Academic literature on the topic 'Cat coffee'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cat coffee"
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Watanabe, Hikaru, Chong Han Ng, Vachiranee Limviphuvadh, Shinya Suzuki, and Takuji Yamada. "Gluconobacter dominates the gut microbiome of the Asian palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus that produces kopi luwak." PeerJ 8 (July 30, 2020): e9579. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9579.
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Coffee beans derived from feces of the civet cat are used to brew coffee known as kopi luwak (the Indonesian words for coffee and palm civet, respectively), which is one of the most expensive coffees in the world owing to its limited supply and strong market demand. Recent metabolomics studies have revealed that kopi luwak metabolites differ from metabolites found in other coffee beans. To produce kopi luwak, coffee beans are first eaten by civet cats. It has been proposed that fermentation inside the civet cat digestive tract may contribute to the distinctively smooth flavor of kopi luwak, but the biological basis has not been determined. Therefore, we characterized the microbiome of civet cat feces using 16S rRNA gene sequences to determine the bacterial taxa that may influence fermentation processes related to kopi luwak. Moreover, we compared this fecal microbiome with that of 14 other animals, revealing that Gluconobacter is a genus that is, uniquely found in feces of the civet cat. We also found that Gluconobacter species have a large number of cell motility genes, which may encode flagellar proteins allowing colonization of the civet gut. In addition, genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing amino acids were over-represented in Gluconobacter. These genes may contribute to the fermentation of coffee beans in the digestive tract of civet cats.
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Burns, Duncan Thorburn, and Michael J. Walker. "Critical Review of Analytical and Bioanalytical Verification of the Authenticity of Coffee." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no. 2 (March 2020): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0392.
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Abstract Background: The driving factors for the commercial adulteration of coffee are reviewed. Objective: Methods have been assessed for the identification of the most common materials used to adulterate coffee by dilution, to establish the geographic origins, the genotypes of beans, and to assess the authenticity of Kopi Luwak coffee. Method: The literature was surveyed manually and electronically from 1820 to 2018. Results: A flow diagram has been developed to summarize the best approaches to deal with the authentication of coffee. Conclusions: Encouragement is given to the interlaboratory validation of spectroscopic approaches, the exploration of civet cat deoxyribonucleic acid for the identification of Kopi Luwak, and the development of appropriately large and well-curated datasets of authenticity information across multiple techniques. Highlights: The current analytical difficulties in the authentication of coffee are highlighted and suggestions made to improve the situation.
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Tannuri, Luciano Abi Rached, Everaldo Antônio Lopes, Willian Rodrigues Macedo, and Ellen Júnia Canedo. "Exogenous application of salicylic acid to control coffee rust." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 43 (March 23, 2021): e54495. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v43i1.54495.
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The exogenous application of salicylic acid can induce plant resistance against pathogens. However, little is known about the potential uses of this bioregulator for controlling coffee diseases. In this study, we assessed the effect of applying salicylic acid (SA – 150 mg L-1) on the management of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) in a 7-year-old coffee plantation with low crop load (651.6 kg ha-1 in 2017). For comparison, plants were sprayed with protectant fungicide (copper hydroxide – CH) and standard fungicides (SF) used by local farmers (boscalid, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, and copper hydroxide). Non-treated plants were included as a negative control. Five monthly applications were performed from November 2016 to March 2017. Rust incidence and severity, defoliation, and growth of plagiotropic branches were evaluated monthly. The activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total proteins was assessed one day after the first, third, and fifth product applications. Compared to untreated plants, SA reduced the severity and incidence of rust from 36.3 to 54.7%, while CH and SF reduced disease from 31.8 to 54.6% and from 83.8 to 88%, respectively. SA reduced defoliation by 54.1%. SA increased the concentration of CAT, APX, and SOD after the first application. However, this effect was not observed after subsequent applications. Foliar application of SA reduces the severity and incidence of coffee rust and defoliation in plants with a low crop load.
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Andrade, Camila Cristina Lage de, Rayssa Pereira Vicentin, Josineide Rodrigues Costa, Fabiano José Perina, Mario Lúcio Vilela de Resende, and Eduardo Alves. "Alterations in antioxidant metabolism in coffee leaves infected by Cercospora coffeicola." Ciência Rural 46, no. 10 (June 27, 2016): 1764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150938.
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ABSTRACT: Brown eye spot (BE) caused by Cercospora coffeicola is the main disease of coffee crop. A variation in symptoms of BE has been reported in the field, raising suspicion of occurrence of new species. However, information about coffee- C. coffeicola interaction is still limited. This research aimed to determine the difference between antioxidant metabolism of coffee plants cultivar Mundo Novo inoculated with a strain isolated from a common BE lesion (CML 2984) and a strain isolated from a black BE lesion (CML 2985). The enzyme activity of peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were determined. Activities of POX, APX, and PAL increased in plants inoculated with both strains compared to non-inoculated plants at 12 and 24 hours post inoculation (hpi). CAT activity increased in inoculated plants with black BE strain at 24 hpi and both strains at 48 hpi. The SOD activity only increased in inoculated plants with both strains at 48 hpi. These results show that an elevated antioxidant response was observed when the plants were challenged with both strains of C. coffeicola. Both strains produced lesions of the common type, suggesting that other factors lead to the development of black BE lesion type under field conditions and further investigation is needed.
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Galiguis, J., M. C. Gómez, C. E. Pope, B. L. Dresser, and S. P. Leibo. "74 MECHANICAL DELIPIDATION IMPROVES CRYOSURVIVAL AND IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF VITRIFIED CAT OOCYTES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab74.
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Although considerable progress has been made in the development of successful methods for cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes are much less cryotolerant. There appears to be an inverse relationship between cryosurvival and intracellular lipid levels. For example, cat oocytes, which appear microscopically as coffee-coloured, nearly opaque spheres due to their high lipid content, are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation. Oocyte delipidation thus represents a potential approach to improving cryosurvival. The objectives of the present study were to examine 1) the effects of calcium (Ca2+, 0 v. 10 nM), FBS (0 v. 10%), and cytochalasin B (CB, 7.5 v. 20.0 μg mL–1) during mechanical delipidation by high-speed centrifugation on in vitro development of IVM cat oocytes, and 2) the influence of centrifugation, degree of lipid polarization (partial v. full), and co-culture with cat fetal fibroblasts (CFF) on in vitro development of vitrified IVM cat oocytes. In Experiment 1, oocytes were randomly allocated to each centrifugation medium and centrifuged at 12 000 × g for 20 min. Oocytes were then fertilized with epididymal sperm (motile sperm mL–1) and cultured until Day 8 (Pope et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 59–71). In Experiment 2, oocytes were centrifuged with the optimal centrifugation medium obtained in experiment 1, allocated to each treatment and vitrified in a solution of 15% DMSO, 15% ethylene glycol, and 18% sucrose (2008 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 20, 188). Liquified oocytes were fertilized and cultured until Day 8. In both experiments, cleavage and degeneration rates were determined on Day 2 and blastocyst development on Day 8. Data were analysed by 2-way ANOVA and chi-square tests. In Experiment 1, of 939 oocytes that were centrifuged and fertilized, 40% of those treated in 0 nM Ca2+ cleaved and 22% developed into blastocysts, v. 33 and 6%, respectively, in 10 nM Ca2+ (P < 0.05). The respective cleavage and degeneration frequencies for oocytes treated in 10% FBS were 43 and 19% v. 19 and 3% in 0% FBS (P < 0.05). Cleavage and blastocyst development after treatment with 7.5 and 20.0 μg mL–1 CB were 36 and 15% v. 42 and 22%, respectively. In Experiment 2, 493 oocytes were vitrified/liquified and fertilized. The degeneration, cleavage, and blastocyst rates of non-centrifuged oocytes were 49, 21, and 0% v. 31 (P < 0.05), 38 (P < 0.05), and 7%, respectively, of centrifuged oocytes. Of centrifuged oocytes with partially extruded lipids, 34% degenerated, 34% cleaved, and 4% developed into blastocysts v. 29, 42, and 10%, respectively, of oocytes with fully extruded lipids. Degeneration, cleavage and blastocyst rates of co-cultured v. control oocytes were 18, 36, and 10%, v. 26 (P < 0.05), 34, and 3%, respectively. In summary, cryotolerance of domestic cat oocytes to vitrification was 1) affected by their lipid content, and 2) improved by mechanical reduction of intracellular lipids. When oocytes were fully delipidated in Ca2+-free medium containing 10% FBS and 20.0 μg mL–1 CB before vitrification and co-cultured after IVF with CFF, blastocyst development was similar to that of control, non-vitrified oocytes.
