Journal articles: 'Catalytic pyrolysis'

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Lee, Nahyeon, Junghee Joo, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, and Jechan Lee. "Waste-to-Fuels: Pyrolysis of Low-Density Polyethylene Waste in the Presence of H-ZSM-11." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081198.

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Herein, the pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) scrap in the presence of a H-ZSM-11 zeolite was conducted as an effort to valorize plastic waste to fuel-range chemicals. The LDPE-derived pyrolytic gas was composed of low-molecular-weight aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, and propylene) and hydrogen. An increase in pyrolysis temperature led to increasing the gaseous hydrocarbon yields for the pyrolysis of LDPE. Using the H-ZSM-11 catalyst in the pyrolysis of LDPE greatly enhanced the content of propylene in the pyrolytic gas because of promoted dehydrogenation of propane formed during the pyrolysis. Apart from the light aliphatic hydrocarbons, jet fuel-, diesel-, and motor oil-range hydrocarbons were found in the pyrolytic liquid for the non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis. The change in pyrolysis temperature for the catalytic pyrolysis affected the hydrocarbon compositions of the pyrolytic liquid more materially than for the non-catalytic pyrolysis. This study experimentally showed that H-ZSM-11 can be effective at producing fuel-range hydrocarbons from LDPE waste through pyrolysis. The results would contribute to the development of waste valorization process via plastic upcycling.

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Alagu, R. M., and E. Ganapathy Sundaram. "Experimental Studies on Thermal and Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis of Groundnut Shell to Pyrolytic Oil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.67.

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Pyrolysis process in a fixed bed reactor was performed to derive pyrolytic oil from groundnut shell. Experiments were conducted with different operating parameters to establish optimum conditions with respect to maximum pyrolytic oil yield. Pyrolysis process was carried out without catalyst (thermal pyrolysis) and with catalyst (catalytic pyrolysis). The Kaolin is used as a catalyst for this study. The maximum pyrolytic oil yield (39%wt) was obtained at 450°C temperature for 1.18- 2.36 mm of particle size and heating rate of 60°C/min. The properties of pyrolytic oil obtained by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis were characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to identify the functional groups and chemical components present in the pyrolytic oil. The study found that catalytic pyrolysis produce more pyrolytic oil yield and improve the pH value, viscosity and calorific value of the pyrolytic oil as compared to thermal pyrolysis.

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AlMohamadi, Hamad, Abdulrahman Aljabri, Essam R. I. Mahmoud, Sohaib Z. Khan, Meshal S. Aljohani, and Rashid Shamsuddin. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste: Effects of Pyrolysis Parameters." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 16, no. 2 (March 17, 2021): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10499.342-352.

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Burning municipal solid waste (MSW) increases CO2, CH4, and SO2 emissions, leading to an increase in global warming, encouraging governments and researchers to search for alternatives. The pyrolysis process converts MSW to oil, gas, and char. This study investigated catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of MSW to produce oil using MgO-based catalysts. The reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and catalyst support were evaluated. Magnesium oxide was supported on active carbon (AC) and Al2O3 to assess the role of support in MgO catalyst activity. The liquid yields varied from 30 to 54 wt% based on the experimental conditions. For the noncatalytic pyrolysis experiment, the highest liquid yield was 54 wt% at 500 °C. The results revealed that adding MgO, MgO/Al2O3, and MgO/AC declines the liquid yield and increases the gas yield. The catalysts exhibited significant deoxygenation activity, which enhances the quality of the pyrolysis oil and increases the heating value of the bio-oil. Of the catalysts that had high deoxygenation activity, MgO/AC had the highest relative yield. The loading of MgO/AC varied from 5 to 30 wt% of feed to the pyrolysis reactor. As the catalyst load increases, the liquid yield declines, while the gas and char yields increase. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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Wang, Wenli, Yaxin Gu, Chengfen Zhou, and Changwei Hu. "Current Challenges and Perspectives for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to High-Value Products." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (November 26, 2022): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121524.

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Lignocellulosic biomass is an excellent alternative of fossil source because it is low-cost, plentiful and environmentally friendly, and it can be transformed into biogas, bio-oil and biochar through pyrolysis; thereby, the three types of pyrolytic products can be upgraded or improved to satisfy the standard of biofuel, chemicals and energy materials for industries. The bio-oil derived from direct pyrolysis shows some disadvantages: high contents of oxygenates, water and acids, easy-aging and so forth, which restrict the large-scale application and commercialization of bio-oil. Catalytic pyrolysis favors the refinement of bio-oil through deoxygenation, cracking, decarboxylation, decarbonylation reactions and so on, which could occur on the specified reaction sites. Therefore, the catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising approach for the production of high quality and renewable biofuels. This review gives information about the factors which might determine the catalytic pyrolysis output, including the properties of biomass, operational parameters of catalytic pyrolysis and different types of pyrolysis equipment. Catalysts used in recent research studies aiming to explore the catalytic pyrolysis conversion of biomass to high quality bio-oil or chemicals are discussed, and the current challenges and future perspectives for biomass catalytic pyrolysis are highlighted for further comprehension.

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Kordatos, K., A. Ntziouni, S. Trasobares, and V. Kasselouri-Rigopoulou. "Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes on Zeolite Substrate of Type ZSM-5." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.722.

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The present work deals with the synthesis of carbon nanotube-zeolite composites using as method the catalytic liquid spray pyrolysis. The nanotubes were formed after pyrolysis of toluene on the surface of a zeolite of type ZSM-5, which was used as a catalytic substrate. ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized using the autoclave process and full characterized. Prior to the pyrolyses, the catalytic substrates were produced by mixing a certain amount of zeolite with a solution of Fe(NO3)3•9H2O of specific concentration. The obtained materials from the spray pyrolysis were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry-differential analysis (TG-DTA).

