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Journal articles on the topic 'Cataract extraction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Naz, Shagufta, Nimrah Fiaz Sandhu, Eesha Sajjad, Saima Sharif, and Iram Arshad. "Prevalence of Congenital Cataract and Lens Extraction in Lahore Population." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 03 (September 15, 2022): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603224.

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Congenital cataracts account for one-third of infant blindness globally and are one of the leading cause of vision loss in children. A retrospective study was performed between October 2020 and April 2021 on congenital cataract patients of Lahore visited ophthalmologic consultation at the Al Ehsaan eye hospital, General Hospital and Mayo hospital. The purpose of the study was to find the prevalence of congenital cataract in children. About 100 cases of congenital cataract including both male and female children were identified from age group of 1-13years. Congenital cataract was diagnosed using Snellen’s visual acuity test, ophthalmoscope and slit lamp test. Male children showed greater prevalence of congenital cataract as compared to female children. The prevalence of congenital cataract in male children was 55% (n=55) while among female children, it was 45% (n=45). Both conditions of unilateral and bilateral congenital cataract were observed with incidence of 46% (n=46) and 54% (n=54) in male and female children respectively. Lens extraction was also done in 94% (n=94) and after surgery 55% (n=52) patients showed positive response and 45% (n=42) patient had negative response for light perception. Moreover, most patients of congenital cataracts were of less than 1 year of age group. It was concluded congenital cataract may lead to childhood blindness if not treated on time.

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Appelboam, Helen. "Canine cataracts." Companion Animal 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2023.0053.

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The intraocular lens is uniquely designed to aid focused vision, and diseases of the lens such as cataracts are a common cause of blindness in dogs. The causes of cataracts are discussed including the main aetiologies such as hereditary cataract, senile and diabetic cataracts. The article focuses on dogs, as cataracts are less common in cats, although traumatic cataracts and rarely, inherited, congenital and developmental cataracts do occur in felines. The article discusses ways to examine and classify a cataract; the best way to diagnose an early cataract is examination with a veterinary ophthalmologist. Early detection is important, as it is not advised to breed from dogs affected with hereditary cataracts. Surgical extraction is currently the only method to remove a cataract and restore vision, and the common complications of cataract surgery are also explored.

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Rahman, Nurul Aini Abdul, and Ameilia Ahmad. "Double rosette cataract: a case report." Malaysian Journal of Ophthalmology 4, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/myjo.v4i1.178.

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Cataract is commonly seen in the elderly population and is a major cause of blindness in Malaysia. The most common morphological types of cataracts associated with the elderly are cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataract. Rosette cataracts are commonly associated with blunt trauma. We report a case of a patient who presented with unilateral, non-traumatic, double rosette cataract. He successfully underwent cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and the final visual outcome was good.

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4

Schwab, Ivan R. "Cataract Extraction." Archives of Ophthalmology 106, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140218027.

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5

Sobczak, Anna Maria, Bartosz Bohaterewicz, Magdalena Fafrowicz, Aleksandra Zyrkowska, Natalia Golonka, Aleksandra Domagalik, Ewa Beldzik, et al. "Brain Functional Network Architecture Reorganization and Alterations of Positive and Negative Affect, Experiencing Pleasure and Daytime Sleepiness in Cataract Patients after Intraocular Lenses Implantation." Brain Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101275.

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Background: Cataracts are associated with progressive blindness, and despite the decline in prevalence in recent years, it remains a major global health problem. Cataract extraction is reported to influence not only perception, attention and memory but also daytime sleepiness, ability to experience pleasure and positive and negative affect. However, when it comes to the latter, the magnitude and prevalence of this effect still remains uncertain. The current study aims to evaluate the hemodynamic basis of daytime sleepiness, ability to experience pleasure and positive and negative affect in cataract patients after the intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods: Thirty-four cataract patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging evaluation before and after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Both global and local graph metrics were calculated in order to investigate the hemodynamic basis of excessive sleepiness (ESS), experiencing pleasure (SHAPS) as well as positive and negative affect (PANAS) in cataract patients. Results: Eigenvector centrality and clustering coefficient alterations associated with cataract extraction are significantly correlated with excessive sleepiness, experiencing pleasure as well as positive and negative affect. Conclusions: The current study reveals the hemodynamic basis of sleepiness, pleasure and affect in patients after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. The aforementioned mechanism constitutes a proof for changes in functional network activity associated with postoperative vision improvement.

