haruki Murakami always comes up with excellent ideas of surrealistic stories. The Postmodern condition is evident in most of Murakami’s novels. A sense of alienation of character and world is evident by a language medium invented to form a kind of rhythmic syntax structure which complements the illustration of the main characters’ subconscious fears and paranoia in the course of his exploration of a seemingly chaotic world. His portrayal of characters is unique and significant that expresses the dichotomy of characters who fight between reality and fantasy. Nevertheless, their ambition to be free from the structures that bound them do not always come true. Some of them left their symbolic mechanism to enter another one. In the end, the characters cannot be the Other; as long as they are still in the clutches of a particular token device they would only be able to be the other. His Characters explore themselves in search of meaning of their existence. His characters often utter speeches which directly contradict their subsequent actions.They are male, middle-aged, leading aimless existences. They enjoy preparing and eating such western foods as spaghetti; they love American pop culture, particularly music of the 1960s and 1970s; and they are hedonistic and idle. They either engage in casual love affairs or fantasize about having them. His novels like After dark(2004) and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1994) is postmodern works by the coexistence of the surreal scenes.
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Overstreet, Maryann. "The English general extender." English Today 36, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078419000312.
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In the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Biber et al., 1999), a new category is identified in the grammar of the English phrase. In conversational data, the most frequent forms cited as examples of this category are or something, and everything, and things and and stuff, which are described as ‘coordination tags’ by Biber et al. (1999: 115–16). This label has not been widely adopted, but the linguistic category it describes has clearly become established as part of modern English. The term ‘general extender’ (Overstreet, 1999) is now commonly used to refer to this category: ‘“general” because they are nonspecific and “extender” because they extend otherwise complete utterances’ (1999: 3). There are two subcategories: adjunctive general extenders, beginning with and, and disjunctive general extenders, beginning with or. In casual conversation, general extenders are typically phrase- or clause-final, consisting of and/or plus a vague noun (stuff/things) or a pronoun (something/everything), with an optional comparative phrase (like that/this). In everyday spoken British English, the phrase and (all) that is also extremely common. In written and formal spoken English, forms with quite different structures, such as et cetera, and so on, and so forth, and or so are more typically used to fulfill related functions. All of these forms are grammatically optional and fall within the more general category of pragmatic markers, along with you know, I mean, like and sort of, ‘expressions which may have little obvious propositional meaning but which oil the wheels of conversational social interaction’ (Beeching, 2016: 1).
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Çinar, Melih Ertan. "Alien polychaete species worldwide: current status and their impacts." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 5 (November 26, 2012): 1257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001646.
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This paper reviews the alien polychaete species in the world's oceans and their impacts on the marine ecosystems and humans. A total of 292 polychaete species belonging to 164 genera and 39 families have been transported around the world's oceans with human-mediated assistance. Almost 15% of total number of known polychaete genera and 3.4% of total number of species are included in this phenomenon. A total of 180 species have become established in the world's oceans and 31 species (casual species) have a potential to establish viable populations in a new location. The most speciose genera areHydroides(16 species) andPolydora(16 species), both accounting for 10% of the total number of alien species. The families Spionidae (53 species) and Serpulidae (46 species) have the highest number of alien species. The Mediterranean Sea (134 species), and the coasts of the Hawaii Islands (47 species) and the USA Pacific (34 species) have been intensively invaded by alien polychaetes. The origins of alien species vary among regions. Alien polychaete species in the Mediterranean Sea mostly originated from the Red Sea and Indo-Pacific areas. Benthic habitats of the areas between 40°N and 40°S were colonized by polychaetes mostly originating from other tropical and subtropical regions. The Suez Canal and shipping are the major vectors for species introductions. Some species imported and exported as fishing baits have become established at non-native localities. The invasive polychaete species have greatly altered habitat structures in some areas, restructured the food webs, and created important economic problems.
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Bdeir, Fadl, John W. Crawford, and Liaquat Hossain. "Informal Networks in Disaster Medicine." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 3 (December 8, 2016): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.142.
