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Journal articles on the topic 'Catalyst ink'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

KIM, Sungmin, Yun Sik Kang, Iksung Lim, et al. "Effect of Post-Heat Treatment of Catalysts Under Various Gas Conditions on the Microstructure of Catalysts Ink and Electrode for PEMFC." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 2986. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02442986mtgabs.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy, producing electricity through a high-efficiency, ecofriendly energy conversion device. While PEMFCs are commercialized now, enhancing their competitiveness compared to other energy sources is critical and requires an understanding of the microstructure of the membrane-electrode assembly. Typically, fuel cell electrodes are manufactured by coating an electrolyte membrane with catalyst inks composed of electrode catalyst, ionomer, and solvent or additives. To maximize the perform

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2

Lee, Seon-Ho, Seunghee Woo, Yun Sik Kang, Seokhee Park, and Sung-Dae Yim. "Evaluating Ink Structure Using Ultrasonic Spray Coating for PEMFC MEA." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371739mtgabs.

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From the standpoint of improving manufacturing productivity and performance/durability of PEMFC MEAs, there is an increasing interest in ink. Ink research is centered on comprehending the interplay between the components of the ink, including catalysts, ionomers, and solvents, to control the ink structure and evaluate its influence on ink properties, catalyst layer microstructure, and fuel cell performance. As a facet of this ink research, the current study proposes ultrasonic spray coating as a methodology to indirectly evaluate the ink structure. 50 wt% Pt/C catalysts loaded on Ketjenblack (

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3

Liu, Guangxin, David McLaughlin, Simon Thiele, and Chuyen Pham. "Linking Multicomponent Interactions of Catalyst Ink and Catalyst Layer Fabrication with Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction Performance." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 38 (2023): 2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01382238mtgabs.

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The controllable fabrication of catalyst layers (CL) by tuning the multiscale structure formation is complex but vital to achieving optimum CO2 reduction (CO2R) performance. The CL formation is deeply influenced by catalyst ink. An in-depth understanding on the role of each catalyst ink component and how multicomponent interactions affect ink status, catalyst layer structure, and CO2R performance is crucial. In this work, the roles of various ingredients of catalyst ink were systematically investigated from simple binary inks to complete catalyst inks. Our results showed Ag agglomerates can be

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Du, Shaojie, Shumeng Guan, Shirin Mehrazi, et al. "Effect of Dispersion Method and Catalyst on the Crack Morphology and Performance of Catalyst Layer of PEMFC." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (2021): 114506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3598.

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The effects of dispersion method for ink preparation and types of catalyst on the catalyst layer’s structure and characteristics were investigated. Catalyst layers prepared by two dispersion methods, i.e., sonication and ball-milling, and two types of catalyst: Pt-HSC (High Surface Area) and Pt-Vulcan XC-72, were fabricated. Viscosity, particle size distribution of the catalyst inks, catalyst layer’s surface properties, and cell performance were measured. Experimental results with the Pt-HSC at ionomer/carbon weight ratio 0.8 show that ink dispersity strongly depends on the mixing method and l

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Sasabe, Takashi, Toshihiko Ogura, Koki Okada, Haruto Oka, Katsunori Sakai, and Shuichiro Hirai. "Influence of Ethanol Decomposition on Dispersion of PEFC Catalyst Ink." ECS Transactions 112, no. 4 (2023): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11204.0093ecst.

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To achieve high power density operation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), it is required to realize higher performance catalyst layer. Because dispersion structure of catalyst ink strongly affects the catalyst layer structure, it is crucial to understand the dispersion mechanism of PEFC catalyst ink. Though water/ethanol solution is used as solvent of the catalyst ink, decomposition of ethanol by Platinum catalyst strongly affect dispersion of the catalyst ink. In this study, influence of ethanol decomposition on dispersion of catalyst inks were investigated. Among the decomposition b

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Park, Jaehyung, Nancy N. Kariuki, and Deborah J. Myers. "In-Situ X-Ray Scattering Study of Iridium Oxide Catalyst for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer during Ink Sonication and Drying Process." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 39 (2022): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02391420mtgabs.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) offer greenhouse gas emission-free hydrogen production for fuel cell vehicles and other industrial uses when using renewable energy sources [1]. Unsupported iridium oxide (IrO2) is the most active stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst utilized in the anode of the PEMWE [2]. The atomic and microstructure of IrO2 catalysts and electrodes and interactions between and ionomer and catalyst can affect the ultimate performance of the PEMWE anode. These properties and phenomena may be controlled by the interactions of the ionomer in t

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7

Khandavalli, Sunilkumar, Jaehyung Park, Robin Rice, et al. "Tuning the Rheology of Anode Inks with Aging for Low-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (2022): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401483mtgabs.

