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Journal articles on the topic 'Cataboliti'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kräutler, Bernhard. "Chlorophyll Breakdown – How Chemistry Has Helped to Decipher a Striking Biological Enigma." Synlett 30, no. 03 (2018): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611063.

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How the fall colors arise and how chlorophyll (Chl) breakdown occurs in higher plants has remained enigmatic until three decades ago. Fundamental insights into this fascinating puzzle have been gained, meanwhile, by basic contributions from plant biology and chemistry. This short review is a personal account of key advances from synthetic, mechanistic, and structural chemistry that led to the discovery of the bilin-type Chl catabolites and helped elucidate the metabolic processes that generated them from Chl.1 Introduction2 Discovery and Structure Elucidation of a First Non-Green Chl Catabolit

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D’Alessandro, C., E. Colombini, G. Pasquariello, G. Sbragia, and A. Cupisti. "Compliance Alla Terapia Dietetica." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 22, no. 4 (2018): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2010.1235.

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La terapia nutrizionale è uno dei cardini della terapia conservativa dell'Insufficienza Renale Cronica (IRC). È in grado di contrastare segni, sintomi e complicanze dell'insufficienza renale, di procrastinare l'inizio della dialisi e di mantenere lo stato nutrizionale. La dieta deve essere ridotta in proteine perché molte delle tossine e dei cataboliti ritenuti derivano dalle proteine esogene, e perché la restrizione proteica rappresenta una condizione necessaria, anche se non sufficiente, per la contestuale riduzione dell'apporto di sodio e fosforo che contribuisce agli effetti terapeutici. A

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3

Djapic, Nina. "Chlorophyll catabolism in Prunus serrulata autumnal leaves." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 10, no. 1 (2012): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1201021d.

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Chlorophyll catabolism in Prunus serrulata autumnal leaves was investigated. The amount of chlorophyll catabolites accumulated within the same plant species varies with the time of the leaf collection, seasonal climate and developmental stage of the plant. The chlorophyll catabolites found in P. serrulata autumnal leaves presented the tendency of the organism to decrease the level of photodynamically active chlorophyll before the programmed cell death. In the methanol extract several chlorophyll catabolites were identified. The results obtained by liquid - chromatography/mass spectrometry perm

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4

Campbell III, John, Gary R. Bender, and Robert E. Marquis. "Barotolerant variant of Streptococcus faecalis with reduced sensitivity to glucose catabolite repression." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 7 (1985): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-121.

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Physiological characterization of the APR-11 variant of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 revealed that the variant has reduced sensitivity to glucose catabolite repression. This reduced sensitivity was indicated by the synthesis of enzymes for catabolism of lactose or arginine in cultures growing at 0.1, 40, or 70 MPa in media with levels of glucose highly repressive for the parent strain. Reduced catabolite repression appeared to be due to reduced activity of the glucose-specific, phosphotransferase system in APR-11 cells. Conversion of pyruvate to lactate or to acetate and ethanol did not ap

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Cooper, T. G., R. Rai, and H. S. Yoo. "Requirement of upstream activation sequences for nitrogen catabolite repression of the allantoin system genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (1989): 5440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5440-5444.1989.

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Synthesis of the transport systems and enzymes mediating uptake and catabolism of nitrogenous compounds is sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression. In spite of the widespread occurrence of the control process, little is known about its mechanism. We have previously demonstrated that growth of cells on repressive nitrogen sources results in a dramatic decrease in the steady-state levels of mRNA encoded by the allantoin and arginine catabolic pathway genes and of the transport systems associated with allantoin metabolism. The present study identified the upstream activation sequences in the

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6

Cooper, T. G., R. Rai, and H. S. Yoo. "Requirement of upstream activation sequences for nitrogen catabolite repression of the allantoin system genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (1989): 5440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5440.

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Synthesis of the transport systems and enzymes mediating uptake and catabolism of nitrogenous compounds is sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression. In spite of the widespread occurrence of the control process, little is known about its mechanism. We have previously demonstrated that growth of cells on repressive nitrogen sources results in a dramatic decrease in the steady-state levels of mRNA encoded by the allantoin and arginine catabolic pathway genes and of the transport systems associated with allantoin metabolism. The present study identified the upstream activation sequences in the

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7

Bahar, Masoud, John de Majnik, Margaret Wexler, Judith Fry, Philip S. Poole, and Peter J. Murphy. "A Model for the Catabolism of Rhizopine in Rhizobium leguminosarum Involves a Ferredoxin Oxygenase Complex and the Inositol Degradative Pathway." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 11 (1998): 1057–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.11.1057.

