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Journal articles on the topic 'Catalyst Variation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sandika, Nedia, Yohandri Bow, and Abu Hasan. "Biofuel from Pyrolysis Waste Lube Oil of Refinery Unit III Using Fly Ash of Coal Combustion as a Catalyst." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2020): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v6.i3.130.

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Lube oil waste obtained from Utilities Unit, Crude Distillation Unit, and Crude Distillation & Light End Unit at Refinery Unit III Plaju Palembang South Sumatra. The process of pyrolysis of lube oil waste using fly ash catalyst is expected to produce fuel oil. Lube oil waste pyrolysis uses Fly Ash catalysts with a total catalyst of 500 g with a temperature range variation of 0-85, 85-16, 165-250, 250-300, and 300-350oC, while pyrolysis of waste lube oil without catalysts with a variation in the temperature range of 0-85, 85-165, 165-250, 250-300, and 300-350 oC. Temperature range variation

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2

Widiarti, Nuni, Ismi Arinal Haq, F. Widhi Mahatmanti, et al. "Biodiesel Synthesis From Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO.SrO Catalyst By Transesterification Reaction In Batch Reactor." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 7, no. 2 (2018): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v7i2.14925.

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CaO is a very good catalyst for oil transesterification reactions into biodiesel, but requires a reaction time of 2 hours to obtain equilibrium. The time of CaO catalysis reaction can be accelerated by modifying the CaO catalyst with SrO. Synthesis biodiesel of waste cooking oil has been successfully conducted by transesterification reaction that used batch reactor assisted by CaO.SrO catalyst. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics and catalytic activity of catalyst in the transesterification reaction. Catalysts have been successfully synthesized by coprecipitation method w

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3

Teng, Yingyue, Dingze Liu, Qiang Li, Xue Bai, and Yinmin Song. "Research Progress on Application in Energy Conversion of Silicon Carbide-Based Catalyst Carriers." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020236.

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In modern industrial production, heterogeneous catalysts play an important role. A catalyst carrier, as a constituent of heterogeneous catalysts, is employed for supporting and loading active components. The catalyst carrier has a considerable impact on the overall acting performance of the catalysts in actual production. Therefore, a catalyst carrier should have some necessary properties such as a high specific surface area, excellent mechanical strength and wear resistance, and better thermal stability. Among the candidate materials, silicon carbide (SiC) has excellent physical and chemical

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4

Ahmed Sabili Gifari and Ahmad Hanif Firdaus. "EFFECT OF HYDROCARBON CRACK SYSTEM CATALYST PIPE LENGTH ON EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 3, no. 2 (2024): 304–9. https://doi.org/10.33795/j-meeg.v3i2.5551.

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Exhaust emissions are pollutants that pollute the air caused by exhaust gases from motor vehicles. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of the effect of catalyst pipe length on the Hydrocarbon Crack System on exhaust emissions of four-cylinder gasoline motorcycles. The research method uses experimental method to analyze the Hydrocarbon Crack System tool. The results showed that variations in catalyst pipe length had an effect on reducing exhaust emissions. The test results showed the highest HC reduction of 29.7% in the 200mm catalyst length variation at 2000rpm rotation, and

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5

Yang, Rui Qin, Xi Kun Gai, Chuang Xing, Jian Wei Mao, and Cheng Xue Lv. "Performance of Cu-Based Catalysts in Low-Temperature Methanol Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1623.

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The reactions of the methanol synthesis were conducted from the CO/CO2/H2 on the Cu-based catalysts using different solvent at 443 K and 3.0 MPa. The alcohol solvent had the activity in the low-temperature methanol synthesis reaction. The activity of the Cu-based catalyst with ZnO as carrier was higher than that of the catalyst with CeO2, Al2O3, or TiO2 as carrier separately in the reaction. The addition of the CeO2 to the Cu/ZnO catalysts improved the copper species dispersion, so that it was easier for the reduction of the Cu/CeO2-ZnO catalyst than that of the Cu/ZnO catalyst according to th

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6

Hamidi, Nurkholis, Lilis Yuliati, Purnami Purnami, and Naufal Muhammad Faiz. "THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PULVERIZED RICE HUSK WASTE CATALYTIC COMBUSTION WITH NATURAL ZEOLIT." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 5, no. 2 (2024): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2024.005.02.7.

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Rice husk is a type of agricultural waste that generated from rice production activities. The number continues to increase in line with the increasing food needs of the people in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of natural zeolite as a catalyst and to determine the effect of natural zeolite mass percentage variation in the mixture on rice husk waste catalytic combustion by using the thermo gravimetric analysis method. The results of this study show that there is an effect of adding natural zeolite catalysts with the mass percentage of natural zeolite variation

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7

Wijaya, Nico Aditya, Nanik Wijayati та Edy Cahyono. "Catalytic Activity of Zr4+/ZA on The Isomerization Reaction of α-Pinene and It’s Reusability Test". Indonesian Journal of Physics and Nuclear Applications 1, № 3 (2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/ijpna.v1i3.157-165.