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Low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) are an attractive clean energy technology to produce hydrogen (H2), which is an energy carrier for several applications such as transportation and grid-scale energy storage and distribution (as supported by the US Department of Energy’s H2@Scale initiative). The catalyst layers -- composed of catalyst particles and ionomer, which acts as a binder for the catalyst and a proton conducting medium -- are key components of the PEMWE membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The catalyst layers are commonly fabricated by solution-proc

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8

Sasabe, Takashi, Toshihiko Ogura, Koki Okada, Haruto Oka, Katsunori Sakai, and Shuichiro Hirai. "Influence of Ethanol Decomposition on Dispersion of PEFC Catalyst Ink." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371740mtgabs.

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To achieve high power density operation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), it is required to realize high-performance catalyst layer with low oxygen transport resistance, high proton and electron conductivities, and high electrochemical surface area (ECSA) with low Platinum loading. Because dispersion structure of catalyst ink strongly affects porous structure of the catalyst layer, it is crucial for realization of high-performance catalyst layer to understand the dispersion mechanism of the catalyst ink. Our group has reported that decomposition of ethanol, as a solvent, by platinum c

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Liu, Huiyuan, Linda Ney, Nada Zamel, and Xianguo Li. "Effect of Catalyst Ink and Formation Process on the Multiscale Structure of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083776.

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The structure of a catalyst layer (CL) significantly impacts the performance, durability, and cost of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and is influenced by the catalyst ink and the CL formation process. However, the relationship between the composition, formulation, and preparation of catalyst ink and the CL formation process and the CL structure is still not completely understood. This review, therefore, focuses on the effect of the composition, formulation, and preparation of catalyst ink and the CL formation process on the CL structure. The CL structure depends on the microstructur

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Sasabe, Takashi, Toshihiko Ogura, Koki Okada, Katsunori Sakai, and Shuichiro Hirai. "(Digital Presentation) Investigation on Effects of I/C Ratio on Dispersion Structure of PEFC Catalyst Ink By Scanning Electron Assisted Dielectric Microscopy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 39 (2022): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02391433mtgabs.

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To achieve high power density operation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), it is required to realize higher performance catalyst layer with low oxygen transport resistance, high proton conductivity, and low Platinum loading. Because dispersion structure of catalyst ink strongly affects the catalyst layer structure, it is crucial to understand the dispersion mechanism of PEFC catalyst ink. We have reported that that solvent composition (ethanol concentration) of the catalyst ink strongly affect dispersion of the catalyst ink [1, 2], but effects of other components on the dispersion of t

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Mora, Joy Marie, and Po-Ya Abel Chuang. "Understanding PEMFC Catalyst Ink Component Interactions Using Rheo-Impedance Measurement." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 3037. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02443037mtgabs.

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Optimizing electrode performance remains a grand challenge for fuel cell researchers, particularly in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) catalyst layers (CLs). These layers are typically fabricated from inks containing carbon-supported platinum catalyst particles and ion-conducting polymer material, dispersed in a solvent solution. Variations in catalyst ink formulations result in distinct interactions among ink components, shaping the microstructure and performance of CLs. Additionally, fabrication processes play a crucial role in determining the final properties and microstructure of

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Karaca, Ali, Andreas Glüsen, Klaus Wippermann, et al. "Oxygen Reduction at PtNi Alloys in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells—Electrode Development and Characterization." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031115.

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Catalyst layers made from novel catalysts must be fabricated in a way that the catalyst can function to its full potential. To characterize a PtNi alloy catalyst for use in the cathode of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs), the effects of the manufacturing technique, ink composition, layer composition, and catalyst loading were here studied in order to reach the maximum performance potential of the catalyst. For a more detailed understanding, beyond the DMFCs performance measurements, we look at the electrochemically active surface area of the catalyst and charge-transfer resistance, as well a

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13

Rajupet, Siddharth, Clayton J. Radke, and Adam Z. Weber. "Nafion Adsorption in Proton Exchange Membrane Catalyst Inks and Its Impact on Fuel Cell Performance." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 3032. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02443032mtgabs.