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Zhang, Zhi Bo, Xiao Ning Ye, Qiang Lu, Chang Qing Dong, and Yong Qian Liu. "Production of Phenolic Compounds from Low Temperature Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass with Activated Carbon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.190.

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Activated carbon (AC) was reported as a promising catalyst to selectively produce phenolic compounds from biomass using the micro-wave assisted catalytic pyrolysis technique. In order to evaluate the catalytic performance of the AC under the traditional fast pyrolysis process, analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) technique was applied for the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass mixed with the AC. Polar wood was selected as the feedstock, and experiments were conducted to reveal the AC-catalyzed poplar wood pyrolysis behavior and product distribution. The results indicated that the AC was also effective for the phenolics production in the traditional fast pyrolysis process at 350 °C. It could promote the formation of phenolic compounds, and inhibit most of the other pyrolytic products. The maximal phenolics yield was obtained at the biomass to catalyst ratio of 1:4, with the peak area% over 50%.

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Liu, Zhongzhe, Simcha Singer, Daniel Zitomer, and Patrick McNamara. "Sub-Pilot-Scale Autocatalytic Pyrolysis of Wastewater Biosolids for Enhanced Energy Recovery." Catalysts 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8110524.

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Improving onsite energy generation and recovering value-added products are common goals for sustainable used water reclamation. A new process called autocatalytic pyrolysis was developed at bench scale in our previous work by using biochar produced from the biosolids pyrolysis process itself as the catalyst to enhance energy recovery from wastewater biosolids. The large-scale investigation of this process was used to increase the technical readiness level. A sub-pilot-scale catalytic pyrolytic system was constructed for this scaled-up study. The effects of configuration changes in both pyrolytic and catalytic reactors were investigated as well as the effect of vapor-catalyst contact types (i.e., downstream, in-situ) on product yield and quality. The sub-pilot-scale test with downstream catalysis resulted in higher py-gas yields and lower bio-oil yields when compared to results from a previous batch, bench-scale process. In particular, the py-gas yields increased 2.5-fold and the energy contained in the py-gas approximately quadrupled compared to the control test without autocatalysis. Biochar addition to the feed biosolids before pyrolysis (in-situ catalysis) resulted in increased py-gas production, but the increase was limited. It was expected that using a higher input pyrolyzer with a better mixing condition would further improve the py-gas yield.

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Liu, Juan, Xia Li, and Qing Jie Guo. "Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Chlorella with γ-Al₂O₃ Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.562.

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Chlorella samples were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with γ-Al2O3 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst at 600°C. Liquid oil samples was collected from pyrolysis experiments in a condenser and characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity and heating value. In the presence of catalysts , gas yield decreased and liquid yield increased when compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at the same temperatures. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from catalytic with γ-Al2O3 runs carries lower water content and lower viscosity and higher heating value. Comparison of two catalytic products, the results were showed that γ-Al2O3 has a higher activity than that of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The acidity distribution in these samples has been measured by t.p.d, of ammonia, the γ-Al2O3 shows a lower acidity. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst shows promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from algae via the catalytic pyrolysis.

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Kaliappan, S., M. Karthick, Pravin P. Patil, P. Madhu, S. Sekar, Ravi Mani, Francisca D. Kalavathi, S. Mohanraj, and Solomon Neway Jida. "Utilization of Eco-Friendly Waste Eggshell Catalysts for Enhancing Liquid Product Yields through Pyrolysis of Forestry Residues." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (June 7, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3445485.

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In this study, catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of Prosopis juliflora biomass was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor. This study highlights the potential use of forestry residues with waste eggshells under a nitrogen environment. The experiments were conducted to increase the yield of bio-oil by changing the parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, particle size, and catalyst ratio. Under noncatalytic pyrolysis, a maximum bio-oil yield of 40.9 wt% was obtained when the feedstock was pyrolysed at 500°C. During catalytic pyrolysis, the yield of bio-oil was increased by up to 16.95% compared to the noncatalytic process due to the influence of Ca-rich wastes on devolatilization behavior. In particular, the existence of alkali and alkaline-earth metals present in eggshells might have positive effects on the decomposition of biomass material. The bio-oil obtained through catalytic pyrolysis under maximum yield conditions was analyzed for its physical and chemical characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

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Liu, Junjian, Qidong Hou, Meiting Ju, Peng Ji, Qingmei Sun, and Weizun Li. "Biomass Pyrolysis Technology by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis and Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis: A Review." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2020): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070742.

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With the aggravation of the energy crisis and environmental problems, biomass resource, as a renewable carbon resource, has received great attention. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is a promising technology, which can convert solid biomass into high value liquid fuel, bio-char and syngas. Catalyst plays a vital role in the rapid pyrolysis, which can increase the yield and selectivity of aromatics and other products in bio-oil. In this paper, the traditional zeolite catalysts and metal modified zeolite catalysts used in CFP are summarized. The influence of the catalysts on the yield and selectivity of the product obtained from pyrolysis was discussed. The deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst were discussed. Catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) are new technologies developed in traditional pyrolysis technology. CCP improves the problem of hydrogen deficiency in the biomass pyrolysis process and raises the yield and character of pyrolysis products, through the co-feeding of biomass and hydrogen-rich substances. The pyrolysis reactions of biomass and polymers (plastics and waste tires) in CCP were reviewed to obtain the influence of co-pyrolysis on composition and selectivity of pyrolysis products. The catalytic mechanism of the catalyst in CCP and the reaction path of the product are described, which is very important to improve the understanding of co-pyrolysis technology. In addition, the effects of biomass pretreatment, microwave adsorbent, catalyst and other reaction conditions on the pyrolysis products of MAP were reviewed, and the application of MAP in the preparation of high value-added biofuels, activated carbon and syngas was introduced.

