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1

Furimsky, Edward. "Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation." Applied Catalysis A: General 199, no. 2 (2000): 147–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(99)00555-4.

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2

Zhao, Bojun, Bin Du, Jiansheng Hu, et al. "Recent Advances in Novel Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation Strategies for Biomass Valorization without Exogenous Hydrogen Donors—A Review." Catalysts 14, no. 10 (2024): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14100673.

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Driven by the growing energy crisis and environmental concerns regarding the utilization of fossil fuels, biomass liquefaction has emerged as a highly promising technology for the production of renewable energy and value-added chemicals. However, due to the high oxygen content of biomass materials, biocrude oil produced from liquefaction processes often contains substantial oxygenated compounds, posing challenges for direct downstream applications. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) upgrading with hydrogen donors is crucial for improving the quality and applicability of biomass-derived fuels and chemicals. The costs, safety, and sustainability concerns associated with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen and organic molecule hydrogen donors are driving researchers to explore alternative and innovative biomass hydrodeoxygenation approaches without exogenous hydrogen donors. This review offers an overview of the recent developments in catalytic hydro-liquefaction and hydrodeoxygenation methods for biomass valorization without external hydrogen donation, including catalytic self-transfer hydrogenolysis using endogenous hydrogen in biomass structure, in situ catalytic hydrodeoxygenation employing water as the hydrogen donor, and in situ hydrodeoxygenation via water splitting assisted by zero-valent metals. The in situ hydrogen supply mechanisms and the impact of various hydrodeoxygenation catalysts on hydrogen donation efficiency using endogenous hydrogen are summarized in detail in this work. Furthermore, the current obstacles and future research demands are also discussed in order to provide valuable recommendations for the advancement of biomass utilization technologies.
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3

LaVopa, Vito, and Charles N. Satterfield. "Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran." Energy & Fuels 1, no. 4 (1987): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00004a003.

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4

Choudhary, T. V., and C. B. Phillips. "Renewable fuels via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation." Applied Catalysis A: General 397, no. 1-2 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.02.025.

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5

Duan, Haohong, Jin-Cheng Liu, Ming Xu, et al. "Molecular nitrogen promotes catalytic hydrodeoxygenation." Nature Catalysis 2, no. 12 (2019): 1078–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41929-019-0368-6.

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6

Xu, Hao, and Hao Li. "Catalytic conversion of biomass." Sustainable Catalysis Science 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.61187/scs.v1i1.8.

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 Resource scarcity and increasing climate change have brought attention to the need for sustainable and renewable resources. Biomass is an earth-rich material with great potential as a feedstock for alternative fuels and chemicals. In order to utilize biomass efficiently, such biopolymers must be depolymerized and converted into key structural units and/or target products, and biological or chemical catalysts are often used for fast and energy-efficient reactions. This paper presents recent advances in the catalytic conversion of biomass into biofuels and value-added products. Hydrodeoxygenation is an important and unique method for converting biomass and biomass-derived oxygenated chemicals into high value-added chemicals and fuels. However, the synthesis of catalysts with excellent hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation performance at the same time remains a great challenge.
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7

Du, Kuan, Beichen Yu, Yimin Xiong, et al. "Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-Oil over an Enhanced Interfacial Catalysis of Microemulsions Stabilized by Amphiphilic Solid Particles." Catalysts 13, no. 3 (2023): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13030573.

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Bio-oil emulsions were stabilized using coconut shell coke, modified amphiphilic graphene oxide, and hydrophobic nano-fumed silica as solid emulsifiers. The effects of different particles on the stability of bio-oil emulsions were discussed. Over 21 days, the average droplet size of raw bio-oil increased by 64.78%, while that of bio-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by three particles only changed within 20%. The bio-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by Ni/SiO2 was then used for catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. It was found that the bio-oil undergoes polymerization during catalytic hydrogenation. For raw bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation, the polymerization reaction was little affected by the temperature below 200 °C, but when the temperature raised to 250 °C, it was greatly accelerated. However, the polymerization of monocyclic aromatic compounds in the reaction process was partially inhibited under the bio-oil Pickering emulsion system. Additionally, a GC-MS analysis was performed on raw bio-oil and hydrodeoxygenated bio-oil to compare the change in GC-MS-detectable components after hydrodeoxygenation at 200 °C. The results showed that the Pickering emulsion catalytic system greatly promoted the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds in bio-oil, with most monocyclic phenolic compounds detected by GC-MS converting to near 100%.
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8