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Electrochemical reactions in proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells occur within catalyst layers (CL). The catalyst layer consists of a porous network of metal-activated catalyst particles coated with an ion-conducting polymer binder (ionomer) that enables proton transport. Nafion, a perfluorinated sulfonic-acid polymer, is the common binder used and consists of a hydrophobic backbone with negatively charged sulfonic-acid side chains. Prior studies have shown the Nafion distribution in catalyst layers is nonuniform on both the nano1 and micrometer-scale.2 This inhomogeneity is thought to im

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14

Choi, Hyunguk, Won young Choi, Seo Won Choi, et al. "Advanced Decal Transfer in PEFC Electrode: Effect of Rheology Catalyst Inks and Decal Substrate Property." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 44 (2022): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02441658mtgabs.

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To address the global climate change issues, polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are receiving attention as electrochemical energy conversion devices employing green hydrogen. Notably, the PEFC fuel cell is because the electrochemical reaction occurs on the Catalyst Layer (CL), the CL is the core of the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). The conventional CL is usually prepared from catalyst ink comprising the various catalyst, ionomer, and solvents and deposited via blade coating to the decal substrate. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the optimal decal transfer conditions based on ana

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15

Murugaiah, Dhinesh Kumar, Muhammad Naoshad Islam, Kerrilee Stewart-Thomas, Jennie Eastcott, Himanshi Dhawan, and Samaneh Shahgaldi. "Role of Dispersion Methodology and Parameters in Fabricating Catalyst Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 40 (2025): 2095. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01402095mtgabs.

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A well-dispersed catalyst ink is achieved by breaking up larger catalyst (platinum supported high-surface carbon) agglomerates into homogeneous ink with smaller aggregates. The interaction between the ink constituents–catalyst, ionomer, solvent–during mixing facilitates the adsorption of ionomer onto the catalyst surfaces, creating an accessible triple-phase boundary for electrochemically active (Pt) sites. During coating, the inter-particle interaction (catalyst-ionomer | ionomer-ionomer, which includes between non-adsorbed ionomer in the ink) promotes the formation of continuous ionomer netw

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16

Park, Jaehyung, Nancy N. Kariuki, Deborah J. Myers, Tim Van Cleve, and Kenneth C. Neyerlin. "X-Ray Scattering Characterization of Pt and PtCo Catalyst Inks and Electrodes for PEFC Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 3038. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02443038mtgabs.

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The composition and processing of the catalyst-ionomer ink used to fabricate electrochemical energy conversion device electrodes can impact the final electrode microstructure and performance. Parameters influencing the microstructure and performance are, for example, solvent ratio, ink processing method and time, ionomer chemistry, and carbon morphology/porosity. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) cathodes are typically prepared by first dispersing a catalyst powder, comprised of platinum or platinum alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon blacks, with ionomer in solvents, followed by extens

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Li, Chenzhao, Shengwen Liu, Yachao Zeng, et al. "Rationally Designed PGM-Free Catalyst MEA with Extraordinary Performance." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (2022): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401487mtgabs.

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Platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts are the major electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the high cost of PGM catalysts is the major huddler for the widespread applications of fuel cell electric vehicles. To remove this cost obstacle of fuel cell commercialization, PGM-free catalysts have been considered as the replacement of PGM catalysts for ORR because of the low cost and relatively comparable performance with PGM catalyst. Fe-C-N complex is the one of the most active centers in PGM-Free catalyst groups. This t

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18

Kircher, Mario, Michaela Roschger, Wai Yee Koo, et al. "Effects of Catalyst Ink Storage on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Energies 16, no. 19 (2023): 7011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16197011.