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Sulistyo, Joko, Toshimitsu Hata, Ganis Lukmandaru, Yunida Syafriani, and Sensho Honma. "Catalytic Process in Producing Green Aromatics through Fast Pyrolysis of Wood of Five Tropical Fast Growing Trees Species." Wood Research Journal 12, no. 1 (2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2021.12.1.18-27.

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The generation of liquid fuels and chemicals is potential through a catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) which is a rapid, inexpensive, and promising method utilizing tropical wood biomass as starting material. There is a little known in the potential of wood biomass from tropical fast-growing trees as starting materials for the production of liquid fuel and chemicals. In this study the formation of aromatics by pyrolytic-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) is evaluated on the effect of wood species with different characteristics and its cellulose component to the formation of aromatics. Fast pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood characterized with low content of ash and high percentages of hollocellulose and α-cellulose produced much high relative peaks of levoglucosan and small relative peaks of lignin derived products. Meanwhile high content of vollatile matter and high crystallinity of cellulose attributed balsa and jabon woods as feedstock for fast pyrolysis. The catalytic process in fast pyrolysis of eucalyptus decomposed the most of oxygenated compound such as levoglucosan and furfural into aromatics in the presence of ZSM-5. Coke formation on the surface catalyst might lead partly of decomposition of levoglucosan and furfural to form aromatics in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of balsa wood. Cellulose component determined on the formation of benzene, toluene, styrene, p-xylene, indane, indene, and naphthalene in catalytic fast pyrolysis of wood.

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Fonseca, Noyala, Roger Fréty, and Emerson Andrade Sales. "Biogasoline Obtained Using Catalytic Pyrolysis of Desmodesmus sp. Microalgae: Comparison between Dry Biomass and n-Hexane Extract." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121517.

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The present work deals with the production of hydrocarbons in the C5–C12 range obtained from the fast micropyrolysis of a laboratory-grown Desmodesmus sp. microalgae. It compares the properties of this specific fraction of hydrocarbons using or not using transition alumina catalysts during pyrolysis in experiments with both pure dried microalgae and its n-hexane extract. The microalgae were characterised using thermogravimetry (TG) and CHN analysis; the n-hexane extract was analysed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pyrolysis experiments were performed in a multi-shot pyrolyser connected online with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The composition of the C5–C12 fraction was compared to that of an industrial pyrolysis gasoline. The results of pyrolysis at 600 °C show that the alumina catalyst increases the quantity of C5–C12 hydrocarbon families when compared to purely thermal pyrolysis, representing about 40% of all the dry microalgae pyrolysis products. In the case of n-hexane extract, the C5–C12 area fraction corresponds to 33.5% of the whole products’ area when pyrolysis is conducted with an alumina catalyst. A detailed analysis shows that linear molecules, mainly unsaturated, are predominant in the products. Dry biomass formed more aromatic but less cyclic and alkylated molecules in relation to the n-hexane extract. Nitrogen products, essentially alkylated pyrroles, were produced in large quantities when dry biomass was used but were below the detection limit when pyrolysing the extracts. Thus, the extraction with hexane proved to be an effective way to remove nitrogen compounds, which are undesirable in fuels. The estimated low heating values of the present C5–C12 pyrolysis hydrocarbon fractions (between 43 and 44 MJ/kg) are quite comparable to the reported values for reformulated and conventional industrial gasolines (42 and 43 MJ/kg, respectively).

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Poddar, Sourav, Rima Biswas, Sudipto De, and Ranjana Chowdhary. "Analysis of Tar by Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Jute." Journal of Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Science 1, no. 1 (August 8, 2015): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18831/james.in/2015011002.

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Yang, Yi, Zhongyang Luo, Simin Li, Kongyu Lu, and Wenbo Wang. "Catalytic pyrolysis of hemicellulose to produce aromatic hydrocarbons." BioResources 14, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 5816–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.5816-5831.

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Catalytic fast pyrolysis of hemicellulose with zeolite catalysts is a promising method to produce aromatic hydrocarbons (Carlson et al. 2009). In this paper, the behavior of hemicellulose catalytic pyrolysis with HZSM-5 (with three different silica to alumina ratio, 23, 50, 80), HY, and Hβ was studied. Pyrolysis vapor was separated into non-condensable vapors and condensable fractions. The fractions were qualified and quantified by a gas chromatography / flame ionization detector (GC/FID) system and a gas chromatography / mass spectrometer (GC/MS) system, respectively. The influences of catalysts and pyrolysis parameters were studied. Among the catalysts, HZSM-5(23) provided the desired acidity and shape selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbon production. A higher catalyst to hemicellulose ratio (CHR) and higher heating rate resulted in a higher aromatic hydrocarbon yield. The most suitable pyrolysis temperature for hemicellulose with HZSM-5 was 650 °C. During catalytic pyrolysis, thermal decomposition products underwent deoxygenation reactions promoted by the acid sites on the zeolite. The C2-C4 deoxygenated products produced monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAH) by shape-selective catalysis reactions in zeolite pores. With higher temperatures and higher residence times, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons facilitated cyclization reactions with C2-C4 deoxygenated products, thereby forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).

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Balasundram, V., N. Ibrahim, and R. Isha. "The Effect of Temperature on Catalytic Pyrolysis of HDPE Over Ni/Ce/Al2O3." Journal of Advanced Research in Materials Science 77, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arms.77.1.2635.

