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1

Kalmakov, K. K., G. Z. Turebekova, F. M. Yusupov, K. Zh Azhibekov, R. A. Kozykeeva, and K. S. Nadirov. "Effects of the depth of hydro desulfurization of raw materials on the yields of catalytic cracking products." Neft i Gaz, no. 4 (August 30, 2024): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2024-4.11.

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The article is devoted to the problem of complex processing of oil feedstock and increasing the output of light petroleum products, in particular, catalytic cracking gasoline. Currently, the oil refining industry of Kazakhstan is faced with the task of complex processing of hydrocarbon raw materials, increasing the depth of processing and output of light petroleum products. In this connection it is urgent to solve the problem of lack of raw materials for oil refineries of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The complexity of solving the problem of processing residues of oils, fuel oil and intermediate
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2

Evdokimova, Natalya G., Tatyana M. Levina, Ramil N. Mutallapov, Elena V. Startseva, and Olga Yu Shishkina. "IMPROVEMENT OF CATALYTIC CRACKING FOR DEEPEN OF OIL REFINING." Oil and Gas Business, no. 6 (December 17, 2024): 135–56. https://doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-6-135-156.

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At the moment, there is a situation in the world in which the volume of proven reserves of light oils is decreasing, and the volume of reserves of heavy oils are increasing. The processing of heavy hydrocarbons is becoming more complicated and does not provide the necessary depth of extraction of light distillates. Large capital expenditures are required to ensure the specified oil refining depth parameter.The deepening of oil refining is developing through the development and implementation of flexible technological schemes and advanced high-intensity environmentally friendly thermocatalytic
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3

de Souza, Francisco José, Jonathan Utzig, Guilherme do Nascimento, Alicia Carvalho Ribeiro, Higor de Bitencourt Rodrigues, and Henry França Meier. "Reduced-Order Model for Catalytic Cracking of Bio-Oil." Fluids 10, no. 7 (2025): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10070179.

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This work presents a one-dimensional (1D) model for simulating the behavior of an FCC riser reactor processing bio-oil. The FCC riser is modeled as a plug-flow reactor, where the bio-oil feed undergoes vaporization followed by catalytic cracking reactions. The bio-oil droplets are represented using a Lagrangian framework, which accounts for their movement and evaporation within the gas-solid flow field, enabling the assessment of droplet size impact on reactor performance. The cracking reactions are modeled using a four-lumped kinetic scheme, representing the conversion of bio-oil into gasolin
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4

Kelly, John T., Christopher J. Koch, Robert Lascola, and Tyler Guin. "Online Monitoring of Catalytic Processes by Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24237501.

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An innovative solution for real-time monitoring of reactions within confined spaces, optimized for Raman spectroscopy applications, is presented. This approach involves the utilization of a hollow-core waveguide configured as a compact flow cell, serving both as a conduit for Raman excitation and scattering and seamlessly integrating into the effluent stream of a cracking catalytic reactor. The analytical technique, encompassing device and optical design, ensures robustness, compactness, and cost-effectiveness for implementation into process facilities. Notably, the modularity of the approach
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5

Shi, Meirong, Xin Zhao, Qi Wang, and Le Wu. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Co-Processing of Bio-Oil and Vacuum Gas Oil in an Existing Refinery." Processes 9, no. 2 (2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020187.

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The co-cracking of vacuum gas oil (VGO) and bio-oil has been proposed to add renewable carbon into the co-processing products. However, the environmental performance of the co-processing scheme is still unclear. In this paper, the environmental impacts of the co-processing scheme are calculated by the end-point method Eco-indicator 99 based on the data from actual industrial operations and reports. Three scenarios, namely fast pyrolysis scenario, catalytic pyrolysis scenario and pure VGO scenario, for two cases with different FCC capacities and bio-oil co-processing ratios are proposed to pres
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6

Shakiyeva, Tatyana V., Larissa R. Sassykova, Anastassiya A. Khamlenko, et al. "Catalytic cracking of M-100 fuel oil: relationships between origin process parameters and conversion products." Chimica Techno Acta 9, no. 3 (2022): 20229301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/chimtech.2022.9.3.01.