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Rhizopines are nodule-specific compounds that confer an intraspecies competitive nodulation advantage to strains that can catabolize them. The rhizopine (3-O-methyl-scyllo-inosamine, 3-O-MSI) catabolic moc gene cluster mocCABRDE(F) in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 1a is located on the Sym plasmid. MocCABR are homologous to the mocCABR gene products from Sinorhizobium meliloti. MocD and MocE contain motifs corresponding to a TOL-like oxygenase and a [2Fe-2S] Rieske-like ferredoxin, respectively. The mocF gene encodes a ferredoxin reductase that would complete the oxygenase system, b

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8

Platt, Thomas G., James D. Bever, and Clay Fuqua. "A cooperative virulence plasmid imposes a high fitness cost under conditions that induce pathogenesis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1734 (2011): 1691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2002.

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Harbouring a plasmid often imposes a fitness cost on the bacterial host. Motivated by implications for public health, the majority of studies on plasmid cost are focused on elements that impart antibiotic resistance. Plasmids, however, can provide a wide range of ecologically important phenotypes to their bacterial hosts—such as virulence, specialized catabolism and metal resistance. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmid confers both the ability to infect dicotyledonous plants and to catabolize the metabolites that plants produce as a result of being infected. We demonstra

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9

Berthon, Céline, Michaela Fontenay, Selim Corm, Isabelle Briche, Michel Lhermitte, and Bruno Quesnel. "Metabolites of Tryptophan Catabolism Are Elevated in Sera of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Inhibit Hematopoietic Progenitor Amplification." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 3843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3843.3843.

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Abstract Abstract 3843 Introduction: Tryptophan catabolism, which is mediated by the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), produces kynurenine, which blocks T-cell activation and induces immunosuppression. Kynurenine itself is converted by downstream enzymes into secondary catabolites that also have toxic effects on T cells. Tryptophan catabolism is elevated in many cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, tryptophan catabolites that are downstream of kynurenine have never been investigated in hematological malignancies. Methods: We ev

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10

Cunningham, T. S., and T. G. Cooper. "Expression of the DAL80 gene, whose product is homologous to the GATA factors and is a negative regulator of multiple nitrogen catabolic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (1991): 6205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.6205-6215.1991.

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We have cloned the negative regulatory gene (DAL80) of the allantoin catabolic pathway, characterized its structure, and determined the physiological conditions that control DAL80 expression and its influence on the expression of nitrogen catabolic genes. Disruption of the DAL80 gene demonstrated that it regulates multiple nitrogen catabolic pathways. Inducer-independent expression was observed for the allantoin pathway genes DAL7 and DUR1,2, as well as the UGA1 gene required for gamma-aminobutyrate catabolism in the disruption mutant. DAL80 transcription was itself highly sensitive to nitroge

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11

Cunningham, T. S., and T. G. Cooper. "Expression of the DAL80 gene, whose product is homologous to the GATA factors and is a negative regulator of multiple nitrogen catabolic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (1991): 6205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.6205.

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We have cloned the negative regulatory gene (DAL80) of the allantoin catabolic pathway, characterized its structure, and determined the physiological conditions that control DAL80 expression and its influence on the expression of nitrogen catabolic genes. Disruption of the DAL80 gene demonstrated that it regulates multiple nitrogen catabolic pathways. Inducer-independent expression was observed for the allantoin pathway genes DAL7 and DUR1,2, as well as the UGA1 gene required for gamma-aminobutyrate catabolism in the disruption mutant. DAL80 transcription was itself highly sensitive to nitroge

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12

LITTLE, Chris B., Carl R. FLANNERY, Clare E. HUGHES, et al. "Aggrecanase versus matrix metalloproteinases in the catabolism of the interglobular domain of aggrecan in vitro." Biochemical Journal 344, no. 1 (1999): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3440061.

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The importance of aggrecanase versus matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymic activities in the degradation of aggrecan in normal and osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage in vitro was studied in order to further our understanding of the potential role of these two enzyme activities in aggrecan catabolism during the pathogenesis of cartilage degeneration. Porcine and bovine articular cartilage was maintained in explant culture for up to 20 days in the presence or absence of the catabolic stimuli retinoic acid, interleukin-1 or tumour necrosis factor-α. Release of proteoglycan from cartilage wa

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13

Salvachúa, Davinia, Allison Z. Werner, Isabel Pardo, et al. "Outer membrane vesicles catabolize lignin-derived aromatic compounds in Pseudomonas putida KT2440." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 17 (2020): 9302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921073117.