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The main objective of the current work is to investigate the influence of reaction temperature on catalytic pyrolysis of High-Density Polyurethane (HDPE) over Ni/Ce/Al2O3 into enriched hydrocarbons of pyrolytic oil and gas The experiments were performed at four different pyrolysis reaction temperatures (500, 600, 700, and 800 °C) via in-situ fixed bed reactor. The Al2O3 (75 wt.%) was used as a support, while nickel (20 wt.%) and cerium (5 wt.%) were impregnated as promoters via incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalyst to plastic mass ratio was kept constant at 1:1 for all investigated samples. The results revealed that the Ni/Ce/Al2O3 catalyst has synergistic effects on the catalytic pyrolysis of HDPE into a high yield of hydrocarbon compounds (C5 – C20) in pyrolytic oil and hydrogen gas composition in pyrolytic gas. The highest yield of pyrolytic oil was achieved at 700 °C (53.23 %), while the highest yield of pyrolytic gas was achieved at 800 °C (67.85 %). The small molecular hydrocarbons in pyrolytic oil (C5 - C9) decreases with increasing temperature from 500 to 800 °C. The highest hydrogen gas yield of 77.59 %. was achieved at 700 °C. Thus, this research has economic feasibility in producing alternative valuable energy from the plastic waste stream.

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Hidayat, Arif, Muflih Arisa Adnan, and Heni Dewajani. "Production Biofuels from Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Catalytic Pyrolysis Using Calcined Dolomite." Materials Science Forum 1029 (May 2021): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1029.153.

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In this study, Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) was utilized to produce bio-oil through non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis process. A fixed-bed reactor was applied to conduct pyrolysis experiments at atmospheric pressure. Comparison of bio-oils obtained from non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis wih different pyrolysis temperature was studied in terms product yield. The maximum bio-oil yield of 52.4% was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C. Furthermore, based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotoscopy (GC-MS) analysis, the percentage of phenolic compounds in bio-oil products from catalyzed pyrolysis showed more higher compared with the non-catalyzed pyrolysis.

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Sulistyo, Joko, Toshimitsu Hata, Sensho Honma, Ryohei Asakura, and Sri Nugroho Marsoem. "Green Aromatics from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Fast Growing Meranti Biomass." Wood Research Journal 4, no. 1 (April 19, 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2013.4.1.13-18.

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The study on catalytic pyrolysis decomposition of Shorea leprosula wood biomass to form aromatic compounds in fast pyrolysis was performed by pyrolytic-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) - electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to analyze the chemical compound and solid residue microstructure. Py-GC/MS and TEM-EELS analysis showed that the fast pyrolysis increased the decomposition of hardwood, in which in the presence of ZSM-5 catalyst, the liquid products from wood decomposition was then diffused into the pore of ZSM-5 catalyst to form aromatics including benzene, toluene, styrene, naphthalenes and indanes. The carbonaceous solid compounds or cokes were not deposited on the surface of pores of ZSM-5 catalyst in the fast pyrolysis, as shown by the EELS spectrum that exhibited no detection of any solid carbonaceous compound in the solid residue.

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Zhou, Quan, Quyet Van Le, Han Yang, Haiping Gu, Yafeng Yang, Christian Sonne, Meisam Tabatabaei, et al. "Sustainable conversion of agricultural biomass into renewable energy products: A Discussion." BioResources 17, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): 3489–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.zhou.

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This paper discusses the use of agricultural biomass as a promising resource for renewable energy production, e.g., bio-oil and biogas via pyrolysis and catalysis, among other technologies. In order to prevent the accumulation of agricultural biomass, most countries still use traditional disposal or processing methods, e.g., burning in the field, which not only has a low energy conversion rate, but also releases harmful gases, e.g., CO2, CO, and NH3. These traditional methods are regarded as inefficient with respect to the low utilization of waste; they also pose a threat to human health. The energy conversion of agricultural biomass makes full use of resources and accelerates the development of green energy. In particular, agricultural biomass can lead to the production of high-quality renewable fuels and chemical raw materials through catalytic pyrolysis technologies. The fuel produced using catalytic pyrolysis has a low sulfur and alkali metal contents and techno-economic analysis shows that catalytic pyrolysis greatly reduces the production cost and improves the utilization rate of agricultural biomass. The production of bio-oil and gas via catalytic pyrolysis and agricultural biomass are environmentally friendly and economically feasible for clean energy production. Therefore, additional research is needed to enable the upscaling of renewable energy products.

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Iisa, Kristiina, David J. Robichaud, Michael J. Watson, Jeroen ten Dam, Abhijit Dutta, Calvin Mukarakate, Seonah Kim, Mark R. Nimlos, and Robert M. Baldwin. "Improving biomass pyrolysis economics by integrating vapor and liquid phase upgrading." Green Chemistry 20, no. 3 (2018): 567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc02947k.

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Partial deoxygenation of bio-oil by catalytic fast pyrolysis with subsequent coupling and hydrotreating can lead to improved economics and will aid commercial deployment of pyrolytic conversion of biomass technologies.

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Lee, Younghyun, Soosan Kim, Jisu Kim, Gwy-Am Shin, Chang-Gu Lee, Seungho Jung, and Jechan Lee. "Catalytic Pyrolysis as a Technology to Dispose of Herbal Medicine Waste." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080826.

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The use of herbal medicine has increased tremendously over the last decades, generating a considerable amount of herbal medicine waste. Pyrolysis is a promising option to dispose of biomass and organic waste such as herbal medicine waste. Herein, an activated carbon-supported Pt catalyst (Pt/AC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were applied to the pyrolysis of real herbal medicine waste to develop a thermal disposal method to prevent the formation of benzene derivatives that are harmful to the environment and human health. When using the Pt/AC catalyst in the pyrolysis of the herbal medicine waste at 500 °C, the generation of benzyl species was suppressed. This was likely because the Pt catalytic sites accelerate a free radical mechanism that is dominant in the thermal cracking of carbonaceous substances. However, the employment of CO2 (instead of typically used N2) as a pyrolysis medium for the herbal medicine waste pyrolysis did not decrease the concentrations of benzyl compounds contained in the pyrolytic products of the herbal medicine waste. This study might help develop a method to thermally dispose of agricultural biowaste, preventing the formation of harmful chemicals to the environment and human beings.