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AbstractObjectiveOur study of informal networks aimed to explore information-sharing environments for the management of disaster medicine and public health preparedness. Understanding interagency coordination in preparing for and responding to extreme events such as disease outbreaks is central to reducing risks and coordination costs.MethodsWe evaluated the pattern of information flow for actors involved in disaster medicine through social network analysis. Social network analysis of agencies can serve as a basis for the effective design and reconstruction of disaster medicine response coordination structures. This research used new theoretical approaches in suggesting a framework and a method to study the outcome of complex inter-organizational networks in coordinating disease outbreak response. We present research surveys of 70 health professionals from different skill sets and organizational positions during the swine influenza A (H1N1) PDM09 2009 pandemic. The survey and interviews were designed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data in order to build a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the inter-organizational networks that evolved during the pandemic.ResultsThe degree centrality of the informal network showed a positive correlation with performance, in which the ego’s performance is related to the number of links he or she establishes informally—outside the standard operating structure during the pandemic. Informal networks facilitate the transmission of both strong (ie, infections, confirmed cases, deaths in hospital or clinic settings) and weak (ie, casual acquaintances) ties.ConclusionsThe results showed that informal networks promoted community-based ad hoc and formal networks, thus making overall disaster medicine and public health preparedness more effective. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:343–354)
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Vegas, Angel, and Martin Jansen. "Structural relationships between cations and alloys; an equivalence between oxidation and pressure." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 58, no. 1 (January 24, 2001): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768101019310.
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More than 100 examples are provided of the structural identity between the cation arrays in oxides and their corresponding alloys (binary compounds). Halides and halogenates, sulfides and sulfites and/or sulfates, selenides and selenates, phosphides and phosphates show this behaviour. In some cases, the structure of the cation subarray corresponds to the structure of the alloy at ambient conditions, but in other cases, cations stabilize structures which correspond to those of the high-pressure phases of the alloy, from which an analogy between the insertion of oxygen and the application of pressure can be established. In this last case, the oxides show polymorphism with temperature and when heated, the structure of the ambient pressure of the alloy is recovered as if heating would compensate the effect of pressure. From the results reported here, it is concluded that cations do not seem to be either the isolated entities, predicted by the ionic model, which occupy interstices of an oxygen matrix, or they arrange in a more or less arbitrary way, but they try to reproduce the structure of their corresponding alloy. Many of the phase transitions and the polymorphism exhibited by the oxides described here are better explained when they are considered as formed by previous entities which are the alloys. Oxides should be considered as `real stuffed alloys'. These features do not seem to be casual, but they obey a general principle: Cations recognize themselves in spite of being embedded in an oxygen bulk. The nature and the physical meaning of this recognition are problems which remain unsolved.
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A.W.A. Bakar, W., M. A. Jalil, M. Man, Z. Abdullah, and F. Mohd. "Postdiffset: an Eclat-like algorithm for frequent itemset mining." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.28 (May 16, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.28.12911.
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Frequent itemset mining is a major field in data mining techniques. This is because it deals with usual and normal occurrences of set of items in a database transaction. Originated from market basket analysis, frequent itemset generation may lead to the formulation of association rule as to derive correlation or patterns. Association rule mining still remains as one of the most prominent areas in data mining that aims to extract interesting correlations, frequent patterns, association or casual structures among set of items in the transaction databases. Underlying structure of association rules mining algorithms are based upon horizontal or vertical data formats. These two data formats have been widely discussed by showing few examples of algorithm of each data formats. The works on horizontal approaches suffer in many candidate generation and multiple database scans that contributes to higher memory consumptions. In response to improve on horizontal approach, the works on vertical approaches are established. Eclat algorithm is one example of algorithm in vertical approach database format. Motivated to its ‘fast intersection’, in this paper, we review and analyze the fundamental Eclat and Eclat-variants such as tidset, diffset, and sortdiffset. In response to vertical data format and as a continuity to Eclat extension, we propose a postdiffset algorithm as a new member in Eclat variants that use tidset format in the first looping and diffset in the later looping. We present the performance of postdiffset results in time execution as to indicate some improvements has been achieved in frequent itemset mining.