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Lignin is an abundant and recalcitrant component of plant cell walls. While lignin degradation in nature is typically attributed to fungi, growing evidence suggests that bacteria also catabolize this complex biopolymer. However, the spatiotemporal mechanisms for lignin catabolism remain unclear. Improved understanding of this biological process would aid in our collective knowledge of both carbon cycling and microbial strategies to valorize lignin to value-added compounds. Here, we examine lignin modifications and the exoproteome of three aromatic–catabolic bacteria: Pseudomonas putida KT2440,

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14

Palavecino, Marcos D., Susana R. Correa-García, and Mariana Bermúdez-Moretti. "Genes of Different Catabolic Pathways Are Coordinately Regulated by Dal81 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Amino Acids 2015 (September 17, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/484702.

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Yeast can use a wide variety of nitrogen compounds. However, the ability to synthesize enzymes and permeases for catabolism of poor nitrogen sources is limited in the presence of a rich one. This general mechanism of transcriptional control is called nitrogen catabolite repression. Poor nitrogen sources, such as leucine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and allantoin, enable growth after the synthesis of pathway-specific catabolic enzymes and permeases. This synthesis occurs only under conditions of nitrogen limitation and in the presence of a pathway-specific signal. In this work we studied the te

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15

Richardson, Jason S., Michael F. Hynes, and Ivan J. Oresnik. "A Genetic Locus Necessary for Rhamnose Uptake and Catabolism in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 24 (2004): 8433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.24.8433-8442.2004.

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ABSTRACT Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii mutants unable to catabolize the methyl-pentose rhamnose are unable to compete effectively for nodule occupancy. In this work we show that the locus responsible for the transport and catabolism of rhamnose spans 10,959 bp. Mutations in this region were generated by transposon mutagenesis, and representative mutants were characterized. The locus contains genes coding for an ABC-type transporter, a putative dehydrogenase, a probable isomerase, and a sugar kinase necessary for the transport and subsequent catabolism of rhamnose. The regulation of thes

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16

Yebra, Marï¿½a Jesï¿½s, Manuel Zï¿½ï¿½iga, Sophie Beaufils, Gaspar Pï¿½rez-Martï¿½nez, Josef Deutscher, and Vicente Monedero. "Identification of a Gene Cluster Enabling Lactobacillus casei BL23 To Utilize myo-Inositol." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 12 (2007): 3850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00243-07.

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ABSTRACT Genome analysis of Lactobacillus casei BL23 revealed that, compared to L. casei ATCC 334, it carries a 12.8-kb DNA insertion containing genes involved in the catabolism of the cyclic polyol myo-inositol (MI). Indeed, L. casei ATCC 334 does not ferment MI, whereas strain BL23 is able to utilize this carbon source. The inserted DNA consists of an iolR gene encoding a DeoR family transcriptional repressor and a divergently transcribed iolTABCDG1G2EJK operon, encoding a complete MI catabolic pathway, in which the iolK gene probably codes for a malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase. The pres

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17

BÜTTNER, Frank H., Clare E. HUGHES, Daniel MARGERIE, et al. "Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) cleaves the recombinant aggrecan substrate rAgg1mut at the ‘aggrecanase’ and the MMP sites." Biochemical Journal 333, no. 1 (1998): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3330159.

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The recent detection of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression in human articular cartilage [Büttner, Chubinskaya, Margerie, Huch, Flechtenmacher, Cole, Kuettner, and Bartnik (1997) Arthritis Rheum. 40, 704–709] prompted our investigation of MT1-MMP's catabolic activity within the interglobular domain of aggrecan. For these studies we used rAgg1mut, a mutated form of the recombinant fusion protein (rAgg1) that has been used as a substrate to monitor ‘aggrecanase ’ catabolism in vitro [Hughes, Büttner, Eidenmüller, Caterson and Bartnik (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 20269–202

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18

Bianco, Riccardo Lo, and Mark Rieger. "Partitioning of Sorbitol and Sucrose Catabolism within Peach Fruit." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 1 (2002): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.1.115.

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The peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] fruit is a sink organ comprised of different types of tissue, which undergoes three distinct developmental stages during the growth season. The objective of this study was to characterize the activity and partitioning of sorbitol and sucrose catabolism within `Encore' peach fruit to determine whether the two forms of translocated carbon play different roles in the various fruit tissues and/or stages of development. Sorbitol catabolic activity was defined as the sum of NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and sorbitol oxidase (SOX) acti

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19

Wargo, Matthew J., and Deborah A. Hogan. "Identification of genes required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa carnitine catabolism." Microbiology 155, no. 7 (2009): 2411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.028787-0.

