Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Catalyse aqueuse'
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Six, Natacha. "Nouveaux transporteurs et ligands supramoléculaires pour la catalyse organométallique aqueuse." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0406.
Full textThe development of clean chemical synthesis currently mobilizes a wide range of scientific teams. Aqueous phase organometallic catalysis is a process that uses water as a green solvent. However, these systems are not really active with hydrophobic substrates. We can use supramolecular receptors as cyclodextrins to promote masse transfer between the aqueous and the organic phase. First, news supramolecular receptorss have been synthesized. These various mono and ditopic receptors have been evaluated in two catalytic reactions: allylic cleavage of carbonate and urethane (Trost-Tsuji) and hydroformylation of hydrophobic alkenes. Second, cyclodextrins and PTA-based ligands have been used in a thermocontroled catalytic process. The reaction takes place at high temperature and the catalyst is recycled at low temperature
Vilcocq, Léa. "Transformation de polyols en phase aqueuse par catalyse hétérogène bifonctionnelle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2274/document.
Full textA new way of biofuels synthesis was recently proposed: the direct transformation of sorbitol (ex-lignocellulose hydrogenated sugar) into light hydrocarbons (maximum six carbon atoms) in aqueous phase by metal/acid bifunctional heterogeneous catalysis, following the reaction : C6O6H14 + 6 H2 → C6H14 + 6 H2O (dehydration/hydrogenation of sorbitol into hexane). The aim of the PhD work is to identify stable and active bifunctional catalytic systems with selectivity to 5-6 carbon atoms hydrocarbons, which can be further upgraded into gasoline. The first studied systems are platinum and ruthenium catalysts supported on silica-alumina. These catalysts are not stable in hydrothermal medium and catalyse undesired C-C cleavage reactions such as decarbonylation for platinum (leading to CO2) and hydrogenolysis or methanation for ruthenium. That is why new catalytic systems have been prepared by mechanical mixing of metallic catalysts (Pt, Pd, Ir) supported on zirconia and tungstated oxides (ZrO2-WOx, Al2O3-WOx, TiO2-WOx). These catalytic systems present an improved hydrothermal stability compared to the silica-alumina based catalysts. Various selectivities are obtained depending on the oxide and metal natures. Particularly, A new catalytic system, Pt/ZrO2 + TiO2-WOx, (patent 12/01.546), was found to be active and very selective to C6 compounds. Finally, the reaction mechanisms involved in the sorbitol transformation reaction have been discussed, referring to model reactivity tests
Jauregui, Haza Ulises Javier. "Catalyse en phase aqueuse supportée : hydroformylation d'oct-1-ene : optimisation de l'hydratation et cinétique." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT021G.
Full textCorbel-Demailly, Louis. "Hydrogénation sélective de l’acide lévulinique en phase aqueuse par catalyse hétérogène." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10196.
Full textThe aim of our research project is the hydrogenation of the levulinic acid in aqueous phase into 1,4-pentadeniol using noble metal catalysts (Ru, Pd, Pt) supported on C or TiO2. First results have shown the effect of the metal, the method of preparation or the supports on catalytic performances. Monometallic Ru catalysts are active and selective into 1,4-PDO (maximum yield 50%). By using monometallic catalysts, an important formation of by-products and loss of carbon by cracking reactions was observed. By impregnating various amount of Re or Mo, bimetallic catalysts were prepared. Adding promoter both allows enhancing the reaction rate of LevA hydrogenation and improved the selectivity to 1,4-PDO up to 90%. In order to understand the mechanism, a kinetic modeling and stability test on intermediates or products of the reaction were realized
Rivière, Maxime. "Transformation de polyols biosourcés par hydrogénolyse en phase aqueuse." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1200/document.