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Feofilovs, Maksims, Francesco Romagnoli, Charlotte Kendra Gotangco, Jairus Carmela Josol, Jean Meir Perez Jardeleza, Joseph Emanuel Litam, Joaquin Ignacio Campos, and Katrina Abenojar. "Assessing resilience against floods with a system dynamics approach: a comparative study of two models." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 5 (April 16, 2020): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-02-2020-0013.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the concepts of two different ways of generating a dynamic structure of the urban system to further allow in understanding specific urban behavior facing against flood and further evaluate the potential effect of specific resilience strategies aiming to decrease the exposure and vulnerability of the system. Design/methodology/approach Two system dynamics model structures are presented in form of Casual Loop Diagrams. Findings The main differences among the tow approaches are the time horizon and the approach that regulates the assessment of the resilience through a dynamic composite indicator: the first model refers to baseline at initial simulation time; the second model is focused on the ratio service supply to demand. Research limitations/implications Within the approach, the purpose is to properly and efficiently evaluate the effect of different Flood Risk Management strategies, i.e. prevention, defence, mitigation, preparation and recovery for consistent and resilient flood governance plans with different type of resilience scenarios. Originality/value The need for such tool is underlined by a lack on the assessment of urban resilience to flood as whole, considering the physical and social dimensions and the complex interaction among their main components. There are several assessment tools based on an indicator approach that have been proposed to meet this need. Nevertheless, indicator-based approach has the limitation to exclude the complexity of the system and its systemic interaction in terms of feedbacks’ effects among the identified components or variables selected for the system description. This peculiarity can be provided by System Dynamics modeling.
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Wilson, Allan. "Roman Penetration in Strathclyde South of the Antonine Wall PART TWO: ROMANIZATION." Glasgow Archaeological Journal 20, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gas.1996.20.20.1.
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Summary It will be shown that at the time of Roman conquest, the Damnonii in Strathclyde consisted probably of a decentralised grouping of tribesmen whose political fragmentation is evidenced by their ubiquitous smallscale structures. Some form of hierarchical society is indicated with wealth based on ownership of land and stock and mixed farming the basic element in an embedded economy. Archaeological evidence suggests the Damnonii may have undergone a degree of agricultural revolution in the pre-Roman Iron Age sufficient to meet the demands of an invading and standing army. Roman finds clearly datable to the 1st century AD have been found on only three native sites at the extremities of the area under investigation, their presence suggesting not casual drift from Roman to native, but deliberate Roman policy to control the Damnonii through a few leaders rewarded with Roman patronage. The points of contact are widened in the 2nd century AD. Bearing in mind that Romanization in southern Scotland is different from that of the fully Romanized province of southern Britain and that Roman occupation in Scotland was relatively brief and essentially military, southern Scotland in effect being a frontier zone, it will be shown that the degree of Romanization is not insignificant and Romanization itself may even have gained momentum after the departure of the Roman army. An examination of the finds from Buiston crannog shows elements of continuity as well as discontinuity with Roman culture and technology. Perhaps the clearest expression of Romanization in the longer term, is the emergence of the Romano-British church in the Early Historic period in south-west Scotland.
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Mannava, Padmakanth, Sunil Gokhale, Sudarshan Pujari, Krishna P. Biswas, Satish Kaliappan, and Shashank Vijapure. "Comparative Evaluation of C-reactive Proteins in Pregnant Women with and without Periodontal Pathologies: A Prospective Cohort Analysis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 6 (2016): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1876.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Inflammation of tooth supporting structures is referred to as periodontitis. C-reactive proteins (CRP) levels are usually increased in case of chronic inflammatory process like periodontitis. Association of CRP with pregnancy has been observed in the past, which includes most commonly preterm delivery, preeclampsia, etc. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that CRP may act as a link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence, we aim to evaluate the plasma CRP levels in pregnant women with and without periodontal pathologies. Materials and methods The study included 210 pregnant women who reported to the hospital with periodontal problems and for routine checkups. All the patients were divided into three groups based on the presence and absence of periodontal pathologies. Russell's Periodontal Index Score was used for the evaluation of periodontal status of the subjects. Results While comparing the mean CRP levels in all the three study groups, statistically significant results were obtained. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the mean CRP levels in group C patients before treatment and after treatment therapy. The CRP levels were estimated by taking blood samples. Paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the correlation between the two parameters. Conclusion Casual association might exist between the CRP levels and periodontal diseases in pregnant women and the CRP levels may also get elevated in pregnant women. How to cite this article Mannava P, Gokhale S, Pujari S, Biswas KP, Kaliappan S, V Shashank. Comparative Evaluation of C-reactive Proteins in Pregnant Women with and without Periodontal Pathologies: A Prospective Cohort Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):480-483.