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Mohd Noor Keeflee, Siti Nurathirah Kamaliah, Wan Nur Azra Wan Mohd Zain, Muhammad Nuruddin Mohd Nor, Nurul’ Ain Jamion, and Soon Kong Yong. "Growth and metal uptake of spinach with application of co-compost of cat manure and spent coffee ground." Heliyon 6, no. 9 (September 2020): e05086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05086.
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Ghanem, Aml, Osama M. Abonama, Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud, Mokhtar M. El-Zawahry, and Dalia Elebeedy. "Symbiotic effect of lactobacillus acidophilus, Ginger, Pineapple and Green Coffee in the complex management of obesity in rats." EJMM-Volume 30-Issue 1 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51429/ejmm30118.
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Background: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease associated with having excess body fat that could be influenced by many factors. Our study aimed to assess the powerful effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus alone or combined (symbiotic) with Prebiotic such as Ginger, Pineapple and Green Coffee as anti-obesity agents. Methodology: Using 8 groups (10 rats each) of Sprague-Dawley rats, Group 1 was kept as a negative control, Group 2 positive control, while other groups were orally given Lactobacillus acidophilus, Ginger, Pineapple and Green Coffee individually and in combination with Probiotics, for 45 days till the end of the experiment while the body weight of rats was recorded.Blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters analysis and organs were dissected and homogenized to analyze obesity-related biomarkers, Results: Our results revealed that either individual or mixed administration of this pro and prebiotics decreased the body and organs, specifically those treated with the mixture or probiotic and prebiotic, also serum (HDL), CAT), and (SOD) was decreased (P <0.05), while other biochemical parameters (T.G), (CHOL), (U.A), (Creat), Urea, (GOT),(GPT) and (ALP); ( significantly (P<0.05) was decreased when compared with the positive control group, Nevertheless, the histopathological examination showed the reduction of adipose tissue in kidney, liver, and Pancreas showed overestimate reductions in the percentage of body fat. Conclusions: This study showed a promising effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus when it combined with these plants as natural feed additives on obesity.
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Kharisma, Bayu, and Yudha Hadian Nur. "Penentuan Komoditas Perkebunan Unggulan di Provinsi Jawa Barat." Media Trend 14, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 73–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/mediatrend.v14i1.4779.
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This paper aims to analyze superior plantation commodities in West Java Province, identify plantation superior commodities according to current potential aspects and future prospects and develop strategies for developing plantation superior commodities as a basis for reference to the direction of plantation development policies in West Java Province. The methodology used in this study is the Exponential Comparison Method (MPE) and the Borda Method to determine the potential of superior plantation commodity products. The next stage is to do projections (forecasting) by mapping the various commodities based on the results of the assessment of the current prospect and potential factors. Finally, formulate a variety of alternative strategies based on current potential and future prospects. Coffee plants are the main superior commodity belonging to the strategic commodity group of plantations in West Java. Furthermore, sugar palm plants are designated as the main superior prospective commodity. Finally, the indigofera plant is the main specific superior commodity determined based on the results of the Exponential Comparison Method (MPE). The mapping results and projections for strategic plantation commodities in West Java Province that have future prospects based on current potentials are coffee and deep coconut plants. Prospective commodity plantations in West Java Province that have future prospects based on current potential, namely sugar palm, pepper, patchouli and nutmeg, while local specific superior commodities of plantations in West Java have good prospects and high potential, namely indigofera, lemongrass fragrant, and mustache cat. The results of ranking and mapping or the position of strategic plantation commodities can be determined by several strategies which include short-term, medium-term and long-term development strategies.
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Ardila, Dinda Dara, Titin Agustina, and Sri Subekti. "SALURAN DAN MARGIN PEMASARAN KOPI CAP LERENG TANCAK KEMBAR DI DESA ANDUNGSARI KECAMATAN PAKEM KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO." SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 15, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v15i2.27430.
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<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Arabica and robusta coffees as the agricultural commodities are cultivated in Pakem sub-district, Bondowoso regency. One of the companies processing arabica and robusta coffees in Bondowoso is Lereng Tancak Kembar agroindustry. However, the agroindustry often experiences some obstacles to market its products because road access to the area is quite difficult, so the condition increases transportation costs. Therefore, it is necessary to know about the marketing channel of Lereng Tancak Kembar, so it affects the price and margin of coffee marketing to the last consumers. The reserach area was determined purposively. Descriptive data analysis was used to analyze the coffee marketing channel, and marketing margin analysis was used to know the coffee marketing margin. The findings indicated that: (1) the marketing of Lereng Tancak Kembar coffee had four marketing channels, consisting of two Arabica coffee marketing channels and two robusta coffee marketing channels. The first marketing channel of arabica coffee included: agroindustry - sales - retailers - consumers. The second marketing channel included: agroindustry - retailers - consumers. The first marketing channel of robusta coffee included: agro-industry - sales - retailers - consumers. The second marketing channels of robusta coffees included: agroindustry - retailers - consumers. (2) the marketing margin for the first channel of arabica coffee was Rp. 86,660.00, and the second channel was Rp. 53,330.00. The marketing margin for the first channel of robusta coffee was Rp. 100,000.00, and the second channel was Rp. 85,000.00.</em><em> </em><em></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Kopi arabika dan kopi robusta merupakan komoditas pertanian yang banyak dibudidayakan di Kecamatan Pakem Kabupaten Bondowoso. Salah satu perusahaan yang mengolah kopi arabika dan kopi robusta di daerah tersebut adalah agroindustri Lereng Tancak Kembar. Namun agroindustri tersebut sering mengalami hambatan untuk memasarkan produknya dikarenakan akses jalan ke daerah tersebut cukup sulit sehingga meningkatkan biaya transportasi, maka perlu diketahui bagaimana saluran pemasaran kopi cap Lereng Tancak Kembar, sehingga akan mempengaruh terhadap harga dan margin pemasaran kopi pada konsumen akhir. Penentuan daerah penelitian menggunakan metode secara sengaja. Analisis data secara diskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis saluran pemasaran kopi, dan analisis margin pemasaran digunakan untuk mengetahui margin pemasaran kopi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pemasaran kopi cap Lereng Tancak Kembar memiliki empat saluran pemasaran, terdiri dari dua saluran pemasaran kopi arabika dan dua saluran pemasaran kopi robusta. Saluran pemasaran 1 kopi arabika meliputi: agroindustri - <em>sales</em> - pedagang pengecer - konsumen akhir. Saluran pemasaran 2 kopi arabika meliputi: agroindustri - pedagang pengecer - konsumen akhir. Saluran pemasaran 1 kopi robusta meliputi: agroindustri - sales - pedagang pengecer - konsumen akhir. Saluran pemasaran 2 kopi robusta meliputi: agroindustri - pedagang pengecer - konsumen akhir, (2) margin pemasaran kopi arabika saluran 1 sebesar Rp. 86.660,00, dan saluran 2 sebesar Rp. 53.330,00, serta margin pemasaran kopi robusta saluran 1 sebesar Rp. 100.000,00, dan saluran 2 sebesar Rp. 85.000,00.</p>
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Campera, Marco, Katherine Hedger, Hélène Birot, Sophie Manson, Michela Balestri, Budiadi Budiadi, Muhammad Ali Imron, Vincent Nijman, and K. A. I. Nekaris. "Does the Presence of Shade Trees and Distance to the Forest Affect Detection Rates of Terrestrial Vertebrates in Coffee Home Gardens?" Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158540.
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Complex agroforestry systems can host similar biodiversity levels to adjacent continuous forests and can offer important ecosystem services for wildlife. Species inhabiting adjacent forests, as well as species that prefer agroforestry systems, can benefit from this habitat matrix. It is necessary, however, to understand the species-specific adaptability to such a complex matrix. Indonesia is a biodiversity hotspot and hosts many endemic species that are threatened with extinction. Its human population relies heavily on agriculture, meaning that finding a balance between crop productivity and biodiversity is key for the long-term sustainability of local communities and wildlife. We aim to determine the influence of the presence of shade trees and distance to the forest on the detection rates of wildlife in coffee home gardens. In West Java, Indonesia, we monitored 23 gardens between April 2018 and March 2021 via camera traps, totalling 3856 days of monitoring in shade-grown and 3338 days in sun-exposed gardens. We also collected data in the nearby montane rainforest, totalling 1183 days of monitoring. We used Generalized Additive Models to estimate the influence of shade cover and distance to the forest on the detection rates of wildlife. The Sunda leopard cat Prionailurus javanensis was found more frequently in shade-grown gardens and used both the forest and agroforest matrix. Wild boars Sus scrofa mostly occurred in gardens adjacent to the forest, while barred buttonquails Turnix suscitator were associated with gardens far (>1 km) from the forest. Several species (civets Viverricula indica and Paradoxus musangus javanicus, Horsfield’s treeshrew Tupaia javanica, Javan ferret badger Melogale orientalis, Javan mongoose Herpestes javanicus) were not influenced by shade cover and distance to the forest, suggesting they are well adapted to the agroforestry system. Still, species of high conservation importance, such as Javan leopard Panthera pardus melas, Sunda porcupine Hystrix javanica, and grizzled langur Presbytis comata, were present in the forest but not in the agroforest, suggesting that the replacement of the forest by the agroforestry matrix is still detrimental. Nevertheless, it is important to maintain the complexity of the agroforestry system and connectivity with the neighbouring continuous forest to favour the long-term sustainability of this environment and the conservation of endemic species.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cat coffee"
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Stone, Christopher. "Car stickers and coffee mugs : a study of football and everyday life." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2012. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20821/.