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The development of technologies for processing oil residues is relevant and promising for Kazakhstan, since the main oil reserves of hydrocarbons in the country are in heavy oils. This paper describes the study of the influence of technological modes on the yield and hydrocarbon composition of products formed because of cracking of commercial fuel oil and fuel oil M-100 in the presence of air in the reactor. For catalysts preparation, natural Taizhuzgen zeolite and Narynkol clay were used. It was found that the introduction of air into the reaction zone, in which oxygen is the initiator of the
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7

Kerssens, M. M., A. Wilbers, J. Kramer, et al. "Photo-spectroscopy of mixtures of catalyst particles reveals their age and type." Faraday Discussions 188 (2016): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00210a.

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Within a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, a mixture of catalyst particles that consist of either zeolite Y (FCC-Y) or ZSM-5 (FCC-ZSM-5) is used in order to boost the propylene yield when processing crude oil fractions. Mixtures of differently aged FCC-Y and FCC-ZSM-5 particles circulating in the FCC unit, the so-called equilibrium catalyst (Ecat), are routinely studied to monitor the overall efficiency of the FCC process. In this study, the age of individual catalyst particles is evaluated based upon photographs after selective staining with substituted styrene molecules. The observed colo
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8

Orazbayev, Batyr, Dinara Kozhakhmetova, Ryszard Wójtowicz, and Janusz Krawczyk. "Modeling of a Catalytic Cracking in the Gasoline Production Installation with a Fuzzy Environment." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184736.

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The article offers a systematic approach to the method of developing mathematical models of a chemical-technological system (CTS) in conditions of deficit and fuzziness of initial information using available data of various types. Based on the results of research and processing of the collected quantitative and qualitative information, mathematical models of the reactor are constructed. Formalized and obtained mathematical statements of the control problem for choosing effective modes of operation of technological systems are based on mathematical modeling. Based on the obtained expert informa
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9

Dolomatova, M. M., A. I. Bystrov, R. I. Khairudinov, et al. "The Possibility of Estimating the Characteristics for the Fractional Composition of Heavy Oils by Optical Absorption Spectra." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 631, no. 3 (2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2022-631-3-10-13.

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The possibility of estimating the fractional composition by the parameters of optical absorption spectra is shown for heavy oils and gas oils of catalytic cracking. The characteristics of the normal distribution of the composition by boiling points were obtained by processing experimental data on the ITK curves using the Newton - Raphson optimization method. The dependences linkingthe average boiling point μ and the dispersion of the normal distribution law for the composition are established.The obtained dependences can be used for primary estimates of the fractional composition for raw mater
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10

Da, Hongju, Degang Xu, Jufeng Li, et al. "Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission from Typical Refining Units: Identification, Analysis, and Mitigation Potential." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186527.

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As the global third-largest stationary source of carbon emissions, petroleum refineries have attracted much attention. Many investigations and methodologies have been used for the quantification of carbon emissions of refineries at the industry or enterprise scale. The granularity of current carbon emissions data impairs the reliability of precise mitigation, so analysis and identification of influencing factors for carbon emissions at a more micro-level, such as unit level, is essential. In this paper, four typical units, including fluid catalytic cracking, Continuous Catalytic Reforming, del
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11

Yu, Ziqi, and Tuo Wei. "Research Progress and Prospects of Catalytic Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil." International Journal of Energy 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.54097/wvsvpc40.

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Heavy oil, as an important energy resource, faces many challenges in its extraction and utilization. With the gradual reduction of global crude oil reserves, the extraction and utilization of heavy oil have become particularly important. The catalytic aquathermolysis technology for heavy oil has received widespread attention as an effective method for heavy oil processing. The research shows that this technology can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil and improve oil recovery by hydrolyzing the colloidal asphaltene in heavy oil at high temperature and cracking it into small molecular structure.
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12

Stratiev, Dicho. "Evaluation of Feedstock Characteristics Determined by Different Methods and Their Relationships to the Crackability of Petroleum, Vegetable, Biomass, and Waste-Derived Oils Used as Feedstocks for Fluid Catalytic Cracking: A Systematic Review." Processes 13, no. 7 (2025): 2169. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072169.

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It has been proven that the performance of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), as the most important oil refining process for converting low-value heavy oils into high-value transportation fuels, light olefins, and feedstocks for petrochemicals, depends strongly on the quality of the feedstock. For this reason, characterization of feedstocks and their relationships to FCC performance are issues deserving special attention. This study systematically reviews various publications dealing with the influence of feedstock characteristics on FCC performance, with the aim of identifying the best character
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13

Shishkova, Ivelina, Dicho Stratiev, Petko Kirov, et al. "Root Cause Analysis for Observed Increased Sedimentation in a Commercial Residue Hydrocracker." Processes 13, no. 3 (2025): 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030674.

