Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Catalyseur supporté'
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Marchand-Cury, Hélène. "Analyse de l'interface catalyseur supporté-milieu aqueux dans l'oxydation d'espèces dissoutes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL034N.
Full textThe role of the adsorption was studied in the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of the organic molecule and hydrogen sulfide with the dispersed support metal oxide. The physical and superficial properties was measured before and after dispersion of metal oxide. We have studied the catalyst behavior with the natural water mineraI ions. The knowledge of the superficial properties of metal oxide or support and their affinities for mineraI ions has allowed for clarifying their role in the adsorption of four organic molecules. It has also allowed for knowing the adsorption mecanisms of the salicylate (humic matter model) on two supports. Then, the role of the adsorption in catalytic oxidation was estimated with ozonation experimentations. It appears that the catalytic oxidation is happening whether the molecule is adsorbed or not. The mecanisrns of catalytic oxidation are similar to the ones of homogeneous oxidation and therefore pH sensitive. The metal oxide and supports have adsorbed ozone and have participated at its initial decomposition in presence of hydroxile or peroxide ions. The kinetic of this reaction is slow and the adsorption or direct oxidation are possible. The study of catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide shows three adsorption-oxidation forms. Two forms are easily reversible and represent the major adsorbed sulfur for low values of concentration. The most stable form, metallic sulfide, corresponds at a weak poisonning of the metal oxide. The catalyst support is inert in regards to hydrogen sulfur when the metal oxide is present
Wafer, Caroline. "Oxydation de composés oléochimiques à l'aide d'un catalyseur ou d'un oxydant supporté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27464.
Full textKhodadadi, Mohamad Reza. "Étude de la réaction d'aziridination au cuivre supporté par des nanoparticules magnétiques." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0045/document.
Full textIntroduction of nitrogen atoms onto organic skeletons remains a key step for the synthesis of alkaloid bioactive molecules. Since a few years, catalytic nitrene insertion on alkenes or for C-H bond functionalization has emerged as an undeniable tool for such introduction. However, homogeneous catalytic systems usually used for this transformation present some drawbacks such as stability, or separation after reaction. Recyclable supported catalysts have then arisen as a valuable alternative to overcome these issues.As part of our continued interest for the development of sustainable methodologies, we designed new and efficient recoverable catalysts fitting by the way the green chemistry principles. Here, the first nitrene insertion for aziridination using a reusable copper-loaded nanoferrite as catalyst will be presented. Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles allow an easy retrieval of those catalysts with a simple external magnet. We will show that the catalysts could be reused for 5 times with total conversion of styrene and good yields, even after 5 runs.Investigations after full characterization showed a reduction of copper loading as the runs, which can be due to a weak anchoring. This result prompts us to explore different linkers between magnetic nanoparticles and copper in order to decrease this leaching. Several linkers exhibiting different MNP-anchoring and Cu-chelating functions will be presented. Also, the successful extrapolation of this methodology to electron-poor or electron-rich substituted styrene derivatives will be demonstrated as well as the aziridination of long chain olefins which will be exhibited
Bochard, Frédérique. "Réactivité des chloroformiates en présence de chlorure d'hexaalkylguanidinium, supporté ou non, comme catalyseur." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10232.
Full textMadani, Behrang. "Synthèse de Fischer-Tropsch sur catalyseur à base de cobalt supporté sur carbure de Silicium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/MADANI_Behrang_2005.pdf.
Full textThe Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) leads to various products, mainly alkanes as well as olefins and alcohols, starting with precise mixture of CO and H2. Currently, natural gas is recovered as a by-product of oil extraction and directly burnt, which leads a non negligible economic loss as well as an atmospheric pollution due to the production of CO2. The reaction of FTS is one of the ways permitting valorisation of natural gas after its transformation in gas of synthesis (mixture of CO and H2). The SFT reaction is exothermique and requires fast evacuation of heat from the catalytic sites in order to avoid the problem of hot spots formation and subsequent cracking of formed products. The supports used traditionally for the FTS are insulating supports, such as alumina and silica, which does not permit a good evacuation of heat. In this work, we replaced the insulating support by a conducting support based on SiC, which permits a better homogenisation of the temperature in the catalytic bed. In this study, different reaction parameters- the Co content, the total pressure and contact time, have been optimized in order to obtain the best activity, selectivity and stability of the catalysts. We also studied the influence of the morphology of the support on the catalyst performance. Among the different shapes of support based on SiC (grain, extrudes and foam), the support as foam seems to have the best performance. We finalised the procedures of regeneration of the catalyst as well as the doping by molybdenum. The thus obtained catalysts present the best activity and selectivity
Audirac, Aude. "Contribution à la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'ozonation catalytique à partir d'un catalyseur supporté." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2316/document.
Full textThis study aims at developing an industrial wastewater treatment process based on heterogeneous catalytic ozonation implementing a patented powder catalyst stuck on stainless steel and ceramic foam. A refractory model compound, succinic acid, was chosen to be ozonated in the presence of the catalyst while different operating parameters were varied.Kinetic of the catalytic reaction was determined varying initial concentrations of succinic acid and catalyst.The influence of solid catalyst within the reaction system and of the way of introduction of ozone gas was also investigated.The variation of the solution Hydraulic Retention Time through (i) inlet flow rate variation and (ii) volume of solution in the reaction system variation, allowed the confirmation of the kinetic law and the determination of a threshold volume below which the reaction efficiency decreased.The results obtained allowed the proposition of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation mechanism comprising several steps and the definition of design parameters
Lutun, Stéphane. "Synthèses d'hétérocycles à l'aide de métaux de transition : préparation d'oxadiazoles : synthèse et utilisation d'un catalyseur supporté." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10072.
Full textCarneiro, Da Rocha De Almeida Maria da Graça. "Combustion catalytique du méthane au contact de palladium supporté : étude de l'activation du catalyseur pendant la réaction." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10054.
Full textLocatelli, François. "Etude du mécanisme de rupture des liaisons carbone-carbone endo et exocycliques sur catalyseur iridium supporté sur silice." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10229.
