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Journal articles on the topic 'Catalytic hydrolysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Li, Shen Xin, Wei Hu, Ying Wang, and Song Wu. "Hydrolysis of BNPP Catalyzed by the Dodecyliminodiacetate Nickel (II) Complexes." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.123.

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One novel dodecyliminodiacetate nickel (II) complex were synthesized and characterized, and these complexes were used as mimic hydrolytic in catalytic hydrolysis of bis (p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). The analysis of specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the catalytic hydrolysis involved the key intermediates formed by BNPP with nickel (II) complexes. The kinetic parameter of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been calculated and the activation energy for the catalytic hydrolysis is 95.26kJ·mol-1.

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2

Li, Shen Xin, Wei Hu, and Jian Zhang Li. "Hydrolysis of PNPP Catalyzed by the Dodecyliminodiacetate Nickel(II) Complexes." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.531.

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One novel dodecyliminodiacetate nickel(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized, and these complexes were used as mimic hydrolytic in catalytic hydrolysis of carboxylic ester (PNPP, p-nitrophenyl picolinate). The analysis of specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the catalytic hydrolysis involved the key intermediates formed by PNPP with nickel(II) complexes. The kinetic parameter of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been calculated and the activation energy for the catalytic hydrolysis is 1.174 kJ•mol-1.

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3

Huang, Sheng Tian, Shen Xin Li, Ying Wang, Song Wu, and Wei Hu. "Hydrolysis of BNPP Catalyzed by the Dodecyliminodiacetate Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.507.

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Two novel dodecyliminodiacetate nickel (II) and copper (II) complexes were synthesized and characterized, and these complexes were used as mimic hydrolytic in catalytic hydrolysis of bis (p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). The analysis of specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the catalytic hydrolysis involved the key intermediates formed by BNPP with nickel (II) complexes. The kinetic parameter of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been calculated and the temperature effect of reaction system and structure effect of the complexes on the rate of BNPP hydrolysis

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4

Wang, Min, Li Qin Xu, Ci Li, Bing Ying Jiang, and Jia Qing Xie. "Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution in the Hydrolysis of Bis(4-Nitrophenyl) Phosphate Ester Catalyzed by the Metallomicelle." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.345.

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A macro-cyclic Schiff base ligand and the corresponding Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes were synthesized and characterized. And the catalytic efficiency of the metallomicelles made of these complexes and noninonic micelle Brij35, as mimetic hydrolytic metalloenzyme, was investigated in the catalytic hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) in this paper. The results show that the rate of the BNPP hydrolysis in the metallomicelles is about 106 -fold faster than that of the BNPP spontaneous hydrolysis in aqueous solution at the same conditions. The analysis of the characteristic absorptio

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5

Thanh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi. "OPTIMIZATION FOR BATCH PROTEOLYTIC HYDROLYSIS OF SPENT BREWER’S YEAST BY USING PROTEASES." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4A (2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4a/11992.

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The yield of proteolylic hydrolysis for spent brewer’s yeast by protease and aminoacid contents of hydrolysates (the main factors influencing in taste of hydrolysed product) depends on factors influencing in catalytic activities of enzymes as temperature, pH value, type of used enzymes and ratio enzyme/substrate. With the purpose to hydrolyse the spent brewer’s yeast for food application, bitterness of hydrolysate takes the firth consideration, and than the yield of hydrolysing process plays economic role. In this paper, it is dealt with determination of optimal conditions to obtain the highes

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6

Bulanova, A., V. Avdin, M. Golovin, and O. Zadorina. "Catalytic Properties of Yttrium Bromide Hydrolysis Products." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Chemistry" 13, no. 3 (2021): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/chem210311.

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The effect of hydrolysis time, final pH of synthesis, and hydrothermal treatment on the for-mation of yttrium oxyhydroxides obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of yttrium bromide was studied. Hydrolysis was carried out at different duration of the hydrolytic agent addition: 5 minutes, 1 hours and 24 hours, as well as at different final pH values were checked: 8, 9 and 10. Methods for characterization of resulting materials were: thermogravimetry combined with differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry of gaseous products of thermolysis, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning elec

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7

Torbeev, Vladimir, and Stephen B. H. Kent. "Chemical Synthesis of an Enzyme Containing an Artificial Catalytic Apparatus." Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 4 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19460.