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Carnitine is a quaternary amine compound prevalent in animal tissues, and a potential carbon, nitrogen and energy source for pathogens during infection. Characterization of activities in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell lysates has previously shown that carnitine is converted to 3-dehydrocarnitine (3-dhc) which is in turn metabolized to glycine betaine (GB), an intermediate metabolite in the catabolism of carnitine to glycine. However, the identities of the enzymes required for carnitine catabolism were not known. We used a genetic screen of the P. aeruginosa PA14 transposon mutant library to ident

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Shevchik, Vladimir E., and Nicole Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat. "PaeX, a Second Pectin Acetylesterase of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 10 (2003): 3091–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.10.3091-3100.2003.

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ABSTRACT Erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft-rot diseases of various plants by enzymatic degradation of the pectin in plant cell walls. Pectin is a complex polysaccharide. The main chain is constituted of galacturonate residues, and some of them are modified by methyl and/or acetyl esterification. Esterases are necessary to remove these modifications and, thus, to facilitate the further degradation of the polysaccharidic chain. In addition to PaeY, the first pectin acetylesterase identified in the E. chrysanthemi strain 3937, we showed that this bacterium produces a second pectin acetylesterase e

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Mazzoni, Alessio, Manuela Capone, Matteo Ramazzotti, et al. "IL4I1 Is Expressed by Head–Neck Cancer-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Contributes to Suppress T Cell Proliferation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (2021): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102111.

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Amino acids have a primary role in cancer metabolism. Beyond their primary biosynthetic role, they represent also an alternative fuel while their catabolites can influence the epigenetic control of gene expression and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. The accumulation of amino-acid derivatives in the tumor microenvironment depends not only on the activity of tumor cells, but also on stromal cells. In this study, we show that mesenchymal stromal cells derived from head–neck cancer express the amino acid oxidase IL4I1 that has been detected in different types of tumor cells. The catabolic pr

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Santos, Pedro Miguel, Janet Martha Blatny, Ilaria Di Bartolo, Svein Valla, and Elisabetta Zennaro. "Physiological Analysis of the Expression of the Styrene Degradation Gene Cluster in Pseudomonas fluorescensST." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (2000): 1305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1305-1310.2000.

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ABSTRACT The effects of different carbon sources on expression of the styrene catabolism genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST were analyzed by using a promoter probe vector, pPR9TT, which contains transcription terminators upstream and downstream of the β-galactosidase reporter system. Expression of the promoter of thestySR operon, which codes for the styrene two-component regulatory system, was found to be constitutive and not subject to catabolite repression. This was confirmed by the results of an analysis of the stySR transcript in P. fluorescensST cells grown on different carbon sources. T

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Xu, Yan-mei, Xian-mei Xiao, Ze-xiang Zeng, et al. "BrTCP7 Transcription Factor Is Associated with MeJA-Promoted Leaf Senescence by Activating the Expression of BrOPR3 and BrRCCR." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (2019): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163963.

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The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) has been recognized as an important promoter of leaf senescence in plants. However, upstream transcription factors (TFs) that control JA biosynthesis during JA-promoted leaf senescence remain unknown. In this study, we report the possible involvement of a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) TF BrTCP7 in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-promoted leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage. Exogenous MeJA treatment reduced maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and total chlorophyll content, accompanied by the increased expression of senescence marker and chlorophyll catab

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Curran, Timothy M., Yousheng Ma, Glen C. Rutherford, and Robert E. Marquis. "Turning on and turning off the arginine deiminase system in oral streptococci." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 11 (1998): 1078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-106.

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The arginine deiminase system in oral streptococci is highly regulated. It requires induction and is repressed by catabolites such as glucose or by aeration. A comparative study of regulation of the system in Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558, Streptococcus rattus FA-1, and Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 10904 showed an increase in activity of the system in S. sanguis of some 1467-fold associated with induction-derepression of cells previously uninduced-repressed. The activity of the system was assayed in terms of levels of arginine deiminase, the signature enzyme of the system, in permeabilized c

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Hirooka, Kazutake, Yusuke Kodoi, Takenori Satomura, and Yasutaro Fujita. "Regulation of therhaEWRBMAOperon Involved in l-Rhamnose Catabolism through Two Transcriptional Factors, RhaR and CcpA, in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 5 (2015): 830–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00856-15.