Full textTonnerre, Jean-Marc. "Étude de la structure locale d'un catalyseur d'hydrodésulfuration Ni-Mo non supporté par la diffusion anomale des RX." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112284.
Full textBen, Osman Chirine. "Synthèse et utilisation de nouveaux matériaux hybrides pour la catalyse en ATRP supportée du méthacrylate de méthyle." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066564/document.
Full textThe aim of this project is to develop hybrid nanoparticles bearing well definedpolymer arms as supported catalyst for the atom transfer radical polymerization of methylmethacrylate. This new generation of “semi heterogeneous" catalysts was prepared by twostrategies. The first consisted of immobilizing the polymer arms bearing the ligands enablingcoordination of copper bromide onto silica particles by covalent bonds. Hybrid nanoparticleswith low polymer grafting density were targeted to prevent the overlapping of chains on thesurface. Unfortunately, the polymerizations were not controlled probably due to a lack ofaccessibility of the initiator and propagating radicals to the copper complexes. To improve theaccessibility, a reversibly supported catalyst was developed via self-assembly using hydrogenbonding between chains α-functionalized by a proton donor-acceptor unit (DAD) and acomplementary unit (ADA) anchored on silica particles. These new hybrid materials wereefficient in the controlled radical polymerization of MMA, yielding polymers with controlledmolecular weights and dispersities narrower than those obtained for homogeneous ATRP.Moreover, after catalyst separation from the reaction medium by centrifugation, more than96% of the originally used copper was recovered
Soignier, Sophie. "Métathèse des alcanes catalysée par l’hydrure de tantale supporté sur silice mésoporeuse MCM-41 : structure du catalyseur, désactivation et mécanisme." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10156.
Full textThe surface complexe [(SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2] 2, and [(SiO)2Ta(H)x] (x = 1, 3), 4, have been prepared on a MCM-41 mesoporous silica by a surface organometallic chemistry approach. They were characterized by the use of mass balance analysis, IR and EXAFS spectroscopies as well as 1H MAS, 13C CP/MAS, 2D 1H-13C HETCOR, and J-resolved solid state NMR. The hydrides 4, can activate at 150 °C the C-H bond of CH4 to form first surface tantalum methyl species with liberation of H2. The evolution of the reaction rate indicates the presence of a heterogeneity of the Ta-H sites. This is confirmed by the combined use of 13C CP/MAS NMR and 13CH4 affording the observation of methylidene and methylidyne species on a few tantalum sites resulting from -H elimination and the transfer of methyl groupes from other sites to the surface. Complex 4, also catalyzes the alkane metathesis reaction. The 13 C NMR study of the bilabelled ethane activation on complex 4, shows the accumulation of unsaturated species strongly bonded to tantalum which progressively poisons the active sites. The hydrogen resulting from these species feeds the hydrogenolysis reaction initially oberved in a continuous flow reactor. The observation of olefins and hydrogen as primary products supports that the reaction proceeds via olefins, carbene and metallacyclobutane intermediates just like olefin metathesis
Ben, Osman Chirine. "Synthèse et utilisation de nouveaux matériaux hybrides pour la catalyse en ATRP supportée du méthacrylate de méthyle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066564.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this project is to develop hybrid nanoparticles bearing well definedpolymer arms as supported catalyst for the atom transfer radical polymerization of methylmethacrylate. This new generation of “semi heterogeneous" catalysts was prepared by twostrategies. The first consisted of immobilizing the polymer arms bearing the ligands enablingcoordination of copper bromide onto silica particles by covalent bonds. Hybrid nanoparticleswith low polymer grafting density were targeted to prevent the overlapping of chains on thesurface. Unfortunately, the polymerizations were not controlled probably due to a lack ofaccessibility of the initiator and propagating radicals to the copper complexes. To improve theaccessibility, a reversibly supported catalyst was developed via self-assembly using hydrogenbonding between chains α-functionalized by a proton donor-acceptor unit (DAD) and acomplementary unit (ADA) anchored on silica particles. These new hybrid materials wereefficient in the controlled radical polymerization of MMA, yielding polymers with controlledmolecular weights and dispersities narrower than those obtained for homogeneous ATRP.Moreover, after catalyst separation from the reaction medium by centrifugation, more than96% of the originally used copper was recovered
Nguyen, Van Nuoi Patrick. "Optimisation du catalyseur supporté sur β-SiC pour la réaction d'oxydation directe de l'H2S en soufre élémentaire, du laboratoire à l'industrie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/NGUYEN_VAN_NUOI_Patrick_2006.pdf.
Full textMoreau, Jonathan. "Rationalisation de l'étape d'imprégnation de catalyseurs à base d'hétéropolyanions de molybdène supportés sur alumine." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865838.
Full textLaunay, Hélène. "Développement de catalyseurs à base d'oxyde de molybdène ou de vanadium supporté sur silice pour l'oxydation ménagée du méthane en formaldéhyde." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011544.
Full textLes catalyseurs ont été préparés et testés. Plusieurs voies d'amélioration de leurs performances catalytiques ont été étudiées. Différentes techniques (TRP, RPE, spectroscopies Raman, IR, XANES ...) et une étude spectroscopique en conditions operando ont été mises en œuvre pour caractériser la structure du catalyseur et la nature des sites catalytiques. Un mécanisme réactionnel a été proposé pour le catalyseur VOx/SiO2, faisant intervenir des espèces vanadium avec une activation du méthane sur des ions O- résultant d'un transfert électronique avec le vanadium.
Diebold, Carine. "Developpement de nouveaux catalyseurs au palladium supporté sur polymères ou nanoparticules de cobalt : application à la formation de liaisons carbone-carbone." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807363.
Full textWery, Madeleine. "Synthèse de catalyseurs de type coeur@coquille pour le procédé d’hydrodésulfuration en phase gazeuse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF036.