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Production of turpentine oil from pine resin until December 2014<sup>th</sup> was reported to reaching 17.150 tones with the wide of pine forest is 876.992,66 acres. The main component of turpentine oil is α-pinena which isomer products have high value for industrial raw materials. Effects concentration of impregnation and reusability test a best catalyst on α-pinene isomerization reaction using catalysts Zr<sup>4+</sup>/natural zeolite in which modificated with different Zr<sup>4+</sup> concentration were analyzed. Characterization of catalyst included <

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8

Al Muttaqii, Muhammad, Maja Pranata Marbun, Sugeng Priyanto, et al. "Lampung Natural Zeolite Dopped with of ZnO-TiO2 Metal Oxide as Catalyst for Biodiesel Production." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 19, no. 1 (2024): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20038.

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Research has been carried out on making biodiesel from palm oil using natural zeolite catalysts impregnated with metal oxides such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide. This research aims to produce biodiesel using natural zeolite and ZnO-TiO2/NZ catalysts. The catalysts were analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET). The catalyst was tested in the transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. The mole oil and methanol ratio varied from 1:15, 1:18, and 1:20. In addition, the biodiesel product was analy

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9

Fitrianor, Ahmad, and Aqli Mursadin. "PENGARUH KATALIS BENTONIT PADA HASIL VOLUME SYNGAS GASIFIKASI LIMBAH KAYU GALAM DAN BATUBARA KUALITAS RENDAH." Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika 4, no. 2 (2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/sjmekinematika.v4i2.88.

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This study aims to determine and compare the results of the syngas volume generated from variations in mixing of galam wood powder and bentonite catalyst coal. This research was carried out by mixing galam wood powder and coal with a mass of 200g which was given a bentonite catalyst. There were 4 variations of mixing ingredients namely 200g galam wood powder and 0g coal, 180g galam wood powder and 20g coal, 140g galam wood powder and 60g coal, 100g galam wood powder and 100g coal which added 50%, 30% and 10% bentonite catalysts from the mass of material in each variation of the temperature. Ma

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10

Amalia, Rif’ah, Hendrik Elvian Gayuh Prasetya, Eka Siti Nurlaili, and Achmad Bahrul Ulum. "PILOT PLANT PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS BASA HOMOGEN." Journal of Research and Technology 6, no. 1 (2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55732/jrt.v6i1.135.

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Methyl ester is an alkyl ester compound which is produced through an transesterification process between triglycerides and methanol with the aid of alkaline catalysts into alkyl esters and glycerol. Methyl ester is produced through a transesterification reaction. The method used in the production of methyl ester was Pilot Plant with batch process. Base catalyst variations were carried out at 0,1%w/w;0,3%w/w;0,5%w/w;0,7%w/w; dan 0,9%w/w. The productions of methyl ester consisted of pre-treatment, transesterification reaction, and post-treatment. Quality test of methyl ester consists of density

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11

Yang, Shui Jin, Li Yu, Yong Kui Huang, and Guo Bin Duan. "Synthesis of Acetals and Ketals Catalyzed by H₄SiW₆Mo₆O₄₀/SiO₂." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.289.

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Heterogeneous acid catalyst, H4SiW6Mo6O40/SiO2 was synthesized by a sol-gel technique. Catalytic application of the catalyst for synthesis of acetals and ketals were tested. The variation of different reaction parameters on the yield of acetals and ketals were also studied. The yields of acetals and ketals can reach 80.0%~96.9% at the optimized conditions. The high activity and stability of the catalyst is well retained after 4 runs. The results reveal that the H4SiW6Mo6O40/SiO2 catalysis is a novel, effective and reusable catalyst for synthesizing actetals and ketals.

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12

Ramadhani, Dimas Gilang, Alfiyan Wahyudianto Sarjono, Heri Setyoko, Nur Fitri Fatimah, and Nanik Dwi Nurhayati. "Synthesis of Natural Ni/Zeolite Activated by Acid as Catalyst for Synthesis Biodiesel from Ketapang Seeds Oil." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 2, no. 1 (2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v2i1.8530.