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With the goal of investigating electronic aspects of the catalysis of peptide bond hydrolysis, an analogue of HIV-1 protease was designed in which a non-peptide hydroxy-isoquinolinone artificial catalytic apparatus replaced the conserved Asp25–Thr26–Gly27 sequence in each 99-residue polypeptide chain of the homodimeric enzyme molecule. The enzyme analogue was prepared by total chemical synthesis and had detectable catalytic activity on known HIV-1 protease peptide substrates. Compared with uncatalyzed hydrolysis, the analogue enzyme increased the rate of peptide bond hydrolysis by ∼108-fold. E

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8

Chatterjee, T., B. K. Chatterjee, and D. K. Bhattacharyya. "Study of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of some monoterpene esters." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 5 (2001): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-026.

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Studies of the hydrolysis of bornyl, citronellyl, geranyl, and terpenyl acetates by commercially available lipases of Candida rugosa, Rhizopus arrhizus, and Mucor miehei are presented. The hydrolysis of these monoterpene esters is investigated at various temperatures and pHs, and the time dependence of the percentage of esters hydrolysed is studied. The catalytic activities of the lipases in hydrolysing the esters are compared and, overall, it is observed that under the experimental conditions used the nonspecific lipase from C. rugosa produces the highest yields of the monoterpene alcohols in

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9

Kuan, Dingyaw, Lingmei Dai, Dehua Liu, Hongjuan Liu, and Wei Du. "Efficient Biodiesel Conversion from Microalgae Oil of Schizochytrium sp." Catalysts 9, no. 4 (2019): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040341.

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Abstract: Microalgae oil has been regarded as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. However, microalgae oil usually contains some non-lipid components, such as pigments. Microalgae oil could be converted to biodiesel effectively with a two-step process to decrease the negative effect caused by by-product glycerol generated in traditional biodiesel production process. Firstly, microalgae oil was hydrolysed to free fatty acids (FFAs) and then FFAs were converted to methyl ester. In this study, the hydrolysis of microalgae oil from Schizochytrium sp. was systematically investigated and

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10

Yi, Zhang, Xie Jia-qing, Li Ci, Shang Hong-li, and Wang Min. "Kinetics of Hydrolysis of an Activated Phosphate Ester in Brij35 Micelle Containing a Macrocyclic Complex of Cu(II) OR Ni(II)." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 33, no. 4 (2008): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/146867808x340555.

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A macrocyclic ligand and its corresponding Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized. The kinetics of hydrolysis of bis( p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP, an activated phosphate diester) in Brij35 micelle containing each macrocyclic complex was investigated. The metallomicelles made up of the macrocyclic metal complex and micelle, as a mimic hydrolytic metalloenzyme, display higher catalytic activity although they do not attain the catalytic efficiency of enzymes. The analysis of specific absorption spectra show that the course of the catalytic BNPP reaction is different fro

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11

Foretić, Blaženka, Vladimir Damjanović, Robert Vianello, and Igor Picek. "Novel Insights into the Thioesterolytic Activity of N-Substituted Pyridinium-4-oximes." Molecules 25, no. 10 (2020): 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102385.

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The pyridinium oximes are known esterolytic agents, usually classified in the literature as catalysts, which mimic the catalytic mode of hydrolases. Herein, we combined kinetic and computational studies of the pyridinium-4-oxime-mediated acetylthiocholine (AcSCh+) hydrolysis to provide novel insights into their potential catalytic activity. The N-methyl- and N-benzylpyridinium-4-oximes have been tested as oximolytic agents toward the AcSCh+, while the newly synthesized O-acetyl-N-methylpyridinium-4-oxime iodide was employed for studying the consecutive hydrolytic reaction. The relevance of the

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12

Chin, Jik, and Xiang Zou. "Catalytic hydrolysis of cAMP." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 8 (1987): 1882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-315.

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[Co(trien)(OH2)(OH)]Cl2 is highly efficient in catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP to adenosine in neutral water (6 × 10−6 M−1 s−1 at 50 °C). The cobalt complex promoted hydrolysis of cAMP is estimated to be about a hundred million times faster than the uncatalyzed hydrolysis of cAMP. In the time that [Co(trien)(OH2)(OH)]Cl2 produces 50% cleavage of cAMP, [Co(en)2(NH3)(OH)]Cl2 or ZnCl2 has no observable effect on the hydrolysis of cAMP. A detailed mechanism is presented for the cobalt complex promoted hydrolysis of the phosphodiester.

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13

KIYOHARA, Masashi, Keishi SAKAGUCHI, Kuniko YAMAGUCHI, Toshiyoshi ARAKI, Takashi NAKAMURA та Makoto ITO. "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel β-1,3-xylanase possessing two putative carbohydrate-binding modules from a marine bacterium Vibrio sp. strain AX-4". Biochemical Journal 388, № 3 (2005): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050190.