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ABSTRACTTheBacillus subtilisrhaEWRBMA(formerlyyuxG-yulBCDE) operon consists of four genes encoding enzymes forl-rhamnose catabolism and therhaRgene encoding a DeoR-type transcriptional regulator. DNase I footprinting analysis showed that the RhaR protein specifically binds to the regulatory region upstream of therhaEWgene, in which two imperfect direct repeats are included. Gel retardation analysis revealed that the direct repeat farther upstream is essential for the high-affinity binding of RhaR and that the DNA binding of RhaR was effectively inhibited byl-rhamnulose-1-phosphate, an intermed

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Kaysen, G. A., E. Hoye, and H. Jones. "Apolipoprotein AI levels are increased in part as a consequence of reduced catabolism in nephrotic rats." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, no. 3 (1995): F532—F540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.3.f532.

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Apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) synthesis, measured as the turnover of 125I-labeled apo AI-labeled high-density lipoprotein (HDL), was increased significantly in rats with Heymann nephritis (HN) vs. control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. However, fractional apo AI catabolic rate was also significantly less in HN vs. SD. We used 125I-apo AI tyramine cellobiose HDL, a marker retained at the catabolic site, to establish where apo AI catabolism decreased in six HN rats, seven rats with adriamycin (Adria)-induced nephrosis, and six control SD. Total renal apo AI catabolism, plus urinary losses, were the same

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Mondanelli, Giada, Elena Orecchini, Claudia Volpi, et al. "Effect of Probiotic Administration on Serum Tryptophan Metabolites in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Patients." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 13 (January 2020): 117864692095664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178646920956646.

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by anomalous functioning of the immuno regulatory, tryptophan-catabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). In T1D, the levels of kynurenine—the first byproduct of tryptophan degradation via IDO1—are significantly lower than in nondiabetic controls, such that defective immune regulation by IDO1 has been recognized as potentially contributing to autoimmunity in T1D. Because tryptophan catabolism—and the production of immune regulatory catabolites—also occurs via the gut microbiota, we measured serum levels of tryptophan, and metabolites thereof, i

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Richardson, Jason S., and Ivan J. Oresnik. "l-Rhamnose Transport Is Sugar Kinase (RhaK) Dependent in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 23 (2007): 8437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01032-07.

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ABSTRACT Strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum which are unable to catabolize l-rhamnose, a methyl-pentose sugar, are compromised in the ability to compete for nodule occupancy versus wild-type strains. Previous characterization of the 11-kb region necessary for the utilization of rhamnose identified a locus carrying catabolic genes and genes encoding the components of an ABC transporter. Genetic evidence suggested that the putative kinase RhaK carried out the first step in the catabolism of rhamnose. Characterization of this kinase led to the observation that strains carrying rhamnose kinase mut

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Hirose, Jun, Ryusei Tsukimata, Munetoshi Miyatake, and Haruhiko Yokoi. "Identification of the Gene Responsible for Lignin-Derived Low-Molecular-Weight Compound Catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. Strain LLC-1." Genes 11, no. 12 (2020): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121416.

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Pseudomonas sp. strain LLC-1 (NBRC 111237) is capable of degrading lignin-derived low-molecular-weight compounds (LLCs). The genes responsible for the catabolism of LLCs were characterized in this study using whole-genome sequencing. Despite the close phylogenetic relationship with Pseudomonas putida, strain LLC-1 lacked the genes usually found in the P. putida genome, which included fer, encoding an enzyme for ferulic acid catabolism, and vdh encoding an NAD+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase specific for its catabolic intermediate, vanillin. Cloning and expression of the 8.5 kb locus adjacent

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Shimizu, Tetsu, and Akira Nakamura. "Characterization of LgnR, an IclR family transcriptional regulator involved in the regulation of l-gluconate catabolic genes in Paracoccus sp. 43P." Microbiology 160, no. 3 (2014): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.074286-0.

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Five genes encoding enzymes required for l-gluconate catabolism, together with genes encoding components of putative ABC transporters, are located in a cluster in the genome of Paracoccus sp. 43P. A gene encoding a transcriptional regulator in the IclR family, lgnR, is located in front of the cluster in the opposite direction. Reverse transcription PCR analysis indicated that the cluster was transcribed as an operon, termed the lgn operon. Two promoters, P lgnA and P lgnR , are divergently located in the intergenic region, and transcription from these promoters was induced by addition of l-glu

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Xu, Yanyan, Haojie Jiang, Li Li, et al. "Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism Promotes Thrombosis Risk by Enhancing Tropomodulin-3 Propionylation in Platelets." Circulation 142, no. 1 (2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.119.043581.