Full textThe synthesis of ethylene and propylene glycols from renewables is a great challenge for a green chemistry. The hydrogenolysis of alditols (i.e. xylitol and sorbitol) from lignocellulosic biomass into glycols is an interesting process. This reaction was investigated in aqueous media under harsh operating conditions (200°C; 60 bar H2) over Ru-based heterogeneous catalyst (i.e. 3%Ru/C) and a homogeneous basic promotor (i.e. Ca(OH)2). The kinetic studies revealed that several reactions can occur such as epimerization, decarbonylation or retro-aldol. An optimal molar ratio Rmol(OH-/alditol) of 0.13 led to the highest selectivities to glycols (55%) and glycerol (15%) for an activity of 93 h-1. Beyond this ratio, lactate was principally produced to the detriment of propylene glycol. Bifunctional catalysts (Ru/basic oxide/C) were synthetized in order to perform this reaction in neutral conditions. 3%Ru/MnO(19%)/C showed a high activity (384 h-1) and high selectivities to glycols (37%) and glycerol (17%). However, Mn leaching occurred during the reaction (70%) due to the production of small amount of carboxylates. The use of binary solvent H2O: ROH with ROH: MeOH; EtOH; 1-PrOH and 1-BuOH, enhanced the Ru/MnO/C behavior with selectivities to glycols and glycerol up to 70% in spite of the coke formation on the catalysts. Mn-based mixed oxide catalysts in presence of Ru (i.e. Ru-MnOX-Al) were synthetized and led to high selectivities to glycols and glycerol (60%) with an average activity of 60 h-1. The stability of these catalysts was enhanced by decreasing the substrate concentration
Miquel, Laurent. "Hydroformulation des alcènes lourds catalysée par des complexes dinucléaires du rhodium maintenus en phase aqueuse supportée." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30255.
Full textMessou, Davina Gnamien-Bla. "Valorisation de polyols en phase aqueuse sur catalyseurs bimétalliques supportés pour la production d'hydrocarbures." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2316/document.
Full textPlant Biomass (renewable source of carbon) can be used to make liquid fuels and basic products of chemistry. So, from about ten years, the APHDO (Aqueous Phase HydroDeOxygenation) process is developed for the direct transformation in aqueous phase of polyols from Biomass (such as sorbitol) into renewable alkanes (C5-C6). This process involves a metal/acid bifunctional heterogeneous catalysis and competitive C-O and C-C bond cleavages. The aim of the PhD work is to develop supported bimetallic systems active and selective for the transformation of sorbitol into hexane. The modification of a reference Pt/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst by addition of Re, Ir, Pd, Rh and Ru is carried out by three synthesis methods: co-impregnation, successive impregnations and deposit by catalytic reduction. The performances of bimetallic catalysts are compared at sorbitol isoconversion to those of the parent monometallic catalysts for a catalytic test carried out in an autoclave with an aqueous solution of sorbitol (10 wt%) at 240°C and 60 bar total pressure under dihydrogen. The products are distributed in the gas phase (CO2, C1-C6 alkanes) and in the liquid phase (oxygenated compounds). Sorbitan and isosorbide are predominantly formed in the liquid phase, the latter being a key intermediate of sorbitol transformation in this study. Pt-Ru/SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts are the most selective for the reaction, the one prepared by successive impregnations leads to a higher proportion of C6 in gaseous phase compared to both monometallic Pt/SiO2-Al2O3 and Ru/SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts
Borsla, Abdou. "Catalyse par colloïdes de rhodium stabilisés en phase aqueuse : hydrogénation d'oct-1-ene." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT005G.
Full textPotier, Jonathan. "Nouveaux récepteurs polytopiques à base de cyclodextrines pour la catalyse en phase aqueuse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10106/document.
Full textTo overcome the problems related to the hydrophobicity of terminal alkenes in hydroformylation reactions using water-soluble organometallic catalysts, the combination of polymers and cyclodextrins (CDs) has been exploited to develop new additives and new reaction media. Three combinations polymers/CDs have been developed, either covalently or by supramolecular assembly. First, the covalent grafting of partially methylated CDs on polymer chains significantly increased the capacity of molecular recognition of the CDs regarding alkenes with linear alkyl chains longer than 12 carbons. Cooperativity between CDs resulting from the covalent grafting led to a significant improvement in catalytic performance. Second, supramolecular hydrogels composed of poly(ethylene) glycol and α-CDs have been successfully used as a reaction medium in biphasic hydroformylation reactions. Finally, new "smart" catalytic systems have been obtained by summing the molecular recognition properties of partially methylated CDs with those of thermosensitive polymers
Auneau, Florian. "Transformation du glycérol par catalyse hétérogène : aspects théoriques et expérimentaux." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744531.