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This is an investigation of football as part of everyday life. It is an attempt to move the focus away from the footballing 'other' and concentrate on the mundane ways in which football culture is sustained as an unspectacular part of people's daily lives. It asks how the consumption of football and the enactment of football culture help to make everyday life more, or less, manageable. It explores the ways in which football's ubiquity is felt beyond explicit identifications as fans or supporters. The embedded nature of football as a part of the everyday has an effect on the lives of family members, work colleagues, friends and acquaintances. These relations are reinforced by football's presence within the powerful and ubiquitous contemporary cultural formations of celebrity, family life and social networks, all of which are also fundamental aspects of everyday life. Adopting Bauman's concept of liquid modernity, football is examined as part of a more fluid way of life in contemporary Britain. Questions are asked about how everyday life is made possible in such a world by seeing football culture as both constituted by and constituting of everyday life. The two main aims are to highlight the ordinary ways in which football is embedded in people's daily lives and to explore how football makes use of solid renditions of the world in making it more appealing to liquid modern living. The research utilises an unconventional methodological strategy. Through the creation of a dialogue between the epistemological views of Zygmunt Bauman and everyday life theorists such as Henri Lefebvre, Michel de Certeau, the Surrealists and their contemporaries the topic is explored through the development of a heurmeneutic sociology. This operationalises the concept of the social researcher as flaneur which takes the researcher's own everyday life as a central resource for the exploration of other people's daily lives. The result is an impressionistic account of football culture that shifts between ethnographic description, reflexive narration and sociological analysis to create a montage of daily life that is appropriate to the interpretation of liquid modern living. Football is conceived as an alternative register for exploring everyday life that challenges readers to view in new ways their own everyday lives and their relationships with football culture. The study is contextualised spatially by exploring football's presence in the home, the workplace, the public house and other transitional spaces of the city. It exposes theories of consumption, alienation, interaction, community, identity and power to the (extra) ordinary realm of people's everyday lives. The interpretation this leads to is that football has become so well embedded in daily life because it has the capacity to adapt to individuals' own needs and desires for security and freedom, belonging and individuality, at a level that is reflexively undemanding enough to succeed on a daily basis. The way it achieves this is through a combination of a history rooted in solidly modern tradition that is also celebrated and promulgated through liquid modern forms of consumption. In everyday life of liquid modernity reflexivity has become habitual, the spectacular domesticated, public/private boundaries blurred, the 'other' is a consumerist fetish, the self a commodity and community exists through consumption. Football feeds this situation through its ephemeral presence in everyday life.
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Holmgren, Robin, and Mikael Bogren. "Design av dörr till kaffeautomat : Designing a door to a coffee vending machine." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-106.
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This report was written as a result of a Bachelor Degree Project at the School of Technology and Society at University of Skövde spring 2007, together with Jede AB in Mariestad. The report covers the development of a door to a coffee vending machine that is under construction, and will in a chronological order describe the project from ideas to final product.
The project started with a rather extensive feasibility study that thru market research and user tests sorted out the opinions of potential customers, concerning today’s available assortment. Technical areas concerning materials and manufacturing methods were also scrutinized for the consideration of the possibilities of a future production.
The next step was to constructively generate ideas and thoughts that later on could grow to be potential solutions. After several weeks of hard work and pieces of good advice and recommendations from the assigner, four comprehensive concepts were built up. After a deliberation, the project group at Jede determined to proceed with one of the concepts.
This concept was modeled in the CAD program Pro Engineer, and was later on used to produce a full-scale model of the door. After having evaluated the prototype and making the door compatible with the components that were to be used, a satisfying result approached.
When the project was brought to its end, all material was handed over to the assigner, including a computer model that will be used to manufacture moulding forms. If everything goes as planned, the coffee vending machine will be available on the market during the beginning of 2008.
To sum up the project a discussion concerning the assignment and all its matters will be brought up in the end of this report.
Denna rapport har skrivits i samband med ett examensarbete i integrerad produktutveckling på designingenjörsprogrammet vid Högskolan i Skövde våren 2007, i samarbete med Jede AB i Mariestad. Rapporten behandlar framtagningen av en ny dörr till en kaffeautomat som konstrueras på företaget, och beskriver projektet i kronologisk ordning från idé till färdig produkt.
Projektet startade med relativt omfattande förstudie som utforskade vad företagets potentiella kunder tyckte om det sortiment som finns på marknaden idag. Även tekniska områden berörande material och tillverkningsmetoder granskades för att få klarhet i vilket utbud som möjliggjorde en framtida produktion av dörren.
Med en stadig grund att stå på inleddes idégenereringsfasen, vilken innebär att på ett konstruktivt sätt ta fram en mängd olika idéer att sedan arbeta vidare med. Efter att ha fått fingervisningar, råd och rekommendationer från företaget stod efter flera veckors arbete fyra koncept klara. Koncepten överlämnades till projektgruppen på Jede som efter överläggning valde ut ett koncept att gå vidare med.
Det slutgiltiga konceptet modellerades upp och bearbetades i CAD programmet Pro Engineer, vilket senare ledde till framtagning av en fullskalig prototyp. Efter att ha utvärderat prototypen och gjort dörren kompatibel med de komponenter som skulle ingå, närmades ett tillfredsställande resultat.
När projektet avslutades överlämnades material som var klart för verktygstillverkning, och om projektet fortskrider i planerad takt kommer automaten att finnas ute på marknaden under första kvartalet 2008.
Avslutningsvis diskuteras utvecklingsgruppens egna åsikter om projektupplägget och samarbetet med uppdragsgivaren, resultatet och tiden som följer efter projektets avslut.
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JACINTHO, Jo?o Luiz. "Zonas de manejo na cafeicultura de precis?o." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1454.
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CAPESThe delimitation of management zones consists on grouping regions with similar characteristics, making possible a better administration of inputs.This work was developed in Brej?o farm, in Tr?s Pontas, Minas Gerais state, in a 22 hectares coffee (C offea arabica L.) Top?zio (MG 1190) farm area, planted at December 2005, with a spacing of 3,8 meters between lines and 0,8 meters between plants, totalizing 3,289 plants per hectare. The area soil was classified as Latossolo Vermelho Distr?fico Argiloso and the local weather is characterized as bland, highly tropical, with moderate temperatures, hot and rained summer, classified by K?ppen as Cwa. The study area was sampled on a regular grid, using topographic GPS receivers, with samples farbetween 57 per 57 meters, totalizing 64 georeferenced samples (medium of 2,9 points per hectare). This study aims apply precision agriculture techniques in coffee cultivation, using correlation analysis to define management zones. Were evaluated chemistry soil attributes, agronomic plant characteristics and coffee yield. Chemistry soil evaluated were: soil pH, phosphorus availability (P), reminiscent phosphorus (Prem), potassium availability (K), changeable calcium (Ca 2+) , changeable magnesium (Mg 2+ ), changeable aluminum (Al 3+) , potential acidity (H + Al), aluminum saturation (m), potential cation exchange capacity (T), effective cation exchange capacity (t), sum of bases (SB), base saturation (V) and organic matter (OM). Agronomic plant characteristics evaluated were: coffee yield, maturation index, leafiness, plant height and crown diameter. Altitude was analyzed too. Descriptive analysis was applied on data followed by correlation analysis between soil attributes, agronomic plant characteristics and coffee yield. Variables who demonstrate potential to define management zones were analyzed by geostatistics to verify spatial dependence. Results showed that were possible define the attributes more related to coffee yield (level, crown diameter and phosphorus) and confirmed the correlation analysis, these attributes when used to define management zones, showed influence on coffee yield medium. Methodology adopted seems to be suitable on pattern recognition of attributes correlated with coffee yield. Was possible verify correlation between soil and plant attributes with coffee yield and define management zones in coffee cultivation, using the variables: level, phosphorus and crown diameter. Precision coffee cultivation showed the importance in soil and plant management, looking for improves techniques and field operations to guarantee the good development of the plant cultivation.