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The shelf-life of catalyst ink for fabricating polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is relevant for large-scale manufacturing with unforeseen production stops. In this study, the storage effects on the physicochemical characteristics of catalyst ink (Pt/C, Nafion, 2-propanol, water) and subsequently manufactured catalyst layers are investigated. Sedimentation analysis showed that catalyst particles are not fully stabilized by charge interaction induced by Nafion. Acetone was found to be an oxidation product, even in freshly prepared ink with platinum catalyzing the reaction. Rotating disk el

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19

Henke, Kira Viktoria, Henning Weinrich, Hermann Tempel, and Rüdiger-A. Eichel. "Development of a Simple Ink Coating Procedure for BiVO₄ Photoanodes for Oxygen Evolution." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 47 (2023): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02472285mtgabs.

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Photoelectrodes can be implemented in electrochemical cells to accelerate the reaction kinetics of the intended reactions, utilizing the support of visible light. Especially, photoanodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of great interest for energy storage and conversion, since the OER is the anodic half-cell reaction of many Power-to-X technologies such as water splitting, CO2 electroreduction and metal-air battery recharge. However, the OER still limits their potential by being a kinetically hindered 4-electron transfer process. In previous research, bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has s

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Choi, Won young, Hyunguk Choi, Seo Won Choi, et al. "The Ionomer Molecular Structure Effect in the PEFC Ink & Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 41 (2022): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02411516mtgabs.

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The interaction between the perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer and platinum group metal (PGM) catalyst in polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) inks is a critical issue for designing high-performance PEFC electrodes. During the ink fabrication, the complex interparticle interaction of the ink components determines the agglomerate morphology and size distribution. Among the ink components, the ionomer, which has amphiphilic in nature due to its hydrophobic backbone and the hydrophilic ionic group, mostly effective parameter for interparticle interaction. Therefore, understanding the interacti

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Mora, Joy Marie, and Po-Ya Abel Chuang. "Investigation and Characterization of Interfacial Transport Phenomena in the Catalyst Layer Using Rheo-Impedance Measurement." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362114mtgabs.

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Electrodes or catalyst layers (CLs) are the heart of fuel cell and electrolyzer cell devices. They are mainly heterogeneous porous electrodes composed of catalyst particles, ion-conducting polymer material, and void spaces that make up the triple-phase boundary (TPB). It is important to tailor the CL’s microstructure such that there are abundant TPBs where reactions take place to maximize catalyst utilization and improve cell performance. However, this is a critical challenge due to lack of fundamental understanding of the interfacial transport within the CL. Understanding how catalyst ink par

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Wang, Liping, Jianchao Lee, Meijuan Zhang, Qiannan Duan, Jiarui Zhang, and Hailang Qi. "Fluorescence imaging technology (FI) for high-throughput screening of selenide-modified nano-TiO2 catalysts." Chemical Communications 52, no. 14 (2016): 2944–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc10436j.

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A high-throughput screening (HTS) method based on fluorescence imaging (FI) was built and applied to evaluate the catalytic performance of selenides-modified TiO<sub>2</sub>. A catalyst library comprising 1405 catalysts was established using color ink-jet printing technology.

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Park, Jaehyung, Nancy N. Kariuki, and Deborah J. Myers. "Microstructure Characterization of Catalysis Layers during Ink Drying Process for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351417mtgabs.

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A catalyst ink for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is generally prepared by various mixing methods by dispersing platinum or platinum alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon blacks with ionomers in a specific solvent or solvent combination. The catalyst ink is deposited on the surface of the membrane or diffusion media and is typically subjected to elevated temperatures to facilitate rapid removal of solvent. Large carbon agglomerates resulting from sub-optimal ink dispersion and drying conditions can limit catalyst utilization, inhibit mass transport in the catalyst layer, and da

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Hirose, Soichiro, Kosuke Takasugi, Trang Nakamoto, and Kozo Taguchi. "Cobalt-Intercalated Birnessite-Type Manganese Oxide Catalysts for Low-Cost Cathodes in Microbial Fuel Cells." Resourceedings 3, no. 3 (2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v3i3.1025.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising technology for solving energy and water pollution problems. However, to promote the practical application of MFC, it is necessary to solve the problems of power output and electrode cost simultaneously. Therefore, transition metal-based catalysts that can improve air cathode functionality without using platinum catalysts, which are commonly used, are attracting attention. In this experiment, a cobalt-intercalated birnessite-type manganese oxide catalyst was used as the cathode of the MFC. In addition, rice husk charcoal from agricultural waste and Su

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Cho, Minju, Sung Yong Cho, Youngick Cho, et al. "The Porous Structure Design of Catalyst Layer by Controlling Particle Size Distribution of PEMFC Catalyst Ink." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371736mtgabs.