Full textKerkeni, Samy. "Etude par méthodes électrochimiques de la réduction des nitrates et des nitrites en phase aqueuse." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2251.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study, from a fundamental point of view, the two aspects that are catalytic activity and selectivity in reduction of nitrates and nitrites, in the presence of (not supported) catalysts Cuads/Pt prepared and characterized by use of electrochemical techniques. During the hydrogenation, the potential of the catalyst can be established spontaneously in the presence of reactants or controlled by means of a potentiostat. These three modes of control of the catalyst potential were used in this work. Various parameters were studied : copper coverage, nature of anions and cations present in the solution, pH of the solution, concentration of nitrates or nitrites, partial pressure of hydrogen and potential of the catalyst
Cocq, Aurélien. "OléoSodioSuccinyl-Cyclodextrines : synthèse et applications en catalyse aqueuse de cyclodextrines amphiphiles obtenues par estérification à l'aide de dérivés oléiques maléinisés." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0404/document.
Full textThis thesis work consisted of the synthesis and valorisation of a new family of amphiphilic cyclodextrins in aqueous catalysis: OleoSodioSuccinyl-Cyclodextrins (OSS-CDs). These OSS-CDs were obtained in three main steps. The first step consisted of the thermal or rhodiocatalysed maleinisation of oleic acid or its methyl ester. The carbon-carbon double bond of the obtained substituted succinic anhydrides can then possibly be hydrogenated by rhodium on carbon catalysis. By reacting with native or modified cyclodextrins, these anhydrides led to cyclodextrin esters having carboxylic groups. The OSS-CDs, obtained by neutralisation with sodium hydroxide of these functions, have high aqueous solubilities ( 50-500 g.L-1 at 20° C), are surfactant (aggregation concentration: 4-360 g.L-1 at 20°C) and form aggregates in water. The fatty chains of these OSS-CDs have a strong tendency to include in the cavity of the cyclodextrin on which they are grafted. The OSS-CDs showed a very good mass transfer capacity in aqueous biphasic rhodiocatalysed hydroformylation of alpha-olefins, with higher reaction rates when using the OSS-CDs obtained from methyl oleate. Some OSS-CDs coming from oleic acid have been found to be very good stabilizers for ruthenium nanoparticles. The colloidal suspensions obtained with them were very stable, active in the hydrogenation of many substrates and can be recycled without loss of activity
Girel, Etienne. "Modes de stabilisation innovants de catalyseurs pour la conversion de la biomasse." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1214.
Full textBiomass transformation reactions are carried under very different conditions from those used in petroleum industry. Some bio-products are transformed in aqueous phase underhigh temperatures (hydrothermal conditions). Heterogeneous catalysts are most likely made with a porous oxide like alumina witch is not suited for such conditions. Its textural and structural properties are modified during the treatment making the material incompatible with any process. The aim of the thesis is to develop new catalytic materials with hydrothermal stability properties adapted to the treatment of biomass products. The strategy is to modify alumina surface in order to make it insensitive to water during a hydrothermal treatment. The surface modification is done with inorganic (silicon) and organic (carbon, polyols) additives.We show here that alumina is stable only if some specific hydroxyls located in basal surfaces of crystallites are saturated. We develop strategy to selectively cover those sites with carbon or silica. A very good hydrothermal stability is obtained with a surface coverage close to 20% only. Then, a metal phase is deposited on the stabilized supports and catalytic performances of the materials are evaluated through the glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction
FAJERWERG, WILHERMINE-KATIA. "Oxydation d'une solution aqueuse de phenol par h2o2. Catalyse heterogene par une zeolithe fe-zsm-5." Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0010.
Full textOliva, Estefania. "Nano-réacteurs à base de cyclodextrines amphiphiles pour la catalyse et la vectorisation." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0011.
Full textThe NANO-CAC project is based on the development of nano-objects composed of triglyceride derivatives and cyclodextrins (CDs): lipidyl-cyclodextrins (L-CDs), for applications in aqueous biphasic catalysis and vectorization of active ingredients. At first, L-CDs I were obtained by a direct and robust single-step synthesis using acyl chlorides. In a second step, L-CDs II were synthesized from a fatty ester epoxide using alternative methods (solvent-free techniques, use of enzymes). All L-CDs were obtained with good yields and in the form of complex mixtures, requiring the implementation of characterization techniques and extensive structural analysis (MS, NMR, LC / MS). In view of the application of these L-CDs in biphasic organometallic catalysis, in particular on the hydroformylation reaction, tests were successfully carried out in collaboration with UCCS of the University of Artois. In addition, these products were submitted to a toxicity study on an in vitro model of the Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) as well as the intestinal epithelium at LBHE of the University of Artois. No toxicity has been demonstrated, suggesting that applications for the vectorization of active ingredients can be expected
Bertoux, Franck. "Synthèse de précurseurs du méthacrylate de méthyle par carbonylation du propène en catalyse homogène et catalyse biphasique en phase aqueuse : extension à l'hydrocarboxylation des oléfines grasses par catalyse de transfert de phase inverse." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-205.pdf.