Hachemi, Imane, Klara Jeništová, Päivi Mäki-Arvela, et al. "Comparative study of sulfur-free nickel and palladium catalysts in hydrodeoxygenation of different fatty acid feedstocks for production of biofuels." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 5 (2016): 1476–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01294e.

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9

Chen, Changzhou, Minghao Zhou, Peng Liu, Brajendra K. Sharma, and Jianchun Jiang. "Flexible NiCo-based catalyst for direct hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to cyclohexanol." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 43 (2020): 18906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02929g.

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10

Carli, Michelle Flavin, Bambang Heru Susanto, and Thareq Kemal Habibie. "Sythesis of bioavture through hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking from oleic acid using NiMo/Zeolit catalyst." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702023.

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Currently, fossil fuels are still the primary source of fuel. As has been known, fossil fuel especially aviation fuel is limited resources and can increase greenhouse gas emissions. This condition encourages replacement efforts of avture into bioavture fuel. In this research, bioavture is synthesized through hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking from oleic acid as a model compound using NiMo/Zeolite catalyst. Hydrodeoxygenation carried out under operating conditions: at temperature of 375°C, under 15 bar pressure and for 2.5 hours. The chain of hydrocarbons from the result of hydrodeoxygenation has been cracked by catalytic cracking reaction for 1.5 hours. Variation operating condition used are 360, 375, and 390°C. The liquid product is tested its chemical characteristic, ie acid number, FTIR and GC-MS and its physical characteristics, ie density test and viscosity. Bioavtur that synthesized by catalytic cracking have met the specifications of bioavtur, except the acid number with optimum temperature at 375oC. These conditions with NiMo/Zeolite activated led to dominant yield of 36.32%, selectivity of 38.05%, and conversion of 84.30%. Percentage of yield and selectivity of bioavtur are still low caused by performance of catalyst that is still can not optimum. While, high percentage of conversion caused by high temperature used for catalytic cracking.
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11

Zhao, Bin, Guanghui Zhang, Jingbo Mao, Yanli Wang, Hong Yang, and Xinwen Guo. "The Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Catalytic Activity of NiTiO3 for Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (2021): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080994.

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Guaiacol is a typical model compound used to investigate and understand the hydrodeoxygenation behaviour of bio-oils, which is critical to their application as an alternative to fossil resources. While extensive research has been carried out on developing catalysts for guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation, the true active sites in these catalysts are often illusive. This study investigated the effect of Au-loading on the catalytic activity of NiTiO3 for the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol. It showed that metallic Ni formed by the partial reduction in NiTiO3 was responsible for its catalytic activity. Au-loading in NiTiO3 effectively reduces the temperature required for the NiTiO3 reduction from 400 °C to 300 °C. Consequently, at an Au-loading of 0.86 wt%, the 0.86 Au/NiTiO3-300 °C catalyst was found to deliver a guaiacol conversion of ~32%, more than 6 times higher than that of the pure NiTiO3-300 °C catalyst.
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12

Zhang, Zaiman, and Hao Li. "Water-mediated catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of biomass." Fuel 310 (February 2022): 122242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122242.

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13

EDELMAN, M. "Vapor-phase catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of benzofuran." Journal of Catalysis 111, no. 2 (1988): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(88)90083-8.

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14

Li, Xing-Yu, Rui Shang, Ming-Chen Fu, and Yao Fu. "Conversion of biomass-derived fatty acids and derivatives into hydrocarbons using a metal-free hydrodeoxygenation process." Green Chemistry 17, no. 5 (2015): 2790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc00556f.

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15

Guo, Huijun, Yumeng Song, Ping Chen, Hui Lou, and Xiaoming Zheng. "Effects of graphitization of carbon nanospheres on hydrodeoxygenation activity of molybdenum carbide." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 16 (2018): 4199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy01136b.