Full textIn hydrodesulfurization of fossil fuels, the sulfur levels are reduced by sulfur extraction from hydrocarbons by using supported catalysts (MoS2), doped (Co, Ni). Ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization will be achieved by improving new catalysts. Nanoparticles are a promising candidate with their high S/V ratio and permit to use the precise amount of metallic sulphide. The aim of this thesis is the synthesis of core@shell nanometric catalyst with improved activities. Core composed of Fe3O4 or nanodiamonds will be surrounded by a shell formed of MoS2, NiMoS, CoMoS or NiCoMoS, supported on TiO2, γ-Al2O3. Model reaction (thiophene) has allowed to compare conversion rates between each catalyst. Additionally, characterizations have provided a better understanding of the HDS catalyst structure and performances. Some factors have been investigated such as the size of the core, theinteractions between the core and the shell, the type of synthesis, the support chosen, the synergetic effect with doping ions and also the activation of the catalyst at low temperature
Kerric, Gaëlle. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux organostanniques sur support solide : utilisation en synthèse organique." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2109.
Full textPolymer-supported organotins are convenient reagents to achieve organic synthesis and to circumvent problems due to pollution by tin residues. First, we studied the reactivity and the recycling of a polymer-supported phenyltin reagent towards Stille cross-coupling. The low levels of tin and palladium in the cross-coupling products prompted us to synthesize other supported aryl-and heteroaryltins. In a second part, new functionalized grafted vinyl-, alcynyl-, allyltins were prepared and fully characterized by NMR HRMAS. These reagents were efficiently used in Stille cross-coupling for supported vinyltins and in the allylation of benzaldehyde for supported allyltins. Last, a new route to 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles was developed by using alkoxy organotins. This work exhibits the advantages of the solid-phase methodology namely its easy workup, which allows a very low level of tin contamination in the final products and the easy recycling of the polymer-supported organotin reagents
Marsault, Maxence. "Réseaux réguliers d'agrégats mono et bimétalliques sur des substrats d'alumine nanostructurée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22019/document.
Full textMetallic and bimetallic nanoparticles supported on oxides become increasingly used as model catalysts. However, their potential toward applications is not fully achieved because of a lack of knowledge of the nanoparticles properties. In order to understand the mechanisms of heterogeneous catalysis it is important to elaborate these model catalysts in controlling simultaneously the size, spatial distribution and chemical composition of these particles. Recently, we have shown that by using nanostructured ultrathin alumina film as a template, it was possible to obtain regular arrays of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles with independent control of size and chemical composition. These arrays of clusters are prepared by successive atomic deposition of two metals (Au, Pd), under UHV, on a nanostructured ultrathin alumina film
Delgado, Marco. "Complexes d'hafnium supportés sur γ-alumine : synthèse, caractérisation et application en polymérisation des oléfines." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10025.
Full textNew well-defined hafnium alkyl and hydrid complexes supported on γ-alumina dehydroxylatedt at 500°C, γ-Al2O3-(500°C), have been prepared. The structure of the surface complexes obtained by grafting Hf(CH2tBu)4, 1, on γ-alumina has been resolved by a combined experimental (mass balance analysis, labeling, in situ IR, NMR) and theoretical (DFT calculations) study. Thermolysis, oxidation and hydrogenolysis reactions have unambiguously proved the presence of two kinds of neopentyl-metal bonds: Hf-CH2tBu and Al-CH2tBu. Three coexisting surface complexes have been fully characterized and quantified: a monoaluminoxy- [(≡AlIVO)Hf(CH2tBu)3], a neutral bisaluminoxy [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2], and a zwitterionic bisaluminoxy complex [(≡AlIVO) (AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- in 40 %, 26 %, and 34 %, respectively. Hydrogenolysis reaction of these complexes leads to the formation at 150°C of [(AlsO)3HfH], (70-80%) and [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(H)]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- (20-30%). All these hafnium alkyl and hydrides are active in α-olefin polymerization in absence of a co-catalyst
Lesage, Olivier, and Olivier Lesage. "Développement d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée pour le traitement d'effluents aqueux contaminés par des polluants réfractaires : étude d'un procédé de décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique couplé à un catalyseur supporté." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25272.
Full textDans ces travaux de recherche nous avons cherché à développer et optimiser un procédé d’oxydation avancée dédié au traitement de l’eau. Pour cela, Nous avons développé un procédé combinant la génération de radicaux hydroxyles par décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique et un catalyseur fixe. L’originalité de ce travail a été d’utiliser un système d’écoulement permettant l’obtention d’un film liquide (épaisseur < 1mm) afin de permettre une interaction entre le plasma, le liquide et la surface catalytique. Les résultats ont montré que la décharge de type DBD était préférable au Glidarc, plus thermique, plus énergétique et produisant trop de NOx. Les valeurs d’efficacités respectives ont été de 0,67 g.kWh-1 (DBD) et 0,23 g.kWh-1 (Glidarc). Les résultats ont également montré que le matériau de la surface d’écoulement pouvait influencer l’efficacité du procédé. Ainsi dans le cas du laiton, la présence de réactions de corrosion produisant des NO2- réduit l’efficacité de moitié comparée à une plaque d’acier. Le développement d’un modèle CFD 1D du procédé a également été effectué. Celui-ci a permis d’estimer que l’efficacité énergétique de production des HO⋅ est de 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 pour la décharge DBD. Il a également permis de montrer que les facteurs majoritairement limitants étaient la présence de réactions parasites telles que la recombinaison des HO⋅. Le modèle a également montré que les réactions chimiques ne durent pas plus de 1µs après l’impact du streamer et n’ont lieu que dans les premiers 5% d’épaisseur de liquide. Enfin, un dépôt catalytique de DLC dopé à l’argent et réalisé par rf-PECVD a permis d’améliorer de près de 10% l’efficacité maximale du procédé. Mots clés : Procédé d’Oxydation Avancée, décharge à barrière diélectrique, Glidarc, dépollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyseur, argent, modélisation CFD.