Full textAvec le propene, les regioselectivites en produit branche restent trop faibles pour une industrialisation du procede. En parallele de ces recherches sur ces differents voies d'obtention du methacrylate de methyle, nous nous sommes interesses a l'hydrocarboxylation en milieu biphasique des olefines a longues chaines pour aboutir en une seule etape aux acides gras correspondants. Du fait de la tres faible solubilite dans l'eau de ces olefines a longues chaines et d'une forte isomerisation de la double liaison, le systeme biphasique precedemment decrit est inoperant. Ces inconvenients ont ete contournes en introduisant dans le milieu reactionnel une cyclodextrine comme agent de transfert de phase inverse. Son mode d'action est base sur la reconnaissance moleculaire. Elle joue ainsi le role de transporteur de matiere entre la phase organique et la phase aqueuse par formation de complexes d'inclusion
Fremy, Georges. "Catalyse en phase aqueuse supportée et catalyse par transfert de phase inverse : deux nouvelles approches pour l'hydroformylation des esters [alpha, bêta]-insaturés et des oléfines grasses." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-184.pdf.
Full textAit, Rass Hicham. "Transformation chimique du furfural en acide 2,5-furane dicarboxylique par catalyse hétérogène." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10198/document.
Full textThis thesis reports a study of heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of furfural (biobased product formed from the acid-catalyzed dehydration of xylose) into 2,5-furane dicarboxylique acid (FDCA, possible replacement monomer for terephtalic acid for the production of polyethylene terephtalate). This transformation has been considered in two catalytic steps: 1) hydroxymethylation of furfural with aqueous formaldehyde or trioxane into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the presence of solid acids. The maximum yields of 40% have been obtained using aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of nanoparticles of ZSM-5. The main problem was the lack of stability of furfural and HMF in reaction conditions. 2) aerobic oxidation of HMF into FDCA. HMF was oxidized in alkaline aqueous solutions over Pt-based catalysts using dioxygen from air. Promotion of the catalyst with bismuth and the presence of a weak base (Na2CO3) yielded a catalytic system with a remarkable activity and selectivity. HMF was completely and exclusively converted to FDCA within 2,5 h. The catalyst could be recovered by simple filtration and reused several times without significant loss of activity and with no platinum or bismuth leaching
Ly, Bao Khanh. "Hydrogénation de l'acide succinique en phase aqueuse pour l'obtention sélective de 1,4-butanediol." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10053.
Full textThe aim of our research project is the hydrogenation of the succinic acid in aqueous phase at 160°C, under 150 bar hydrogen to obtain selectively 1,4-butanediol (BDO) by using x%Re- 2%Pd/TiO2 catalyst. Palladium monometallic catalysts allow us to obtain selectively the intermediate product γ-butyrolactone and very little BDO. Their catalytic activity depends on the dispersion of the metallic phase. The reaction can be extended until obtaining BDO by adding the rhenium to palladium based monometallic catalysts. Firstly, we have tried two ex situ methods to add the rhenium: catalytic reduction (CR) and successive impregnation (SI). The best selectivity to BDO is 90% with the presence of 3,4%Re-2%Pd/TiO2 prepared by IS method. Moreover, for both deposition methods, the rhenium in the bimetallic catalysts is reoxidized with air and then leached into the aqueous phase. Despite leaching and redeposition of rhenium under hydrogen pressure, the behavior of bimetallic catalysts prepared by the two methods (CR and SI) is different. In situ deposition of the rhenium leads to promising bimetallic catalysts: SBDO = 73% with 2% of rhenium
Sistach, stéphanie. "Stabilisation de nanoparticules métalliques en solution aqueuse par des molécules à propriétés stimuli-dépendantes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1223/.