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Ebullated bed vacuum residue hydrocracking is a well-established technology providing a high conversion level of low-value residue fractions in high-value light fuels. The main challenge in this technology when processing vacuum residues derived from different crude oils is the sediment formation rate that leads to equipment fouling and cycle length shortening. With the severity enhancement, the asphaltenes become more aromatic and less soluble which leads to sediment formation when the difference between solubility parameters of asphaltenes and maltenes goes beyond a threshold value. Although
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14

Peshnev, Boris V., Elena V. Burlyaeva, Denis V. Nikishin, Alexander I. Nikolaev, and Andrey S. Kuznetsov. "ASESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CAVITATION PROCESSING OF DARK OIL PRODUCTS." ChemChemTech 67, no. 7 (2024): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20246707.7006.

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The paper presents experimental results of the influence of the conditions of cavitation treatment of dark petroleum products in the hydrodynamic regime on the yield of fractions boiling up to 400 °C. Straight-run products (fuel oils, vacuum gas oils), as well as catalytic cracking gas oils, were considered as raw materials. The influence of raw material characteristics (density, fractional and group hydrocarbon composition) and its processing conditions (pressure, at five cycles of exposure) on the yield of the target fraction is considered. The linear dependence of the yield of the target fr
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15

Towner, Tyler W., and Donald G. Plumlee. "Design and Fabrication of LTCC Catalyst Chambers." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (2011): 000037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-ta15.

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The reduction in satellite size and mass presents the need to develop a proportionally smaller propulsion system for orbital station keeping. A liquid, monopropellant micropropulsion device made from Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics (LTCC) has been developed at Boise State University. This robust, simple design uses an embedded silver catalyst chamber to decompose a rocket-grade hydrogen peroxide monopropellant into a hot gas, which is then expelled out through a nozzle to generate thrust. Using LTCC eliminates the planar geometry fabrication constraint commonly found in silicon MEMS processi
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16

He, Wei, Jufeng Li, Zhihe Tang, et al. "A Novel Hybrid CNN-LSTM Scheme for Nitrogen Oxide Emission Prediction in FCC Unit." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8071810.

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Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), a key unit for secondary processing of heavy oil, is one of the main pollutant emissions of NOx in refineries which can be harmful for the human health. Owing to its complex behaviour in reaction, product separation, and regeneration, it is difficult to accurately predict NOx emission during FCC process. In this paper, a novel deep learning architecture formed by integrating Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) for nitrogen oxide emission prediction is proposed and validated. CNN is used to extract features among multidime
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17

Stratiev, Dicho, Vesislava Toteva, Ivelina Shishkova, et al. "Industrial Investigation of the Combined Action of Vacuum Residue Hydrocracking and Vacuum Gas Oil Catalytic Cracking While Processing Different Feeds and Operating under Distinct Conditions." Processes 11, no. 11 (2023): 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11113174.

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Ebullated bed vacuum residue hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) are among the most profitable processes in modern refining. Their optimal performance is vital for petroleum refining profitability. That is why a better understanding of their combined action and the interrelations between these two heavy oil conversion processes in a real-world refinery could provide valuable information for further performance optimization. Nine distinct petroleum crudes belonging to the extra light, light, and medium petroleum crude types were processed in the LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas refinery to s
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18

Zaritovskii, Aleksandr N., Elena N. Kotenko, and Svetlana V. Grishchuk. "CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES OBTAINING FROM POLYMER MATERIALS." ChemChemTech 67, no. 5 (2024): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20246705.6957.

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As part of the expansion of raw material base used in the development of technological and productive methods for the synthesis of carbon nanostructures (CNS) and solving the problem of environmentally friendly and economical polymer recycling, the results of investigation of microwave (MW) catalytic pyrolysis of macromolecular compounds from the range of polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol are presented. The information about existing approaches to solving these problems is briefly considered, and the prospects for MW processing of polymers are shown. The
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19

Nasution, A. S., E. Jasjfi, and Evita H. Legowo. "ZEOLIT CRACKING CATALYST." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 26, no. 1 (2022): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.26.1.993.