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We cloned a novel β-1,3-xylanase gene, consisting of a 1728-bp open reading frame encoding 576 amino acid residues, from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain AX-4. Sequence analysis revealed that the β-1,3-xylanase is a modular enzyme composed of a putative catalytic module belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 26 and two putative carbohydrate-binding modules belonging to family 31. The recombinant enzyme hydrolysed β-1,3-xylan to yield xylo-oligosaccharides with different numbers of xylose units, mainly xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose. However, the enzyme did not hydrolyse β-1,4-xyl

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14

Li, Liangliang, Feifei Jia, Yunxiu Li та Yan Peng. "Design strategies and biological applications of β-galactosidase fluorescent sensor in ovarian cancer research and beyond". RSC Advances 14, № 5 (2024): 3010–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra07968f.

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15

Liao, Jinyun, Yufa Feng, Shiqi Wu, et al. "Hexagonal CuCo2O4 Nanoplatelets, a Highly Active Catalyst for the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Production." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (2019): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030360.

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Catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) has been considered as an effective and safe method to generate hydrogen. Development of highly active and low-cost catalysts is one of the key tasks for this technology. In this work, hexagonal CuCo2O4 nanoplatelets with a thickness of approximately 55 nm were prepared. In AB hydrolysis, those nanoplatelets exhibited ultrahigh catalytic activity with turnover frequency (TOF) of 73.4 molhydrogen min−1 molcat−1. As far as we know, this is one of the highest TOF values ever reported for non-noble metal catalysts. In addition, the effects of viscosity a

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16

Ferguson, Scott A., Gregory M. Cook, Martin G. Montgomery, Andrew G. W. Leslie, and John E. Walker. "Regulation of the thermoalkaliphilic F1-ATPase from Caldalkalibacillus thermarum." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 39 (2016): 10860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612035113.

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The crystal structure has been determined of the F1-catalytic domain of the F-ATPase from Caldalkalibacillus thermarum, which hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) poorly. It is very similar to those of active mitochondrial and bacterial F1-ATPases. In the F-ATPase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, conformational changes in the ε-subunit are influenced by intracellular ATP concentration and membrane potential. When ATP is plentiful, the ε-subunit assumes a “down” state, with an ATP molecule bound to its two C-terminal α-helices; when ATP is scarce, the α-helices are proposed to inhibit AT

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17

Tang, Li Hong, Hui Bin Guo, Kai Li, Ping Ning, Chi Wang, and Xin Sun. "Effects of Reaction Conditions on Low-Temperature Removal of Carbon Disulfide over Modified Coconut Shell Activated Carbons Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.293.

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In this work, a series of modified coconut shell activated carbons (CSAC) catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method and used for catalytic hydrolysis of carbon disulfide (CS2) at low-temperatures. The influences of reaction conditions such as: reaction temperature, O2 concentration, relative humidity (RH), gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and inlet concentration of CS2 on catalytic hydrolysis activities were studied. When the reaction temperature was 60°C, this catalyst showed the best catalytic performance and no better effect occurs with the increase of temperature. CS2 hydrolysis activities

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18

Marquenet, Emélie, and Evelyne Richet. "Conserved Motifs Involved in ATP Hydrolysis by MalT, a Signal Transduction ATPase with Numerous Domains from Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 19 (2010): 5181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00522-10.

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ABSTRACT The signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STAND) are sophisticated signaling proteins that are related to AAA+ proteins and control various biological processes, including apoptosis, gene expression, and innate immunity. They function as tightly regulated switches, with the off and on positions corresponding to an ADP-bound, monomeric form and an ATP-bound, multimeric form, respectively. Protein activation is triggered by inducer binding to the sensor domain. ATP hydrolysis by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) ensures the generation of the ADP-bound form

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19

KITSON, Trevor M., and Kathryn E. KITSON. "Studies of the esterase activity of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase with resorufin acetate as substrate." Biochemical Journal 322, no. 3 (1997): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3220701.

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Resorufin acetate is a very good substrate for sheep liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase, both from the point of view of practical spectrophotometry and in terms of information provided about the nature of the catalysis shown by this enzyme. p-Nitrophenyl (PNP) acetate competes against resorufin acetate for the enzyme's active site (although relatively weakly as the latter substrate has the lower Michaelis constant), but acetaldehyde (in the presence of NAD+) inhibits the hydrolysis of resorufin acetate only at very high aldehyde concentration. In the absence of cofactor, the rate-limiting

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20

Yang, Ren-Qiang, Ni Zhang, Xiang-Guang Meng, Xiao-Hong Liao, Lu Li та Hong-Jin Song. "Efficient Hydrolytic Breakage of β-1,4-Glycosidic Bond Catalyzed by a Difunctional Magnetic Nanocatalyst". Australian Journal of Chemistry 71, № 8 (2018): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch18138.