Full textFirst, several bolaamphiphiles (surfactant with two polar heads linked by an apolar chain) were synthezised then used as nanoparticles stabilizers. The influence of molecular structure (nature of the polar head, apolar chain length) on the stability of the system was studied. These two parameters appear to be very important for the colloidal stability, and a pH-sensitive behaviour was also observed. Original thermosensitive blos copolymers including a bloc of PNIPAM constitute the second stabilizers family. There were synthezised by RAFT/MADIX and caracterizedin bulk and aqueous solutions. The stabilization of gold nanoparticles in water was studied and the thermosensitive behaviour of copolymer allowed to have a reversible precipitation as a function of the temperature. These nanohybrids were then used in catalysis. The reversible agregation allowed the recovery and the reuse of the catalysts. Two reactions was studied: the reduction of the p-nitrophenol by the sodium borohydride (catalysed by gold nanoparticles) and alkene hydrogenation (catalysed by platinium nanoparticles). The influence of aggregation/redispersion cycles on the catalytic activity was also studied
Dos, Santos Sylvia. "Catalyse par complexes organométalliques du palladium immobilisés en phase aqueuse supportée : application à la réaction de substitution allylique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10205.
Full textHablot, Isabelle. "Réaction liquide-liquide-gaz : études thermodynamique et cinétique d'une hydrogénation d'oléfine catalysée par un complexe de coordination solubilisée en phase aqueuse." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT021G.
Full textDerrien, Elie. "Valorisation des sucres dérivés des hémicelluloses." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10185.
Full textOrlewski, Jacek Paul. "Préparation et caractérisation de clusters hydrosolubles du ruthénium, de l'osmium et de l'iridium : hydrogénation du citral en phase aqueuse." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10147.
Full textHADDAD-FAHED, OMAIMA. "Catalyse micellaire de reactions de substitution nucleophile aromatique comportant des reactifs electriquement charges." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066419.
Full textHerbois, Rudy. "Synthèses et caractérisations de nanoparticules métalliques stabilisées en phase aqueuse par des polymères en présence de cyclodextrines : hydrogénation catalytique de composés issus de la biomasse." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0407/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 90s, nanotechnology has experienced a significant development. In catalysis, in particular, metallic nanoparticles have attracted a growing interest due to their properties at the interface between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. At the same time, chemical reactions regarding the environment were the focus of a growing interest. To answer these environmental considerations, metallic nanoparticles (ruthenium and rhodium) synthesized in aqueous media were used, under mild conditions (temperature and pressure) for the hydrogenation of water-soluble biomass derivatives (furfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) or insoluble (3-(2-furyl)acrolein). Among the different stabilizing agents, the use of cyclodextrins associated with water-soluble polymers was particularly studied. Cyclodextrins could be used in mixtures polymer/cyclodextrin, or in cyclodextrins polymers in two and three dimensions for the nanoparticles synthesis. Throughout this thesis, the various roles of cyclodextrine in these systems will be shown (crosslinking agent of polymers, stabilizing, dispersing or growth controlling agent of the nanoparticles and also phase transfer agent in biphasic catalysis)
Legrand, François-Xavier. "Nouveaux transporteurs et ligands à base de cyclodextrine pour les processus de catalyse organométallique en milieu aqueux." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0405/document.
Full textThe development of clean chemical synthesis currently mobilizes a wide range of scientific teams. Thereby, the aqueous phase organometallic catalysis is a process that uses a green solvent par excellence, water. In this type of processes, the organometallic catalyst generally gets water-soluble thanks to the use of water-soluble phosphanes. However, these systems aren't really active with hydrophobic organic substrates. In order to avoid this problem, we can use cyclodextrins to promote mass transfer between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. However, the formation of an inclusion complex between the water-soluble phosphane and the cyclodextrin can also be created, generating a decrease in the catalytic activity due to the poisoning of the macrocyclic cavity, and also a modification of the catalytic system's nature leading to the formation of less selective catalytic species. Studying various catalytic systems which involve chemically modified cyclodextrins enabled the creation of catalytic systems the properties of which are kept. Otherwise, another approach in the use of cyclodextrins in aqueous phase organometallic catalytic processes enabled the synthesis of cyclodextrin-based ligands where the cyclodextrin plays the role of hydrophilic group. In this case, not only does it ensure the water-solubility of the ligand, but the cyclodextrin also gives molecular recognition properties to these ligands, which can lead to catalytic systems which possess specific properties
Coche, Liliane. "Préparation et étude électrochimique d'électrodes modifiées par des films de polymères rédox : application à la catalyse électrochimique rédox." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10046.