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<p>The purpose of this research are to know the effect of addition Ni on the acidity value of Ni/zeolite catalyst and to know the best combination nickel and Zeolit activated by acid as a catalyst ofthe cracking process during synthesis biodiesel from ketapang seed oil. The Ni/Zeolite catalysts were prepared by immersing the zeolite activated by HCl 4 M into Ni(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> solution with concentration variation of0%, 5%, and 10%. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM and FTIR. The results showed that the more Ni the more acidity value of t

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13

Herawati, Netty, Rifdah, Ummi Kalsum, and Nyayu Miftakhul Muthiah. "Reduction of Heavy Metal (Pb) ions in industrial waste using activated carbon based on used catalysts." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 11, no. 10 (2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i10.ce02.

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Used catalyst-based activated carbon is activated carbon made from used catalysts from the crude oil cracking process. The used catalyst used is a type of crystalline Zeolite with a regular structure, which contains elements of Silica Oxide, Alumina Oxide, and Calcium Oxide. The use of organic activated carbon to treat waste has been widely used, the use of used catalyst waste as activated carbon is very potential because the catalyst used for oil company cracking is no longer used. Tofu industry is one of Indonesia's industries dominated by small-scale businesses with limited capital, so most

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14

Patrio, Aditia, Irawan Rusnadi, and Aida Syarif. "The Effect of Catalyst Amount and Time on the Results of Converting Rubber Wood Chip Waste by Catalytic Pyrolysis into Alternative Energy." Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia 8, no. 2 (2023): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v8i2.5063.

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In the rubber plantations of South Sumatra, covering an area of 1,013,969 hectares, there exists an underutilized waste stream known as rubber wood waste. This waste can be subjected to pyrolysis to Yield char, bio-oil, and syngas products. This research is centred on pyrolyzing rubber wood waste, employing various zeolite catalysts and time durations, to explore the potential of alternative energy sources and calculate the Specific Energy Consumption (SEC). The pyrolysis results, with variations in catalysts and time, indicate that the optimal combination is at a temperature of 390°C, using 6

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15

Nugrahaningtyas, Khoirina Dwi, Yuniawan Hidayat, and Tiara Diah Saputri. "EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION METAL PRECURSOR Co AND Mo ON CHARACTER OF CoMo / USY CATALYST." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 10, no. 1 (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.10.1.9.40-48.

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<p>The preparation and characterization of bimetallic catalysts using impregnation method with a variation of concentration of precursor sequence Co and Mo metal obtained catalyst K 1 [Co (0.018 M) - Mo (0.037 M)/USY]. K 2 [Co (0.026 M) - Mo (0.055 M)/USY], K 3 [Co (0.035 M) - Mo (0.074 M)/USY], K 4 [Co (0.05 M) - Mo (0.11 M )/USY] and K 5 [Co (0.107 M) - Mo (0.22 M)/USY].</p><p>Character of the catalyst in terms of crystallinity was analyzed by XRD. The result shows that there is no cristalinity damage of USY after impregnation but the amorphous cristalin structure was obtai

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16

Nugrahaningtyas, Khoirina Dwi, Yuniawan Hidayat, and Tiara Diah Saputri. "EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION METAL PRECURSOR Co AND Mo ON CHARACTER OF CoMo / USY CATALYST." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 10, no. 1 (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v10i1.9.

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<p>The preparation and characterization of bimetallic catalysts using impregnation method with a variation of concentration of precursor sequence Co and Mo metal obtained catalyst K 1 [Co (0.018 M) - Mo (0.037 M)/USY]. K 2 [Co (0.026 M) - Mo (0.055 M)/USY], K 3 [Co (0.035 M) - Mo (0.074 M)/USY], K 4 [Co (0.05 M) - Mo (0.11 M )/USY] and K 5 [Co (0.107 M) - Mo (0.22 M)/USY].</p><p>Character of the catalyst in terms of crystallinity was analyzed by XRD. The result shows that there is no cristalinity damage of USY after impregnation but the amorphous cristalin structure was obtai

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17

Pankhurst, James R., Yannick T. Guntern, Mounir Mensi, and Raffaella Buonsanti. "Molecular tunability of surface-functionalized metal nanocrystals for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction." Chemical Science 10, no. 44 (2019): 10356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc04439f.

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Disubstituted imidazolium compounds are used as ligands to promote the CO<sub>2</sub>RR at the surface of Ag nanocrystal catalysts. Catalyst performance is fine-tuned at the molecular scale through systematic variation of the imidazolium substituents.

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18

Dorofeeva, N. V., P. K. Putanenko, V. A. Svetlichnyi, and O. V. Vodyankina. "Ni-Based Catalysts on Ternary LaCeY Oxide Supports for Dry Reforming of Methane." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 25, no. 3 (2025): 37–50. https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2025-3-37-50.