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A novel difunctional magnetic nanocatalyst (DMNC) was prepared and used to catalyse the hydrolytic breakage of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The functional nanoparticle displayed excellent catalytic activity for hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose under moderate conditions. The conversion of cellobiose and yield of glucose could reach 95.3 and 91.1 %, respectively, for a reaction time of 6 h at pH 4.0 and 130°C. DMNC was also an efficient catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose: 53.9 % microcrystalline cellulose was hydrolyzed, and 45.7 % reducing sugar was obtained at pH 4.0 and 130°C after 10 h.

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21

Paul, S., D. J. Volle, and S. Mei. "Affinity chromatography of catalytic autoantibody to vasoactive intestinal peptide." Journal of Immunology 145, no. 4 (1990): 1196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.145.4.1196.

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Abstract An autoantibody in human IgG that hydrolyzes vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was identified. The IgG did not hydrolyze VIP unless an unidentified inhibitor was removed by dialysis. The VIP antibody was fractionated by affinity chromatography on immobilized VIP by using IgG without VIP-hydrolytic activity as the starting material. The affinity-purified antibody catalyzed the hydrolysis of VIP (nominal kcat/Km: 1.1 X 10(6) M-1 min-1). The values of Km for the affinity-purified antibody preparation and unfractionated IgG (110 nM and 112 nM) suggested relatively tight antibody-VIP bin

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22

Kobayashi, Ryohei, Hiroshi Ueno, Chun-Biu Li, and Hiroyuki Noji. "Rotary catalysis of bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase studied by single-molecule experiments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 3 (2020): 1447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909407117.

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The reaction scheme of rotary catalysis and the torque generation mechanism of bovine mitochondrial F1 (bMF1) were studied in single-molecule experiments. Under ATP-saturated concentrations, high-speed imaging of a single 40-nm gold bead attached to the γ subunit of bMF1 showed 2 types of intervening pauses during the rotation that were discriminated by short dwell and long dwell. Using ATPγS as a slowly hydrolyzing ATP derivative as well as using a functional mutant βE188D with slowed ATP hydrolysis, the 2 pausing events were distinctively identified. Buffer-exchange experiments with a nonhyd

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23

Sauna, Zuben E., and Suresh V. Ambudkar. "Characterization of the Catalytic Cycle of ATP Hydrolysis by Human P-glycoprotein." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 15 (2001): 11653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m011294200.

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P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a plasma membrane protein whose overexpression confers multidrug resistance to tumor cells by extruding amphipathic natural product cytotoxic drugs using the energy of ATP. An elucidation of the catalytic cycle of Pgp would help design rational strategies to combat multidrug resistance and to further our understanding of the mechanism of ATP-binding cassette transporters. We have recently reported (Sauna, Z. E., and Ambudkar, S. V. (2000)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.97, 2515–2520) that there are two independent ATP hydrolysis events in a single catalytic cycle of Pgp.

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24

Lutsyuk, Iryna, Yaroslav Vakhula, Iryna Tupis, and Iryna Iliuchok. "Catalytic Action of Nitric Acid on The Hydrolysis of ETS-40 Ethyl Silicate." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 4 (2021): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.04.475.

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The effect of concentrated nitric acid on the hydrolysis rate of ETS-40 ethyl silicate hasbeen studied. The duration and maximum temperature of ethyl silicate hydrolysis at different temperatures of the components have been determined. The formation of silica particles in the xerogel structure is shown. The influence of the ETS-40 hydrolysis on the particles size and concentration has been examined. The structure of the xerogel and the composition of the formed particles have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion analysis (EDX).

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25

Tabe, Hiroyasu, Chihiro Terashima, and Yusuke Yamada. "Effect of surface acidity of cyano-bridged polynuclear metal complexes on the catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of organophosphates." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 18 (2018): 4747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy01015c.

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Heterogeneous catalysis of cyano-bridged polynuclear metal complexes was examined for the hydrolysis of toxic organophosphates. The surface acidity of cyano-bridged polynuclear metal complexes strongly effects on the catalytic activity.

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26

WATANABE, Takeshi, Yumiko ARIGA, Urara SATO, et al. "Aromatic residues within the substrate-binding cleft of Bacillus circulans chitinase A1 are essential for hydrolysis of crystalline chitin." Biochemical Journal 376, no. 1 (2003): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20030419.