A delimita??o de zonas de manejo consiste no agrupamento de regi?es com caracter?sticas semelhantes, possibilitando a administra??o mais precisa de insumos. Este trabalho foi elaborado na Fazenda Brej?o, localizada no munic?pio de Tr?s Pontas ? MG, em uma ?rea de 22 hectares de lavoura de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) da cultivar Top?zio (MG 1190), transplantada em dezembro de 2005, no espa?amento de 3,8m entre linhas e 0,8m entre plantas, totalizando 3,289 plantas.ha 1. O solo da ?rea foi classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Distr?fico Argiloso e o clima do local ? caracterizado como ameno, tropical de altitude, com temperaturas moderadas, ver?o quente e chuvoso, classificado por K?ppen como Cwa. Demarcou-se na ?rea em estudo, com a utiliza??o de receptores GPS topogr?ficos uma malha amostral regular, com pontos espa?ados de 57 x 57 m, totalizando 64 pontos amostrais georreferenciados (em m?dia 2,9 pontos por hectare). O estudo teve como objetivo aplicar t?cnicas de agricultura de precis?o no cafeeiro, utilizando an?lise de correla??o na defini??o de zonas de manejo. Utilizou-se o m?todo de an?lise descritiva dos dados seguido da an?lise de correla??o entre os atributos de solo, as caracter?sticas agron?micas das plantas e produtividade. Foram avaliados atributos qu?micos de solo, caracter?sticas agron?micas das plantas e produtividade do cafeeiro. Os atributos qu?micos do solo avaliados foram: pH do solo, disponibilidade de F?sforo (P), F?sforo remanescente (Prem), disponibilidade de Pot?ssio (K), C?lcio Troc?vel (Ca 2+ ), Magn?sio Troc?vel (Mg 2+ ), Acidez Troc?vel (Al 3+), Acidez Potencial (H + Al), Satura??o por Alum?nio (m), CTC potencial (T), CTC efetiva (t), Soma de Bases (SB), Satura??o por Base (V) e Mat?ria org?nica (MO). As caracter?sticas agron?micas das plantas avaliadas foram: produtividade, ?ndice de matura??o, enfolhamento, altura da planta e di?metro de copa. A altitude tamb?m foi analisada. As vari?veis que se mostraram candidatas a refer?ncias na defini??o de zonas de manejo foram analisadas atrav?s da geoestat?stica, para verificar sua depend?ncia espacial. Os resultados mostram que foi poss?vel definir os atributos que mais se relacionaram com a produtividade (altitude, di?metro de copa e f?sforo) e confirmando os resultados da an?lise de correla??o, as vari?veis altitude, f?sforo e di?metro de copa, quando utilizadas na defini??o de zonas de manejo influenciaram a m?dia da produtividade. A integra??o metodol?gica adotada para definir zonas de manejo mostrou-se adequada para o reconhecimento de padr?es de agrupamento nas vari?veis que estiveram correlacionadas com a produtividade. Foi poss?vel verificar a correla??o dos atributos do solo e das caracter?sticas agron?micas das plantas com a produtividade e definir as zonas de manejo na cultura do cafeeiro, utilizando as vari?veis altitude, di?metro de copa e f?sforo (P). A utiliza??o da cafeicultura de precis?o se mostrou muito importante no manejo do solo e da planta visando o melhoramento de t?cnicas e opera??es de campo que garantam o bom desenvolvimento da cultura.
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Ribeiro, Juliana Martins. "Estudo da composi??o qu?mica e das atividades antioxidante e antibacteriana dos ?leos extra?dos dos gr?os de caf? (Coffea arabica) cru e torrado." UFVJM, 2015. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/817.
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O caf? ? gr?o composto por uma variedade de subst?ncias, as quais conferem sabor e aroma ? bebida, dentre os quais, podem-se citar prote?nas, carboidratos e lip?dios. Essa fra??o lip?dica, quando extra?da do gr?o de caf? cru, ? utilizada, por exemplo, como emoliente em formula??es farmac?uticas e, quando do gr?o torrado, como aditivos em alimentos, para conferir aroma e sabor. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o de caracterizar quimicamente e avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antibacteriana dos ?leos extra?dos dos gr?os de caf? cru e torrado. Para isso, os gr?os foram submetidos a uma extra??o em aparato Soxhlet, durante seis horas, utilizando ?ter de petr?leo como solvente extrator. Ap?s o tempo decorrido, evaporou-se o solvente remanescente com nitrog?nio gasoso, obtendo-se os ?leos, que foram acondicionados e armazenados em geladeira at? o memento das an?lises. Observou-se que os gr?os de caf? torrado apresentaram maior teor de ?leo que o gr?o de caf? cru, 26,01% e 4,64 %, respectivamente. Apresentando o primeiro, cheiro e cor caracter?sticos de caf? e, o segundo, uma colora??o verde e cheiro de vegeta??o. As caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas avaliadas, mostraram que os ?leos estudados apresentaram resultados compar?veis a outros ?leos convencionais. Com rela??o ao teor de ?cidos graxos, os ?leos obtiveram como majorit?rios, os ?cidos linoleico (C18:2), palm?tico (C16:0) e oleico (C18:1) e, ambos s?o fontes ?cidos graxos insaturados. O ?leo de caf? cru apresentou maior quantidade de fitoester?is totais, sendo que nos dois, a ordem foi ?-sitosterol > estigmasterol > campesterol > brassicasterol. Ao contr?rio, o ?leo de caf? torrado foi o que se mostrou com maior concentra??o de tocofer?is, com predomin?ncia do is?mero ?-tocoferol. O ?leo de caf? cru apresentou maior quantidade de ?-tocoferol. Os compostos fen?licos totais tamb?m foram quantificados, e o ?leo de caf? torrado foi o com maior concentra??o. Com rela??o ? atividade antioxidante, o ?leo de caf? cru foi mais eficiente na captura do radical DPPH, enquanto que o torrado, frente aos m?todos ABTS e FRAP. A atividade antibacteriana evidenciou que, dentre as bact?rias testadas, a P. aeruginosa foi a mais sens?vel frente aos ?leos testados, apresentando halos de inibi??o pelo m?todo de difus?o em ?gar, mas quando analiada, foi resistente aos ?leos. A CIM foi determinada e observou-se que as menores concentra??es foram as que tiveram inibi??o do crescimento bacteriano. Diante do exposto, pode-se concluir que os ?leos de caf? cru e torrado s?o boas fontes de compostos bioativos, e suas composi??es, justificam seus usos nas ind?strias de v?rios segmentos.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.
ABSTRACT Coffee beans is composed of a variety of substances, which give flavor and aroma to the drink, among which may be mentioned proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. This lipid fraction, when extracted from raw coffee beans, is used, for example, in pharmaceutical formulations as an emollient and when the roasted grain, as additives in foods for imparting aroma and flavor. The objective of this study was to characterize chemically and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the oils extracted from raw and roasted coffee beans. To this end, the grains were subjected to a Soxhlet extraction apparatus for six hours using petroleum ether as solvent extractor. After the elapsed time, it evaporates the remaining solvent with nitrogen gas to give oils which were packed and stored in refrigerator until analysis of memento. It has been observed that roasted coffee beans had higher oil content than the raw coffee beans, 26.01% and 4.64%, respectively. Introducing the first and characteristic smell of coffee color, and the second, a green color and smell of vegetation. The physico-chemical characteristics evaluated showed that the oils studied showed results comparable to other conventional oils. With respect to the content of fatty acids, oils obtained as the major, linoleic (C18: 2), palmitic (C16: 0) and oleic (C18: 1), and both are unsaturated fatty acids sources. The green coffee oil showed a higher amount of total phytosterols, and in both, the order was ?-sitosterol> stigmasterol> campesterol> brassicasterol. Rather, the roasted coffee oil was found that with higher concentrations of tocopherols, predominantly ?-tocopherol isomer. The green coffee oil had higher amounts of ?-tocopherol. The phenolic compounds have also been quantified, and the roasted coffee oil was the highest concentration. With respect to the antioxidant activity, the raw coffee oil was more efficient in capturing the DPPH radical, while the roasted, compared to ABTS and FRAP methods. The antibacterial activity showed that among the tested bacteria, P. aeruginosa was the most sensitive against the tested oils, with halos of inhibition by agar diffusion method, but when analiada, was resistant to oils. The MIC was determined and it was observed that lower concentrations were those who had bacterial growth inhibition. Given the above, it can be concluded that raw and roasted coffee oils are good sources of bioactive compounds and their compositions, justify their use in industries of several segments. Key ? words: Coffea arabica, coffee oils, toco
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Bezerra, Caroline de Andrade. "Plantas de caf?? GM para resist??ncia a broca-do-caf??: avalia????o de biosseguran??a alimentar." Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, 2013. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2084.