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Supported 10%Ni/LaCeY(n)Ox catalyst with different Y content (n = 0.5–10.0 mol.%) are studied in the present work. Ternary oxide supports are synthesized using citrate method. Structure and phase composition of supports and catalysts are characterized by different physical-chemical methods. Formation of active surface depending on yttrium introduction route is studied. Variation of yttrium content allows determining the optimal dopant content (0.5–1.0 mol.% Y) that sustains activity and stability of catalysts in DRM. The most stable Ni/LaCeY(1)Ox catalyst shows a decrease of the CH4 and CO2 co

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Marwan, Marwan, Naoto Azuma, Akinori Maezawa, and Shigeo Uchida. "Characterization of Titania (TiO2) Catalysts Prepared by Sol-Gel Method." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 3, no. 1 (2003): 34. https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50858.

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Various TiO2 catalysts in powder form were prepared ny sol-gel method and then characterized for X-ray diffraction and BET surface area. VAriation in composistion of reactants, choice of hydrolysing catalyst, calcination temperature, and method of drying were among preparative variable evaluated. Addition Pt, Fe2O3, CuO and SiO2 on the catalysts was also carried out during the initial stage of sol formation. XRD analysis suggest that all catalysts calcined at 450'C were compeltelu in anatase phase. BET surface area of the catalysts revealed that the catalysts prepared using HNO3 as hydrolysing

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Vina, N. Van Harling. "PENGARUH JUMLAH KATALISATOR PADA HYDROCARBON CRACK SYSTEM (HCS) DAN JENIS BUSI TERHADAP DAYA MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA SUPRA X 125." Jurnal Voering 3, no. 1 (2018): 5–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1343894.

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This research was conducted to (1) investigate the effect of the number of catalysts on the Hydrocarbon Crack System on the supra x 125 motorcycle engine power. (2) investigate the effect of the type of spark plug variation on the supra x 125 motorbike engine power. Hydrocarbon Crack System and spark plug type variation on engine power of supra x 125 motorcycle. The results obtained are: (1) There is a significant effect on the number of Hydrocarbon Crack System catalysts to the supra x 125 motorbike engine power. Where the installation of two Hydrocarbon Crack System catalysts produces the hi

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Trisunaryanti, Wega, Triyono Triyono, and Denty Fibirna A. "PREPARATION OF Ni-Mo/MORDENITE CATALYSTS UNDER THE VARIATION OF Mo/Ni RATIO AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATIONS FOR STEARIC ACID CONVERSION." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 2 (2010): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21890.

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The preparation of Ni-Mo/Mordenite catalysts with variation of Mo/Ni ratio and their characterizations for conversion of stearic acid have been conducted. The catalysts were prepared by loading a small amount of nickel and/or molybdenum on H-Mordenite (H-Mor) with total metal content = 1 wt% based on the mordenite. The metals was supported on to the mordenite by impregnation method using nickel nitrate and/or ammonium heptamolybdate solution. The Mo/Ni ratio was varied as follows 0/1, 1/0, 1/1, 2/1, and 3/1 produced Ni/Mor, Mo/Mor, Ni1-Mo1/Mor, Ni1-Mo2/Mor and Ni1-Mo3/Mor catalyst respectively

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Selpiana, Selpiana, David Bahrin, Muhammad Ridho Habibie, and Faras Saskia Samara. "Preparation and Characterization of Catalyst Zn/Al2O3 Catalyst Using Dry and Wet Impregnation Method." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2023): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v8.i1.25.

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Metal supported catalysts are used in many catalytic cracking processes. Experiments have shown that the increasing of metal loaded within the catalyst support may affected the increasing of cracking process conversion and selectivity. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of increasing the metal loaded is needed. In this study, Zinc on Alumina supported catalyst was prepared using the dry and wet impregnation methods to obtain the best amount of Zn metal content in Al2O3 as catalyst support with good characteristics for catalytic cracking. The prepared precursor solution in wet impregnation

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23

Yu, Li, Yong Kui Huang, Guo Bin Duan, and Shui Jin Yang. "Catalytic Synthesis of N-Butyl Methacrylate with H₄SiW₆Mo₆O₄₀/SiO₂." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.135.

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A novel environmental friendly catalyst, H4SiW6Mo6O40/SiO2was synthesized by a sol-gel technique, and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. Catalytic application of the catalyst for synthesis of n-butyl methacrylate was investigated. The variation of different reaction parameters were studied by orthogonal design. Under optimized conditions, that is, molar ratio of methacrylic acid to n-butanol is 1:1.7, catalyst dosage is 0.75 %, volume of cyclohexane is 12 mL and the reaction time is 2.5 h, the yield of n-butyl methacrylate reaches 85.3%. The results reveal that the H4SiW6Mo6O40/SiO2O2 catalysis i

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Harahap, Rini Ayu Marisa, Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal, and Darwin Darwin. "Studi Aplikasi Co-Katalis pada Produksi Biodiesel Berbahan Baku Minyak Goreng Bekas." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 7, no. 1 (2022): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i1.18860.