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Bacillus circulans chitinase A1 (ChiA1) has a deep substrate-binding cleft on top of its (β/α)8-barrel catalytic domain and an interaction between the aromatic residues in this cleft and bound oligosaccharide has been suggested. To study the roles of these aromatic residues, especially in crystalline-chitin hydrolysis, site-directed mutagenesis of these residues was carried out. Y56A and W53A mutations at subsites −5 and −3, respectively, selectively decreased the hydrolysing activity against highly crystalline β-chitin. W164A and W285A mutations at subsites +1 and +2, respectively, decreased

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27

Berlamino, Alexanders T. N., Elisa S. Orth, Renata S. Mello, Michelle Medeiros, and Faruk Nome. "Catalytic nanoreactors for ester hydrolysis." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 332, no. 1-2 (2010): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2010.09.002.

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28

Jackson, A. P., and A. Maxwell. "Identifying the catalytic residue of the ATPase reaction of DNA gyrase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90, no. 23 (1993): 11232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.23.11232.

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We propose a mechanism for the hydrolysis of ATP by the DNA gyrase B protein in which Glu42 acts as a general base and His38 has a role in aligning and polarizing the glutamate residue. We have tested this mechanism by site-directed mutagenesis, converting Glu42 to Ala, Asp, and Gln, and His38 to Ala. In the presence of wild-type A protein, B proteins bearing the mutations Ala42 and Gln42 show no detectable supercoiling or ATPase activities, while Asp42 and Ala38 proteins have reduced activities. In the DNA cleavage and relaxation reactions of gyrase, which do not require ATP hydrolysis, wild-

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29

Feng, Yufa, Jin Zhang, Huilong Ye, et al. "Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 Nanocomposites, Morphology, Controlled Synthesis, and Catalytic Performance in the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Production." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (2019): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091334.

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The catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) is a promising route to produce hydrogen for mobile hydrogen‒oxygen fuel cells. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a variety of Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanocomposites with different morphology, including nanoplatelets, nanoparticles, and urchin-like microspheres. The catalytic performance of those Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 composites in AB hydrolysis is investigated. The Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanoplatelets show the best catalytic performance despite having the smallest specific surface area, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 80.2 molhydrogen·min−1·mol−1cat

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30

Han, Shuaijie, Mingshu Chi, Xiuling Xu, Li Bai, Junquan Wu, and Yizhuo Guo. "From Cellulose to Highly Aromatic Hydrochar: Catalytic Carbonization and Catalytic Aromatization Mechanism of Lanthanide (III) Ions." Catalysts 15, no. 3 (2025): 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15030245.

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an efficient method for converting lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels. However, traditional Brønsted acid-catalyzed HTC processes face challenges such as high costs and limited catalytic efficiency. In this study, the catalytic carbonization mechanism was investigated within the temperature range of 180–220 °C by analyzing the evolution of functional groups in hydrochar under lanthanide (III)-catalyzed and non-catalyzed conditions. The results indicate that compared to acid catalysis, lanthanide (III) exhibits superior catalytic performance during the low

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31

Nath, Sunil. "Phosphorus Chemistry at the Roots of Bioenergetics: Ligand Permutation as the Molecular Basis of the Mechanism of ATP Synthesis/Hydrolysis by FOF1-ATP Synthase." Molecules 28, no. 22 (2023): 7486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227486.

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The integration of phosphorus chemistry with the mechanism of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis requires dynamical information during ATP turnover and catalysis. Oxygen exchange reactions occurring at β-catalytic sites of the FOF1-ATP synthase/F1-ATPase imprint a unique record of molecular events during the catalytic cycle of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. They have been shown to provide valuable time-resolved information on enzyme catalysis during ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis. The present work conducts new experiments on oxygen exchange catalyzed by submitochondrial particles designed to (i) measure th

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32

Arutyunyan, I. V., P. I. Borovikov, A. G. Dunaev, et al. "D,L-polylactide degradation in biological media: experiment and model." Perspektivnye Materialy, no. 7 (2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2020-7-40-51.

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The processes of changes in the surface morphology and internal structure, as well as the molecular mass distribution of amorphous D, L polylactides during their hydrolytic degradation in the presence of extra-germinal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (ratschwart jelly umbilical cord) of the rat and their metabolic products have been studied. It was shown that the degradation of initially monolithic polymer samples in culture and conditioned media occurs almost identically. However, in a culture medium containing MSCs, this process is much more intense. This effect can be interpreted in terms of

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33

Li, Fang, Qi Ming Li, and Hern Kim. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Ni/CNTs Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Production from Hydrolysis of NaBH₄." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.816.