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Rambhatla, Saptagirish, Srushti Bagde, Shashidhar VS, Samya Mujeeb, and Rajendra P. Maurya. "Combined intraocular and oculofacial surgeries." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.044.

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: Traditionally, a ‘combined surgery’ for ophthalmologists includes combined cataract extraction with other intraocular surgeries. However, literature is lacking on oculofacial procedures (eyelid, brow lift and facial surgery) combined with cataract extraction. : With this study, we aim to analyse the possibility and feasibility of simultaneous cataract and Oculoplastic procedures. Patients with operable cataracts and non-infective oculoplastic lesions, consenting to undergo simultaneous procedures were included in the study. We performed combined cataract and oculoplastic procedures in 122 patients, out of which 53 were males and 69 were females, 73 were ipsilateral and 49 contralateral eyes. The postoperative follow-up period was 1 month. We did not note any hemorrhage/ hematoma in any of our patients undergoing combined procedures. No post-operative ocular inflammation/ infection was noted after cataract extraction. We found that the combined procedure of ptosis under/ over correction with cataract extraction had no bearing on visual outcomes as compared to routine cataract outcomes. We noted no under or over-correction in patients undergoing ptosis correction. : Simultaneous extra-ocular and phacoemulsification is an option for patients reluctant for multistage procedures either by choice or medical recommendations. It is also an alternative for patients with poor medical compliance and works in favour of ergonomics and economy.

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7

Salama, Marwa M., Sherif A. GamalElDin, and Malak I. ElShazly. "Endothelial Cell Loss, Cumulative Dissipated Energy, and Surgically Induced Astigmatism in Sutureless Scleral Tunnel Phaco-Assisted Cataract Extraction in Advanced Cataracts." Journal of Ophthalmology 2022 (May 17, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4272571.

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Purpose. To evaluate sutureless scleral tunnel phaco-assisted cataract extraction in regards to the cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) used, the resulting endothelial cell loss (ECL), and the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in advanced cataracts. Methods. A prospective interventional uncontrolled case series was performed. Patients with advanced cataracts according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) had sutureless scleral tunnel phaco-assisted cataract extraction. They were followed up one week, one month, and 3 months postoperatively for SIA and ECL. The used CDE was recorded. Results. The study included 198 eyes: 36 eyes (18.2%) with LOCS III grade nuclear opalescence (NO4) cataracts, 102 eyes (51.5%) with LOCS III grade NO5, and 60 eyes (30.3%) with LOCS III grade NO6. Three months postoperatively, the mean SIA was 0.94 ± 0.71D. The endothelial cell density (ECD) was reduced significantly to 2341.31 ± 471 cells/mm2 ( p = 0.0001 ) with a mean ECL of 5.39%. The mean CDE and ECL% were 0.174 ± 0.46 U/S (2.07%), 0.859 ± 0.42 U/S (5.01%), and 2.306 ± 0.89 U/S (8.01%) in LOCS III grade NO4, NO5, and NO6, respectively. The overall mean CDE was 1.17 ± 0.99 U/S, which was significantly correlated with the ECL ( p = 0.0001 ). Conclusion. Sutureless scleral tunnel phaco-assisted cataract extraction in advanced cataracts enabled reduction in CDE with good preservation of the ECD and acceptable SIA.

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8

Caputo, Anthony R., Suqin Guo, Rudolph S. Wagner, and William H. Constad. "A Modified Extracapsular Cataract Extraction for Pediatric Cataracts." Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina 21, no. 6 (June 1990): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1542-8877-19900601-05.

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9

Rosen, P. H., J. M. Twomey, and C. M. Kirkness. "Endocapsular cataract extraction." Eye 3, no. 6 (November 1989): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1989.103.

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10

Miller, S. "Extracapsular Cataract Extraction." British Journal of Ophthalmology 69, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.69.2.154-a.