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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja penggunaan co-katalis pada pembentukan biodiesel dan membandingkan dengan penggunaan katalis homogen serta mengetahui pengaruh variasi co-katalis NaOH CaCO3 terhadap produksi biodiesel. Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan yang dapat dikembangkan. Pembuatan biodiesel pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahan berupa minyak goreng bekas, alkohol teknik etanol 96% dan co-katalis NaOH CaCO3. Penggunaan minyak goreng bekas sebagai bahan baku biodiesel dilakukan karena masih mengandung trigliserida. co-katalis m

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Ismagilov, I. Z., E. V. Matus, M. A. Kerzhentsev, et al. "Design of Highly Efficient Catalyst for Rational Way of Direct Conversion of Methane." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, no. 2 (2015): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj201.

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<p>Effects of composition and preparation method of MnNaW/SiO<sub>2</sub> and LaSr/CaO catalysts on their physical-chemical properties and performance in oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have been studied. For MnNaW/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts the synthesis method and type of SiO<sub>2</sub> have a significant effect on the texture, while the Na/W ratio determines the phase composition. The variation of preparation method and temperature of catalyst calcination allows regulation of the metal surface concentration and mode of metal distribution across

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Basori, Basori. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON DRY CELL HHO GENERATOR WITH CATALYST VARIATION FOR REDUCING THE EMISSIONS." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Vocational Education (JoMEVE) 1, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jomeve.v1i1.18950.

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<p>Air pollution is now largely attributable to the use of vehicles that produce high pollution. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of HHO generator in reducing air pollution by looking at the emission level of exhaust gas. In addition, to know the type of catalyst is the best in lowering the level of these pollutants.<br />The research using an experimental method. The subject is Honda Supra X 125 the Year 2013 by adding a dry cell HHO generator. Emissions data collection using gas analyzer against the use of HHO generator with catalyst variation (KOH, NaOH

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Kricheldorf, Hans R., Steffen M. Weidner, and Andreas Meyer. "High Tm linear poly(l-lactide)s prepared via alcohol-initiated ROPs of l-lactide." RSC Advances 11, no. 23 (2021): 14093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01990b.

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By variation of reaction conditions and catalysts a cyclic tin(ii) compound was found, which enables synthesis of high melting (>190 °C) poly(l-lactide) via ROP of l-lactide, whereas the technically used catalyst SnOct<sub>2</sub> does not show such a performance.

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Nurcahyo, I. F., Eddy Heraldy, Suciana Nur Cahyaningsih, et al. "The Effect of Mole Ratio Natural-CaCO₃/KF in the Synthesis of KCaF₃ Perovskite Base Catalyst." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 27, no. 8 (2024): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.27.8.388-394.

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The KCaF3 perovskite catalyst was successfully synthesized by reacting limestone (natural-CaCO3) with potassium fluoride (KF). The synthesis of the KCaF3 catalyst was conducted with several variations in the mole ratio of CaCO3 to KF (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The research results showed that the addition of KF can affect the characteristics of the catalyst. The optimal catalyst is the KCaF3 catalyst with a mole ratio variation of 1:3. X-ray diffractometer analysis revealed that the highest KCaF3 phase composition reached 74.05%, while thermogravimetric analysis indicated a CaCO3 concentration of 34

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Chen, Xin, Qianli Yang, Bozhao Chu, Hang An, and Yi Cheng. "Valence variation of phase-pure M1 MoVNbTe oxide by plasma treatment for improved catalytic performance in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16517b.

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Suryanto, Andi, Ummu Kalsum, Lailatul Qadariya, and Mahfud Mahfud. "Production of Methyl ester from Coconut Oil using Heterogeneous K/Al2O3 under Microwave Irradiation." Journal of Chemical Process Engineering 5, no. 2 (2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33536/jcpe.v5i2.754.

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Methyl esters derived from coconut oil are very interesting to study because they contain free fatty acids with a medium carbon chain structure (C12-C14), so most methyl esters (70%) can be bio-kerosene and the rest can be biodiesel. The process of preparing methyl ester by reaction of Trans-esterification triglyceride generally using a homogeneous KOH catalyst but this process requires a long catalyst separation process through washing and drying process. The use of heterogeneous catalysts in the production of methyl esters can remove the washing and drying processes, but trans-esterification

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Erawati, Emi, Hamid, and Rosyad Adrian Febriansyar. "Pyrolysis Kinetics of Mixture Polypropylene and High Density Polyethylene Plastic Wastes Using Kaolin Catalyst." Materials Science Forum 998 (June 2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.998.114.