Full textSivade, Alain. "EVALUATION DE PHOSPHINO-TRIS(m-METAPHENYLSULFONATES) EN CATALYSE D'OLIGOMERISATION ET DE TELOMERISATION AU CONTACT DE COMPLEXES DU NICKEL OU DU PALLADIUM." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30221.
Full textM'Nasri, Najib. "Elaboration de nanomatériaux composites métal@nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuses (MSN) : étude des performances catalytiques en phase aqueuse et des propriétés d'adsorption sélective du diiode en phase gaz." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20199.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to develop efficient synthesis routes to prepare mesoporous silica-based nano-sized particles, designated as MSN, with controllable morphology and derivatised with selected transition metals. One-pot preparation and surface functionalisation procedures based on the insertion of the metal-phase precursor into the porogen aggregates were thoroughly optimised leading to silica particles containing such single metals as copper, palladium, platinum, silver or gold, as well as a two-metal phase of copper and palladium or that of palladium and platinum. It was demonstrated that the highly dispersed metal phase was localised on the pore surface and therefore it was readily accessible to the target chemicals on which to base the catalytic performance of the resulting materials. Among others, the remarkable catalytic performance of the Cu@MSN material in Huisgen and Sonogashira reactions and its propensity to undergo efficient recycling were proven through laboratory-scale testing. Experimental study of the selective adsorption of iodine vapour onto MSN supports functionalised with silver nanoparticles indicated an excellent retention capacity of such materials
Deraedt, Christophe. "Nanoréacteurs pour la catalyse en milieux aqueux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0430/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the synthesis by “click” CuAAC reactions of newnanomaterials that have various applications, in particular in catalysis. Thesemacromolecules are dendrimers, supported dendrimers and polymers that contain1,2,3-triazole rings and were used in the stabilization of essentially palladiumnanoparticles (PdNPs). These PdNPs are extremely active in the catalysis in greensolvents of C-C coupling, reduction of 4-nitrophenol and selective oxidation ofalcohols. The use of these nanoparticle catalysts at the ppm level shows theirefficiency and their ecological aspect. The integration of biferrocene units in thepolymers allowed expanding their applications to electrochemical sensors, reductantsof metallic ions to nanoparticles, polyelectrolytes, polyelectrochromic, and mixedvalentcomplexes. The impregnation of PdNPs stabilized by dendrimers on magneticsupport led to the increase of the catalyst robustness and recyclability using amagnet
Desset, Simon L. "New strategies for the rhodium-catalysed aqueous-biphasic hydroformylation of medium chain alkenes." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/842.
Full textChen, Si. "New approach to aqueous biphasic catalysis through catalyst confinement in nanoscopic core-shell polymers." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30163/document.
Full textThe catalytic processes are at the heart of chemical industry. Modern chemical industry, under pressure of stricter regulations and societal concern, is faced with the need to improve efficiency and cleaner production processes and catalysis is one the major keys to green chemical technology. Catalysts recovery is necessary from an economic and environmental point of view when it makes use of expensive and / or toxic metals. The aim of this thesis is based on an innovative approach related to micellar catalyst but in which the catalyst is covalent linked to the hydrophobic core of well-defined unimolecular, core-cross-linked micelles. The synthetic protocol is based on a convergent method via RAFT-mediated one-pot aqueous emulsion polymerization. The efficiency of these unimolecular micelles as catalytic nanoreactors has been shown using the industrially relevant hydroformylation of 1-octene, in order to provide a proof of principle, as a test reaction yielding turnover frequencies and l/b ratio comparable to those of related homogeneous systems. However, the catalyst phase could be easily separated from the organic product phase and recycled. A remarkable protecting effect of the active catalyst by the polymer scaffold has also been demonstrated. The absence of the coagulation at the end of reaction is evidence that these new objects function as micelles while eliminating the disadvantages of micellar catalysis such as the formation of stable emulsion
Le, Callonnec Francois. "Nouveaux développements dans la chimie des sels de diazonium en catalyse organométallique : catalyse hétérogène en milieux aqueux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0044/document.