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Background: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), essential nutrients including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, serve as a resource for energy production and the regulator of important nutrient and metabolic signals. Recent studies have suggested that dysfunction of BCAA catabolism is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Platelets play an important role in cardiovascular disease, but the functions of BCAA catabolism in platelets remain unknown. Methods: The activity of human platelets from healthy subjects before and after ingestion of BCAAs was measured. Protein phosphatase 2Cm

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Lewis, Christopher, Raghavan Chinnadurai, and Jacques Galipeau. "Mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulation and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by tryptophan catabolites (IRM9P.462)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 130.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.130.7.

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Abstract The catabolism of Trp by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a key correlate of the immunomodulation by human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). AHR is a cytosolic protein expressed by a variety of cells, that upon activation, initiates transcription at aryl hydrocarbon response elements (AHREs). We show MSCs express AHR basally, and hypothesized that the catalytic activity of IDO and signal transduction via AHR are linked, as intracellular signals which deploy MSC suppressive properties. To test this, we treated MSCs with hydrocarbons known to activate AHR: TCDD or FICZ. Upon treatme

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Martinez, Betsy, Jeffrey Tomkins, Lawrence P. Wackett, Rod Wing, and Michael J. Sadowsky. "Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Organization of the Atrazine Catabolic Plasmid pADP-1 from Pseudomonassp. Strain ADP." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 19 (2001): 5684–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.19.5684-5697.2001.

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ABSTRACT The complete 108,845-nucleotide sequence of catabolic plasmid pADP-1 from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP was determined. Plasmid pADP-1 was previously shown to encode AtzA, AtzB, and AtzC, which catalyze the sequential hydrolytic removal ofs-triazine ring substituents from the herbicide atrazine to yield cyanuric acid. Computational analyses indicated that pADP-1 encodes 104 putative open reading frames (ORFs), which are predicted to function in catabolism, transposition, and plasmid maintenance, transfer, and replication. Regions encoding transfer and replication functions of pADP-1 had

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Chow, Virginia, Guang Nong, and James F. Preston. "Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Aldouronate Utilization Gene Cluster from Paenibacillus sp. Strain JDR-2." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 24 (2007): 8863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01141-07.

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ABSTRACT Direct bacterial conversion of the hemicellulose fraction of hardwoods and crop residues to biobased products depends upon extracellular depolymerization of methylglucuronoxylan (MeGAXn), followed by assimilation and intracellular conversion of aldouronates and xylooligosaccharides to fermentable xylose. Paenibacillus sp. strain JDR-2, an aggressively xylanolytic bacterium, secretes a multimodular cell-associated GH10 endoxylanase (XynA1) that catalyzes depolymerization of MeGAXn and rapidly assimilates the principal products, β-1,4-xylobiose, β-1,4-xylotriose, and MeGAX3, the aldotet

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Horswill, Alexander R., and Jorge C. Escalante-Semerena. "Salmonella typhimurium LT2 Catabolizes Propionate via the 2-Methylcitric Acid Cycle." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 18 (1999): 5615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.18.5615-5623.1999.

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ABSTRACT We previously identified the prpBCDE operon, which encodes catabolic functions required for propionate catabolism inSalmonella typhimurium. Results from13C-labeling experiments have identified the route of propionate breakdown and determined the biochemical role of each Prp enzyme in this pathway. The identification of catabolites accumulating in wild-type and mutant strains was consistent with propionate breakdown through the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. Our experiments demonstrate that the α-carbon of propionate is oxidized to yield pyruvate. The reactions are catalyzed by propionyl c

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Janes, Brian K., and Robert A. Bender. "Alanine Catabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes: Molecular Characterization of the dadAB Operon and Its Regulation by the Nitrogen Assimilation Control Protein." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 3 (1998): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.3.563-570.1998.

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ABSTRACT Klebsiella aerogenes strains with reduced levels ofd-amino acid dehydrogenase not only fail to use alanine as a growth substrate but also become sensitive to alanine in minimal media supplemented with glucose and ammonium. The inability of these mutant strains to catabolize the alanine provided in the medium interferes with both pathways of glutamate production. Alanine derepresses the nitrogen regulatory system (Ntr), which in turn represses glutamate dehydrogenase, one pathway of glutamate production. Alanine also inhibits the enzyme glutamine synthetase, the first enzyme in the oth

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Junghans, R. P., and T. A. Waldmann. "Metabolism of Tac (IL2Ralpha): physiology of cell surface shedding and renal catabolism, and suppression of catabolism by antibody binding." Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 4 (1996): 1587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.4.1587.