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Plastic is materials that are not easily broken down, so it can cause a variety of complex problems such as loss of natural resources, environmental pollution, and depletion of landfill space. Plastic favored by the public is Polypropylene (PP) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) for example, food storage, transparent drinking glasses and drinking bottles for babies. This will be a problem in the future. Some alternatives used to reduce the volume of plastic waste are the thermal transformation process which is divided into three types of processing, namely combustion, gasification, and pyrol

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Al-Obaidi, Mohammed Mahmoud Ahmad, Nor Shafizah Ishak, Salmiaton Ali, et al. "H2-Rich and Tar-Free Downstream Gasification Reaction of EFB by Using the Malaysian Dolomite as a Secondary Catalyst." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040447.

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In this study, Malaysian dolomites as secondary catalysts are placed at the downstream of the fluidized-bed gasifier. Three types of Malaysian dolomites with different elemental ratios of CaO-MgO content denoted as P1, P2, and P3 are investigated with EFB gasification reaction at different cracking temperatures (700–900 °C). The performance of the catalysts with a variation of catalyst to biomass weight ratio (C/B) (0.05 to 0.30 w/w) is evaluated. The findings showed that the total gas yield increased by 20%, hydrogen increased by 66%, along with an almost 99% reduction in tar content with P1

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Bahri, Syaiful, Ramadhoni Febrian, Khairat Khairat, and Muhdarina Muhdarina. "Pyrolysation of Pine Merkusii wood bark wastes to produce crude bio-oil using chrome-clay, cr/ clay catalyst as an alternative energy." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 06018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927606018.

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In this research, bio-oil is produced from pine wood bark waste biomass through pyrolysis using Cr/ clay catalyst. This research aims to produce bio-oil from bark of pine with Cr/ clay catalyst as an alternative fuel. The effect of the ratio of catalyst Cr/ clay weight to biomass and influence of Chromium (Cr) impregnation on clay as catalyst were investigated. Then, the characterisation of physical and chemical characteristics of crude bio-oil produced were measured. For each of the pyrolysis runs, 50 g of pine bark having -100+200 mesh, the Cr/ clay catalysts having weight variations to biom

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Dewi, Ajeng Anisa, Dessy Agustina Sari, and Muhammad Fahmi Hakim. "Molar Ratio Variation and Catalyst Type on Biodiesel Production from Corn Oil using Transesterification Method." Techno (Jurnal Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto) 26, no. 1 (2025): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.30595/techno.v26i1.24386.

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Biodiesel, a renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils, has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. The study's goals are to find the best conditions for making biodiesel from corn oil using the transesterification method and to look at how different molar ratios and catalyst types affect the quality and yield of biodiesel. This study conducted the transesterification process using methanol, NaOH, and CaO as catalysts. The molar ratios of oil to methanol were 1:12, 1:15, and 1:18. The study conducted the reaction at 60Â°C for 120 minutes. The characteristics of the prod

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Khairani, Nur, Rizka Mulyawan, Meriatna, Agam Muarif, Syamsul Bahri, and Iqbal Kamar. "Preparation of Bioethanol from Pineapple Peel (ananas comosus L. Mer) Waste with the Addition of Hydrochloric Acid and Citric Acid Catalysts." Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies (MICoMS) 4 (December 18, 2024): 00028. https://doi.org/10.29103/micoms.v4i.948.

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Bioethanol is ethanol derived from biological sources. Bioethanol can be produced from plants that contain many starch and cellulose compounds using the help of yeast activity. One of them is pineapple peel which can add a variety of basic materials for bioethanol production which is economical and easy to obtain. This study aims to analyze the effect of acid hydrolysis on glucose content, analyze the effect of fermentation time and the effect of yeast weight on bioethanol characteristics. This research has been done before and only focused on one catalyst. What has never been done is comparin

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Collins, Scott, William J. Gauthier, David A. Holden, Bradley A. Kuntz, Nicholas J. Taylor, and David G. Ward. "Variation of polypropylene microtacticity by catalyst selection." Organometallics 10, no. 6 (1991): 2061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00052a064.

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Sprenger, Paul, Thomas Sheppard, Jussi-Petteri Suuronen, Abhijeet Gaur, Federico Benzi, and Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt. "Structural Evolution of Highly Active Multicomponent Catalysts for Selective Propylene Oxidation." Catalysts 8, no. 9 (2018): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8090356.

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Multicomponent Bi-Mo-Fe-Co oxide catalysts prepared via flame spray pyrolysis were tested for selective propylene oxidation, showing high conversion (>70%) and selectivity (>85%) for acrolein and acrylic acid at temperatures of 330 °C. During extended time-on-stream tests (5–7 days), the catalysts retained high activity while undergoing diverse structural changes. This was evident on: (a) the atomic scale, using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy; and (b) the microscopic scale

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Kim, Sung, Chae Yeo, and Do Lee. "Effect of Fines Content on Fluidity of FCC Catalysts for Stable Operation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit." Energies 12, no. 2 (2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020293.