The aim of this research lies in the development and optimization of an advanced oxidation process dedicated to wastewater treatment. This process combines an atmospheric plasma discharge with an immobilized catalyst (Ag-DLC) in order to generate hydroxyl radicals. The novelty of this work relies in the use of a falling thin film system (thickness < 1mm) to promote the interaction between plasma discharge, the solution and the catalytic surface. The results demonstrate the interest of employing a Dielectric Barrier Discharge configuration instead of a Glidarc system. Indeed, the Glidarc system leads to a too high production level of NOx. The efficiencies of these two processes were respectively 0,67 g.kWh-1 and 0,23 g.kWh-1 for the DBD and the Glidarc system. Moreover, the influence of the counter-electrode / flowing plate material on the process efficiency was pointed out. Compared to stainless steel, the presence of corrosion reactions on the brass surface produced NO2- and thus, reduced the process efficiency. The production of HO⋅ radicals at the plasma / water interface was estimated to be 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 by the use of 1D CFD modeling. Side reactions such as HO⋅ recombinaison appear as the major limiting factors. Futhermore the model demonstrates that the time needed to complete all the chemical reactions was less than 1 µs and these reactions occurred only in the first 5% of the top liquid film. Finally with an Ag-DLC based catalytic coating elaborated by RF-PECVD, the efficiency was increased to 10% compared to the best efficiency observed with the non-catalytic system. Keywords : Advanced Oxidation Process, Dielectric barrier discharge, Glidarc, depollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyst, silver, CFD modelling.
The aim of this research lies in the development and optimization of an advanced oxidation process dedicated to wastewater treatment. This process combines an atmospheric plasma discharge with an immobilized catalyst (Ag-DLC) in order to generate hydroxyl radicals. The novelty of this work relies in the use of a falling thin film system (thickness < 1mm) to promote the interaction between plasma discharge, the solution and the catalytic surface. The results demonstrate the interest of employing a Dielectric Barrier Discharge configuration instead of a Glidarc system. Indeed, the Glidarc system leads to a too high production level of NOx. The efficiencies of these two processes were respectively 0,67 g.kWh-1 and 0,23 g.kWh-1 for the DBD and the Glidarc system. Moreover, the influence of the counter-electrode / flowing plate material on the process efficiency was pointed out. Compared to stainless steel, the presence of corrosion reactions on the brass surface produced NO2- and thus, reduced the process efficiency. The production of HO⋅ radicals at the plasma / water interface was estimated to be 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 by the use of 1D CFD modeling. Side reactions such as HO⋅ recombinaison appear as the major limiting factors. Futhermore the model demonstrates that the time needed to complete all the chemical reactions was less than 1 µs and these reactions occurred only in the first 5% of the top liquid film. Finally with an Ag-DLC based catalytic coating elaborated by RF-PECVD, the efficiency was increased to 10% compared to the best efficiency observed with the non-catalytic system. Keywords : Advanced Oxidation Process, Dielectric barrier discharge, Glidarc, depollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyst, silver, CFD modelling.
Lesage, Olivier. "Développement d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée pour le traitement d'effluents aqueux contaminés par des polluants réfractaires : étude d'un procédé de décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique couplé à un catalyseur supporté." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069381.
Full textTruyen, Dimitri. "Elaboration par voie sol-gel de revêtements catalytiques sur substrat métallique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/615/.
Full textThe aim of the study was to elaborate metallic supported catalysts by sol-gel route stable at high temperature (< 700°C). Both oxydes TiO2 and Zr0. 5Ce0. 5O2 have been studied. The study was mainly to synthesize an oxyde used as support and having a high surface and a high porosity. From stable colloïdal sols, we pointed out the interest to perform nanometric particles and to stabilize TiO2 anatase phase in order to keep small size cristallized domains. The influence of a polymer has been shown to decrease the sintering phenomenon and so to increase the porosity of the oxyde. Interactions between particles in sols are of great importance because they involve particular stacking of the particles during gelification and after calcination. The interactions between particles are different according to the ionic strength and pH of the medium. In order to decrease the sintering phenomenon, alumina nanoparticles have been added and used as steric barriers between ceria-zirconia particles. We defined several systems of interactions to elaborate a porous stacking with a high surface area. Particles size and porosity analysis have been performed to suggest stacking models. Several catalysts have been prepared using Rh, Ru, Pt according to different formulations in order to obtain adherent catalytic films deposited onto stainless steel substrate. Then, catalysts have been tested for complete CO oxidation reaction and best results have been measured for Zr0. 5Ce0. 5O2 - Pt deposited catalyst
Sharma, Amit. "Catalytic Reaction Engineering using Ionic liquids : Hydroformylation of 1-Octene." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT015G/document.
Full textA chemical reaction engineering approach is applied to the hydroformylation of 1-octene using lipophobic complexes of rhodium prepared from Rh(CO)2(acac) in ionic liquid phase ([Bmim] [PF6]) or in the ionic liquid phase supported on silica. As the reaction is controlled by the concentration of the reagents in the catalytic ionic liquid phase, the concentrations of both gases (H2 and CO) and also of 1-octene are measured at various temperatures and pressures as an initial step. Different methods are used for the measurement of the olefin solubility inside the ionic liquid: thermogravimetry and multiple headspace chromatography, in the presence of solvent (decane) and reaction product (nonanal). The gas-liquid mass transfer, which can be a rate controlling step in these viscous media, is also measured by a dynamic technique of pressure variation, both in case of pure ionic liquid and biphasic mixture of ionic liquid and organic phase, in an autoclave reactor with self induced stirrer. A general correlation is proposed showing the strong influence of the agitation speed. A kinetic study is realized in no gas–liquid nor organic–ionic liquid mass transfer limiting conditions (chemical regime) with TPPTS as ligand. The usual hydroformylation behaviour is observed, as already found in organic phase or in aqueous phase: order close to 1 for H2, inhibition by CO at large concentration, and high activation energy. If the turnover frequency is suitable (70 h-1), the n/iso ratio is very low which is not favourable to this catalytic system. Some experimental results also allow a first analysis of biphasic catalysis with sulfoxantphos ligand and of ionic liquid phase supported catalysis with TPPTS ligand
Kacem, Majdi. "Inactivation bactérienne par photocatalyse hétérogène : application à Escherichia Coli." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0018/document.