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Nowadays, refiners are facing a continuing need to add bottom processing by catalytic process (catalytic cracking and hydro cracking processes) capacity a result of gradually deteriorating crude oil quality and flat-to-declining for residualfuel oil.
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20

Krymets, G. V., M. I. Litynska, and O. V. Melnychuk. "Catalytic processing of the acid tars." Catalysis and Petrochemistry, no. 33 (2022): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2022.33.084.

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Acid tars are wastes from the processing of coal, petroleum, and petrochemicals (oil refining, benzene refining and petroleum fractions refining and alkylation of isobutane with butenes). Acid tar compositions include resinous substances, organic matter, and polymerization products of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The presence of free sulfuric acid in acid tars often reaches 70 % by weight. Almost all metals from oil are concentrated in tars, and the content of vanadium and nickel can reach 0.046 and 0.014 %, respectively. A lot of countries keep acid tar in the open air in spent quarries, storage
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21

Nazarova, Galina Y., Elena N. Ivashkina, Barida J. Nafo, Vladislav V. Maltsev, and Tatyana A. Shafran. "Prediction of catalytic cracking performance during co-processing of vacuum gas oil and low-margin oil refining streams." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 335, no. 4 (2024): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/4/4489.

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Relevance. Expansion of catalytic cracking feedstock resources both due to the need to intensify the process to increase the yield of target products (high-octane gasoline, light olefins) and to deepen oil refining through the utilization of low-margin streams at refineries. Along with this, there is an urgent need to develop domestic mathematical tools for optimizing the catalytic cracking, predicting the process performance when the modes and feedstock qualities changes, as well as planning of production. This requires in-depth analysis and detailed study of the composition of oil fractions
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22

Shakiyeva, Tatyana, Larissa Sassykova, Anastassiya Khamlenko, et al. "Composite catalysts for the catalytic processing of fuel oil." MATEC Web of Conferences 340 (2021): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134001017.

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The paper describes the catalytic cracking of heavy petroleum feedstock on catalysts based natural Taizhuzgen zeolite and Narynkol clay (Kazakhstan). Catalytic cracking was studied on fuel oil of the M-100 brand taken from the LLP Pavlodar Oil Chemistry Refinery (Kazakhstan). Air was added into the reaction medium. It was found that under optimal conditions, the conversion of the heavy residue of M-100 fuel oil reaches 46.2%, when cracking the initial fuel oil, the yield of the middle distillate fraction is 85.7 wt. % due to the content of 41.1 wt. % residual light gas oil in the resulting pro
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23

Koledin, O. S., M. Yu Dolomatov, E. A. Kovaleva, R. V. Garipov, and M. R. Valeev. "THE QSPR MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF OCTANE NUMBERS OF HYDROCARBONS OF A SERIES OF ALKENES BY TOPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MOLECULES." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 17, no. 3-4 (2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2021-17-3-4-92-102.

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Relevance Modeling, optimization and design of processes in the technology of oil refining and organic synthesis, as well as the use of new chemical and technological processes involv ing hydrocarbon systems with the calculation of physical and chemical properties (РCS) of liquids and gases. The accuracy of calculations plays an observed role in the calculations of oil refining and organic synthesis processes, as well as approximate reactor processes, fractionation and heat exchange equipment. Despite the availability of РCS databases, the search for adequate initial data takes a long time at
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24

Ulfiati, Ratu. "CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF ZSM-5 ZEOLITE IN HEAVY HYDROCARBON CATALYTIC CRACKING: A REVIEW." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 42, no. 1 (2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.42.1.384.

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Low quality heavy oils and residues, which are subsequently obtained by processing heavy crudes, are considered as alternate suitable source for transportation fuels, energy and petrochemicals. ZSM-5 zeolite with high Si/Al ratio and modified with phosphorous and La has showed not only high selectivity to light olefins but also high hydrothermal stability for the steam catalytic cracking of naphtha. Kaolin is promising natural resource as raw material to synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite. The utilization of acid catalysts with large pore size or hierarchically structured and high hydrothermal stabili
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25

Abbasov, V. M., T. A. Mammadova, R. T. Samadov, and N. E. Samadova. "Comparison of thermal and catalytic cracking of fuel oil with addition of polyethylene waste and tire waste." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 03 (March 15, 2025): 49–53. https://doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2025-03-49-53.