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16

Zhang, Yunpeng, Jingwen Zhao, Guoli Fan, Lan Yang, and Feng Li. "Robust MOF-derived carbon-supported bimetallic Ni–Co catalysts for aqueous phase hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin." Dalton Transactions 51, no. 6 (2022): 2238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt03970a.

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17

Yang, Xiaomin, Yu Liang, Xu Zhao, et al. "Au/CNTs catalyst for highly selective hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin at the water/oil interface." RSC Adv. 4, no. 60 (2014): 31932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04692g.

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18

Huynh, Quyen, Viet Tan Tran, Nhung Dinh Tran, and Cai Van Huynh. "Co-doping of Ni, Cu on CoMo/TiO2 catalyst and their effect on the hydrocracking reaction for the synthesis of BHD (bio-hydrofined-diesel) from animal fat and vegetable oil." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (2015): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.915.

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BHD (Bio hydrofined diesel) was synthesized from animal fat and vegetable oil by hydrodeoxygenation with CoMo/TiO2 catalyst. To improve the quality and the quantity of BHD, the synthesis co-doping of Ni, Cu on CoMo/TiO2 catalyst and catalytic performance were investiagated. The catalytic performance of various Ni, Cu- CoMo/TiO2 catalysts were studied for the hydrodeoxygention reaction at a range of temperature 300-350 oC. Compared with the hydrodeoxygention reaction with CoMo/TiO2 catalyst, the cetane number of BHD and the conversion reaction were higher when the co-doping catalyst was used. In addition, the quantity of BHD was increased 3-5 % vol when the hydrodeoxygenation reaction was done with co-doping Cu-CoMo/TiO2 catalyst.
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19

Shit, Subhash Chandra, Ramana Singuru, Simone Pollastri, et al. "Cu–Pd bimetallic nanoalloy anchored on a N-rich porous organic polymer for high-performance hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived vanillin." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 8 (2018): 2195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00325d.

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20

Zhou, Shenghui, Fanglin Dai, Chao Dang, et al. "Scale-up biopolymer-chelated fabrication of cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in N-enriched graphene shells for biofuel upgrade with formic acid." Green Chemistry 21, no. 17 (2019): 4732–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01720h.

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21

Stepacheva, Аntonina A., Valentin N. Sapunov, Esther M. Sulman M. Sulman, et al. "Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 11, no. 2 (2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.538.125-132.

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<p>This paper is devoted to the production of second generation biodiesel via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids. Pd/C catalysts with different metal loading were used. The palladium catalysts were characterized using low-temperature nitrogen physisorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was revealed that the most active and selective catalyst was 1%-Pd/C which allowed reaching up 97.5% of selectivity (regarding to n-heptadecane) at 100% conversion of substrate. Moreover, the chosen catalyst is more preferable according to lower metal content that leads the decrease of the process cost. The analysis of the catalysts showed that 1%-Pd/C had the highest specific surface area compared with 5%-Pd/C. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 31<sup>st</sup> July 2015; Revised: 9<sup>th</sup> December 2015; Accepted: 30<sup>th</sup> December 2015</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong>: Stepacheva, A.A., Sapunov, V.N., Sulman, E.M., Nikoshvili, L.Z., Sulman, M.G., Sidorov, A.I., Demidenko, G.N., Matveeva, V.G. (2016). Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis</em>, 11 (2): 125-132 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.538.125-132)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI</strong>: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.538.125-132</p>
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22

Deo, Shyam, and Michael J. Janik. "Predicting an optimal oxide/metal catalytic interface for hydrodeoxygenation chemistry of biomass derivatives." Catalysis Science & Technology 11, no. 16 (2021): 5606–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cy00707f.

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23

Arora, Shalini, Neeraj Gupta, and Vasundhara Singh. "Improved Pd/Ru metal supported graphene oxide nano-catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vanillyl alcohol, vanillin and lignin." Green Chemistry 22, no. 6 (2020): 2018–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc00052c.