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Hydrogen production from NaBH4 hydrolysis is very important for environment-friendly fuel cells. Here Ni/CNTs nanocomposites were prepared by microwave-assisted method and used as the catalyst for catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4. XRD and SEM characterization showed that uniform Ni/CNTs nanocomposites can be obtained through microwave heating and solvent optimization. Ni/CNTs nanocomposites exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of NaBH4, i.e., the average hydrogen generation rate at 25°C is 840ml.min-1.g-1 for the CNTs-supported Ni/CNTs, while the hydrogen generation rate of 86ml

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34

Zhang, Xiangyu, Hainan Wen, Shiming Xu, et al. "Mechanism and experimental study of bimetallic solid catalysts on urea catalytic hydrolysis to ammonia." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2024): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci240528196z.

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In order to solve the problems of slow reaction rate and large reactor volume of traditional urea hydrolysis to ammonia, the urea catalytic hydrolysis was studied in this paper. The bimetallic solid catalyst TiO2@Al2O3 was synthesized firstly, in which the mesoporous ?-Al2O3 was selected as substrate and the TiO2 was inserted into the active site. The solid catalyst was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and TEM, and the intermediates were qualitatively detected by liquid NMR H-spectroscopy and C-spectroscopy, which was combined with DFT calculations to analysis the mechanism of the bimetalli

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Lei, Hong. "Research on Macro Cyclic Polyamine Complexes of Transition Metal and Catalytic Properties." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.24.

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This article Synthesis of carbohydrate ligands of coordination ability, to react with metal Chlorides to get more stable complexes, and elemental analysis, infrared, Ultraviolet Spectroscopic characterization and analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance. Characterization of its structure and study on the hydrolysis activity of pnitrophenyl picolinate lipid and the activity of pnitrophenol solution of phosphate, disodium macrocyclic polyamine catalyzed by macrocyclic polyamine metal complexes. The results show that the effect of hydrolytic activity of macrocyclic polyamine complexes is much large

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36

Man, W. J., Y. Li, C. D. O'Connor, and D. C. Wilton. "Conversion of citrate synthase into citryl-CoA lyase as a result of mutation of the active-site aspartic acid residue to glutamic acid." Biochemical Journal 280, no. 2 (1991): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2800521.

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The active-site aspartic acid residue, Asp-362, of Escherichia coli citrate synthase was changed by site-directed mutagenesis to Glu-362, Asn-362 or Gly-362. Only very low catalytic activity could be detected with the Asp→Asn and Asp→Gly mutations. The Asp→Glu mutation produced an enzyme that expressed about 0.8% of the overall catalytic rate, and the hydrolysis step in the reaction, monitored as citryl-CoA hydrolysis, was inhibited to a similar extent. However, the condensation reaction, measured in the reverse direction as citryl-CoA cleavage to oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, was not affected

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37

Petri, Jessica, Yoshio Nakatani, Martin G. Montgomery, et al. "Structure of F1-ATPase from the obligate anaerobeFusobacterium nucleatum." Open Biology 9, no. 6 (2019): 190066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.190066.

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The crystal structure of the F1-catalytic domain of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase has been determined from the pathogenic anaerobic bacteriumFusobacterium nucleatum. The enzyme can hydrolyse ATP but is partially inhibited. The structure is similar to those of the F1-ATPases fromCaldalkalibacillus thermarum, which is more strongly inhibited in ATP hydrolysis, and inMycobacterium smegmatis, which has a very low ATP hydrolytic activity. The βE-subunits in all three enzymes are in the conventional ‘open’ state, and in the case ofC. thermarumandM. smegmatis, they are occupied by an ADP

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38

Xu, Bin, Weidong Jiang, Jin Zhang, Guangyin Fan, and Jianzhang Li. "Hydrolysis kinetics of p-nitrophenylpicolinate catalyzed by schiff base Mn(III) complexes in Gemini 16-2-16 micellar solutiony." Open Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2009): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0043-x.

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AbstractTwo mono-Schiff base Mn(III) complexes (MnL2Cl, L=L1 and L2) were synthesized and employed as artificial hydrolases in catalyzing the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylpicolinate (PNPP) in Gemini 16-2-16 micellar solution. The effect of different micelles and their complex structures on the catalytic hydrolysis of PNPP is discussed in detail. The observations showed that MnL 22Cl exhibited higher catalytic activity over MnL 12Cl under a comparable condition, which confirmed that an open active centre is essential for modulating the activities of the two enzyme mimics. Moreover, under the cond

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39

Gallacher, G., M. Searcey, C. S. Jackson, and K. Brocklehurst. "Polyclonal antibody-catalysed amide hydrolysis." Biochemical Journal 284, no. 3 (1992): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2840675.