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A general catalyst ink of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) consists of a catalyst, its support, an ionomer, and a solvent. These elements are made in the form of membrane electrode assembly(MEA) through grinding, dispersing, and coating processes. Therefore, the preparation of catalyst ink is an important step that directly affects the structure formation of the catalyst layer and the cell performance. In this study, by controlling the particle size distribution of the catalyst ink, we aim to achieve optimized pore structure in the catalyst layer that leads to improved performance of

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Macauley, Natalia, Derek James Strasser, Kathryn Coletti, et al. "Achieving High Performance with High Oxygen Permeability Ionomer (HOPI) in Heavy Duty Fuel Cell MEAs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362020mtgabs.

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Heavy-duty PEM fuel cells are expected to last 25,000-30,000 hours in the field. Therefore, materials, components, and interfaces used in these systems must be highly resistant to severe mechanical and chemical stress. Novel, highly active stable Pt and ordered PtCo intermetallic nanoparticles with well-controlled particle size and composition have been synthesized on a highly efficient PGM-free single metal active site rich carbon, to maximize their synergistic effects for enhanced performance and durability. Integrating these catalysts integrated with high O2 permeability ionomer (HOPI) in m

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Takahashi, Sayaka, Toshio Iwataki, Tetsuro Tano, et al. "Performance and Durability of Membrane-Electrode Assemblies Using Non-Precious Metal Catalyst and a Hydrocarbon-Based Electrolyte for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 65 (2023): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02653162mtgabs.

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Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is operated in an alkaline environment and has a similar membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) structure to that of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). The use of non-noble metals as the electrocatalysts and operation at high current densities are inherently possible, so they are expected to be low-cost, high-performance candidates for next-generation water electrolysis systems. Improving the anion conductivity of the AEM and the activity of the non-precious metal catalysts is essential for the practical application of AEMWEs.1 Th

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Liu, Pengcheng, Daijun Yang, Bing Li, Cunman Zhang, and Pingwen Ming. "Influence of Degassing Treatment on the Ink Properties and Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Membranes 12, no. 5 (2022): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050541.

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Degradation occurs in catalyst inks because of the catalytic oxidation of the solvent. Identification of the generation process of impurities and their effects on the properties of HSC ink and LSC ink is crucial in mitigating them. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that oxidation of NPA and EA was the primary cause of impurities such as acetic acid, aldehyde, propionic acid, propanal, 1,1-dipropoxypropane, and propyl propionate. After the degassing treatment, the degradation of the HSC ink was suppressed, and the concentrations of ac

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Vu, Thu Ha Thi, Minh Dang Nguyen, and Anh Tuan Ngoc Mai. "Influence of Solvents on the Electroactivity of PtAl/rGO Catalyst Inks and Anode in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6649089.

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This paper presents research on the effects of common solvents such as n-butyl acetate, isopropanol, and ethanol on the properties and electroactivity of catalyst ink based on PtAl/rGO. The inks prepared by mixing PtAl/rGO catalyst, Nafion solution (5 wt%), and solvent were coated on carbon cloth by the spin coating method. The results obtained showed that ethanol was the most suitable solvent for the preparation of catalyst ink with a volume ratio between catalyst slurry and solvent of 1 : 1 (CI-EtOH (1/1) ink). The surface of the CI-EtOH (1/1) coated electrode was smooth, flat, and even and

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Bliznakov, Stoyan, Leonard J. Bonville, and Radenka Maric. "Development of Highly Active, Selective, and Durable Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Advanced Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Direct Seawater Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 49 (2024): 3535. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02493535mtgabs.

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Direct seawater electrolysis faces fundamental electrochemical challenges, such as suppression of chlorine adsorption and/or evolution reactions that poison the current state-of-the-art anode catalysts and accelerate the degradation processes in the anion exchange membrane (AEM). The technically favored solution path for addressing these issues includes development of novel selective catalysts and implementation of limited operating conditions. Therefore, development of highly active, selective, cost-effective, and stable seawater-splitting catalysts is required for a successful commercializat

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Macauley, Natalia, Sichen Zhong, Yachao Zeng, Bingzhang Zhang, Gang Wu, and Hui Xu. "Fabrication and Scale-up of Highly Durable Heavy Duty Fuel Cell MEAs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (2022): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351426mtgabs.