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The interleukin 2 receptor alpha (IL2Ralpha; CD25; Tac) is the prototypic model for soluble receptor studies. It exists in vivo as a transmembrane complete molecule (TM-Tac) on cell surfaces and as a truncated soluble form (sTac; sIL2R alpha). sTac has been used as a serum marker of T cell activation in immune disorders and of tumor burden in Tac-expressing malignancies. In vivo, serum levels of all soluble proteins depend on the balance between production and catabolism, but little is known about the metabolic features of this class of molecules. We have developed a model for Tac metabolism t

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Nasrallah, Mohamad A., Nicholas D. Peterson, Elizabeth S. Szumel, et al. "Transcriptional suppression of sphingolipid catabolism controls pathogen resistance in C. elegans." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 10 (2023): e1011730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011730.

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Sphingolipids are required for diverse biological functions and are degraded by specific catabolic enzymes. However, the mechanisms that regulate sphingolipid catabolism are not known. Here we characterize a transcriptional axis that regulates sphingolipid breakdown to control resistance against bacterial infection. From an RNAi screen for transcriptional regulators of pathogen resistance in the nematode C. elegans, we identified the nuclear hormone receptor nhr-66, a ligand-gated transcription factor homologous to human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4. Tandem chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequenc

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Somerville, Greg A., Battouli Saïd-Salim, Jaala M. Wickman, Sandra J. Raffel, Barry N. Kreiswirth, and James M. Musser. "Correlation of Acetate Catabolism and Growth Yield in Staphylococcus aureus: Implications for Host-Pathogen Interactions." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 8 (2003): 4724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.8.4724-4732.2003.

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ABSTRACT Recently, we reported that the prototypical Staphylococcus aureus strain RN6390 (a derivative of NCTC 8325) had significantly reduced aconitase activity relative to a diverse group of S. aureus isolates, leading to the hypothesis that strain RN6390 has impaired tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-mediated acetate catabolism. Analysis of the culture supernatant from RN6390 confirmed that acetate was incompletely catabolized, suggesting that the ability to catabolize acetate can be lost by S. aureus. To test this hypothesis, we examined the carbon catabolism of the S. aureus strains whose ge

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Shin, Byung-Sik, Soo-Keun Choi, Issar Smith, and Seung-Hwan Park. "Analysis of tnrA Alleles Which Result in a Glucose-Resistant Sporulation Phenotype in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 17 (2000): 5009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.17.5009-5012.2000.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis cells cannot sporulate in the presence of catabolites such as glucose. During the analysis of Tn10-generated mutants, we found that deletion of the C-terminal region of the tnrA gene, which encodes a global regulator that positively regulates a number of genes in response to nitrogen limitation, results in a catabolite-resistant sporulation phenotype. Analyses of nrg-lacZ and nasB-lacZ, which are activated by TnrA under nitrogen limitation, showed that C-terminally truncated TnrA activates nitrogen-regulated genes constitutively. The relief of catabolite repression o

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Breiden, Bernadette, and Konrad Sandhoff. "Mechanism of Secondary Ganglioside and Lipid Accumulation in Lysosomal Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (2020): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072566.

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Gangliosidoses are caused by monogenic defects of a specific hydrolase or an ancillary sphingolipid activator protein essential for a specific step in the catabolism of gangliosides. Such defects in lysosomal function cause a primary accumulation of multiple undegradable gangliosides and glycosphingolipids. In reality, however, predominantly small gangliosides also accumulate in many lysosomal diseases as secondary storage material without any known defect in their catabolic pathway. In recent reconstitution experiments, we identified primary storage materials like sphingomyelin, cholesterol,

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Tomás-Gallardo, Laura, Eduardo Santero, and Belén Floriano. "Involvement of a Putative Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein (CRP)-Like Binding Sequence and a CRP-Like Protein in Glucose-Mediated Catabolite Repression ofthnGenes in Rhodococcus sp. Strain TFB." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 15 (2012): 5460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00700-12.

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ABSTRACTGlucose catabolite repression of tetralin catabolic genes inRhodococcussp. strain TFB was shown to be exerted by a protein homologous to transcriptional regulators of the cyclic AMP receptor (CRP)-FNR family. The protein was detected bound to putative CRP-like boxes localized at the promoters of thethnA1andthnSgenes.