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24

Venkatakrishnan, Vinod Kumar, W. Nicholas Delgass, Fabio H. Ribeiro, and Rakesh Agrawal. "Oxygen removal from intact biomass to produce liquid fuel range hydrocarbons via fast-hydropyrolysis and vapor-phase catalytic hydrodeoxygenation." Green Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2015): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01746c.

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25

Luo, Yan, Xuan Zhou, Hui Pu, et al. "Single stage catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of pretreated bio-oil." BioResources 16, no. 2 (2021): 2747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2747-2755.

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Raw bio-oil was pretreated and tested for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) using three types of the commercial catalysts (HT-36, HT2300, and HT951T) to improve physio-chemical properties and enhance hydrocarbon yields. The three catalysts prompted different levels of hydrodeoxygenation, and the organic phase products (OLPs) yields were 25.30, 27.83, and 13.05 wt%, respectively. Moreover, OLPs had lower water content, total acid numbers (TAN), and O content as well as higher heating value (HHV), C, and H contents. For the three catalysts, HT-36 had the best HDO effects, resulting in 34.8% hydrocarbon production with improved HHV, water content value and TAN as well as element contents. The different level of HDO depended on the catalyst components, structure, and morphology. This research is beneficial for the selection and preparation of effective catalysts for bio-oil upgrading.
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26

Rensel, Dallas J., Jongsik Kim, Varsha Jain, Yolanda Bonita, Neeraj Rai, and Jason C. Hicks. "Composition-directed FeXMo2−XP bimetallic catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation reactions." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 9 (2017): 1857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy00324b.

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27

Dong, Lin, Yu Xin, Xiaohui Liu, et al. "Selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin oil to valuable phenolics over Au/Nb2O5 in water." Green Chemistry 21, no. 11 (2019): 3081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc00327d.

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28

Long, Wei, Yang Lv, Pingle Liu, et al. "Different Crystal Form Titania Supported Ruthenium Nanoparticles for Liquid Phase Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 18, no. 12 (2018): 8426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.16392.

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Titania supported Ruthenium-based catalysts were prepared for liquid phase hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to cyclohexanol. The catalytic performance is affected by the different crystal forms of titania supports. Anatase and rutile titania supported catalyst 5%Ru/a-r-TiO2 presents higher BET surface area, better dispersion of Ru particles with smaller particle size of 3–4 nm, more acidic centers, and more Ruδ+ located at the boundary between anatase titania and rutile titania. Hence, 5%Ru/a-r-TiO2 gives the best catalytic performance of 95.33% conversion of guaiacol and 79.23% selectivity to cyclohexanol, other products mainly include cyclohexane, benzene, cyclohexanone and 1,2-cyclohexanediol. Based on the results of this work, the possible reaction path for guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation was proposed.
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29

Elliott, Douglas C. "Biofuel from fast pyrolysis and catalytic hydrodeoxygenation." Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 9 (August 2015): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2015.08.008.

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30

Liu, Sibao, Basudeb Saha, and Dionisios G. Vlachos. "Catalytic production of renewable lubricant base oils from bio-based 2-alkylfurans and enals." Green Chemistry 21, no. 13 (2019): 3606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01044k.

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Lubricant ranged alkanes of controlled branching and molecular size with excellent yields were synthesized by catalytic conjugate addition-hydroxylalkylation/alkylation (CA-HAA) of biomass derived 2-alkylfurans with enals followed by hydrodeoxygenation.
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31

Setiawan, Felix Arie, Beini Shen, Kevin J. Smith, Chang Soo Kim, and Elod Lajos Gyenge. "Isopropyl Alcohol Effects on the Electro-Catalytic Hydrogenation of Guaiacol." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 41 (2024): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01412348mtgabs.