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Coffee is in international and Brazilian economical scenery as the second most important natural commodity. Despite that, coffee crops suffer great damage due to the coleopteran coffee borer (Hypothenemus hampei) attack leading to around US$ 500 million loss. In order to control the coffee borer, one strategy is the inhibition of the insect digestive enzyme ??-amylase by Phaseolus vulgaris amylase inhibitor 1 (??AI1). In this context, the research group of Plant-pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory developed GM coffee (Coffea arabica) plants expressing the P. vulgaris ??AI1 gene. This is a promising event to be used in coffee borer control by inhibiting starch insect digestion. However, releasing a GM crop for commercialization and human consumption is possible only after assessing food and environmental safety status, based on international and national procedures. This work is divided in two chapters. In the first chapter is presented the isolation of an amylase cDNA from H. hampei, designated AmyHha. The highest transcript levels of this amylase coincide with the feeding stages of insect, the second instar and adult stage. The Southern blot analysis showed the presence of only one copy of the AmyHha in the H. hampei genome. Finally, was carried out the construction of a structural model based on the AmyHha predicted protein sequence. In the second chapter, food safety of GM coffee crops expressing P. vulgaris ???-AI1 was evaluated. First, the evaluation of allergenic potential of GM coffee grains expressing ???-AI1 and the study of hemolytic effect and thermostability using coffee grains suggest absence of feeding risks concerning cytotoxic effects and inhibition of ???-AI1 after heat treatment. Otherwise, in vitro resistance to digestibility and in silico analysis suggest an allergenic risk of GM coffee grains due to ???-AI1 expression. Thus more investigation must be carried out in order to clarify allergenicity risks and in vivo consequences of this GM coffee grain consumption.
O caf?? destaca-se no cen??rio econ??mico nacional e internacional como a segunda maior ???commodity??? natural. No entanto, a cultura cafeeira apresenta grandes perdas monet??rias em torno de US$ 500 milh??es por ano devido ao ataque da broca-do-caf?? (Hypothenemus hampei). Uma estrat??gia para o controle do H. hampei ?? a inibi????o da enzima digestiva ???-amilase deste inseto pelo inibidor de ???-amilase 1 (???-AI1) de Phaseolus vulgaris. Assim, o grupo de pesquisa do Laborat??rio de Intera????o Molecular Planta-Praga desenvolveu plantas de caf?? Coffea arabica geneticamente modificadas (GM) expressando o gene para o ???-AI1 de P. vulgaris. Entretanto, a libera????o de plantas GM para comercializa????o e consumo humano s?? ?? poss??vel ap??s avalia????es de seguran??a alimentar e ambiental. Esta tese ?? dividida em dois cap??tulos. No primeiro cap??tulo ?? apresentado o isolamento de um cDNA de uma amilase de H. hampei ??? AmyHha. Os maiores n??veis de transcritos desta amilase coincide com as fases de alimenta????o do inseto, o segundo instar larval e a fase adulta. A an??lise por Southern blot demonstrou a presen??a de apenas uma c??pia de AmyHha no genoma do inseto, por fim realizou-se uma constru????o do modelo estrutural com base na sequencia proteica predita de AmyHha. No segundo cap??tulo que trata da avalia????o de seguran??a alimentar de plantas C. arabica GM expressando o inibidor de ???-AI1 de P. vulgaris, o estudo de efeito hemol??tico e termoestabilidade com os gr??os de caf?? GM sugerem a aus??ncia de risco alimentar quanto aos efeitos citot??xicos e inibi????o pelo ???-AI1 ap??s tratamento t??rmico. J?? a resist??ncia ?? digestibilidade in vitro e as an??lises in silico sugerem um potencial risco alerg??nico dos gr??os de caf?? GM devido ?? express??o do ???-AI1. Entretanto, mais investiga????es devem ser realizadas para maiores esclarecimentos quanto ao risco de alergenicidade dos gr??os de caf?? GM expressando ???-AI1 e as consequ??ncias de seu consumo in vivo.
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Reis, Lilian Alves Carvalho. "Influ?ncia do glyphosate na anatomia e fisiologia de cultivares de caf? ar?bica." UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/285.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
O manejo das plantas daninhas possui grande import?ncia para a manuten??o dos n?veis produtivos da cultura do caf?. O herbicida mais utilizado mundialmente na cultura do caf? ? o glyphosate, por possuir alta efici?ncia e ser mais barato. Ele atua inibindo a enzima 5-enolpiruvilshiquimato, respons?vel pela produ??o de tr?s amino?cidos tirosina, fenilalanina, tryptofano. Influenciando assim a produ??o de metabolitos secund?rios, inclusive os relacionados a forma??o das estruturas anat?micas, metabolitos de defesa e fotoss?ntese. Objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos da deriva simulada de glyphosate sobre a anatomia e fisiologia de cultivares de caf? arabica. Para isso, fez-se tr?s avalia??es diferenciadas visando avaliar modifica??es primeiramente morfoanat?micas, depois concentra??es de fen?is totais, flavon?ides, cafe?na e por ultimo, floresc?ncia, concentra??es de clorofilas e quantifica??es de est?matos. O experimento foi instalado em esquema fatorial (3 x 5), com tr?s cultivares de caf? MGS Travessia, Oeiras MG 6851 e Catua? IAC 144, e cinco doses de glyphosate (0,0; 57,6; 115,2; 230,4 e 460,8 g ha-1), em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeti??es. Trinta dias ap?s a aplica??o, foram coletadas doze folhas rec?m-expandidas do ?ltimo ramo plagiotr?pico do cafeeiro, quatro folhas para as analises anat?micas, quatro para as analises de concentra??es de fen?is, flavonoides, cafe?na e as quatro ultimas para a quantifica??o estom?tica. Nas analises morfoanat?micas observou-se os seguintes resultados: ocorreram sintomas de intoxica??o como estreitamento foliar e clorose nas folhas mais jovens das plantas. Com o aumento da dose de glyphosate, a cultivar Catua? sofreu redu??o na espessura foliar total, enquanto, que para as demais ocorreu incremento nesta caracter?stica. Para as vari?veis epiderme adaxial, epiderme abaxial e par?nquima lacunoso, ocorreu decr?scimo de espessura, contudo ocorreu aumento da espessura do par?nquima lacunoso com aumento das doses de glyphosate. Pode-se concluir que as tr?s cultivares quando submetidas ? deriva de glyphosate sofrem modifica??es morfoanat?micas. Com a redu??o do par?nquima pali??dico ocorre redu??o da taxa fotossint?tica e consequente redu??o do crescimento e produ??o do caf?. Para as analises de concentra??es de fen?is, flavon?ides e cafe?na, observou-se os seguintes resultados: com aumento das doses de glyphosate houve aumento na concentra??o de fen?is totais foliares at? a dose de 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate, para as tr?s cultivares, acima dessa dose as concentra??es de fen?is foram reduzidas. No entanto, com aumento das doses de glyphosate a concentra??o de flavon?ides diminuiu at? a dose de 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate, para as cultivares Travessia e Oeiras, acima dessa dose a concentra??o de flavon?ides para essas duas cultivares aumentaram. Ocorreu aumento da concentra??o de flavon?ides para a cultivar Catua? quando aplicado a dose de 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate, para doses mais altas ocorreu diminui??o da concentra??o de flavon?ides totais. Com aumento das doses de glyphosate, as concentra??es de cafe?na apresentaram comportamento similar entre as cultivares Oeiras e Catua?, ocorrendo diminui??o da concentra??o de cafe?na at? a dose de 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate e aumento a concentra??o de cafe?na para doses superiores. Observou-se que houve aumento na concentra??o de cafe?na para cultivar Travessia a partir de 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate. De acordo com o teste histoqu?mico todas as tr?s cultivares estudadas apresentaram maiores concentra??o de fen?is no par?nquima pali??dico ap?s a aplica??o da deriva de glyphosate. Conclui-se que, quando submetidas a subdoses de glyphosate, as cultivares analisadas apresentaram modifica??es bioqu?micas para as concentra??es de fen?is totais, flavon?ides totais e cafe?na. Com baixas doses 57,6 e 115,2 g/ ha?? de glyphosate, ocorreu aumento da concentra??o de fen?is totais aumentando assim a capacidade de defesa das cultivares, entretanto com o aumento das doses de glyphosate ocorreu redu??o da concentra??o de fen?is totais. A produ??o de flavon?ides e cafe?na possuem efeitos variados para as doses de glyphosate podendo aumentar e diminuir a concentra??o de forma independente, pois os metabolitos s?o supridos por outras rotas. Nas analises fisiol?gicas, observou-se os seguintes resultados: os valores da vari?vel fluoresc?ncia m?xima (Fm) decresceram de acordo com o aumento das doses de glyphosate, a cultivar Travessia apresentou maior decr?scimo que as demais cultivares. Para efici?ncia fotoqu?mica m?xima (Fv/Fm) ocorreu com o aumento do estresse de acordoo com o aumento das doses aplicadas do glyphosate. As concentra??es de clorofila a, b e total sofreram decr?scimo de acordo com o aumento das doses aplicadas de glyphosate. Para as vari?veis, ?ndice estom?tico e densidade estom?tica ocorreram um decr?scimo de valores de acordo com o aumento da dose aplicada de glyphosate. A cultivar Travessia apresentou maior queda de valor para o ?ndice estom?tico e densidade estom?tica. Conclui-se que as subdoses de glyphosate provocaram danos na fotoss?ntese de forma direta, pois, ocorreu diminui??o das concentra??es das clorofilas e da intensidade da fluoresc?ncia m?xima, promovendo, assim, maior estresse nas cultivares de caf?. A diminui??o do n?mero de est?matos ? mais uma das prov?veis explica??es para a influ?ncia na fotoss?ntese promovida pelo glyphosate
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.