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11

Williams, Henry W. "Cataract Extraction Operations." Archives of Ophthalmology 114, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130474023.

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12

Sutyawan, Wayan Eka, Ida Ayu Putri Widiastuti, and Christopher Ryalino. "Steroid Induced Cataract in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Patient." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 6 (March 28, 2019): 1025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.233.

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BACKGROUND: Cataract is an opacification of the lens. Pediatric cataracts can be congenital or acquired. Acquired cataract including the one caused by corticosteroid used. It occurred as bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts and tended to be progressive. Treatment of choice is lens extraction with or without intraocular lens (IOL). CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of posterior subcapsular cataract that occurs in a patient with Langerhans cell histiocytosis that was using corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION: The routine ophthalmologic examination should be performed in children who received treatment with corticosteroids in the long term so that with early detection it can be given early treatment.

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13

Terekhova, T. V., Y. D. Glumskova, and E. V. Lomakina. "The results of complex treatment of obscuration amblyopia in children after extraction of congenital cataracts." Russian ophthalmology of children, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2307-6658-2022-2-13-19.

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Purpose. To evaluate the dynamics of obscuration amblyopia complex treatment in children after congenital cataract lens extraction. Material and methods. We analyzed the case histories of 107 patients from the period of 2016 to 2020, who were diagnosed with congenital cataract, aged 3 to 14 years. There were 84 children (78.5%) with unilateral cataracts who underwent the surgery, and 23 children (21.5%) with bilateral cataracts. All patients were divided into two groups. The first group (main group) included 56 patients (69 eyes) with congenital cataracts, who underwent intraocular lens implantation with repeated pleopto-orthoptic treatment in the postoperative period. The average age was 4.68±2.91 years. Control group included 51 patients (61 eyes) with congenital cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification of congenital cataracts with implantation of an intraocular lens without pleopto-orthoptic treatment in the postoperative period. The average age was 4.81±2.79 years. Results. By the end of the follow-up period, an increase in visual acuity to 0.2 and higher in patients of the main group was noted in 73.9% of cases (51 eyes), in the control group – in 44.3% of cases (27 eyes) (p<0.05). As a result of treatment, central fixation was restored in 38% of patients in the main group, in 20% of patients in the control group (p<0.05). Binocular near vision was developed in 34% of patients in the main group, in 18% of patients in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. Complex treatment, including regular pleoptoorthoptic treatment in combination with optical correction, direct occlusion after congenital cataract extraction, demonstrated positive clinical results, which was expressed in an increase of visual acuity, restoration of central fixation, and the development of binocular vision. Key words: obscuration amblyopia, congenital cataract, pleopto-orthoptic treatment, visual functions

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14

Thevi, T., and A. L. Abas. "Towards Vision 2020 -Trends of Cataract Surgery in Melaka Hospital, A Malaysian Tertiary Center: 2007-2014." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 18, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v18i2.33221.

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Background Cataract surgery which is the only scientific method to treat cataracts has evolved from large incisions of intracapsular cataract excision to extracapsular cataract excision and now modern day phacoemulsification. Anaesthesia too has progressed from general anaesthesia to local and topical anaesthesia. A variety of intraocular lenses are available ranging from rigid to foldable, multifocal and toric. Day care surgeries are becoming the norm these days. Objective Cataract surgery has advanced with new techniques and modalities. We studied the trends of cataract surgery and outcomes over the years. Method We performed secondary data analysis (National Eye Database) of cataract surgery patients in Hospital Melaka (2007 - 2014). Result Most patients were 60-69 years (mean 65.0 years). Primary cataract rose (p<0.05) but there was no difference in laterality and first or second eye (p>0.05). More patients presented with Hypertension and Diabetes (p<0.05). Pterygium encroaching the cornea showed a rise (p<0.05). Phacoemulsification (80.8%) showed a rise while Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) (15.4%) declined (p<0.05). More Specialists operated and fewer combined surgeries were performed (p<0.001). Type of anaesthesia did not change (p>0.05). Operative complications reduced (p<0.001). Anterior chamber, scleral fixated and foldable intraocular lenses usage reduced (p<0.05). There was no change in pre-operative visual acuity (p>0.05) but post-operative vision showed a rise in good outcomes (p<0.05). Conclusion Melaka Hospital shows a rise in phacoemulsification and a decline in Extracapsular Cataract Extraction. More patients presented with primary cataracts. More Specialists operated and there was a reduction in intraoperative and postoperative complications. Post-operative visual outcomes showed a remarkable improvement. This improvement is in keeping with the aim of improved vision for all by 2020.