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Thermal and catalytic cracking play a key role in modern oil refining, enabling the efficient processing of raw materials to produce fuel products with high performance characteristics. These processes are aimed at breaking down high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons to form lighter compounds suitable for use as motor fuels. One of the directions for improving these technologies is the incorporation of secondary raw materials, such as polymer waste and used tires, which contributes both to solving environmental problems and increasing the economic efficiency of processing. The use of polyethylene
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26

Fal’kevich, G. S., M. V. Baril’chuk, E. A. Tarabrina, A. M. Klychmuradov, N. N. Rostanin, and B. K. Nefedov. "New technology in processing olefin-containing gases from catalytic cracking." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 35, no. 2 (1999): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02694143.

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Ma, Zi Qin, Jin Chao Gao, Zuo Qian Zhang, and Da Li Kang. "Application of Wavelet Envelope Spectrum Analysis in Air Blower Rotating Stall Failure Diagnosis." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.132.

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Based on qualitative analysis in mechanism of air blowers rotating stall, wavelet envelope spectrum are applied in failure signal analysis of catalytic cracking unit main air blower in a petrochemical company. By utilizing time & frequency localization characteristics of wavelet analysis and extracting detail characteristic of air blower failure, and by Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis, faults are determined and located. The method is applied to failure signal analysis and processing of catalytic cracking unit main air blower in a petrochemical company, which has made a good progress.
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Rahmawati, Rahmawati, Hutwan Syarifuddin, and Nazarudin Nazarudin. "Processing Mixture Of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by The Cracking Method." Jurnal Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 5, no. 2 (2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jpb.v5i2.19852.

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The composition of waste in Jambi City is dominated by plantation waste and plastic waste, if not managed properly, it can have a negative impact on the environment. There is a need for alternatives to processing plastic waste and plantation waste, one of which is the catalytic cracking process to produce alternative fuels. The catalyst used is petroleum refining industry waste that can be reused. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) catalysts and the effect of the ratio of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic waste and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
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Vechi, Thiago, Camila da Silva Maschio, Julia Kleis, et al. "Potential of poultry residual fat biofuels from thermo-catalytic cracking." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 15 (2022): e323111536458. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.36458.

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Biofuels have been occupying space in the fuel market as a renewable substitute for petrol fuels. The thermal and/or thermo-catalytic cracking using triglyceride biomass stands out among the biofuel production processes. Cracking processes result in the production of coke, bio-oil and non-condensable gases. The quantification of each product in a cracking process is directly linked to operational conditions. This project focuses on the use of residual fat from the poultry processing industry, converting it into biofuel so that it can be used in the industry itself as a source of energy. The qu
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Soetedjo, Jenny Novianti Muliarahayu, Michael Osborn, Lucas Adriel Setiawan, et al. "LDPE Film Waste Treatment into Liquid Fuel Using Catalytic Cracking." Engineering Chemistry 2 (May 16, 2023): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-1t2bpt.

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Plastic industry development has increased the amount of plastic waste, including LDPE plastic film, therefore LDPE waste processing becomes essential, such as thermal or catalytic cracking. Cracking is the breakdown of complex hydrocarbons into simple and commercial hydrocarbons (C3-C40). The catalytic cracking is preferred due to lower temperatures, which is 200-300°C instead of 500-700°C. In this study, catalyst selection, acid impregnation of catalyst, catalyst loading (wt%), N2-gas-purging, feed-to-solvent weight-ratio, temperature, and reaction time were studied to determine the most sui
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Wang, Gang, Jing Sun, Dong Fang, Jun Xiao, Jie Nan, and Jinsen Gao. "Molecular-refining oriented strategy of catalytic cracking for processing heavy oil." SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica 48, no. 4 (2018): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n032017-00169.

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Urazov, Kh Kh, N. N. Sviridenko, N. S. Sergeev, A. S. Akimov, and V. D. Ogorodnikov. "Co and Ni-containing catalysts for heavy oil refining: the effect of ethanol on the composition and structure of catalytic cracking products." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 24, no. 2 (2024): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2024-2-59-65.

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The study deals with the products of thermal processing of heavy oil in the presence of Ni- and Co-containing catalysts that are formed in situ from the mixture of corresponding salts with ethanol. In comparison with thermal cracking, in the catalytic process the yield of bright fractions increases from 51 to 63 % and the yield of coke decreases from 3 to 2 wt.%. In the case of mixed Ni and Сo catalyst, the least yields of gas (5 wt.%) and coke (0.1 wt.%) are observed. A decrease in the sulfur content occurs in the products of both thermal (by 17 %) and catalytic cracking (from 12 to 32 rel.%)
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33

Olaremu, Abimbola G., Williams R. Adedoyin, Odunayo T. Ore, and Adedapo O. Adeola. "Sustainable development and enhancement of cracking processes using metallic composites." Applied Petrochemical Research 11, no. 1 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13203-021-00263-1.