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Medium and heavy-duty PEM fuel cells operate under much harsher conditions than light duty fuel cells and are expected to last 25,000 hours in the field. These systems must therefore operate successfully in the presence of impurities, starting and stopping, freezing and thawing, humidity and load cycling. Therefore, materials, components, and interfaces used in such systems need to be highly resistant to severe mechanical and chemical stress. Novel, highly active stable Pt and ordered PtCo intermetallic nanoparticles with well-controlled particle size and composition have been synthesized on a

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Srivastav, Harsh, Adam Z. Weber, and Clayton J. Radke. "Predicting Fuel Cell Ink Aggregation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 41 (2022): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02411533mtgabs.

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Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) provide multisector decarbonization solutions including in transportation, manufacturing, and long-term energy storage. They have become increasingly popular in these areas due to their high efficiency, power density, and low (or zero) emissions compared to traditional fossil-fuel dependent processes. The PEFC catalyst layer is the most complex and key part of the cell, and is critical for optimizing PEFC performance. Several studies have explored the structure/function relationships of PEFC catalyst layers, yet the physics and interactions controlling it

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Tricker, Andrew W., Julie C. Fornaciari, Jason Keonhag Lee, Nemanja Danilovic, Xiong Peng, and Adam Z. Weber. "Tuning Catalyst-Ink Formulations for Blade Coating of Hydroxide-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 44 (2022): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02441657mtgabs.

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Clean hydrogen, produced by splitting water into H2 and O2 using renewable electricity, will play a crucial role as a renewable energy carrier and in decarbonizing industrial and hard-to-decarbonize transport sectors in the future.1 Hydroxide-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (HEMWEs) have the potential to be more cost effective compared to the incumbent technology, proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) through the use of cheaper and more abundant catalysts and cell components.2 However, compared to PEMWEs, HEM systems have been studied significantly less and generally have

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Chon, Gajeon, Minhee Suk, Frédéric Jaouen, Min Wook Chung, and Chang Hyuck Choi. "Deactivation of Fe-N-C catalysts during catalyst ink preparation process." Catalysis Today 359 (January 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.03.067.

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Zhang, Feng Yuan. "(Invited) Developing Low-Cost Electrolysis via Ink-Free and Facile Integrated Electrodes with High Catalyst Utilizations." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 38 (2025): 1823. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01381823mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs) have received increasing application due to high efficiency/energy density and rapid response even at low-temperature operations. Conventional membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) in PEMECs have remarkable catalyst underutilization. In addition, their manufacturing of the ink-formed catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) involves numerous complex and high-temperature processes with expensive equipment, and limits the electrochemical reactions due to poor electron conductivity and relatively large thickness of catalyst layers. Based on our research

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Turtayeva, Zarina, Feina Xu, Jérôme Dillet, et al. "The Influence of Ink Formulation and Preparation on the Performance of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Energies 16, no. 22 (2023): 7519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227519.

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The fabrication step of the catalyst layer (CL) is important to master in order to achieve good performance in fuel cells. Nevertheless, the final structure of a CL depends on many factors, such as the ink composition and preparation, as well as the order of its preparation steps. However, it is not easy for neophytes to understand the relationship between the composition of the ink with the obtained structure of the catalyst layer and its performance in fuel cells. In this work, a systemic experimental study was carried out in order to qualitatively correlate the performance of the PEMFC with

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Song, Chaojie, Ken Tsay, Elizabeth Fisher, et al. "A Study on Effect of Ionomer Content on Catalyst Ink Property and PEM Water Electrolyzer Performance." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 36 (2023): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01362110mtgabs.

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Producing hydrogen from water electrolysis with renewable electricity is essential for a carbon-free and environment-friendly economy. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis has advantages over other types of water electrolysis technologies with respect to compact system, high purity H2, high current density operation, better safety and reliability etc. Catalyst coated membrane (CCM) is the core of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and PEM water electrolyzer [1]. The CCMs are prepared by depositing catalyst inks onto the polymer electrolyte membrane. The composition of the catal

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38

Halim, El Mahdi, Lisa Pierinet, Rémi Blanchard, et al. "Electrode Coating Process Impact on the Performance of Pt and PtCo Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 40 (2023): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02401983mtgabs.