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Effect of fines content (weight % of particles with diameter less than 45 μm) on bed fluidity was determined to get a base for good fluidization quality in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The fines content in equilibrium FCC catalysts (Ecat) from commercial units were controlled by adding or removing the fines to simulate commercial situation. To get the fluidity values (Umb/Umf) of seven different FCC catalysts (2 Ecats and 5 fresh catalysts) and their mixture, minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) and minimum bubbling velocity (Umb) were measured in a fluidized bed reactor (0.05 m ID)

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Fauzi, Rizky Achmad, Silvester Tursiloadi, Adid Adep Dwiatmoko, et al. "Performance of Modified Natural Zeolites by Sodium Hydroxide Treatments in The Esterification of Glycerol and Oleic Acid." Jurnal Kimia Valensi 5, no. 2 (2019): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v5i2.9976.

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Esterification is the reaction of the formation of an ester compound by reacting an alcohol compound and carboxylic acid. In this study, the performance of zeolite-based catalysts has been studied for esterification reactions. Modification of zeolite pore size was done to be hierarchical zeolite, with the aim of increasing the catalytic properties of zeolite. The modification was carried out by desilication by sodium hydroxide treatment with a variation of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 M. The resulting catalyst was then characterized using BET and XRD. Furthermore, the catalyst was tested for activity for est

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Zhou, Zhengqing, Yinghua Zhang, Zhian Huang, et al. "Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol over Fe2O3/MWCNTs." Catalysts 14, no. 2 (2024): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14020134.

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The catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) to methanol has been regarded as a promising approach for methane utilization, despite that the conversion remains a formidable challenge in the perspective of catalysts. A novel catalyst system of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that supported Fe2O3 with existing I2, consisting of non-noble metal and working in weak acid at an ambient temperature, was investigated for CPOM. MWCNTs supported the Fe2O3 catalyst, which was prepared by the impregnation method and characterized via HRTEM, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, and BET techniques. The characterizati

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Lee, Seungmin. "A Simple Approach for Modulating the Active Site in Fe-Based Electrocatalysts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 53 (2024): 2834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01532834mtgabs.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have garnered attention as a next-generation, environmentally friendly energy solution to address issues like the climate crisis and depletion of fossil fuels resulting from excessive usage. Nevertheless, the commercialization of PEMFCs faces challenges due to the use of expensive platinum catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). In contrast, Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFCs) offer advantages by utilizing cost-effective non-platinum catalysts, making ongoing research on non-platinum catalysts for AEMFCs essential. Numerous studie

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Ali Nasr Abdulkareem and Nurul Fitriah Nasir. "A Comprehensive Review of Biodiesel Production using Heterogeneous Catalyst." Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engineering 22, no. 1 (2024): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/armne.22.1.103115.

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Biodiesel, an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum diesel, is derived from vegetable oils or animal fats through transesterification. The use of heterogeneous catalysts, specifically titanium dioxide (TiO2) and calcium oxide (CaO), in biodiesel production has garnered significant attention due to their environmental benefits and potential to replace fossil fuels. This study systematically analyses biodiesel production using TiO2-CaO catalysts, highlighting their efficiency under various reaction conditions, catalyst preparation methods, and operational parameters. Different feedstocks, such a

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Trisunaryanti, Wega, Triyono Triyono, Mudasir Mudasir та Akhmad Syoufian. "MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CATALYST CHARACTERS SUPPORTED ON γ-Al₂O₃ TOWARDS THEIR HYDROCRACKING CONVERSION OF ASPHALTENE". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 4, № 1 (2010): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21868.

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Multiple regression study of the influence of catalyst's characters with γ-Al2O3 as a support, including acidity, specific area, average pore volume, average pore radius, Ni content, and Mo content the hydrocracking conversion of asphaltene has been conducted. A multivariable regression analysis method, including regression analysis and correlation analysis, was applied on this study. Using multivariable regression, the characters of catalyst was correlated together with the data of the asphaltene conversions. Furthermore, using this method, the characters of catalyst, which have the greatest

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Setiadi, Raka Nugraha Wijaya, and Danestyan Arif Pradana. "Producing monoaromatic compounds from pyrolytic vapour of rice straw using H-ZSM-5/B2O3 catalyst." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702026.