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1. The activated amide (4-nitroanilide), N-(4-nitrophenyl) N'-butyl-1,4-phenylenediacetamide (III) was synthesized. 2. A polyclonal antibody preparation (PCA 270-29) was elicited in a multigeneration cross-bred sheep (no. 270) and isolated 29 weeks into the immunization schedule by procedures described previously for PCA 270-22 [Gallacher, Jackson, Searcey, Badman, Goel, Topham, Mellor & Brocklehurst (1991) Biochem J. 271, 871-881]. These involved the use of an amide conjugate bonded through the carboxy group of 4-nitrophenyl 4′-carboxymethylphenyl phosphate and an amino group of keyhole-l

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40

Nath, Sunil. "Elucidating Events within the Black Box of Enzyme Catalysis in Energy Metabolism: Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of ATP Hydrolysis by F1-ATPase." Biomolecules 13, no. 11 (2023): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13111596.

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Oxygen exchange reactions occurring at β-catalytic sites of the FOF1-ATP synthase/F1-ATPase imprint a unique record of molecular events during the catalytic cycle of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. This work presents a new theory of oxygen exchange and tests it on oxygen exchange data recorded on ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial F1-ATPase (MF1). The apparent rate constant of oxygen exchange governing the intermediate Pi–HOH exchange accompanying ATP hydrolysis is determined by kinetic analysis over a ~50,000-fold range of substrate ATP concentration (0.1–5000 μM) and a corresponding ~200-fold range o

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Liu, Qingqing, Weizhao Ran, Wenfei Bao, and Yuzhong Li. "A Review on Catalytic Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Production." Energies 18, no. 5 (2025): 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051105.

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Ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) is recognized as a promising hydrogen carrier due to its high hydrogen storage density (146 gL−1, mass fraction 19.6%), safety, non-toxicity, and high chemical stability. The hydrolysis of AB has also become a research hotspot in recent years and offers a viable route for hydrogen production. However, the practical application of AB hydrolysis encounters substantial challenges, including undefined catalytic mechanisms, suboptimal catalytic performance, and intricate issues in AB regeneration. Thus, elucidating catalytic mechanisms, developing highly efficient cataly

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42

Kristiani, Anis, Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring, Yosi Aristiawan, Fauzan Aulia, Luthfiana Nurul Hidayati, and Haznan Abimanyu. "Catalytic Performance of Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts for Hydrolysis of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 6 (2020): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.6.209-215.

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Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass into valuable products, such as chemicals and fuels, has attracted global interest. One of lignocellulosic biomass, palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB), has major content of cellulose (30-40%), which is highly potential to be a raw material for fermentable sugar production. In this research, a series of sulfonated carbon catalysts with various concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 10-30 v/v%) solutions have been successfully prepared and applied for a single stage of heterogeneous acid-catalyzed hydrolysis over microcrystalline cellulose and EFB under moderate

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43

Withers, Stephen G. "1998 Hoffmann La Roche Award Lecture Understanding and exploiting glycosidases." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 1 (1999): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-235.

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Glycosidases fall into two major mechanistic classes; those that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond with retention of anomeric configuration and those that do so with inversion. Retaining glycosidases employ a mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate formed and hydrolysed with acid-base catalytic assistance via oxocarbenium ion-like transition states. This intermediate has been trapped in two distinct ways, either by modification of the substrate through fluorination, or of the enzyme through mutation of key residues. This allows the amino acid residue to which this sugar is atta

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44

Chiang, Yvonne, A. Jerry Kresge, Oleg Sadovski, Xiaofeng Zeng, and Yu Zhu. "Kinetics and mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the diazo functional groups of 1-diazo-2-indanone and 2-diazo-1-indanone in aqueous solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 9 (2005): 1202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-115.

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Rates of hydrolysis of 1-diazo-2-indanone and 2-diazo-1-indanone were measured in dilute aqueous perchloric acid solutions using both H2O and D2O as the solvent, and rates of hydrolysis of the latter substrate were measured in dilute aqueous (H2O only) formic acid buffer solutions as well. The data for 1-diazo-2-indanone gave the hydronium ion catalytic coefficient kH+ = 5.7 × 103 (mol/L)1 s1 and the isotope effect kH+/kD+ = 2.9. The normal direction (kH/kD > 1) of this isotope effect was taken as evidence for a reaction mechanism involving rate-determining hydron transfer from the hydro

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45

Senior, A. E., S. Nadanaciva, and J. Weber. "Rate acceleration of ATP hydrolysis by F(1)F(o)-ATP synthase." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 1 (2000): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.1.35.