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AbstractMetallic composites represent a vital class of materials that has gained increased attention in crude oil processing as well as the production of biofuel from other sources in recent times. Several catalytic materials have been reported in the literature for catalytic cracking, particularly, of crude oil. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging methods/technologies such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), metal–matrix composites (MMCs), and catalytic support materials, to bridge information gaps toward sustainable advancement in catalysis for petr
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Ekananda, Rizki, Rokhmaturrokhman Rokhmaturrokhman, Wilda Yuni Parinduri, and Zaky Al Fatony. "Green-Fuel Production Through Co-Processing Biomass Derived Oil with Standard Gasoil Feedstock." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 21, no. 1 (2025): 130. https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.21.1.91418.130-137.

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<p>To enhance refinery revenue through the use of new and renewable materials, lab-scale research on green-fuel production has been conducted. This involved co-processing biomass-derived oil with standard gasoil feedstock and existing E-cat to assess its feasibility for commercial fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units. The catalytic cracking process varied the type of biomass-derived oil (Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO)) against standard gasoil, using typical operating parameters: cracking temperature of 510 °C, C/O ratio of ~6, and regenerator te
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Sibagatullina, Elena R., Ruslan R. Yapaev, Ekaterina S. Volkova, Ekaterina E. Firsova, Alina R. Valieva, and Klara E. Stankevich. "EXPERIENCE IN OBTAINING PRODUCTS OF THE DELAYED COKING PROCESS USING VISBREAKING RESIDUE AND CATALYTIC CRACKING HEAVY GAS OIL AS FEEDSTOCK." Oil and Gas Business, no. 2 (May 19, 2023): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2023-2-204-217.

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The authors have analyzed the literature data on delayed coking process. There have been considered the following: feedstock bases for petroleum coke production; implementation and development of delayed coking process; the types of products obtained. It has been revealed, that the main feedstocks for the process are heavy fractions of oil: fuel oil, semihudron, tar, various heavy oil residues, etc.In order to expand the feedstock base, the authors conducted laboratory studies concerning the use of visbreaking residue and catalytic cracking heavy gas oil in the coking process. During the resea
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Alias, Amirah Farhana, Zulfan Adi Putra, M. Roil Bilad, M. Dzul Hakim Wirzal, and Nik Abdul Hadi M Nordin. "SIMULATION OF CO-PROCESSING BIO-OIL AND VGO IN FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNITS." Platform : A Journal of Engineering 4, no. 1 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pajevol4iss1art6741.

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Biofuel is a promising substitute for fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to provide highly sustainable fuels. Several technical challenges are indeed present during upgrading bio-oil to transportation fuel on a large scale. Co-processing bio-oil with some petroleum fractions in existing refineries serves as an alternative method to minimise processing costs. This paper aims to evaluate the co-processing by exploring the effects of temperature, bio-oil ratios and types of bio-oil to the product yields and quality in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit within a refinery comple
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Stratiev, Dicho Stoyanov, Ivelina Kostova Shishkova, Rosen Kocev Dinkov, et al. "Crude Slate, FCC Slurry Oil, Recycle, and Operating Conditions Effects on H-Oil® Product Quality." Processes 9, no. 6 (2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060952.

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This paper evaluates the influence of crude oil (vacuum residue) properties, the processing of fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil, and recycle of hydrocracked vacuum residue diluted with fluid catalytic cracking heavy cycle oil, and the operating conditions of the H-Oil vacuum residue hydrocracking on the quality of the H-Oil liquid products. 36 cases of operation of a commercial H-Oil® ebullated bed hydrocracker were studied at different feed composition, and different operating conditions. Intercriteria analysis was employed to define the statistically meaningful relations between 135 param
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Yongbing, Xue, and Li Bingzheng. "Study of oils from co-processing of coal and petroleum catalytic cracking slurry." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Dec 2013 (2013): 2275–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5794705.