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Rodríguez, Oriol, Joan Bech, Juan de Dios Soriano, Delia Gutiérrez, and Salvador Castán. "A methodology to conduct wind damage field surveys for high-impact weather events of convective origin." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 1513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1513-2020.
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Abstract. Post-event damage assessments are of paramount importance to document the effects of high-impact weather-related events such as floods or strong wind events. Moreover, evaluating the damage and characterizing its extent and intensity can be essential for further analysis such as completing a diagnostic meteorological case study. This paper presents a methodology to perform field surveys of damage caused by strong winds of convective origin (i.e. tornado, downburst and straight-line winds). It is based on previous studies and also on 136 field studies performed by the authors in Spain between 2004 and 2018. The methodology includes the collection of pictures and records of damage to human-made structures and on vegetation during the in situ visit to the affected area, as well as of available automatic weather station data, witness reports and images of the phenomenon, such as funnel cloud pictures, taken by casual observers. To synthesize the gathered data, three final deliverables are proposed: (i) a standardized text report of the analysed event, (ii) a table consisting of detailed geolocated information about each damage point and other relevant data and (iii) a map or a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file containing the previous information ready for graphical display and further analysis. This methodology has been applied by the authors in the past, sometimes only a few hours after the event occurrence and, on many occasions, when the type of convective phenomenon was uncertain. In those uncertain cases, the information resulting from this methodology contributed effectively to discern the phenomenon type thanks to the damage pattern analysis, particularly if no witness reports were available. The application of methodologies such as the one presented here is necessary in order to build homogeneous and robust databases of severe weather cases and high-impact weather events.
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Day, Gary. "Book Review: The Australian health care system." Australian Health Review 32, no. 2 (2008): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080371.
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THIS IS THE THIRD edition of one of the seminal local texts on the Australian health care system. Over the last seven years, this text has proved a basis for helping students, casual readers and health professionals understand Australia?s sometimes difficult to understand health care system. The text is divided into ten chapters that deal with key aspects of Australia?s health care system, namely: � Frameworks for analysis � The Australian population and its health � Financing health care � The health workforce � Departmental and intergovernmental structures � Hospitals � Public health � Primary and community care � Pharmaceuticals � Policy challenges for the Australian health care system. There are several key reasons why this text has been widely used in the past and will continue to be of value well into the future. The author has been able to accurately describe the complexities of the Australian health care system in an easily digestible way. This is a feat in itself and worthy of praise. There is an appropriate use of tables and figures to support the written content. Finally, the author provides excellent conclusions that bring together the salient points and issues in each chapter. The publisher promotes that this edition includes new material on health workforce, patient safety and medical and health insurance. The Australian health care system delivers on this claim, providing useful insights and a deeper understanding of the issues that confront the future direction and delivery of health services in this country. This text is a useful addition to any library as well as a staple for students needing to more clearly understand the complexities and challenges of the Australian health care system. My only suggestion is that the text could have been enhanced by the inclusion of revision or reflective questions at the end of each chapter. In summary, a must-have as part of a good health-related library.
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Cezar-Vaz, Marta, Clarice Bonow, Daiani Xavier, Joana Vaz, Letícia Cardoso, Marlise Mello, Valdecir Costa, and Cynthia Sant’Anna. "Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Dorsalgia and Associated Factors among Casual Dockworkers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102310.
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This study’s aim was to analyse the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders (low back pain and dorsalgia) and sociodemographic characteristics, workload and occupational hazards among casual dockworkers. This cross-sectional study addressed casual dockworkers from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The convenience sample was composed of 232 casual dockworkers. Data were collected using a structured interview and observation. Poisson regression analysis was used. Association between low back pain and physiological occupational risk (p = 0.006), total exertion levels (p = 0.014) and frustration (p = 0.020) remained statistically significant, while the use of illicit drugs (p = 0.023), being a quayside worker (p = 0.021) and physiological occupational risk (p = 0.040) remained associated with dorsalgia. Decreasing these variables in the workplace may also reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders such as low back pain and dorsalgia.