Full textDiazonium salts are reactive and versatile when used as electrophiles. Unfortunately, their reputation as instable compounds strongly limited their use in chemical synthesis. This work lead to the discovery of new procedure for a safer and more environmentally friendly use of diazonium salts in organometallic coupling reactions. We studied palladium catalised carbon-carbon coupling reactions and copper catalyzed C-H arylatons. A major part of this work is also focalized in the development of new heterogeneous catalysts. New catalysts for the Meerwein reaction were also discovered. Finally, the last part of this research work focused on new active heterogeneous supports as nanoreactors for organometallic reactions
Al, Maksoud Walid. "Des matériaux hybrides pour le captage de bio-toxiques : Par greffage des poly-aromatiques obtenus via une méthodologie palladocatalysées in et ex-aqua. Par greffage des molécules poly-azotées." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845468.
Full textServin, Paul. "Dendrimères phosphorés & catalyse en milieu aqueux." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30128.
Full textIn the late 70's the first pioneers started to do catalysis in aqueous media. Their work was noted but was not embraced by the general scientific community. Today this has dramatically changed and people all over the world are running catalysis in biphasic, monophasic, heterogeneous, homogeneous and any other combination possible with water as the minor, major or sole solvent. During the synthesize of the most commonly used phosphorus dendrimer an alternative approach was found which yielded a highly functionalised dendrimer. This dendrimer might one day have an impact in the field of catalysis due to the possible high local concentration of metal centres. Several interesting ligands were grafted on the dendrimer such as a P,N,P-ligand, a bipyridyl ligand, a scorpionate ligand and a PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) ligand. With the PTA ligand we managed to have a water-soluble dendrimer due to the alkylation of one of the nitrogen atoms in the adamantane-like structure. The catalytical activity was investigated in reactions such as Heck, Suzuki, Sonogashira, allylic alcohol isomerization and hydration of alkynes. Several other catalytical reactions were also tested but with dubious success. In many cases the dendrimer showed an increased activity (dendritic effect) in comparison to the monomer. The most favourable results, for the dendrimer, were with the Heck reaction. In this reaction the activity of the dendrimer was approximatively three times higher than the reactivity for the monomer. A feasible reason for this spectacular result can be that the dendrimer was stabilizing the catalyst more efficiently than the monomer
Arhancet, Juan P. "Supported aqueous phase catalysis." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54759.
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Arvela, Riina K. "Palladium-Catalysed Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions : Focusing on Microwave Heating, Low Catalyst Concentrations, Aqueous Conditions, Regioselectivity and Medicinal Chemistry Applications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-99776.
Full textBedioui, Fethi. "Etude électrochimique de complexes de métaux de transition (bases de Schiff et porphyrines) en solution et sous forme d'électrodes modifiées : application à la catalyse électroassistée de réactions organiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066338.
Full textGadou, Richard. "Organocatalyseurs tensioactifs : synthèse, propriétés et application en catalyse asymétrique en milieu aqueux." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0046.
Full textThe starting goal of this work was to develop new fonctionnalized surfactants, to characterize them and to use them as organocatalysts involved in chemical reactions (aldol reaction, Michael addition) in aqueous media. Amphiphilic derivatives of Prolinamide and of aminomethylpyrrodidine have been synthesised coupling an aliphatic and hydrophobic chain (C12) or a surfactant polyethoxylated block (C12E8) with the pyrrolidinic catalytic block. These molecules have been characterized by their surfactant properties and for some of them by their aggregates structure by SANS (ellipsoide with polar hydrated shell, cylinders). These surfactant organocatalysts have been used in aldol reaction and Michael addition. Screenings show that ProAmide-C12, TFA is the most efficient catalyst (yield, stereoselectivity) with cyclohexanone. ProAmide-C12E8 is the most efficient catalyst with an hydrosoluble ketone (acetone). These different reactivities are due to HLB differencies between the 2 catalysts and by a different localization of the reactionnal medium. These organocatalysts can be recycled using an ecofriendly process, without using any organic solvents. Finally, NMR1H studies of starting materials localization in micellar solutions show different localizations with ProAmide-C12, TFA (in hydrophobic core) or with ProAmide-C12E8 (in polar shell). Isotopic exchanges show the different equilibria which take place in reactionnal medium
Thompson, Ian. "Electrochemical studies of catalysed aqueous sulphide oxidaton." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47275.
Full textMirza, Amin Ruhul. "Developments in supported aqueous-phase catalysis." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311179.
Full textAbou, Hamdan Marwa. "Hydrogenation of succinic acid and carbon dioxide over molybdenum carbide catalysts." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1065.