Full textThe study presented in this paper is part of the reuse of treated wastewater by advanced oxidation process (AOP), the heterogeneous photocatalysis. This process, coupling the UV radiation and the use of a photocatalyst (TiO2) in a reactor, is envisaged as tertiary treatment process for disinfection of said secondary effluent. Photocatalytic experiments were performed on a target bacterium, E. coli. They were conducted in batch and continuous mode. The experiments in batch mode were performed under controlled irradiation and sunlight. The experimental data obtained under controlled irradiation allowed the comparison of the bactericidal performance of different catalysts. They led in parallel to the definition of a representative kinetic model of the bactericidal capacity of each medium. Solar experiments were used to validate the kinetic model under solar irradiation and then to study the bacterial inactivation in a real effluent. Furthermore, the potential of the photocatalytic bactericidal treatment at steady state was evaluated. The operation of the continuous process has been thoroughly described by a kinetic model based on the kinetic law originally defined in batch mode. Finally, inactivation of E. coli was evaluated by different bacterial quantification techniques. This has made it possible to highlight the main mechanism of the photocatalytic bacterial inactivation, the membrane lysis. It provided information about the "real" state of the bacteria viability during the photocatalytic treatment
Brabant, Cathy. "Promotion par le lanthane des catalyseurs à base de cobalt pour la réaction Fischer-Tropsch." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10046/document.
Full textThe work exposed in this manuscript concerns the study of cobalt supported catalysts on alumina modified by lanthanum addition for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FT). Modified supports are prepared by wetness impregnation of alumina with a lanthanum nitrate solution (La: 0-20 wt%). After a calcination step, modified support is impregnated with a cobaltous nitrate solution (Co: 10 wt%) followed by a calcination step at 400°C in air. The catalysts were then activated by reduction in hydrogen at 400°C and the catalytic performance was evaluated. The effect of the La/Co ratio and calcination conditions of the modified supports (400°C or 800°C, in air or under vacuum) on the nature and dispersion of species before and after reduction has been studied. Then the major part of this study concerns the characterization of supports and catalysts at each preparation step by various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that a calcination at 800°C of the modified support does not limit the interaction of cobalt with the support and leads to low activity. The formation of a perovskite structure is proposed. For the catalysts prepared from modified supports calcined at 400°C, a strong impact of the La/Co ratio on the structure and the reducibility of the phases is observed. A surface analysis by XPS and LEIS leads to propose a distribution scheme of oxide species on the surface. A content of 10% of lanthanum allows to reduce the formation of cobalt aluminate and get a low methane selectivity
Medard, Nicolas. "Elaboration par la technique des plasmas froids de nouveaux catalyseurs métallocène supportés par un film polymère." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009643.
Full textLes espèces réactives du plasma de dioxyde de carbone (ions, métastables,...) induisent une modification des propriétés physico-chimiques superficielles du polymère se traduisant principalement par une fonctionnalisation sous forme de groupements oxygénés. Une dégradation superficielle ainsi qu'une cristallisation et une réticulation sont également observées. La fonctionnalisation superficielle sous forme d'acides carboxyliques se produit suivant un mécanisme faisant intervenir les espèces actives CO2 du plasma. L'oxygène atomique (O3P et/ou O1D) créé lors de la décharge plasma apparaît largement responsable du processus de dégradation se caractérisant par l'apparition d'une faible rugosité en surface du matériau ainsi que par la formation de produits de faible masse.
La fixation du catalyseur métallocène (Ind2MCl2) a été réalisée par étapes successives sur le support de polyéthylène traité. L'existence d'une seule espèce catalytique liée à la surface de façon covalente permet la synthèse de polymères de distribution en masse étroite. La réutilisation du catalyseur supporté, sans perte notable d'activité, ni modification des caractéristiques du polymère synthétisé, est également montrée. Une modélisation moléculaire permet de définir la conformation méso comme étant d'un point de vue énergétique la plus stable et ce, de façon d'autant plus marquée que les interactions entre ligands aromatiques augmentent. La nature de la tacticité du polystyrène synthétisé est expliquée par la conformation du catalyseur supporté.
Bueno, Alejandra. "Catalyst supports with hierarchical and radial porosity : preparation, characterization and catalytic evaluation." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1249.
Full textThe vast majority of chemical processes are catalytic. Within the heterogeneous catalysis, industrial catalysts are bodies whose size ranges between 1 mm to 1 cm. For most catalysts, the active phase (i.e. metal nanoparticles) is dispersed in a mesoporous support having a high specific surface area. To overcome the problem of internal diffusional limitation, a secondary network of macropores is introduced within the catalyst support. This improves the diffusion of substrates. However, in the case where the catalytic reaction is particularly fast, the diffusion inside the porous support can remain limiting (Thiele modulus), resulting in a loss of catalytic effectiveness. The objective of this thesis is to study the catalytic effectiveness of a new alumina-based support shaped into spherical pellets, owing a radial macroporosity. In order to quantify the impact of this new porous structure, two model catalytic reactions were chosen to test the catalysts: CO oxidation and isooctane cracking. The catalytic activity was compared to reference commercial supports owing hierarchical porosity. For both reactions, the new support with radial porosity increases the activity from 25 to 95% approximately. On the basis of a fine characterization of the porosity of the beads (adsorption N2-77k, porosimetry Hg, X-ray microtomography), the catalytic activities were modeled. We conclude that the impact on the catalytic activity is essentially due to the radial porous design
Jouannin, Claire. "Apport des polysaccharides marins pour la catalyse en phase liquide ionique supportée." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2035.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the contribution of marine polysaccharides to the supported ionic liquid catalysis. Alginates and chitosan are the two polysaccharides used to prepare supports with different porosity and functionality. The immobilization of the ionic liquid phase onto the biopolymer supports was performed by two ways: by adsorption and by confinement. Biopolymer supported ionic liquid catalysts (biopolymer-SILCs) were prepared in the form of beads, cylindrical scaffolds and discs, for applications in batch systems as well as in continuous flow. The textural properties, the stability, the ionic liquid and catalyst loadings of the biopolymer-SILCs were determined and the catalytic species identified. The performance and limitations of the biopolymer-SILCs were then evaluated in two model pallado-catalyzed reactions: the allylic substitution of Tsuji-Trost and the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds, this last reaction being performed in aqueous medium. These studies highlight the influence of processing parameters of biopolymer-SILCs on their structure and on their catalytic activity
Courtois, Xavier. "Préparation, caractérisation et activité en catalyse trois-voies automobile de catalyseurs cuivre-rhodium supportés." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10258.