Abstract Weed management is greatly important to keep levels of coffee production. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in the world for being of high efficiency and cheaper. Its action is on the enzyme 5enolpyruvylshikimate that is responsible for producing tyrosin, phenylalanine and tryptophan. It inhibits their production, consequently influencing the production of secondary metabolites, mainly the ones related to anatomical structures, metabolites of defense and photosynthesis. This study was carried out in order to evaluate effects of drift simulation of glyphosate on anatomy and physiology of Arabica coffee cultivars. There were three different stages of evaluations: first morphoanatomical modifications, then concentrations of total phenol, flavonoids and cafeine, and finally fluorescence, chlorophyll concentrations and stomata quantification. The experiment was arranged in a factorial scheme (3 x 5), with three coffee cultivars (MGS Travessia, Oeiras MG 6851 and Catua? IAC 144), at five glyphosate rates (0.0; 57.6; 115.2; 230.4 and 460.8 g ha-1), in a randomized block design, with four replicates. Thirty days after application, twelve recently expanded leaves from the last plagiotropic branches were collected: four for anatomical analysis, four for analysis of concentrations of total phenol, flavonoids and cafeine and four to quantify stomata. Morphoanatomical analysis showed intoxication symptoms such as foliar narrowing and chlorosis on the younger leaves were observed. Increasing glyphosate rate, the cultivar Catua? reduced its total foliar tickness, while to the others it was increased. Adaxial and abaxial epiderms and spongy parenchyma had their thickness decreased, however spongy parenchyma increased at higher rates of glyphosate. It could be concluded that the three cultivars under glyphosate drift shows morphoanatomical modifications. When palisade parenchyma is reduced, consequently photosynthetic rate, growth and coffee production reduce. Analyzing concentrations of total phenol, flavonoids and caffeine, it was observed that phenol concentration increased when glyphosate rates were increased up to 115.2 g ha-1 in all three cultivars, showing reduction at higher rates. For Travessia and Oeiras cultivars, the flavonoid concentration decreased at higher glyphosate rates, starting its increase at rates higher than 115.2 g ha-1. For Catua?, flavonoid concentration increased at 115.2 g ha-1 being reduced with higher rates. Regarding caffeine concentration, it was similar to Oeiras and Catua?. This concentration decreased at 115.2 g ha-1 and got higher at superior rates. The cultivar Travessia showed higher caffeine concentration at rates higher than 115.2 g ha-1. According to the histochemical tests, all the three cultivars present higher phenol concentration on paladise parenchyma after application of glyphosate drift. It can be conclude that, when submitted to subrates of glyphosate, cultivars shows biochemical modifications to all concentrations evaluated. At 57.6 and 115.2 g ha-1 total phenol increased providing a better capacity of defense to cultivars, however, when increasing these rates, total phenol concentration decreased. Flavonoids and caffeine production have varied effects on glyphosate rates. They can increase or decrease independently because metabolites are fulfilled by other ways. Through physiological analysis, it could be observed that values of maximum fluorescence decreased with higher glyphosate rates, and Travessia cultivar presented highest decrease. Chlorophyll concentrations a, b and total decreased according to rates increase, being harder to chlorophyll a. Values of stomatal index and stomatal density decreased when increasing glyphosate rate, being harder to cultivar Travessia. It can be concluded that subrates of glyphosate cause damage on photosynthesis because of the reduction on chlorophyll concentration and fluorescence intensity. Reduction of stomata number is also one of the features that can explain the influence promoted by glyphosate on photosynthesis.
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Barbosa, Edimilson Alves. "Crescimento e nutri??o de plantas de jovens de caf? tratadas com subdoses de glyphosate." UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/303.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o os efeitos das vias de absor??o de subdoses de glyphosate no crescimento e na nutri??o de plantas jovens de caf?. Para isso,plantas de caf? foram cultivadas em solu??o hidrop?nica durante 50 dias ap?s a aplica??o (DAA) do herbicida. O trabalho foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), com esquema fatorial 2x4 sendo o primeiro fator referente ? via de absor??o foliar e radicular e o segundo ? avalia??odo efeito das doses de glyphosate utilizadas: 0; 115,2; 230,4; e 460,8 g ha-1 correspondentes a 0; 8; 16 e 32 % da dose de 1440 g ha-1 da formula??o sal de isopropilamina, com 7 repeti??es. Os sintomas de intoxica??o foram caracterizados por clorose e estreitamento do limbo foliar e atingiram 50e 70% para a absor??o radicular e foliar, respectivamente. Com o aumento das doses do herbicida at? 460,8 g ha-1 ocorreram redu??es do comprimento do caule, do n?mero de folhas, da ?rea foliar, da raz?o de massa foliar, da rela??o parte a?rea raiz, do comprimento das ra?zes e das massas seca das folhas, do caule, das ra?zes e total. O n?mero de folhas; ?rea foliar; massa seca da raiz, caule, folha e total e a raz?o de massa foliar foram menores quando o herbicida foi absorvido pelas folhas. As vias de absor??o e as subdoses de glyphosate n?o alteraram o comportamento do K na planta, mas prejudicaram o desempenho do N, P, Ca e Mg, sendo todos os efeitos mais acentuados quando o herbicida foi absorvido pela parte a?rea em rela??o ? absor??o radicular.Conclui-se que as vias de absor??o e as subdoses de glyphosate n?o interferem no desempenho do K em plantas jovens de caf? em condi??es hidrop?nicas, mas comprometem o comportamento do N, P, Ca e Mg, reduzindo o crescimento dessas plantas. A absor??o e ou transloca??o do glyphosate ? mais eficiente quando absorvido via foliar.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.
ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of absorption pathways of reduced rates of glyphosate on growth and nutrition of young coffee plants. For this, coffee plants were grown in hydroponic solution for 50 days after application (DAA) of the herbicide. The study was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) with a 2x4 factorial design with the first factor related to the route of foliar and root absorption and the second to Assessmentmethodology effect of glyphosate doses used: 0, 115.2, 230.4; and 460.8 g ha-1 corresponding to 0, 8, 16 and 32% of the dose of 1440 g ha-1 isopropylamine salt formulation with 7 replicates. Symptoms of poisoning were characterized by chlorosis and narrowing of the leaf blade 50 and reached 70% for foliar and root uptake, respectively. With increasing rates of the herbicide to 460.8 g ha-1 occurred reductions in stem length, leaf number, leaf area, the leaf mass ratio, the root shoot ratio, the length of roots and masses dried leaves, stem, roots and all. The number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of root, stem, leaf, every and leaf weight ratio were lower when the herbicide was absorbed by the leaves. Absorption pathways and reduced rates of glyphosate did not alter the behavior of K in the plant, but impaired performance of N, P, Ca and Mg, with all the effects more pronounced when the herbicide was absorbed by the air in relation to root uptake. Conclude that the process of absorption and reduced rates of glyphosate not interfere with the performance of the K young coffee in hydroponic conditions, but compromise the behavior of N, P, Ca, Mg, reducing the growth of these plants. The uptake or translocation of glyphosate and is most effective when absorbed through the leaves.
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Severo, V?nia Marisa Niederauer Flores. "Avalia??o dos textos informativos em tr?s embalagens de caf?" Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15053.