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The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising energy sources for replacing fossil fuels in vehicles, as it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions during operation. As a key player in hydrogen mobility, SYMBIO is developing and producing PEMFC systems for a large field of applications. SYMBIO masters the electrochemical core (the Membrane Electrode Assembly - MEA), the complete stack (bipolar plate, stacking and housing) and the fuel cell system (Balance of Plant, operating conditions, control-command, packaging) [1]. The widespread use of fuel cell vehicles

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Sun, Yujiao, Shaoyi Xu, and Hui Li. "Incorporation of PEDOT:PSS to Reduce Iridium Loading at Anode Catalyst Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 65 (2023): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02653102mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is one of the most promising technologies to produce green hydrogen with high efficiency. However, its commercialization is hindered by the large usage of expensive iridium as anode electrocatalyst [1-3] . Incorporation of cheap conductive materials into the catalyst ink, e.g., titanium powder [4], is a straightforward and efficient method to reduce noble metal loading of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In this study, we aimed to use a conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS to build the low Ir loading catalyst layer for PEMWE. The MEAs at 0.3 mgIr c

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Zenyuk, Iryna. "(Invited) Integrated Approach of Modeling, X-Ray and Electrochemical Characterization to Understand Low Iridium Loading Catalyst Layers Integration and Durability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341695mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) will share more than 40 % of green hydrogen production market by 2050. Currently, iridium catalyst in the anode catalyst layers amounts to 1 mg/cm2. To enable low-loading (0.4 mg/cm2) or ultra-low loading (<0.1 mg/cm2) designs we need to better understand both integration of catalysts into catalyst layer and their durability. At low loadings catalyst layer in-plane electric conductivity can be compromised, requiring either supported catalyst layers or the need for microporous layer (MPL) design. For durability study it is necessary to un

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Dixit, Marm B., Brice A. Harkey, Fengyu Shen, and Kelsey B. Hatzell. "Catalyst Layer Ink Interactions That Affect Coatability." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165, no. 5 (2018): F264—F271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0191805jes.

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Acheampong, Richard, Kerrilee Stewart-Thomas, Naoshad Islam, Himanshi Dhawan, Jennie Eastcott, and Samaneh Shahgaldi. "Viscosity Modulation in Water-Alcohol Ionomer Dispersions: Impact on Pseudo-Ink Rheology and Crack Formation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 38 (2025): 1976. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01381976mtgabs.

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The catalyst layer (CL) forms from an ink that contains a mixture of catalyst particles, ionomer, and solvent (often a water/alcohol mixture). The solvent not only disperses the components of the ink, but it also controls the morphology and aggregation of the ionomer and catalyst, which ultimately determines the final morphology/structure of the CLs and their performance1,2. Developing stable ink formulations with a controlled rheological response is an area of interest for highly scalable and industrial catalyst coating processes such as slot-die3. Only in this way can we meet the high demand

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Schilling, Markus Achim, Yan-Sheng Li, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Effect of the Solvent Composition in Catalyst Inks on Viscosity, Catalyst Layer Morphology, and PEMFC Performance." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362041mtgabs.

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The solvent composition in a catalyst ink is a key parameter in fabricating cathode catalyst layers (CCLs) to reach high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In general, an optimized solvent composition in a catalyst ink (e.g., the H2O-to-alcohol ratio) can yield reasonably uniform and thin ionomer structures covering the catalyst surface, leading to better proton and oxygen transport resistances of the CCLs.1,2 While the impact of solvent composition on the morphology of ionomer or catalyst in both solvent dispersion and CCLs was widely investigated, those results could v

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Srivastav, Harsh, Clayton J. Radke, and Adam Z. Weber. "Regulating Assembly of Porous Electrode Catalyst Layers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 2983. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02442983mtgabs.

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Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) demonstrate remarkable potential in replacing non-renewable energy resources in paving the way for a sustainable future. PEFCs have fairly high efficiencies and energy densities, making them feasible for applications such as transportation and energy storage. The most expensive units of the PEFCs are the catalyst layers, traditionally composed of platinum interspersed on a carbon support with a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) which stabilizes the ink dispersions as well acts as a binder for the dried catalyst layers. Despite the great importance of optimizi

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Alekseenko, Anastasia, Sergey Belenov, Dmitriy Mauer, et al. "Activity of Platinum-Based Cathode Electrocatalysts in Oxygen Redaction for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Influence of the Ionomer Content." Inorganics 12, no. 1 (2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12010023.