Full textSchweizer, Stéphane. "Développement de catalyseurs réutilisables au palladium supporté sur polymère : applications à la formation de liaisons carbone-carbone." Mulhouse, 2008. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/developpement-de-catalyseurs-reutilisables-au-palladium-supporte-sur-polymere-applications-a-la-form/BUS4085749.
Full textPalladium-catalyzed reactions have now a crucial importance for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The usual homogeneous catalysts present two major disadvantages : firstly they are very expensive and usually cannot be recovered for reuse, only the precious metal itself can be recovered, secondly traces of palladium remain in waste and products, which requires expensive purification steps of the products. We have therefore prepared reusâble heterogeneous catalysts, where the palladium is supported on a polymer bearing various phosphino groups, prepared from a Merrifield polymer. Catalysts possessing diarylphosphino ligands are very efficient for the Suzuki coupling reactions from aryl brodes, and for the Heck and Sonogashira reactions from aryl iodides, in the presence of 0. 5 to 2. 5 milliequivalents of supported palladium. To perform the Suzuki coupling from aryl chlorides, which possess only a weak reactivity, but are cheap and easily accessible, we have prepared catalysts bearing alkylarylphosphino ligands. These catalysts are more sensitive in the presence of protic solvents, (specific experimental conditions for the coupling reaction had to be devised) but also much more reactive. Excellent yields were obtained for the coupling reactions from many aryl chlorides. We patented this supported catalyst, which is the first catalyst of general use for this coupling reaction from aryl chlorides. All our supported catalysts could be reused many times without showing any loss of efficiency and palladium losses are minimal (some microequivalents of the substrate)
Wang, Weili. "De la catalyse homogène vers la catalyse hétérogène pour l'époxydation sans solvant à partir de (pré)catalyseurs du molybdène." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30189/document.
Full textThe work of this PhD thesis deals with the study of molybdenum complexes of general formula [MoO2L]n (L being a tridentate Schiff base ligand with an ONO or ONS coordination sphere around the molybdenum) as catalysts for the organic solvent-free epoxidation of olefins. Within the spirit of Green Chemistry, the work has focused on four of the twelve Green Chemistry principles: the use of catalysis rather than stoichiometric transformations, the use of organic solvent-free procedures rather than operating in solution of organic solvents, the use of renewable substrates and the grafting of catalysts for their recovery. The first part of the manuscript presents a concise state of the art on the chemistry of molybdenum complexes with ligands similar to those used within the thesis. Specific aspects such as the effect of ligand substituents and the different activities - mainly catalytic - observed in organic media are reviewed. A section of this chapter is dedicated to the different strategies employed for the grafting of molybdenum complexes to solid supports as well as to the use of the resulting supported complexes in heterogenized homogeneous catalysis. The next chapter details the synthesis and characterization of all the molecular complexes used as catalysts. This chapter shows the different substitutions operated on the ligands, i.e. changing the ONO coordination sphere to ONS and adding different substituents on the ligands, i.e. OH free functions or additional donor (diethylamino) and/or withdrawing (nitro) substituents at different positions on the tridentate ligand in order to modify the catalytic activity. Six of the synthesized complexes could be characterized by X-ray crystallography. The third chapter reports the results obtained for the catalyzed organic solvent-free epoxidation of cyclooctene as a model substrate using all the molybdenum complexes presented in the previous chapter. It is shown that the nature of the coordination sphere around the molybdenum (ONO vs ONS) is in favour of the latter in terms of catalytic activity towards the formation of the desired epoxide. The catalyzed reactions with complexes containing an OH substituent at different positions on the aromatic ring have shown more significant effects in the case of the ONO coordination sphere than in the corresponding ONS case. The epoxidation performed in the presence of a dimethylamino and/or a nitro substituent on the ONO ligand revealed that the catalytic activity is enhanced by the electron withdrawing group. The catalytic investigations were pursued by the epoxidation of cyclohexene and of one natural substrate, limonene. This study has shown that limonene oxides and/or limonene diols are generated, depending on the nature of the catalyst. The ONS complexes are very reactive and quickly lead to the limonene diols. The effect of different parameters has been studied with particular attention to the reaction temperature. Finally, one stable molybdenum complex with an ONO coordination sphere has been grafted onto a commercial Merrifield resin. Different grafting strategies are presented. The isolated objects have been tested as catalysts under organic solvent-free conditions for the epoxidation of cyclooctene. The catalytic results are promising in terms of activity and the recovery/recycling tests have shown that the catalysts could be used three times without significant decrease of conversion and selectivity, but some metal leaching was observed
Chateau, Laurence. "Etude de la reaction de carbonylation du methanol en catalyse heterogene sur des catalyseurs rhodium supporte." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13131.
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Harmel, Justine. "Synthèse de nano-catalyseurs hybrides à base de cobalt pour la catalyse Fischer-Tropsch." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0035/document.
Full textDue to the decreasing the oil resources, and because of the the fluctuations of the price as a result of the geopolitical context, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, that enables the production of hydrocarbons form the syngas mixture (CO and H2) in the presence of a catalyst based on cobalt or iron, has recently gained a renewed interest from industrial as well as form the academic communities. Although this reaction was discovered in 1923 by the Germans Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch, the mechanisms that come into play during this reaction and the crucial properties of the catalyst properties remain uncertain. In this context, the work presented in this thesis, aims to investigate the impact of parameters such as the crystallographic structure and the shape of the cobalt nano-objects, which is the active phase of the catalyst for this reaction. For this purpose, model cobalt nano-objects were synthetized and their catalytic properties were studied. As a first step, a cobalt based catalyst exhibiting an hcp crystallographic structure and an anisotropic shape was prepared via a synthetic route involving the decomposition of an organometallic precursor of cobalt and leading to the formation of anisotropic cobalt nano-objects. Catalytic tests were then conducted in a slurry reactor, in collaboration with an industrial partner, IFP-EN. This collaboration allowed performing catalytic studies under conditions that are very close to the actual industrial conditions. These studies revealed an increased stability of these catalysts compared to reference catalysts that deactivate with time. Finally, several cobalt-based catalysts, supported on innovative supports, such as macrostuctured supports, allowing a better control of the exothermicity, were prepared and their catalytic properties studied on a fixed-bed reactor that was set up during the course of this thesis work
Rechavi-Robinson, Dalit. "Catalyse asymétrique hétérogène à l'aide de ligand bis(oxazoline) supporté." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10036.