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The rate acceleration of ATP hydrolysis by F(1)F(o)-ATP synthase is of the order of 10(11)-fold. We present a cyclic enzyme mechanism for the reaction, relate it to known F(1) X-ray structure and speculate on the linkage between enzyme reaction intermediates and subunit rotation. Next, we describe five factors known to be important in the Escherichia coli enzyme for the rate acceleration. First, the provision of substrate binding energy by residues lining the catalytic site is substantial; beta-Lys155 and beta-Arg182 are specific examples, both of which differentially support substrate MgATP v

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46

Xue, Jing Wen, and Zhe Wang. "A Study on Catalytic Hydrolysis of Corncob by Formic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.321.

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Corncob powder was hydrolyzed with formic acid under the catalyzation of hydrochloric acid. Sugar contents in hydrolysis liquor at different reaction time and temperature were determined. The chemical compositions in hydrolysis residue were also analyzed. Results showed that the formic acid could hydrolyze the polysaccharides in corncob and the degradation products were dissolved in hydrolysis liquor. The addition of catalytic hydrochloric acid accelerated the hydrolysis of polyose. The proper hydrolysis condition was 80°C for 3h. Lignin might undergo hydrolysis at higher temperature.

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47

Chiang, Yvonne, Robert Eliason, Gary H. X. Guo, and A. Jerry Kresge. "Vinyl ether hydrolysis. XXIX. 1-Methoxy-1,3-butadiene: reaction mechanism and implication for hydrolysis of the mutagen fecapentaene-12." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 7 (1994): 1632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-205.

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The hydrolysis of cis- and trans-1-methoxy-1,3-butadiene in aqueous solution occurs by hydron transfer to the δ-carbon atom with little or no β-hydronation to give crotonaldehyde as essentially the sole aldehyde product. The reaction gives appreciable hydronium-ion isotope effects in the normal direction [Formula: see text] and shows general acid catalysis; five carboxylic acid catalytic coefficients for hydrolysis of the trans isomer give a good Brønsted relation with the exponent α = 0.59. This is taken as evidence that these reactions occur by the conventional mechanism for vinyl ether hydr

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48

KERN, András, Zsófia SZENTPÉTERY, Károly LILIOM, Éva BAKOS, Balázs SARKADI, and András VÁRADI. "Nucleotides and transported substrates modulate different steps of the ATPase catalytic cycle of MRP1 multidrug transporter." Biochemical Journal 380, no. 2 (2004): 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031607.

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The human ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter MRP1 (human multidrug-resistance-associated protein 1; ABCC1) is involved in the cellular extrusion of conjugated metabolites and causes multidrug resistance in tumour cells. The transport of substrate molecules by ABC proteins is energized by ATP hydrolysis, performed by two co-operating ABC units. Orthovanadate (Vi), a non-covalent inhibitor of the ABC ATPases, was found to catalyse a photo-oxidative cleavage of various ATP-binding proteins. In the present study, we have identified three Vi-cleavage sites within MRP1, and found that the cleava

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Kozakiewicz, Anna, Piotr Neumann, Mariusz Banach, Michał Komoszyński, and Andrzej Wojtczak. "Modeling studies of potato nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase1: an insight into the catalytic mechanism." Acta Biochimica Polonica 55, no. 1 (2008): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2008_3107.

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Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase--NTPDase1 (apyrase, EC 3.6.1.5) was modeled based on sequence homology. The single polypeptide chain of apyrase is folded into two domains. The putative catalytic site with the apyrase conserved regions (ACR 1-5) is located between these two domains. Modeling confirmed that apyrase belongs to the actin superfamily of proteins. The amino acids interacting with the nucleoside triphosphate substrate and probably involved in the catalyzed hydrolysis were identified. The proposed two-step catalytic mechanism of hydrolysis involves Thr127 and Thr55 as poten

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50

Repetto, Sonia L., James F. Costello, Craig P. Butts, Joseph K. W. Lam, and Norman M. Ratcliffe. "The hydrolysis of geminal ethers: a kinetic appraisal of orthoesters and ketals." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (July 15, 2016): 1467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.143.

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A novel approach to protecting jet fuel against the effects of water contamination is predicated upon the coupling of the rapid hydrolysis reactions of lipophilic cyclic geminal ethers, with the concomitant production of a hydrophilic acyclic hydroxyester with de-icing properties (Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors - FDII). To this end, a kinetic appraisal of the hydrolysis reactions of representative geminal ethers was undertaken using a convenient surrogate for the fuel–water interface (D2O/CD3CN 1:4). We present here a library of acyclic and five/six-membered cyclic geminal ethers arranged a

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