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Marcelino, Yosia Swastika, and Achmad Solichin. "Deteksi Mata Katarak Berdasarkan Tekstur Gray Gray Level Co-Ocurrence Matrix Dengan Metode Self Organizing Map." PETIR 16, no. 2 (November 17, 2023): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/petir.v16i2.2104.

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Cataracts are a common eye problem in Indonesia. Untreated cataracts are the main cause of blindness and the most dominant vision impairment in Indonesia among people over 50 years old, with a proportion reaching 77.7%. Regular eye examinations are necessary to prevent cataracts, but there are obstacles due to the availability of equipment and the cost of eye examinations. Therefore, an efficient and effective cataract detection system is needed. This study aims to detect cataracts in the eyes by utilizing a dataset of eyes from the internet. This research uses RGB and HSV feature extraction combined with the GLCM extraction method. The Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method describes the spatial relationship between pixel intensities in an image. With the GLCM matrix, texture information can be extracted from eye images. The Self Organizing Map (SOM) method performs learning based on feature extraction obtained from previously labeled eye images. Based on the test results, this study successfully detects cataract and normal eyes. With the greatest accuracy achieved in the comparison of 80% training data and 20% test data with dimension size = [2 2] and maximum iterations of 100, the highest accuracy of 90% was obtained.

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Ahmad, Fawad, Mohammad Aamir Khan, Shahid Nazeer, Zubair Ullah Khan, Muhammad Usman Arshad, and Sohail Zia. "Outcome of Phacoemulsification and Extracapsular Cataract Extraction." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1063–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221641063.

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Objective: Aim was to compare the visual results of patients who received ECCE and phacoemulsification for the treatment of age-related cataracts. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Conducted at Jinnah International Hospital during from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2021. Methods:There were 130 patients of both genders presented for cataract surgery. Patients were aged between 35-75 years.When patients signed an informed permission form, demographic information such as age and sex were recorded. Patients were equally divided in two groups. Group I received phacoemulsification (phaco) cataract surgery and group II received conventional extracapsular cataract extraction. Intraoperative and post-operative complication among cases was assessed. At last follow up best corrected visual acuity was assessed and compared among both groups. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results:Among 130 cases, majority of the cases 85 (65.4%) were males and 45 (34.6%) were females. 15 (11.5%) patients were aged between 35-45 years, 45 (34.6%) patients were aged between 46-55 years, 38 (29.2%) were aged between 56-6 years and 32 (24.6%) had age > 65years. Post-operative we found significantly good vision among patients of phaco group in 54 (83.1%) cases as compare to group II in 31 (47.7%) cases. Frequency of intraoperative complications was higher in group II 9 (13.8%) as compared to group I 3 (4.6%) cases. Post-operative complications in group I was corneal decompensation, high astigmatism and posterior capsule opacity but in group II high astigmatism and corneal decompensation were the complications. Conclusion:We came to the conclusion that the visual outcome was considerably better in the Phaco operation compared to the ECCE technique (p = 0.003). As a result, we advocate for the provision of Phaco equipment in hospitals that have sufficient capabilities for the performance of intraocular surgery. Keywords:PhacoemulsificationSurgery, Extracapsular cataract extraction, Complications, Vision Acuity

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M.C., Odinkemelu,, Megwas, A.U., and Azuamah, Y.C. "Effect of Cataract Extraction with Intraocular Lens Implant on Contrast Sensitivity, Colour Vision and Photostress Recovery Time." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230237.