Full textGheek, Priyanka. "Catalytic nitrate reduction in water." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ021S.
Full textWe chose to study the catalytic conversion of dissolved nitrate, which are a major cause of water contamination. It is a complex process into several steps following the reaction: NO3- → NO2-→ [NO] → N2 + NH4+ + + OH- The scientific goal of this thesis was to determine a relationship between the physico-chemical structure of catalysts and their activity and selectivity in the reduction of nitrates. The reaction kinetics were also studied in relation to the structure of catalysts. The work focused around the following points: 1. Preparation of catalyst supports: Two main groups of materials were studied: carbon materials and inorganic materials that have been modified by acid or base treatment or by deposit oxides (Al2O3, ZrO2 alone or in mixture). 2. Synthesis of catalyst: oxides of noble and transition metals have been established on the supports. Systems with monometallic Pt and Pd and bimetallic Pd-Cu have been studied and characterized by many techniques. The effectiveness of these materials was determined depending on their catalytic activity. 3. Determination of the catalytic properties: The role and effect of parameters such as support, type of medium, active phase composition, the presence of inorganic salts in the reaction medium, nature of reducing on the rate of nitrate reduction and selectivity of the reactions were widely studied. The debate highlights the combination support / most effective catalyst for denitrification of drinking water
Harle, Virginie. "Nouveaux supports TiO2-Al2O3 pour les catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement : de la synthèse à la compréhension de l'effet de support." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10193.
Full textMichelot, Audric. "Immobilisation de catalyseurs sur un support solide inorganique à l'aide d'une chaîne moléculaire afin de permettre leur recyclage." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30345/document.
Full textThe asymmetric catalysis in homogeneous phase experienced a rapid development over the past decades and many complexes or ligands have been described in the literature. The separation and effective recycling of the catalyst (or ligands) appears expensive and as one of the challenges that combines both expectations of industrial organic synthesis and green chemistry. Among the various solutions proposed, immobilization of the catalyst on a solid support (powder) using a "molecular chain" appears as a seductive answer: the catalyst (metal-ligand pair) is recovered by simple filtration and can be reused. Our project is centered on chiral catalysts developed by our team and applied under Suzuki-Miyaura reactions and asymmetric hydrogenation. The use of hydroxyapatite (HAP) as organometallic catalysts inorganic support is a virtually unexplored field which nevertheless anchored in a process of sustainable development by responding to environmental and economic concerns: biocompatible synthetic materials in aqueous media (no organic solvent). We focused in particular grafting the HAP surface with functionalized alkoxysilanes (R-Si(OR')3). The nature of the interaction has been studied by various techniques (FTIR spectroscopy, Raman, NMR, XRD, SEM, TEM, etc.). These supports have shown moderate results in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. The use of mesoporous silica as a support has also been studied. We synthesized a variant of a functionalized ligand P,S ferrocenic have demonstrated good activities and enantioselectivities in homogeneous catalysis. Grafted on different media (HAP, silica, ...), we have made the first tests in catalysis of asymmetric hydrogenation and compared the influence of the media on activity
Autin, Francis. "Hydrogénation sélective d'esters méthyliques insaturés (oléate de méthyle) en alcools insaturés (alcool oléique) en présence de catalyseurs contenant du cobalt (ou du ruthénium) et de l'étain." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2282.
Full textPENGUILLY, VANESSA DE. "Etude de catalyseurs bimetalliques pt - w supportes sur alumine : vers un suivi moleculaire des interactions metal / support au cours des etapes de la preparation d'un catalyseur a 3 composantes." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066587.
Full textKarouia, Fouad. "Traitement thermique de boehmite de taille et forme de particules contrôlées : vers l'optimisation des propriétés de l'alumine gamma." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2673/.
Full textTransition aluminas, and especially gamma-alumina, are widely used as catalyst supports. Their synthesis requires a thermal activation step. This transformation is a key industrial process since it will determine the structural, textural and surface properties of these materials. Thus the development of innovative catalyst supports implies that this thermal activation process should be understood and mastered. The goal of this study was to understand and control the physicochemical processes involved during the thermal activation of boehmite. First, we studied the impact of boehmite crystallite morphology on the dehydration temperature. We showed that the dehydration temperature was strongly dependent on the size and shape of the boehmite crystallites. A thermodynamic model, taking into account the surface energy contribution, allowed to fully accounting for these experimental findings. For instance, the transformation temperature increases from 260 to 360°C when diamond shaped (50/50 basal/lateral) crystallite grew up from 3 to 10 nm. Furthermore we studied the effect of steam on the kinetics of the transformation. The reaction order with respect to water was negative which was expected because steam is a product of the reaction, and it changed with the extent of reaction. Finally we applied these results to the optimization of the thermal activation step for hydrotreating catalyst supports, which enabled to lower the activation temperature from 540 to 450°C. These results were validated by catalytic tests showing that only catalysts supported on boehmite heated at 450°C had similar activities as the reference catalyst evincing the thermal activation control benefit
Ninh, Thi Kim Thoa. "Une nouvelle approche dans l’évaluation de l’effet de support des catalyseurs d’hydrodésulfuration." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10028/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work was to evaluate the support and the promoting effect on the catalytic properties of HDS catalysts. In order to obtain appropriate catalytic systems, we applied the “acac method” which consists to add the promoter as an acetylacetonate complex (of Co, Ni or Fe) onto the supported molybdenum sulfide (on γ-Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and ZrO2). The various solids obtained were characterized by TEM, IR(CO) and XPS in particular to quantify the active phases, and then they have been tested in the HDS reactions of thiophene and 4,6-DMDBT. The catalytic activity has been correlated to the characterization datas by a new approach which consists in calculating the apparent catalytic activity by NiMoS or CoMoS site. This approach showed that the quality of the active sites is the best on SiO2 and comparable on γ-Al2O3, TiO2 and ZrO2. Moreover, this “acac method” allowed us to study supported CoNiMoS catalysts synthesized by adding Co and Ni either simultaneously or successively to MoS2. This study represents an important experimental contribution which allow to discuss the hypothesis developped in theoretical studies about the different affinities of Co and Ni for the S-edge and Mo-edge on γ-Al2O3 and TiO2
Tountian, Dihourahouni. "Hydrogénation électrocatalytique : effet de la conductivité et de la fonctionnalisation du support des nanoagrégats métalliques, utilisation du dioxyde d’étain comme support." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/TOUNTIAN_Dihourahouni_2009.pdf.