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The catalytic conversion of rice straw was done to produce mono aromatic compounds. The mixed catalyst of ZSM-5 and B2O3 was obtained through calcination of ZSM-5 and H3BO catalyst mixture. The variation of the composition of the ZSM-5 and B2O3 catalyst was applied in order to test the effect of catalyst composition to the production of mono aromatics compounds. The composition of catalyst used were 15% ZSM-5, 30% ZSM-5, and 100% ZSM-5. Other than the variation of catalyst composition, the variation of the operating temperature of the catalytic conversion also performed in order to study the e

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Huang, Nai Bao, Wan Li, Cheng Hao Liang, et al. "Using Localized Impedance Spectroscopy to Study the Effect of Loading Potential Variation on DMFC Anode Performance." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.785.

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By localized impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the effect of loading potential variation on the performance of direct methanol fuel cell ( DMFC ) anode was studied. During surface scanning, the local impedance of the anode showed sawtooth-like distribution under potential loading, which meant the electrochemical activity in the anode surface was nonuniform. Meanwhile, the local impedance tended to increase with loading potential increasing. After loading 16h and 72h at 0.6V, the average size of catalysts changed from 3.4nm to 3.6nm and 4.4nm, incre

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Nath, Biswajit, Bhimraj Basumatary, Nijwm Wary, et al. "Agricultural Waste-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Production of Biodiesel: A Ranking Study via the VIKOR Method." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (June 20, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7208754.

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Agricultural waste-based heterogeneous catalysts are emerging as efficient and green catalysts. The present study explored the agricultural waste-based heterogeneous catalyst utilized in the production of biodiesel. The plant waste is composed of organic compounds and various metals which, on combustion, produces ashes that mainly consist of various metal carbonates and oxides. The most commonly employed approach for the solid catalyst preparation from plant materials is the calcination process, and it is performed at temperatures ranging from 300 to 1200°C. It is known that the temperature em

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YAGUDIN, D. I., E. A. KARALIN, G. G. ELIMANOVA, and KH E. KHARLAMPIDI. "CATALYTIC HYDROGENOLYSIS OF DIMETHYLPHENYLCARBINOL." Herald of Technological University 27, no. 7 (2024): 44–49. https://doi.org/10.55421/1998-7072_2024_27_7_44.

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A comparative study of the activity of heterogeneous catalysts in the heterophase reaction of dimethylphenylcarbinol hydrogenolysis was carried out: commercial copper-chromobarium (CChB); hydrothermally modified commercial aluminum oxide (HTT-OA); copper catalyst based on HTT-OA (Cu+ZnO)/HTT-OA); copper catalyst based on Fe-pillar aluminosilicate (Cu/Fe-PilAlSi); tungsten oxide deposited on aluminum oxide (WO3/OA). The porous structure of the catalysts was characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption method, and the disperse composition was characterized by laser diffraction

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Widi, Restu Kartiko, and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid. "Steam Influence and Effect of Oxidant Amount on Propane Oxidation over Multi Metal Oxide Catalyst Using High-Throughput Experiment." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, no. 2 (2018): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.23959.

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The high-throughput experimentation technique was used to verify the testing conditions due to the effects of catalyst structure modifications and/or due to reaction parameter variation in parallel. In this paper, the design of experiment and catalytic results are discussed in the development of selective oxidation catalyst, to demonstrate the importance and versatility of such technology. It is used for the automated parallel testing of selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over some types of multi metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts used for performance test were Mo (molybdenum), c

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Chernyak, Sergei, Alexander Burtsev, Ekaterina Arkhipova, et al. "Cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch catalysts supported on different types of N-doped carbon nanotubes." Functional Materials Letters 13, no. 04 (2020): 2050025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604720500253.

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N-doped nanocarbons are promising materials for metal-free and supported catalysts. Three types of N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), by oxidation of the CVD produced N-CNTs with nitric acid, and by post-doping of oxidized undoped CNTs with ammonia. Cobalt catalysts with 20[Formula: see text]wt.% loading supported on N-CNTs were tested in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Oxidized N-CNTs containing pyridone groups demonstrated the best stabilization of cobalt nanoparticles. The catalyst on this support showed the highest selectivity towards [For

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Pavlov, V. S., O. A. Ponomareva, D. V. Bruter, et al. "Deactivation of NaY in Aniline Alkylation with Methanol: Accumulation Kinetics, Composition, and Localization of Coke Deposits." Petroleum Chemistry 65, no. 4 (2025): 450–59. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544125600912.

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Abstract This study investigates the kinetics of deactivation of a commercial NaY zeolite catalyst in alkylation of aniline with methanol due to coke deposition. In order to identify the accumulation trend, composition, and localization of coke deposits, a series of zeolite catalyst samples differing in reactor residence time were obtained. The catalysts and the accumulated coke deposits were characterized by X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, TGA/DTA, SEM, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, 27Al and 13C MAS NMR, NH3-TPD, and GC/MS. The coke species deposited on the catal

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