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-19O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar uma investiga??o sobre o n?vel de clareza dos textos informativos dos r?tulos de embalagens de caf? torrado e mo?do, considerando os aspectos ling??sticos e ergon?micos presentes nos r?tulos do produto. Ling?isticamente analisar se a linguagem utilizada nos r?tulos ? adequada para a compreens?o das informa??es pelo consumidor, ainda expor como a ling??stica preconiza a organiza??o e estrutura??o dos textos a partir da classifica??o do g?nero textual. Do ponto de vista da ergonomia a pesquisa pretende identificar a conformidade ergon?mica presente nas informa??es dos r?tulos das embalagens de caf?. Devido ? evolu??o das atividades comerciais, a embalagem passou ao longo do tempo a acumular fun??es, transformando-se em um consider?vel ve?culo de comunica??o, informa??o e sedu??o do seu p?blico consumidor, por isso, a ado??o de normas adequadas relativas ?s informa??es pode evitar que o consumidor desenvolva conceitos inadequados ou at? mesmo empregue erroneamente um produto aliment?cio em sua dieta. A engenharia de produ??o considera importante a inser??o de melhores pr?ticas de produ??o e gest?o do produto nas empresas, com vistas ao aumento de sua competitividade, compatibilizando as caracter?sticas ergon?micas do produto embalagem, com as necessidades do consumidor enquanto parte integrante do processo de desenvolvimento do produto. A pesquisa prop?e, ent?o, um roteiro para avalia??o dos r?tulos de embalagens, utilizando para isso um question?rio com quest?es fechadas e uma aberta, aplicados em consumidores de caf? torrado e mo?do no momento da compra em quatro supermercados de Natal. Os principais resultados da investiga??o demonstram que os aspectos ling??sticos dos textos informativos foram considerados bons, enquanto os aspectos ergon?micos informacionais analisados podem vir a contribuir para uma melhoria visual das informa??es contidas nos r?tulos das embalagens das marcas de caf? investigadas
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Joseph, Benn P. "Social Capital, Community, and Public Libraries: An Examination Into How Coffee and Wireless Internet Access Can Increase Our Quality of Life." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/297.
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This study examines the role public libraries play in creating social capital within communities. Two sets of public libraries were selected based on their being geographically located in areas of high or low social capital. These libraries were then contacted by phone to determine whether they had wireless Internet or a café on the premises. Libraries which possessed these traits were totaled according to their level of social capital. The data was then compared to population and circulation information for the areas served by each library or library system. The results indicate that having a café and/or wireless Internet can significantly impact a community’s use of the library, though in some cases this relationship is weaker.
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Scaglioni, Maria Martha. "The Development of Brazilian Railroads: How the Brazilian Economy can Benefit from More Efficient Railroad Utilization." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244508600.
Full textBooks on the topic "Cat coffee"
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ill, Manders John, ed. The famous Nini: A mostly true story of how a plain white cat became a star. Boston: Clarion Books/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011.
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Nethery, Mary. The famous Nini: The mostly true story of a plain white cat who became a star. Boston: Clarion Books/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011.
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ill, Manders John, ed. The famous Nini: The mostly true story of a plain white cat who became a star! Boston: Clarion Books/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009.
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Mathias, Harebamungu, and Bizimana Jean-Pierre, eds. Le café et les caféiculteurs au Rwanda: Cas du district de Maraba (Butare) dans la province du Sud. Paris: Publibook, 2007.
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Broggio, Céline. Les nouveaux enjeux du développement de la caféiculture brésilienne: Le cas du Minas Gerais. Toulouse: Institut Daniel Faucher, Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, 1997.
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Googie: Fifties coffee shop architecture. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cat coffee"
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Parker, Scott F. "How Good the Coffee can be." In Coffee, 184–91. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444393385.ch14.
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Soifer, Alexander. "Coffee Hour and the Conway–Soifer Cover-Up." In How Does One Cut a Triangle?, 147–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74652-4_15.
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Möhring, Michael, Rainer Schmidt, Ralf-Christian Härting, and Christopher Reichstein. "Can Coffee Consumption Influence Business Process Modeling Behavior?" In Business Process Management Workshops, 316–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42887-1_26.
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Mata, Francisco J., Ariella Quesada, and Gabriela Mata-Marín. "Can E-Commerce Provide a Solution to the Coffee Paradox?" In ICT for Promoting Human Development and Protecting the Environment, 181–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44447-5_17.
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Favi, Claudio, Marco Marconi, Marta Rossi, and Federica Cappelletti. "Product Eco-Design in the Era of Circular Economy: Experiences in the Design of Espresso Coffee Machines." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 194–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_31.
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AbstractProduct eco-design includes several methodologies aimed at supporting companies in the development of sustainable products. Currently, this theme is assuming an important role in both the academia and industry worlds due to the increasing attention to environmental problems and the need for a transition toward circular economy business/organizational models. In this context, the present paper focuses on the industrial sector of espresso coffee machines manufacturing which has several unexploited potentialities. The analysis of the sector specificity (internal and external contexts), as well as of the product lifecycle allowed to define an eco-design framework to guide companies involved in the design and production of espresso coffee machines. Effective eco-design strategies should include the combined use of specific methods, tools and metrics to manage all the most important lifecycle phases (beginning of life, middle of life, end of life) during the design activities in order to set preventive actions that avoid future potential environmental impacts. Only in this way, the environmental and economic benefits of the circular economy paradigm (e.g. remanufacturing/reuse of selected components) can be practically exploited in real industrial contexts. The presented case studies confirmed that the application of design for disassembly rules positively contributes to increase the product performances during maintenance and end of life, while a re-design oriented to component modularity could be a key strategy to pursue remanufacturing for boilers, a key and expensive component included in espresso coffee machines.
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Reetsch, Anika, Didas Kimaro, Karl-Heinz Feger, and Kai Schwärzel. "Traditional and Adapted Composting Practices Applied in Smallholder Banana-Coffee-Based Farming Systems: Case Studies from Kagera and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 165–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_8.
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AbstractIn Tanzania, about 90% of the banana-coffee-based farming systems lie in the hands of smallholder farmer families. In these systems, smallholder farmers traditionally add farm waste to crop fields, making soils rich in organic matter (humus) and plant-available nutrients. Correspondingly, soils remained fertile during cultivation for over a century. Since the 1960s, the increasing demand for food and biofuels of a growing population has resulted in an overuse of these farming systems, which has occurred in tandem with deforestation, omitted fallows, declined farm size, and soil erosion. Hence, humus and nutrient contents in soils have decreased and soils gradually degraded. Inadequate use of farm waste has led to a further reduction in soil fertility, as less organic material is added to the soils for nutrient supply than is removed during harvesting. Acknowledging that the traditional use of farm waste successfully built up soil fertility over a century and has been reduced in only a few decades, we argue that traditional composting practices can play a key role in rebuilding soil fertility, if such practices are adapted to face the modern challenges. In this chapter, we discuss two cases in Tanzania: one on the traditional use of compost in the Kagera region (Great African Rift Valley) and another about adapted practices to produce compost manure in the Morogoro region (Uluguru Mountains). Both cases refer to rainfed, smallholder banana-coffee-based farming systems. To conclude, optimised composting practices enable the replenishment of soil nutrients, increase the capacity of soils to store plant-available nutrients and water and thus, enhance soil fertility and food production in degraded banana-coffee-based farming systems. We further conclude that future research is needed on a) nutrient cycling in farms implementing different composting practices and on b) socio-economic analyses of farm households that do not successfully restore soil fertility through composting.
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Ashton, Ann Suwaree. "Elephant tourism conservation and the need for a new strategy: Thai stakeholder attitudes." In The elephant tourism business, 160–69. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245868.0013.
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Abstract This chapter presents the results of interviews with people involved in the elephant camp business in Thailand regarding how elephant camps can be better managed and what makes for success. Interview questions included: How have elephant camp managers responded to the changes in animal welfare perceptions? How have managers responded to travel agencies and tourists opposed to using elephants for tourism entertainment activity? Are these animal welfare rules effective? How do they organize elephant tours in a sustainable way? How are mahouts recruited and trained? Finally, what are their thoughts on elephant tourism innovations such as coffee beans collected from elephant dung and elephant volunteer tourism?
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Thompson, Steven M. "An Introduction to Multiple Sequence Alignment — and the T-Coffee Shop. Beyond Just Aligning Sequences: How Good can you Make your Alignment, and so What?" In Bioinformatics for Systems Biology, 283–313. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-440-7_15.
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Shirima, Kelvine C., and Claude G. Mung'ong'o. "Agroecosystems' resilience and social-ecological vulnerability index to climate change in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 34–43. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0034.