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School of Chemical &amp; Biological Technology, Taiyuan University of Science &amp; Technology, Taiyuan 030021, P. R. China <em>E-mail</em> : xueyongbing@yahoo.com.cn&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Fax : 86-351-6938207 School of Environment &amp; Safety, Taiyuan University of Science &amp; Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China <em>Manuscript received online 20 November 2012, revised 27 January 2013, accepted 06 February 2013</em> A study was carried out on oils produced from co-processing of a coal and a petroleum catalytic cracking slurry (PCCS) in a 50-litre autoclave. Under the co-processing conditio
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Hamidi, Nurkholis, Rony Sessar Anugrah, Winarto Winarto, and Lilis Yuliati. "Improving Palm Oil Methylester Using Catalytic Cracking Methods." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 64, no. 2 (2025): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.64.2.7280.

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Biodiesel is a prospective substitute for diesel fuel that has garnered attention in recent years due to its environmentally conscious properties. However, biodiesel still exhibits several drawbacks in its features, namely in terms of its high viscosity, density, and flashpoint values. These factors can significantly impact the operation of the fuel motor engine, preventing it from operating at its ideal level. Consequently, biodiesel requires further processing to acquire properties that are appropriate for use in combustion engines, such as catalytic cracking with heterogeneous catalysts. Th
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Kairbekov, Zh K., A. S. Maloletnev, V. S. Yemelyanova, Zh K. Myltykbaeva, and B. B. Baizhomartov. "The New Methods of Deep Processing of Oil Residues in Conjunction with Shales." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.103.

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The results of studies on the development of a new process of thermal cracking of tar oil as a slurry with crushed oil shale to obtain components of motor fuels. The results suggest doubtless advantages of the process before the industrial of thermo cracking, since the single-stage processing of raw materials in relatively in the mild conditions (5 MPa, 425 °C, volumetric feed rate 1.0 h-1) is achieved deep destruction of tar oil (the yield petrol fraction with a bp amounts to up to 180 °C – ~12 mass % of middle distillates with a bp 180-360 °C – 43-44 mass %, of raw material for catalytic cra
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Potapenko, O. V., A. S. Lutchenko, V. P. Doronin, et al. "Control of Contribution of Cracking and Intermolecular Hydrogen Transfer in Cracking of Gasoline Fractions in Fixed and Circulating Catalyst Bed Reactors." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 18, no. 6 (2018): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2018-6-48-54.

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The studies were focused on the influence of key parameters (temperature, pressure, dilution of the reaction medium with an inert gas) of catalytic processes (cracking of vacuum gasoil, hydrogen-free upgrading and cracking of gasoline fractions) on the ratio of selectivities to cracking and intermolecular hydrogen transfer. Controlling the ratio of these reactions allows the required products to be obtained on the feedstock processing. Lengthening of the feedstock-catalyst contact time, a decrease in the proportion of the diluting inert gas, and the pressure rise provides an increase in the se
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Benjamin, Moreno-Montiel, Moreno-Montiel Carlos-Hiram, Moreno-Montiel Miriam-Noemi, and MacKinney-Romero René. "Data Mining on Data of Catalytic Cracking Microactivity Reactors Using PCEM." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 10, no. 11 (2019): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2019.10.11.1203.

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Halafova, Irada Arif, Natalya Konstantinovna Andryushchenko, and Fidan Ragif Mammadova. "Research of the process of producing motor fuels by an alternative method using vegetable oils." Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety 2024, no. 2 (2024): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2024-2-51-59.

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The development of processes for processing renewable raw materials into motor fuel components, petrochemical products, etc. is an important technological and environmental task. This article is devoted to the possibility of involving vegetable oils in the processes of obtaining motor fuels with improved environmental characteristics. The proposed mechanism of the catalytic conversion of vegetable oils (cotton, sunflower, and mixtures of waste vegetable oils, after use in the food industry; in this article – cottonseed oil) into fatty acids and gasoline hydrocarbons was studied using model ole
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Yevdokymenko, V. O., N. Y. Khimach, T. V. Tkachenko, et al. "Improving the quality of low octane hydrocarbon fractions under conditions of catalytic processing on aluminum-silicon catalysts." Catalysis and petrochemistry, no. 30 (2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2020.30.066.