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Basu, Biswadip, and Deepak Kunzru. "Catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 31, no. 1 (January 1992): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00001a021.

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Bagri, Ranbir, and Paul T. Williams. "Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 63, no. 1 (March 2002): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2370(01)00139-5.

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Gupta, Mehul. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polythene." Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29055/jccs/686.

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Perez, G., M. Raimondo, A. De Stefanis, and A. A. G. Tomlinson. "Catalytic pyrolysis—gas chromatography." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 35, no. 2 (December 1995): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(95)00906-5.

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Ali, Ghulam, Marrij Afraz, Faisal Muhammad, Jan Nisar, Afzal Shah, Shamsa Munir, and Syed Tasleem Hussain. "Production of Fuel Range Hydrocarbons from Pyrolysis of Lignin over Zeolite Y, Hydrogen." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010215.

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In the current study, plain and lignin loaded with Zeolite Y, hydrogen was decomposed in a pyrolysis chamber. The reaction parameters were optimized and 390 °C, 3% catalyst with a reaction time of 40 min were observed as the most suitable conditions for better oil yield. The bio-oil collected from the catalyzed and non-catalyzed pyrolytic reactions was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Catalytic pyrolysis resulted in the production of bio-oil consisting of 15 components ranging from C3 to C18 with a high percentage of fuel range benzene derivatives. Non-catalytic pyrolysis produced bio-oil that consists of 58 components ranging from C3 to C24; however, the number and quantity of fuel range hydrocarbons were lower than in the catalyzed products. The pyrolysis reaction was studied kinetically for both samples using thermogravimetry at heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min in the temperature range 20–600 °C. The activation energies and pre-exponential factors were calculated using the Kissinger equation for both non-catalytic and catalytic decomposition and found to be 157.96 kJ/mol, 141.33 kJ/mol, 2.66 × 1013 min−1 and 2.17 × 1010 min−1, respectively. It was concluded that Zeolite Y, hydrogen worked well as a catalyst to decrease activation energy and enhance the quality of the bio-oil generated.

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Amanat, A., Z. Hussain, M. Imran Din, A. Sharif, A. Mujahid, A. Intisar, E. Ahmed, R. Khaild, and M. Arshad. "Catalytic pyrolysis of Sweet Sorghum plant by using fixed-bed reactor; Effect of different temperatures on the pyrolytic bio-oil yield and FT-IR characterization." Journal of Optoelectronic and Biomedical Materials 13, no. 4 (October 2021): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jobm.2021.134.137.

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Pyrolysis of sweet sorghum, lignocellulosic graminaceous plant has been conceded using the fixed bed tubular reactor. Temperature plus catalyst are the important factors which effect the pyrolysis process. Here catalytic pyrolysis has been done by the catalyst ZnO-Fe2O3/Al2O3 at different temperatures. We have done our pyrolysis reactions on3changed temperatures i.e. 250̊ C, 350 ̊C, 450 ̊C. By using catalyst, we obtain the pyrolytic products at a very low temperature and it is proved very efficient method for biofuel production. From different temperature experimentation, we concluded that the best optimal temperature along with catalyst for pyrolysis is 350 ̊C for the yield of bio oil. Maximum yield can be obtained at this temperature.

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Song, Jinling, Chuyang Tang, Xinyuan An, Yi Wang, Shankun Zhou, and Chunhong Huang. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Sawdust with Desulfurized Fly Ash for Pyrolysis Gas Upgrading." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 15755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315755.

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In this study, the catalytic effects of desulfurized fly ash (DFA) on the gaseous products of sawdust (SD) pyrolysis were investigated in a tubular furnace. The results indicated that DFA catalyzed the process of SD decomposition to improve the hydrogen content and the calorific value of pyrolysis gas. As to its effect on pyrolysis products, DFA increased the non-oxide content of CH4, C3H4, and H2 in pyrolysis gas by 1.4-, 1.8-, and 2.3-fold, respectively. Meanwhile, the catalytic effect of DFA reduced the CO and CO2 yields during DFA/SD pyrolysis. Based on the model compound method, CaSO3 and Ca(OH)2 in DFA was proved to have quite different catalytic effects on pyrolysis gas components. Ca(OH)2 accelerated the formation of CH4 and H2 through the cracking of methoxyl during lignin and cellulose degradation, while CaSO3 favored the generation of CO and CO2 due to the carbonyl and carboxyl of lignin in SD. CaSO3 also catalyzed SD pyrolysis to promote the C3H4 yield in pyrolysis gas. Overall, the catalytic pyrolysis of SD with DFA yielded negative-carbon emission, which upgraded the quality of the pyrolysis gas.

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Zhao, Gang Wei, Wei Qi Yu, and Yun Han Xiao. "Study on Brown Coal Pyrolysis and Catalytic Pyrolysis." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.660.

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It is very important to the combustion processes of coal pyrolysis, so the catalytic effects of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal on the brown coal (Yunnan,China) were investigated with a thermogravimetric analysis. These results show that the active pyrolysis orders are Mg>Ni,Fe>Na,K>Al2O3>CaO, and the maximal increment of conversion is 10.6% in brown coal.

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Papuga, Saša, Milica Djurdjevic, Andrea Ciccioli, and Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste and Molecular Symmetry Effects: A Review." Symmetry 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010038.

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The present review addresses the latest findings and limitations in catalytic pyrolysis for the processing of plastic waste into valuable fuels. Compared to thermal degradation of plastics, catalytic pyrolysis provides better results in regards to the quality of the obtained liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Different types of catalysts can be used in order to improve the thermal degradation of plastics. Some of the most used catalysts are different types of zeolites (HUSY, HZSM-5, Hβ), Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), silica-alumina catalysts, or natural clays. There is a need to find affordable and effective catalysts in the aim of achieving commercialization of catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste. Therefore, this study summarizes and presents the most significant results found in the literature in regards to catalytic pyrolysis. This paper also investigates the symmetry effects of molecules on the pyrolysis process.