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Studying the ORR activity of platinum-based electrocatalysts is an urgent task in the development of materials for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. The catalytic ink composition and the formation technique of a thin layer at the RDE play a significant role in studying ORR activity. The use of a polymer ionomer in the catalytic ink provides viscosity as well as proton conductivity. Nafion is widely used as an ionomer for research both at the RDE and in the MEA. The search for ionomers is a priority task in the development of the MEA components to replace Nafion. The study also considers the

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46

Macauley, Natalia, Sichen Zhong, Shuo Ding, Yachao Zeng, Bingzhang Zhang, and Gang Wu. "Fabrication and Scale-up of Highly Durable Heavy Duty Fuel Cell MEAs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 38 (2023): 2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01382211mtgabs.

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Medium and heavy-duty PEM fuel cells operate under much harsher conditions than light duty fuel cells and are expected to last 25,000-30,000 hours in the field. These systems must operate successfully in the presence of impurities, starting and stopping, freezing and thawing, humidity and load cycling. Therefore, materials, components, and interfaces used in such systems must be highly resistant to severe mechanical and chemical stress. Novel, highly active stable Pt and ordered PtCo intermetallic nanoparticles with well-controlled particle size and composition have been synthesized on a highl

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47

Stoll, Jonas, Erik Kjeang, and Philip Huynh. "Effects of Wet Film Application Parameters on the Structure and Performance of Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers Prepared Using Scalable Methods." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (2022): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401481mtgabs.

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The use of high-volume manufacturing processes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells is obligatory to bring the manufacturing cost closer to 80USD/kW fuel cell system cost target for long-Haul Trucks [1] and thereby make this technology an economical competitor in the carbon neutral transportation sector. For the membrane electrode assembly, thin film roll good materials are therefore the norm in the industry. On the lab scale however, catalyst layers and catalyst coated membranes (CCMs) are commonly prepared with low throughput multi-sub-layer coating application techniques, such as ultrasonic s

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48

Kluender, Edward J., James L. Hedrick, Keith A. Brown, et al. "Catalyst discovery through megalibraries of nanomaterials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 1 (2018): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815358116.

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The nanomaterial landscape is so vast that a high-throughput combinatorial approach is required to understand structure–function relationships. To address this challenge, an approach for the synthesis and screening of megalibraries of unique nanoscale features (>10,000,000) with tailorable location, size, and composition has been developed. Polymer pen lithography, a parallel lithographic technique, is combined with an ink spray-coating method to create pen arrays, where each pen has a different but deliberately chosen quantity and composition of ink. With this technique, gradients of Au-Cu

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Berlinger, Sarah A., Xiong Peng, Ahmet Kusoglu, Ethan J. Crumlin, and Adam Z. Weber. "Ink to MEA: Ionomer/Iridium Interactions with Varying Oxide Coverage in Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 45 (2024): 3193. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02453193mtgabs.

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Proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are the state-of-the-art water electrolyzer technology; however, they suffer from high overpotential losses due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction on the anode. There have been significant efforts devoted to catalyst engineering to improve the kinetics of OER, often focused on iridium-based materials in acidic environments. Prior work demonstrates the oxide form of iridium significantly affects its activity. Despite this, catalyst-activity benchmarking is often conducted ex situ. Understanding how the ionomer reaction

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Yoshino, Shuhei, Masashi Harada, Naoki Hasegawa, and Ryosuke Jinnouchi. "Design of Carbon Aggregation Structure in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalyst Ink by Solvent Hydrophilicity." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 38 (2023): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02381815mtgabs.

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Controlling the porous structure of the cathode catalyst layer in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is essential to reduce the reaction and mass transport resistance of the oxygen reduction reaction. As the catalyst layer is a coating of a catalyst ink, the aggregation structure of platinum-supported carbon (Pt/C) and ionomer in ink is a key property for achieving the optimal catalyst layer.1 Previous studies reported that the weight fraction of water in solvents could control aggregation structure in ink.2-4 For example, Kumano et al.2 reported that increasing the water ratio to 1-propanol enha

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