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The complete electrocatalytic hydrogenation-hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to produce cyclohexane is demonstrated for the first time using isopropyl alcohol as a polar protic solvent in a stirred slurry electrocatalytic slurry reactor with Pt/C as a catalyst. The addition of 25% IPA on 0.1 M guaiacol reduction with the presence of 1.0 M methanesulfonic acid and 0.25 M sodium chloride both for catholyte and anolyte was most effective for electrocatalytic guaiacol hydrogenation-hydrodeoxygenation at -66 mA.cm-2 current density and 60 °C for 4 h using 0.5 g 5% Pt/C catalyst. In terms of the separation process, the addition of IPA is very compatible with the system, as the chemical produced, cyclohexane, can later be introduced into the separation process as an entraining agent.
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32

Witsuthammakul, Ayut, and Tawan Sooknoi. "Selective hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil derived products: ketones to olefins." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 7 (2015): 3639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00367a.

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A catalytic system designed for mild hydrodeoxygenation of ketones to olefins was investigated. Hydrogenation of ketones to alcohols was accomplished over metal catalysts and the alcohol produced was then dehydrated over acidic catalysts.
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33

Fan, Ruoyu, Zhi Hu, Chun Chen, et al. "Highly dispersed nickel anchored on a N-doped carbon molecular sieve derived from metal–organic frameworks for efficient hydrodeoxygenation in the aqueous phase." Chemical Communications 56, no. 49 (2020): 6696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc02620d.

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A HD-Ni/N-CMS catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance in aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived vanillin through a synergistic effect of zeolite-type N-CMS and the unsaturated Ni–N coordination site.
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34

Hita, Idoia, Tomás Cordero-Lanzac, Giuseppe Bonura, Francesco Frusteri, Javier Bilbao, and Pedro Castaño. "Dynamics of carbon formation during the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of raw bio-oil." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 11 (2020): 5503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00501k.

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35

Zhang, Cong, Jingbo Qi, Jing Xing, et al. "An investigation on the aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation of various methoxy-substituted lignin monomers on Pd/C and HZSM-5 catalysts." RSC Advances 6, no. 106 (2016): 104398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra22492j.

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Aqueous phase catalytic upgrading of lignin monomers to hydrocarbons via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) has been explored using a combination of Pd/C and HZSM-5 catalysts under 2 MPa of H<sub>2</sub> (ambient temperature).
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36

Aji, U. A., C. Muhammad, M. N. Almustapha, et al. "Catalytic Conversion of Furfural from Hemicellulose of Citrullus colocynthis (Melon) Seed Husk to Liquid Hydrocarbons." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science 07, no. 10 (2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2022.71003.

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As concern over the twin challenges of climate change and energy security intensifies, numerous potential methods are being investigated for the production of energy and chemicals to satisfy global demand in an environmentally friendly manner. In light of this, catalytic conversion of furfural from hemicelluloses of Citrullus colocynthis (melon) seed husk to liquid hydrocarbons over NiO/SiO2 was investigated. Furfural was produced by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis/dehydration of melon seed husk at temperature (2200C), acid concentration (10% H2SO4), and reaction time (55 minutes) which was subsequently converted to liquid hydrocarbons via furfural-acetone condensation followed by hydrodeoxygenation of furfural-acetone adduct. FT-IR spectrum of the produced furfural showed absorption at 1670 cm-1 and 2800 cm-1 indicating a conjugated carbonyl functional group and aldehydic hydrogen. The hydrodeoxygenation was carried out in a stainless-steel reactor at 1500C for 8 hours and 2bar hydrogen. The NiO/SiO2 catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction was prepared by the wet impregnation method. XRF analysis of the NiO/SiO2 revealed a percentage metal Composition of 73.939% SiO2 and 24.641% NiO. The hydrodeoxygenation using NiO/SiO2 in water at 1500C for 8 hours yielded liquid hydrocarbons with 86.61% hydrocarbons yield (C9-C12) and 1.46% 2-propenylidenecyclobutene. The result revealed that Citrullus coloncythis. (Melon) seed husk is a good source for liquid hydrocarbons production and could be used as a feedstock in industries for fuels and the production of the like chemicals.
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37

Zhang, Jie, Chengcheng Zhao, Chuang Li, Shenggang Li, Chi-Wing Tsang, and Changhai Liang. "The role of oxophilic Mo species in Pt/MgO catalysts as extremely active sites for enhanced hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 9 (2020): 2948–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy00341g.