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Zhao, Hao, Zhaoping Zhong, Zhaoying Li, and Wei Wang. "Research on catalytic pyrolysis of algae based on Py-GC/MS." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 11 (November 2019): 191307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191307.

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In order to improve the quality of catalysis products of algae, composite molecular sieve catalyst was prepared by digestion and crystallization of HZSM-5 to reduce the oxygen content of the catalytic products. According to the analysis of the pyrolysis products, the best preparation conditions were chosen of tetra propylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) solution 2.0 mol l −1 , cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution 10 wt%, crystallization temperature 110°C, digestion–crystallization time: 24–24 h. The results indicate that the main function of catalysts is to promote the conversion of alcohols into hydrocarbons by reducing energy barriers. Catalysed by the composite molecular sieve, the content of alcohols in the pyrolysis products decreased from more than 30% to less than 10%, the content of hydrocarbons increased from 20% to nearly 60%, while all the adverse components remained at a low level, which indicates that the catalytic pyrolysis products are of high quality. The great deoxidation effect of composite molecular sieves is not only due to the expansion of the range of organic matter during re-pyrolysis, but also the increasing of the residence time of pyrolysis products inside the structure for the external mesoporous structure.

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Dhanalakshmi, C. Sowmya, N. Ahalya, P. Vidhyalakshmi, C. Krishnaraj, N. Selvam, Pravin P. Patil, S. Kalippan, and S. Prabhakar. "Individual and Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Agricultural Outcomes and Polymeric Materials over Nano-HZSM-5 Zeolite: Synergistic Effects and Yield Analysis for Heating Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (May 12, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3743299.

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The catalytic effect of nano-HZSM-5 zeolite on co-pyrolysis of cotton shell (CS) and municipal plastic wastes (MPW) was studied. The influence of reaction temperature during individual pyrolysis, blending ratio, and catalytic effects was studied by applying constant heating rate. The experiments were conducted in a fixed bed batch type reactor. The hindering effect during catalytic decomposition of MPW was carried out and its positive synergistic effect on liquid oil yield was analysed. The reaction temperature for all the experiments are fixed based on the decomposition rate obtained from thermogravimetric study. The experimental outcomes revealed that during co-pyrolysis, the formation of char was reduced to 7.2 wt% with increased liquid oil yield of 66.5 wt%. Furthermore, adding catalyst for co-pyrolysis process improved the reaction by decreasing char formation. During catalytic process, the maximum liquid oil output was 69.3 wt% at 500°C temperature, CS/MPW ratio of 1 : 2. When compared to co-pyrolysis process, the catalytic co-pyrolysis showed 4.21 wt% higher liquid oil yield. The physical analysis of the oil shows maximum hating value of 34.6 MJ/kg. The FTIR study on catalytic co-pyrolysis oil shows the presence of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Lee, Heejin, Young-Min Kim, Sang-Chul Jung, and Young-Kwon Park. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate Over Desilicated Beta." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17636.

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The desilication effect of Beta on the catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was investigated in this study. Compared to parent Beta, desilicated Beta revealed the higher aromatics formation efficiency due to its larger pore size allowing the efficient diffusion of PET pyrolysis intermediates to the catalyst pore. Compared to the in-situ catalytic pyrolysis, ex-situ catalytic PET pyrolysis over desilicated Beta produced a larger amount of aromatics. The desilicated catalyst could be re-used without catalyst regeneration due to the small extent of catalyst deactivation.

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Khasanov, R. G., T. V. Alushkina, and M. V. Klykov. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Vacuum Gas Oi." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 625, no. 3 (2021): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2021-625-3-21-24.

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Studies of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of vacuum gas oil in a flow-type reactor have been carried out. The main regularities in the yield of the target products of the process – ethylene, propylene and butylenes – are revealed. The influence of the catalyst on the change in the conditions of catalytic pyrolysis in comparison with thermal pyrolysis is described. A mathematical model of the process is proposed.

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Xu, Tao, Jue Xu, and Yongping Wu. "Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production from Two-Stage Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pine Sawdust with Calcined Dolomite." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020131.

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The potential of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for hydrogen and bio-oil production has drawn great attention due to the concern of clean energy utilization and decarbonization. In this paper, the catalytic pyrolysis of pine sawdust with calcined dolomite was carried out in a novel moving bed reactor with a two-stage screw feeder. The effects of pyrolysis temperature (700–900 °C) and catalytic temperature (500–800 °C) on pyrolysis performance were investigated in product distribution, gas composition, and gas properties. The results showed that with the temperature increased, pyrolysis gas yield increased, but the yield of solid and liquid products decreased. With the increase in temperature, the CO and H2 content increased significantly, while the CO2 and CH4 decreased correspondingly. The calcined dolomite can remove the tar by 44% and increased syngas yield by 52.9%. With the increasing catalytic temperature, the catalytic effect of calcined dolomite was also enhanced.

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35

Zhang, Laibao, Zhenghong Bao, Shunxiang Xia, Qiang Lu, and Keisha Walters. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass and Polymer Wastes." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (December 13, 2018): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120659.

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Oil produced by the pyrolysis of biomass and co-pyrolysis of biomass with waste synthetic polymers has significant potential as a substitute for fossil fuels. However, the relatively poor properties found in pyrolysis oil—such as high oxygen content, low caloric value, and physicochemical instability—hampers its practical utilization as a commercial petroleum fuel replacement or additive. This review focuses on pyrolysis catalyst design, impact of using real waste feedstocks, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, and optimization of product distributions to support the production of high value-added products. Co-pyrolysis of two or more feedstock materials is shown to increase oil yield, caloric value, and aromatic hydrocarbon content. In addition, the co-pyrolysis of biomass and polymer waste can contribute to a reduction in production costs, expand waste disposal options, and reduce environmental impacts. Several promising options for catalytic pyrolysis to become industrially viable are also discussed.