Full textThe electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) is a heterogeneous catalysis in which the nature of the electrode material is of high importance. New composites electrocatalysts (conductor and non-conductor) of palladium nanoparticles supported on tin dioxide were prepared by three different methods for phenol and cyclohexanone ECH. The results presented in this thesis show that the conductivity of the electrode material is an important factor in the ECH process. When the support material is conductor, there is an effective production of chemisorbed hydrogen by simultaneous polarization of all the metallic nanoparticles which contributes to greater efficiency of hydrogenation. Also, the ECH is pH dependent and this dependency is reflected by the variation in molecular species in solution and their adsorption on the electrode. The in situ functionalization of electrode materials by carboxylic acids with different side chains allowed controlling the adsorption step (rate-determining step) and thus modulating the efficiency of hydrogenation. This result opens up promising prospects for selective and enantioselective hydrogenation
Arii, Sandrine. "Oxydation du CO sur des catalyseurs supportés à base d'or produits par vaporisation laser : effet de support et d'alliage." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10143.
Full textBreuzard, Jérémy. "Nouveaux ligands chiraux pour l'hydroformylation énantiosélective : catalyse homogène, supportée et biphasique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10259.
Full textFoveau, Sophie-Charlotte. "Oxydation ménagée du méthane en formaldéhyde sur hétéropolyanions déposés sur silice." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-294.pdf.
Full textBanet, Philippe. "Elaboration de catalyseurs supportés de polymérisation." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20167.
Full textRivera, Cárcamo Camila. "Atomes isolés supportés sur des matériaux carbonés pour la catalyse de réactions d'hydrogénation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30174.
Full textThis research work focuses on the preparation of carbon-based single atom (SA) catalysts and their applicability on hydrogenation reactions. Chapter 1 correspond to a comprehensive review over experimental and computational studies aiming at: i) preparing SAC on carbon materials, ii) understanding the metal-support interactions in SAC, and iii) studying how this relates to catalytic performances. In Chapter 2 we were able to understand the possibility of producing different Ru@fullerene nanostructures that can be nanometrically modulated by varying the conditions during their synthesis, solvent and Ru/C60 ratio, through well-defined nanoparticles (NP) to very small clusters and even single atoms (SA) with a high metallic loading (~ 6-20wt%). We applied these nanostructures as catalysts in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, finding that Ru SA is less efficient than Ru NP, performance that was also studied by DFT calculations. Chapter 3, details a new and straightforward protocol for the creation of vacancies over carbonaceous supports. We propose that is possible to create defects/vacancies over the supports by a controlled subsequent two-steps process, which comprises the subsequent creation and composition of surface oxygen groups. Magnetic characterization reflexed the presence of this reactive species with a paramagnetic behavior raising form possible radicals species on the surface. Afterwards, we showed that was possible to use such defects as anchoring point to successfully stabilize single metallic atoms (Ru, Pd, Pt, Ni, Cu, Co, Ir) with a loading up to ~ 1.6wt%. Also, by improving this method, we arrived to be capable to control the ratio SA/NP for a given metallic loading ranging from 10 to 200. Chapter 4, through a combined experimental-theoretical study, we provide an explanation of the influence of structural characteristics of Pd/C catalysts for alkene hydrogenation. Highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles (PdNP) are necessary to activate dihydrogen. A high concentration of surface defects on the carbon support is necessary to stabilize Pd single atoms (PdSA), which coexist with PdNP on Pd/C catalysts. A high concentration of oxygenated surface groups is also necessary on the carbon support to allow hydrogen spillover. We demonstrate that such combination allows a cooperative catalysis to operate between PdNP and PdSA that involve the formation of PdSA-H species, which are much more active than PdNP-H for alkene hydrogenation but also isomerization. Indeed, for myrcene hydrogenation activity variations of several orders of magnitude were measured as a function of the value of this ratio SA/NP. We show that the control of this ratio allows the development of a new generation of highly active catalysts integrating the ultra-rational use of precious metals in short supply. Finally, Chapter 5, focuses on the catalytic performance of SA catalysts in carbon dioxide hydrogenation. The results show highest activity for Pt as well as 99% selectivity to CO. On the other hand, Ru catalysts had highest selectivity to CH4
Peirano, Blondet Francisco José. "Catalyse supportée sur chitosane : étude et comparaison de différents conditionnements du biopolymère sur des réactions d'hydrogénation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11033.pdf.
Full textChitosan, in different forms, has been used as catalyst support for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds using sodium formate or hydrogen gas as hydrogen donor. Different techniques have been applied to characterize these catalysts in terms of physical and/or physicochemical properties and diffusion properties. The study of reaction parameters shows the impact of diffusion limitations over the conversion yield and kinetics. The controlling parameters for hollow fiber systems are : Pd content, substrate concentration, residence time, temperature and nature of solvent. Catalytic performances were evaluated to optimize the utilization of precious metals. The increase of Pd quantity in the fiber do not necessarily leads to a proportional increase of conversion yields. An excess of Pd quantity can induce variation in the size of nanocrystallites (which can in turn result in the reduction of catalytic activity)