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The main challenge today is to find new alternative energy sources. Reduction of oil, gas and coal production can be achieved through the rational use of biomass as a raw material for fuels and lubri-cants. Thermochemical treatment of biomass allows to obtain raw materials for a number of process-es, in particular the separation of hydrocarbon components and their catalytic treatment allows to ob-tain alternative components for motor fuels. The main advantage of using hydrocarbon fractions from biomass is that they are completely free of sulfur- or nitrogen-containing compounds that play the r
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Ancheyta, J., and S. Rodríguez. "Results of Processing VGO-LCO Blends in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Commercial Unit." Energy & Fuels 16, no. 3 (2002): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0102263.

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46

Klimov, O. V., K. A. Nadeina, A. V. Saiko, et al. "Studying Properties of Hydroconversion Products of Thermolysis Oil Produced from Waste of Mixed Plastics." Ecology and Industry of Russia 27, no. 2 (2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-2-15-21.

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The results of the study of liquid products of hydrogenation processing of thermolysis oil obtained from a mixture of plastic waste are presented. It is established that as a result of hydrogenation processing of thermolysis oil in the conditions of the process of preparation of fuel for catalytic cracking and in the presence of catalysts of this process, hydrogenates with a high content of paraffins and low content of sulfur, nitrogen, condensed aromatic compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons were obtained. Methods of processing these hydrogenates into motor fuels and feedstock for petrochemi
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DOKUCHAEV, I. S., M. MAXIMOV N., and A. TYSHCHENKO V. "INVESTIGATION OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODEL PETROLEUM RAW MATERIALS UNDER CRACKING CONDITIONS OVER A REGENERATED SPENT HYDROTREATMENT CATALYST." Chemistry for Sustainable Development 32, no. 1 (2024): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/csd2024526.

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The physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of regenerated spent aluminium-cobalt-molybdenum hydrotreatment catalyst have been investigated under cracking conditions in the model systems n-dodecane - toluene and decalin - toluene - n-hexane. A series of experiments to study the catalytic activity of the sample was carried out using a flow-type laboratory installation within the temperature range 430-470 °C, nitrogen pressure 1.6 MPa, liquid hourly space velocity 0.5-3.0 h-1. The directions of transformation were determined for paraffin and naphthenic hydrocarbons by means of gas chro
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48

Guo, Ji, Yujia Lou, Wanyi Wang, and Xianhua Wu. "Optimization Modeling and Empirical Research on Gasoline Octane Loss Based on Data Analysis." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (May 11, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5553069.

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Gasoline is one of the most consumed light petroleum products in transportation and other industries. This paper proposes a method for optimizing gasoline octane loss using data analysis technology aimed at optimizing the production process and minimizing the loss of gasoline octane. Firstly, the data are screened and the high-dimensional data are reduced to construct the neural network prediction model optimized by genetic algorithm. After utilizing the model for prediction, the optimal operating condition is achieved. Secondly, ensuring that the gasoline emission meets the standard, the octa
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Vorobyeva, E. E., V. A. Vdovichenko, A. V. Polukhin, et al. "Catalytic hydroprocessing of plastic waste into valuable hydrocarbons." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 25, no. 3 (2025): 62–75. https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2025-3-62-75.

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The possibility of hydroprocessing of plastic waste pyrolysis product to obtain valuable hydrocarbons has been investigated. The catalytic experiment was carried out in the flow regime at T = 310 °C, PH2 = 80 bar, LHSV = 0.5 h-1 on a fixed bed of CoMoNi/Al2O3 catalyst, a fraction of pyrolysis oil (a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene) with Tboiling &lt; 360 °C was used as feedstock. As a result of processing, a product with the properties of kerosene, except for boiling point and turbidity, was obtained. The necessity of including acid additives (zeolite or zeolite-like materials) in th
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Thambiyapillai, Selvaganapathy, and Muthuvelayudham Ramanujam. "An Experimental Investigation and Aspen HYSYS Simulation of Waste Polystyrene Catalytic Cracking Process for the Gasoline Fuel Production." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (2021): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33817.

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Plastic wastes are necessary to recycle due to their disposal issues around the world. They can be recycled through various techniques i.e., mechanical reprocessing, mechanical recycling, chemical recycling and incineration. Most recycling techniques are expensive and end up in producing low-grade products excluding chemical recycling; it is an eco-friendly way to deal with plastic waste. Catalytic cracking is one of the chemical recycling methods, for converting waste plastics into liquid fuel same as commercial fuels. An experimental investigation of polystyrene catalytic cracking process wa
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