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36

Binnal, Prakash, Vinayak Suresh Mali, Shruthi Puttappa Karjekannavar, and Sumanth Raj Mogaveera. "Enhancing Gasoline Range Hydrocarbons by Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Rice Husk with Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Using Zeolite Socony Mobil#5(ZSM-5)." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.13850.

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In the present work, catalytic co-pyrolysis of rice husk with low density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated to enhance the amount of gasoline range hydrocarbons in the bio-oil. Zeolite Socony Mobil#5(ZSM-5) was used as catalyst. The specific surface area, pore volume and the average pore size of ZSM-5 were evaluated to be 418.041 m2/g, 0.227 cc/g and 1.628 nm respectively. Optimum temperature for obtaining highest bio-oil yield for non-catalytic co-pyrolysis was 600 °C, resulting in yield of 51.26 %. For catalytic co-pyrolysis, the optimum temperature was 500 °C with a bio-oil yield of 38.87 %. H/C ratio of gasoline range hydrocarbon oil obtained by catalytic co-pyrolysis was 1.21, while the oxygen content was 2.51 %.The results of GC HRMS revealed that, the gasoline range hydrocarbon oil obtained by catalytic co-pyrolysis contained 17.65 % Cycloalkanes, 6.131 % alcohols, 31.75 % esters and 32.68 % alkenes.

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Park, Yeongsu, Tomoaki Namioka, Kunio Yoshikawa, Seonah Roh, and Woohyun Kim. "213 Catalytic Reforming of Model Compounds of Pyrolysis Tars(International session)." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2008.18 (2008): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2008.18.209.

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Park, Young-Kwon, Se Jeong Lim, Muhammad Zain Siddiqui, Jong-Ki Jeon, Kyung-Seun Yoo, and Young-Min Kim. "The Use of Low Cost Nanoporous Catalysts on the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 4121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19198.

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This study evaluated the feasibility of low-cost nanoporous catalysts, such as dolomite and red mud, on the production of aromatic hydrocarbons via the catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Compared to the non-catalytic pyrolysis of PET, catalytic pyrolysis over both dolomite and red mud produced larger amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons owing to their catalytic cracking efficiency and decarboxylation efficiency. Between the two catalysts, red mud, having a larger BET surface area and higher basicity than dolomite, showed higher efficiency for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons.

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39

Trifirò, Ferruccio. "Biorefinery via Catalytic Upgraded Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass." Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 2-4 (July 30, 2021): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.652-417.

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Energy can be produced from biomass by biochemical, biological and thermal process. Pyrolysis is a thermal process that operate at temperature between 400-600C in absence of oxygen or with very low amount, to produce a bio-oil, char and gas. The best technology is fast pyrolysis that produce higher amount of liquid bio-oil, particularly 75% of liquid, -at 500oC without oxygen, contact time lesser 2sec a drying of biomass till 10%, with dimension of particles of biomass of 3mm, using mainly bubbling fluid bed, However the bio-oil obtained with fast pyrolysis present a lot drawbacks: it presents a high amount of oxygen, high acidity, high viscosity, high moisture and chemical instability. Fast pyrolysis can be upgraded operating in the presence of a catalyst (in-situ) or with a downstream catalytic reactor to the that one of fast pyrolysis (ex situ). Besides it is possible upgrade the bio-oil transforming it in fuels and chemical products realizing the catalytic pyrolysis in presence of H2 (hydropyrolysis) or realizing hydrodeoxygenation reactions downstream the fast pyrolysis or using as reductants wastes from plastics, from rubber of tires or from organic wastes in order to realize a catalytic co-pyrolysis.

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Park, Young-Kwon, Myung Lang Yoo, and Sung Hoon Park. "Effects of Acid Characteristics of Nanoporous MCM-48 on the Pyrolysis Product Distribution of Waste Pepper Stem." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/596584.

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Nanoporous catalysts Si-MCM-48 and Al-MCM-48 were applied for the first time to the catalytic pyrolysis of waste pepper stem. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 550°C using Py-GC/MS to examine the product distribution rapidly. Phenolics were shown to be the most abundant product species of noncatalytic pyrolysis, whereas aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were produced marginally. On the other hand, much larger quantities of furans and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were produced from the catalytic pyrolysis over MCM-48, while the production of phenolics was suppressed significantly. Al-MCM-48 showed a much higher catalytic activity than Si-MCM-48, which was attributed to its much higher acidity. The results of this study indicate that valuable chemicals can be produced from waste pepper stem using catalytic pyrolysis over an acidic nanoporous catalyst.

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Muhammad, Ishaka, and George Manos. "Improving the Conversion of Biomass in Catalytic Pyrolysis via Intensification of Biomass—Catalyst Contact by Co-Pressing." Catalysts 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11070805.

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Biomass pyrolysis is a promising technology for fuel and chemical production from an abundant renewable source. It takes place usually in two stages; non-catalytic pyrolysis with further catalytic upgrading of the formed pyrolysis oil. The direct catalytic pyrolysis of biomass reduces the pyrolysis temperature, increase the yield to target products and improves their quality. However, in such one-stage process the contact between biomass and solid catalyst particles is poor leading to an excessively high degree of pure thermal pyrolysis reactions. The aim of this study was to enhance the catalyst-biomass contact via co-pressing of biomass and catalyst particles as a pre-treatment method. Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass components with HY and USY zeolites was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as experiments in a pyrolysis reactor. The liquid and coke yields were characterized using gas chromatography, and TGA respectively. The TGA results showed that the degradation of the co-pressed cellulose occurred at lower temperatures compared to the pure thermal degradation, as well as catalytic degradation of non-pretreated cellulose. All biomass components produced better results using the co-pressing method, where the liquid yields increased while coke/char yields decreased. Bio-oil from catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose with HY catalyst mainly produced heavier fractions, while in the presence of USY catalyst medium fraction was mainly produced within the gasoline range. For hemicellulose catalytic pyrolysis, the catalysts had similar effects in enhancing the lighter fraction, but specifically, HY showed higher selectivity to middle fraction while USY has produced higher percentage of lighter fraction. Using with both catalysts, co-pressing had the best effect of eliminating the heavier fraction and improving the gasoline range fraction. Spent catalyst from co-pressed sample had lower concentrations of coke/char components due to the shorter residence times of volatiles, which suppresses the occurrence of secondary reactions leading to coke/char formations.