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The catalytic performance of the selective hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran can be controlled by the MoO<sub>x</sub> surface density and varied with the increased MoO<sub>x</sub> surface density in a volcano-shape manner.
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38

Deng, Chen-Qiang, Qin-Zhu Jiang, Jin Deng, and Yao Fu. "Synthesis of 1,10-decanediol diacetate and 1-decanol acetate from furfural." Green Chemistry 23, no. 5 (2021): 2169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc00227a.

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Furfural was converted into furoin by immobilized NHC catalyst, and then furoin was upgraded into 1,10-decanediol diacetate and 1-decanol acetate by Pd/C catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reaction promoted with Sc(OTf)<sub>3 </sub>in acetic acid.
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39

Duan, Mingxing, Qingyan Cheng, Mingming Wang, and Yanji Wang. "In situ hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin over Ni–Co–P/HAP with formic acid as a hydrogen source." RSC Advances 11, no. 18 (2021): 10996–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00979f.

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A new noble metal-free Ni–Co–P/HAP amorphous alloy catalyst was developed, and it showed excellent catalytic activity for in situ hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin to 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol with formic acid as a hydrogen source.
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40

Yu, Zhiquan, Yao Wang, Zhichao Sun, et al. "Ni3P as a high-performance catalytic phase for the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds." Green Chemistry 20, no. 3 (2018): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc03262e.

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41

Liu, Xuyang, Yanbing Li, Jin Deng, and Yao Fu. "Selective hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived furfural-acetone to prepare 1-octyl acetate." Green Chemistry 21, no. 16 (2019): 4532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01767d.

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A green and efficient catalytic system for the one-pot production of 1-octyl acetate from biomass-derived furfural-acetone under mild conditions was developed by selective hydrodeoxygenation over Pd/C and Sc(OTf)<sub>3</sub> as a cocatalytic system.
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42

Srifa, Atthapon, Nawin Viriya-empikul, Suttichai Assabumrungrat та Kajornsak Faungnawakij. "Catalytic behaviors of Ni/γ-Al2O3and Co/γ-Al2O3during the hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil". Catalysis Science & Technology 5, № 7 (2015): 3693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00425j.

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43

Shamanaev, Ivan V., Irina V. Deliy, Pavel V. Aleksandrov, et al. "Effect of precursor on the catalytic properties of Ni2P/SiO2 in methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation." RSC Advances 6, no. 36 (2016): 30372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01171c.

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The effect of phosphorus precursor on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of silica-supported nickel phosphide catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of aliphatic model compound methyl palmitate (C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>31</sub>COOCH<sub>3</sub>) has been considered.
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44

Pucher, Hannes, Nikolaus Schwaiger, Roland Feiner, Peter Pucher, Lisa Ellmaier, and Matthäus Siebenhofer. "Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of dehydrated liquid phase pyrolysis oil." International Journal of Energy Research 38, no. 15 (2014): 1964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.3205.

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45

Xu, Guang-Yue, Jian-Hua Guo, Yan-Chao Qu, Ying Zhang, Yao Fu, and Qing-Xiang Guo. "Selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols to alkyl cyclohexanols over a Ru-solid base bifunctional catalyst." Green Chemistry 18, no. 20 (2016): 5510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01097k.

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To prepare cyclohexanol and alkyl cyclohexanols from non-fossil-based biomass, a selective catalytic process over a Ru/ZrO<sub>2</sub>–La(OH)<sub>3</sub> bifunctional catalyst was developed for the partial hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols into cyclohexanols with yields over 86.9%.
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46

Wang, Xun, Yongkang Lv, Shanhui Zhu, Xuefeng Wang та Cunbao Deng. "Phosphoric Acid Modification of Hβ Zeolite for Guaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation". Catalysts 11, № 8 (2021): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080962.