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Kitagawa, Wataru, Keisuke Miyauchi, Eiji Masai, and Masao Fukuda. "Cloning and Characterization of Benzoate Catabolic Genes in the Gram-Positive Polychlorinated Biphenyl DegraderRhodococcus sp. Strain RHA1." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 22 (2001): 6598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.22.6598-6606.2001.

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ABSTRACT Benzoate catabolism is thought to play a key role in aerobic bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Benzoate catabolic genes were cloned from a PCB degrader,Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1, by using PCR amplification and temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis separation. A nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the RHA1 benzoate catabolic genes, benABCDK, exhibit 33 to 65% identity with those of Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1. The gene organization of the RHA1 benABCDKgenes differs from that of ADP

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Poole, P. S., A. Blyth, C. J. Reid, and K. Walters. "myo-Inositol catabolism and catabolite regulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae." Microbiology 140, no. 10 (1994): 2787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-140-10-2787.

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Mu, Yang, Qing Chen, Rebecca E. Parales, et al. "Bacterial catabolism of nicotine: Catabolic strains, pathways and modules." Environmental Research 183 (April 2020): 109258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109258.

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Grantham, Barbara D., and J. Barrett. "Amino acid catabolism in the nematodes Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Panagrellus redivivus 2. Metabolism of the carbon skeleton." Parasitology 93, no. 3 (1986): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000081208.

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SUMMARYAll of the enzymes of proline catabolism were present in Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Panagrellus redivivus and the activities were, in general, similar to those found in rat liver. Both nematodes were also shown to be able to catabolize the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine, by pathways similar to those found in mammalian liver. There were no significant differences in amino acid catabolism between the animal-parasitic and free-living species of nematode.

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Tomlinson, Patricia Tolson, and Carol J. Lovatt. "Nucleotide Metabolism in ‘Washington’ Navel Orange Fruit: I. Pathways of Synthesis and Catabolism." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 3 (1987): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.3.529.

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Abstract The capacity of ‘Washington’ navel orange fruit [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] to synthesize and catabolize purines and pyrimidines was assessed. De novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotide was demonstrated by [14C] bicarbonate incorporation into purine nucleotides, blockage of this process by four known inhibitors, and assimilation of radiolabeled carbon from formate, both carbons of glycine, and carbon-3 of serine into the adenine ring. De novo synthesis of pyrimidines via the orotate pathway in young fruit was demonstrated by incorporation of [14C] bicarbonate and [6-14C]orotic acid i

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Gunasekera, Angelo, Francisco J. Alvarez, Lois M. Douglas, Hong X. Wang, Adam P. Rosebrock, and James B. Konopka. "Identification of GIG1, a GlcNAc-Induced Gene in Candida albicans Needed for Normal Sensitivity to the Chitin Synthase Inhibitor Nikkomycin Z." Eukaryotic Cell 9, no. 10 (2010): 1476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00178-10.

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ABSTRACT The amino sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is known to be an important structural component of cells from bacteria to humans, but its roles in cell signaling are less well understood. GlcNAc induces two pathways in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. One activates cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling, which stimulates the formation of hyphal cells and the expression of virulence genes, and the other pathway induces genes needed to catabolize GlcNAc. Microarray analysis of gene expression was carried out under four different conditions in order to characterize the transcriptional chan

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Ewart, H. S., M. Jois, and J. T. Brosnan. "Rapid stimulation of the hepatic glycine-cleavage system in rats fed on a single high-protein meal." Biochemical Journal 283, no. 2 (1992): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2830441.

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Glycine catabolism was studied in isolated rat liver mitochondria by measuring the release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glycine. Mitochondria isolated from rats fed on a high-protein (60% casein) diet for 5 days showed an enhanced ability to catabolize glycine compared with mitochondria from rats fed on a normal-protein (15% casein) diet. Glycine catabolism was also stimulated in normal protein-fed rats if they ingested a single high-protein meal for 2 h before being killed, thus illustrating the rapid response of the glycine-cleavage system to protein intake. The stimulation of glycine catabolism in

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Zhang, Meng, Yuting Fu, Yuhao Chen та ін. "Inhibition of the mTORC1/NF-κB Axis Alters Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes". BioMed Research International 2021 (18 січня 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8621464.

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In addition to serving as the building blocks for protein synthesis, amino acids can be used as an energy source, through catabolism. The transamination, oxidative deamination, and decarboxylation processes that occur during amino acid catabolism are catalyzed by specific enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC); however, the overall molecular mechanisms through which amino acid catabolism occurs remain largely unknown. To examine the role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1

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