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Abstract The concept of resilience has gained momentum during the current climate change era. Resilience is said to be the measure of the amount of change the system can undergo while still retaining the same controls on function and structure. Taking into account the effects of changing climate, the term resilience has been used to assess the vulnerability of social-ecological systems. Most agroecosystem studies have focused on dryland ecosystems and this prompted the need to shift concern on to mountainous ecosystems whose susceptibility to climate change is not adequately addressed. This chapter assesses the resilience of maize-coffee-banana agroecosystems on the southern slope of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Also, it assesses agronomic practices and the social-economic status of farmers and computes a social-ecological vulnerability index for the ecosystem. The study depicts variation of agronomic practices with altitude due to microclimatic differences, terrain and soil characteristics that determine the type of crops and their farming system which have both positive and negative implications. Climatic shocks (e.g. drought frequency, floods and below average rains) were found to have an impact on agricultural yield. Social-economic indicators (e.g. the number of household dependants, social safety nets, off-farm contribution, possession of land title, usage of wood for cooking energy and access to extension services) have also shown a significant influence on household vulnerability to changing climate which may later affect the agroecosystem productivity as these parameters are associated with the natural environment. Indicators chosen for the vulnerability index depict slight variations of vulnerability altitude wise, except for the mid-lower zone which appears to be more vulnerable.
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RAHMEL, D. "Coffee-can Spotlight." In Nuts and Bolts Filmmaking, 145–55. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-240-80546-7.50029-5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cat coffee"
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Pedinotti, Paolo, Giulia Rambelli, Emmanuele Chersoni, Enrico Santus, Alessandro Lenci, and Philippe Blache. "Did the Cat Drink the Coffee? Challenging Transformers with Generalized Event Knowledge." In Proceedings of *SEM 2021: The Tenth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.starsem-1.1.
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Wirz, Raul, Ray A. Lathrop, Isuru S. Godage, Jessica Burgner-Kahrs, Paul T. Russell, and Robert J. Webster. "Can coffee improve image guidance?" In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Robert J. Webster and Ziv R. Yaniv. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2082965.
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Paulo Cesar Corrêa, Daniel Marçal de Queiroz, and Paulo Cesar Afonso Junior. "Equilibrium Moisture Content for Natural Coffee and Parchment Coffee." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.7470.
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Paulo Cesar Afonso Junior, Paulo Cesar Corrêa, and Daniel Marçal de Queiroz. "Thin Layer Drying Equations for Natural Coffee and Parchment Coffee." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.5537.
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Daniel Marçal de Queiroz, Paulo Cesar Corrêa, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, and Paulo Cesar Afonso Junior. "Intermittent Coffee Drying Simulation Models." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.5538.
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Borompichaichartkul, Chaleeda, Desi Sakawulan, and Richard Archer. "Enhancing antioxidant property of instant coffee by microencapsulation via spray drying." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7520.
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This study is aimed to improve the antioxidant property of instant coffee by using microencapsulation technique and spray drying. Concentrated coffee extract was mixed with Konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH) and Maltodextrin (MD). The mixture of coating material and coffee extract was then spray dried at 160 - 180 °C inlet air temperature and at 85-90 °C outlet air temperature. KGMH can preserve retention of phenolic compounds, DPPH scavenging activity and antioxidant activity of FRAP (p<0.05 of instrant coffee better than other treatment. Keywords: Hydrolysed Konjac Glucomannan; Spray Drying; Microencapsulation; Instant Coffee, Antioxidant
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Hernandez Barbosa, Jeyson Andres, Sebastian Roa Prada, Dario J. Hernandez Bolivar, Brajan Nicolas Ruiz Romero, and Oscar E. Rueda. "Motion Capture of the Selective Hand Picking Movements As the Basis for the Design of Mechanically Assisted Picking Tools in Coffee Plantations in Colombia." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88428.
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Besides oil, coffee is one of the most traded commodities worldwide. Colombia is known as the producer of the highest quality coffee in the world, thanks to its smooth taste and aroma. One of the key elements that are responsible for the quality of Colombian coffee is its harvesting method, in which it is enforced that only mature fruits are harvested. Given the terrain conditions in which coffee trees grow, the preferred harvesting method in Colombia is selective hand picking, in which each coffee grain is individually teared off from the branch that is attached to. This work focuses on the analysis of the motion of a human hand performing the action of manual selective coffee harvesting. The analysis is based on the data collected from a custom made motion capture system, which consists of a glove capable of sensing the angular movement of the joints, and accelerations at the tip of the fingers, by means of a set of flex sensors and accelerometers, respectively. The methods followed in this investigation include the study of the biomechanics of the hand, as applied to the motion of hand picking of coffee, which proved to be fundamental for the analysis of the experimentally measured data. After processing the experimental data, the patterns of movement done by a human coffee harvester can be simulated and replicated, which allows identifying trajectories that a good harvester follows, as compared to other harvesters, which collect smaller amounts of grains during the same period of time. After having parameterized the motion of efficient selective hand picking, the results from this investigation serve as the basis for the design and optimization of an electromechanical tool to assist in the process of coffee harvesting, which minimizes the amount of green beans removed from the branches of the coffee trees.
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Tonelli, Annachiara, David Mosna, and Giuseppe Vignali. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of different packaging systems for coffee capsules." In the 4th International Food Operations and Processing Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2018.foodops.001.
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"The aim of this work is to compare the environmental impact of three different packaging systems for coffee capsules, which can be used in the same coffee machine. A comparative Life Cycle Assessment has been performed considering the following three types of coffee capsules: 1. Compostable coffee capsules packaged into a multichamber PET tray. 2. Capsules made of aluminium and packaged into cardboard boxes. 3. Capsules made of polypropylene with an aluminium top lid, singularly packaged in modified atmosphere into a bag made of multilayer film of aluminium and polypropylene. The functional unit considered is a coffee capsule. To evaluate the environmental impact, the EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) method is used. This work shows that it is possible to reduce the environmental impact of compostable capsules packaged in PET tray by two ways: by using a less polluting starch polymer and by producing biogas instead of compost from the organic waste. With these improvements, the compostable coffee capsule in PET tray results the less damaging packaging system for all categories except than for the ozone layer depletion and the fossil fuels depletion."
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Agarwal, Manish, and Jonathan Cagan. "Shape Grammars and Their Languages: A Methodology for Product Design and Product Representation." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dtm-3867.
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Abstract This paper argues that shape grammars and the languages they define are an ideal means to generate and represent products where basic functionality can be decomposed into discrete processes, forms can be created to fulfill those functional processes, and variation in those forms differentiates between competitive products. A shape grammar for the design of coffee makers is highlighted and used to illustrate how an infinite set of a class of products can be articulated through a concise shape grammar. Novel coffee makers and coffee makers in the market today are generated from the grammar.
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Bruchmu¨ller, J., B. G. M. van Wachem, S. Gu, and K. H. Luo. "Heat and Mass Transfer of Drying Particles in a Fluidized Bed." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22292.
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In this study, the heat transfer and drying process of arabica coffee beans in a batch fluidized bed roaster has been studied. Herein, the discrete element method (DEM) has been used and modified to account for resolved 1D temperature and moisture content profiles within each single coffee bean. This approach has the strength to provide much more information on the global (fluidization, mixing) and local (particle data) level compared to existing coffee roaster models. Therefore, the product quality can be evaluated on-line by many more specific criteria beyond the averaged global particle temperature and moisture content. Instead, information of every single particle is available which includes heat and mass transfer coefficients, its local position inside the bed, collision forces, etc. Furthermore, the overall roaster performance is based on e.g. fluidization stability, mixing efficiency or uniformity of quality properties among all particles. More data are presented to account for a broader coffee bean roasting evaluation. Modeling results are in good agreement with experimental data.
Reports on the topic "Cat coffee"
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Raychev, Nikolay. Can human thoughts be encoded, decoded and manipulated to achieve symbiosis of the brain and the machine. Web of Open Science, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/nsrl.v1i2.76.
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This article discusses the current state of neurointerface technologies, not limited to deep electrode approaches. There are new heuristic ideas for creating a fast and broadband channel from the brain to artificial intelligence. One of the ideas is not to decipher the natural codes of nerve cells, but to create conditions for the development of a new language for communication between the human brain and artificial intelligence tools. Theoretically, this is possible if the brain "feels" that by changing the activity of nerve cells that communicate with the computer, it is possible to "achieve" the necessary actions for the body in the external environment, for example, to take a cup of coffee or turn on your favorite music. At the same time, an artificial neural network that analyzes the flow of nerve impulses must also be directed at the brain, trying to guess the body's needs at the moment with a minimum number of movements. The most important obstacle to further progress is the problem of biocompatibility, which has not yet been resolved. This is even more important than the number of electrodes and the power of the processors on the chip. When you insert a foreign object into your brain, it tries to isolate itself from it. This is a multidisciplinary topic not only for doctors and psychophysiologists, but also for engineers, programmers, mathematicians. Of course, the problem is complex and it will be possible to overcome it only with joint efforts.
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Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of exposures and respiratory health at a coffee roasting and packaging facility and associated caf�. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshhhe201600673313.
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Evaluation of exposures and respiratory health at a coffee roasting and packaging facility and two off-site retail caf�s. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshhhe201601093343.
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