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Kang, Wenyue, and Zhijun Zhang. "Selective Production of Acetic Acid via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Hexoses over Potassium Salts." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050502.

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Glucose and fructose are widely available and renewable resources. They were used to prepare acetic acid (AA) under the catalysis of potassium acetate (KAc) by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The TGA result showed that the KAc addition lowered the glucose’s thermal decomposition temperatures (about 30 °C for initial decomposition temperature and 40 °C for maximum mass loss rate temperature), implying its promotion of glucose’s decomposition. The Py-GC/MS tests illustrated that the KAc addition significantly altered the composition and distribution of hexose pyrolysis products. The maximum yield of AA was 52.1% for the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of glucose/KAc (1:0.25 wt/wt) mixtures at 350 °C for 30 s. Under the same conditions, the AA yield obtained from fructose was 48% and it increased with the increasing amount of KAc. When the ratio reached to 1:1, the yield was 53.6%. In comparison, a study of in situ and on-line catalytic methods showed that KAc can not only catalyze the primary cracking of glucose, but also catalyze the cracking of a secondary pyrolysis stream. KAc plays roles in both physical heat transfer and chemical catalysis.

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43

Raveh-Amit, Hadas, Florent Lemont, Gabriela Bar-Nes, Ofra Klein-BenDavid, Nissim Banano, Svetlana Gelfer, Patrice Charvin, Tahriri Bin Rozaini, Johann Sedan, and François Rousset. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of High-Density Polyethylene: Decomposition Efficiency and Kinetics." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020140.

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Organic waste is generally characterized by high volume-to-weight ratios, requiring implementation of waste minimization processes. In the present study, the decomposition of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), was studied under thermal and catalytic pyrolysis conditions on two experimental systems. Firstly, pyrolytic conditions for HDPE decomposition were optimized in a laboratory-scale batch reactor. In order to maximize gas yields and minimize secondary waste, the effects of aluminosilicate catalysts, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature on decomposition efficiency were examined. Secondly, kinetics and reaction temperatures were studied on a large capacity thermobalance, especially adjusted to perform experiments under pyrolytic conditions at a larger scale (up to 20 g). The addition of catalysts was shown to enhance polymer decomposition, demonstrated by higher gas conversions. Condensable yields could be further minimized by increasing the catalyst to polymer ratio from 0.1 to 0.2. The most prominent reduction in pyrolysis temperature was obtained over ZSM-5 catalysts with low Si/Al ratios; however, this impact was accompanied by a slower reaction rate. Of the zeolites tested, the ZSM-5 catalyst with a Si/Al of 25 was found to be the most efficient catalyst for waste minimization and organic destruction, leading to high gas conversions (~90 wt%.) and a 30-fold reduction in solid waste mass.

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Wang, Lu, Hanwu Lei, Jian Liu, and Quan Bu. "Thermal decomposition behavior and kinetics for pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of Douglas fir." RSC Advances 8, no. 4 (2018): 2196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12187c.

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Kolesnikov, S. I., S. N. Babaev, A. I. Lavrenchuk, A. V. Muradov, and M. Yu Kil’yanov. "Catalytic petrol pyrolysis on sillimanite." Proceedings of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, no. 3 (2020): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33285/2073-9028-2020-3(300)-72-84.

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Dadaeva, G. Ch, A. A. Yusif-zade, and S. A. Mamedkhanova. "CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS ON AZERBAIJAN ZEOLITS." Theoretical & Applied Science 82, no. 02 (February 28, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2020.02.82.10.

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Morrison, Rowan N., Daniel E. Vasquez, Greg J. Griffin, and Donavan C. O. Marney. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 3009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.3009.

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Pyrolysis of dried sewage sludge samples treated with the additives silica zeolite, calcium oxide, dolomite, ammonium sulphate or diammonium sulphate were conducted by thermal gravimetric anaysis (TGA). The pyrolysis of the untreated sewage sludge showed four regions in which differential thermal gravimetry (DTG) peaks was observed. These peaks were identified as being due to: dehydration of the physically bound water in the sludge; chemical dehydration of carbohydrates in the sludge; decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and proteins in the sludge, and; decomposition of lignin and plastics in the sludge. Addition of chemical additives changed the mass-loss due to chemical dehydration, with the dolomite additive reducing the mass-loss and AS or DAP increasing the mass-loss. AS and DAP also changed the mass-loss kinetics of the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose. At temperatures greater than 750°C, the proportion of sludge converted to char was unaffected by the type of additive used. The observed mass-loss data was modelled with a three or four step kinetic mechanism; the calculated kinetic parameters are reported.

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Aho, A., N. Kumar, K. Eränen, T. Salmi, B. Holmbom, P. Backman, M. Hupa, and D. Yu Murzin. "Catalytic pyrolysis of woody biomass." Biofuels 1, no. 2 (March 2010): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bfs.09.26.

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Dickerson, Theodore, and Juan Soria. "Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis: A Review." Energies 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2013): 514–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en6010514.

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Sharma, Ramesh K., and Narendra N. Bakhshi. "Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis oil." Energy & Fuels 7, no. 2 (March 1993): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00038a022.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Catalytic pyrolysis'

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