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Regulating the acid property of zeolite is an effective strategy to improve dehydration of intermediate alcohol, which is the rate-determining step in hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-based phenolic compounds. Herein, a commercial Hβ (SiO2/Al2O3 = 25) was modified by phosphoric acid, and evaluated in the catalytic performance of guaiacol to cyclohexane, combined with Ni/SiO2 prepared by the ammonia evaporation hydrothermal (AEH) method. Incorporating a small amount of phosphorus had little impact on the morphology, texture properties of Hβ, but led to dramatic variations in acid property, including the amount of acid sites and the ratio of Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites, as confirmed by NH3-TPD, Py-IR, FT-IR and 27Al MAS NMR. Phosphorus modification on Hβ could effectively balance competitive adsorption of guaiacol on Lewis acid sites and intermediate alcohol dehydration on Brønsted acid sites, and then enhanced the catalytic performance of guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation to cyclohexane. By comparison, Hβ containing 2 wt.% phosphorus reached the highest activity and cyclohexane selectivity.
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47

Long, Wei, Pingle Liu, Wei Xiong, Fang Hao, and He’an Luo. "Conversion of guaiacol as lignin model component using acid-treated, multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported Ru–MnO bimetallic catalysts." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 2 (2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2019-0261.

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Acid-treated, multi-walled carbon nanotube (AMWCNT) supported Ru and MnO bimetallic catalysts were prepared for liquid phase hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD, TEM, and XPS. MnO species were loaded on the inner surface of carbon nanotubes and were helpful for Ru particle dispersion. The 6%Ru-8%MnO/AMWCNTs with smaller Ru particle size, better dispersion, and more basic sites gave the best catalytic performance of 99.38% conversion of guaiacol and 85.84% selectivity to cyclohexanol. The effects of reaction conditions on liquid phase guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation were discussed and a possible reaction path was proposed.
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48

Song, Hua, Xueya Dai, Nan Jiang, Zijin Yan, Tianhan Zhu, and Feng Li. "The effect of neodymium and yttrium on benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation performance over a bulk Ni2P catalyst." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 44, no. 1 (2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319830488.

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Neodymium (Nd)- or yttrium (Y)- modified bulk Ni2P catalysts (Nd-Ni2P or Y-Ni2P) have been successfully prepared and their catalytic performance in benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation have been investigated. The as-prepared catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, CO uptake and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The addition of Nd or Y, especially Nd, can increase the surface area of the catalysts and promote the formation of smaller and more highly dispersed Ni2P particles. The Nd-Ni2P catalyst showed the highest benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation activity of 95.3% and the O-free products yield of 74.6%, which gives an increase of 25.3% and 35.4% when compared with that found for Ni2P.
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49

Miao, Kai, Tan Li, Jing Su, Cong Wang, and Kaige Wang. "Mechanistic Insights into Hydrodeoxygenation of Acetone over Mo/HZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalyst for the Production of Hydrocarbons." Energies 15, no. 1 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010053.

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Catalytic hydropyrolysis via the introduction of external hydrogen into catalytic pyrolysis process using hydrodeoxygenation catalysts is one of the major approaches of bio-oil upgrading. In this study, hydrodeoxygenation of acetone over Mo/HZSM-5 and HZSM-5 were investigated with focus on the influence of hydrogen pressure and catalyst deactivation. It is found that doped MoO3 could prolong the catalyst activity due to the suppression of coke formation. The influence of hydrogen pressure on catalytic HDO of acetone was further studied. Hydrogen pressure of 30 bar effectively prolonged catalyst activity while decreased the coke deposition over catalyst. The coke formation over the HZSM-5 and Mo/HZSM-5 under 30 bar hydrogen pressure decreased 66% and 83%, respectively, compared to that under atmospheric hydrogen pressure. Compared to the test with the HZSM-5, 35% higher yield of aliphatics and 60% lower coke were obtained from the Mo/HZSM-5 under 30 bar hydrogen pressure. Characterization of the spent Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst revealed the deactivation was mainly due to the carbon deposition blocking the micropores and Bronsted acid sites. Mo/HZSM-5 was proved to be potentially enhanced production of hydrocarbons.
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50

Dabros, Trine M. H., Magnus Zingler Stummann, Martin Høj, et al. "Transportation fuels from biomass fast pyrolysis, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, and catalytic fast hydropyrolysis." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 68 (September 2018): 268–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2018.05.002.

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