Full textThis work focuses on the synthesis of supported molybdenum carbides and evaluating their catalytic performance in succinic acid hydrogenation reactions in aqueous phase using batch reactor and carbon dioxide hydrogenation in gas phase using continuous flow reactor. The catalysts were prepared by the temperature programmed reduction carburization method, where the parameters were modified leading to different molybdenum to carbon ratios. The different catalysts tested were active in converting succinic acid to gamma butyrolctone and more remarkably butyric acid which is not reported in significant quantities in this reaction with precious metal based catalysts. The catalysts containing more carbon contents that were prepared by increasing the gas hourly space velocity showed higher activity in converting succinic acid and higher selectivity to butyric acid. The intermediates were then converted to tetrahydrofuran, butanol, 1,4-butanediol and butane gas. The deactivation observed while recycling the catalyst was mainly attributed to a decrease in the amounts of carbidic molybdenum and carbidic carbon, as demonstrated by XPS analysis. Preliminary tests for these catalysts in carbon dioxide hydrogenation showed that they functioned mainly as reverse water gas shift catalysts, and the excess of carbon hinders the catalytic activity in an opposite manner of the reaction in aqueous phase. The support seems playing a role in the reactivity of the catalysts, carbon dioxide conversion as well as methane and methanol selectivity increased in the order: molybdenum carbide supported on DT51 TiO2 > P25 TiO2 ˜ ZrO2
Bouic, Phillip J. "Ruthenium complexes as potential aqueous romp catalysts." Thesis, Aston University, 1996. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9676/.
Full textRavenelle, Ryan M. "Heterogeneous catalysts in aqueous phase reforming environments: an investigation of material stability." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42921.
Full textDenis, Julien. "Synthèse de nouvelles phosphines hydrosolubles par sulfonation et par clivage réducteur de sels de phosphonium pour l'hydroformylation en milieu biphasique aqueux." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0407/document.
Full textSulfonated arylphosphanes are the most applied water-soluble ligands in aqueous organometalliccatalysis. Sodium sulfonate groups are commonly introduced on an arylphosphane by using sulfuric oleum(SO3/H2SO4) followed by neutralization with aqueous sodium hydroxide. In this context, the first part of thiswork was focused on the synthesis of new bulky sulfonated triarylphosphanes with naphtyl groups. Moreprecisely, sulfonated [(1 or 2-naphtyl)x(phenyl)3-x]phosphane (x = 1, 2, 3) with an average sulfonation degreearound two have been prepared. In the second part, a new and convenient synthesis pathway to disulfonatedR-diphenylphosphanes with R an oleum-sensitive group was developed. This route involves two steps: thefirst step is the alkylation of trisulfonated benzyldiphenylphosphane (BDPPTS) or tetrasulfonated 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (DPPETS) with an halide compound (RX) bearing the sensitive group R. Inthe second step, the synthetized trisulfonated phosphonium or tetrasulfonated bis-phosphonium salt aresubsequently cleaved by lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) to give the corresponding disulfonated Rdiphenylphosphanes.The phosphanes obtained by this new methodology are the disulfonated n-octyl-, ndodecyl-,n-hexadecyl-, phenethyl-, and but-3-enyl-diphenylphosphanes. Most of the synthetized phosphanesin this work have then been tested as ligand in the rhodium catalyzed dec-1-ene hydroformylation assisted ornot by cyclodextrins
Mu, Wei. "Aqueous phase processing of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53075.
Full textSchmitke, Jennifer L. (Jennifer Louise) 1971. "Subtilisin structure and catalysis in non-aqueous media." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50375.
Full textPatrigeon, Julien. "Elaboration de ligands bidentates supramoléculaires par auto-assemblage d'aminocyclodextrines et de phosphines hydrosolubles - application à la catalyse en milieu aqueux." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0406/document.
Full textSupramolecular PN heterobidentate ligands have been elaborated by self-assembling mono-amino-β-cyclodextrins with an appropriate water-soluble phosphine. Their coordination ability has been evaluated on platinum and rhodium complexes and completely characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Catalysts have then been tested in rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation in aqueous media. Results proved that such ligands exhibit similar behavior than molecular one
Mseddi, Samir. "Hydrolyse acido-catalysée d'acétals : réaction modèle pour caractériser l'acidité de catalyseurs solides en milieu aqueux." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20113.
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