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A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that can lead to a reduction in vision and visual functions. This study was a clinical study aimed at determining the effect of cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implant on contrast sensitivity, color vision and photostress recovery time. A total of 70 patients who visited Ajeromi General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria were used for the study. Contrast sensitivity was assessed using the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart. The colour vision of the subjects was assessed using Ishihara Pseudochromatic colour vision chart and the photostress recovery time was assessed using a bright ophthalmoscope light. Results showed that the mean contrast sensitivity of the subjects before cataract extraction with IOL implant was 1.04±0.08. After cataract extraction, the mean was 2.19±0.07. The mean colour vision test value before cataract extraction with IOL implant was 14.41±0.53. After cataract extraction, the mean was 16.00±0.00. The mean Photostress Recovery Time before cataract extraction with IOL implant was 55.77±1.81 seconds. After cataract extraction, the mean was 29.11±0.83 seconds. SPSS data analysis with the Paired sample T-Test at 0.05 level of significance showed a significant improvement (P<0.05) in contrast sensitivity, color vision and photostress recovery time before and after cataract extraction with IOL implant. It was recommended that all patients with monocular and bilateral cataract be referred for cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implant. Keywords: Cataract, Intraocular lens, Contrast sensitivity, Color vision, Photostress recovery time

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Gahramanov, Hafiz, Gabil Zulfiyev, Gurban Ismayilov, and Leyla Alizade. "The first cataract extraction operations." InterConf, no. 28(137) (December 20, 2022): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.12.2022.026.

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Abstract.The first written record of cataract surgery dates back to 2250 BC, when King Hammurabi of Babylon created a law regarding the outcome of cataract surgery. The first detailed description of cataract surgery was written by an Indian ophthalmologist Maharishi Sushruta in the sixth century BC. Sushruta performed the first couching - reclining operations. "Couching" means that the blurred lens is embedded in the vitreous, or fundus of the eye. At that time, because the scientists had no idea about the structure of the lens and the pathogenesis of the cataract, they believed that the cataract was a membrane in the pupil area and tried to cut it. They wanted to enter the anterior camera with a sharp instrument and tear the "membrane". In the 10th century AD, the Iraqian ophthalmologist Ammar Al-Mawsili began using a new method in cataract surgery - the "suction" method. Ammar Al-Mawsili was the first to say that cataract is blurring of the lens. Ammar ibn Ali Al-Mawsili first invented a hollow thin metal needles with sharp points for syringes. Through that needle, Ammar entered the eye through the sclera behind the limbus and suctioned out the contents of the soft cataract. These operations performed by Ammar Al-Mawsili are considered to be the first successful extraction operations in the history of ophthalmology. In 1748, Jacques Daviel made a right-sided widely corneal incision, passed through the pupil with a small spatula, and extracted the lens from the posterior chamber. CONCLUSION. Cataract extraction, that is, operations based on removing the clouded lens from the eye rather than destroying it inside the eye, was first performed by Ammar ibn Ali Al-Mosuli. Today's cataract surgery is based on Jacques Daviell's extraction technique. But as modern ophthalmology advances, the ultimate goal of ophthalmic surgeons is to reduce the size of the incision for removing the cloudy lens to the size of a needle tip. This means that cataract surgery has progressed from the Daviel technique to the Ammar technique.

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Jimmy Zitha, Amukelani, and Nishanee Rampersad. "Cataract surgery outcomes: comparison of the extracapsular cataract extraction and manual small incision cataract surgery techniques." African Health Sciences 22, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i1.72.

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Background: Blindness and visual impairment are public health problems and constitute an important socio-economic burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the outcomes of cataract surgery will improve our knowledge of risk factors for poor outcomes. Previous studies have focused exclusively on the phacoemulsification technique with limited attention to the extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) techniques. Objectives: To compare the cataract surgery outcomes between the ECCE and MSICS techniques. Methods: The study was an observational research design that used the LogMAR visual acuity (VA) chart, subjective refraction, slit lamp and ophthalmoscope to collect data. The participants were followed for a period of six-weeks post-surgery and outcomes were recorded. Data were presented using frequencies, percentages and means ± standard deviation. Results: The sample included 101 participants, with a mean age of 66.32 ± 15.99 years. Fifty and 51 participants had undergone the ECCE and MSICS techniques respectively. Overall, one-hundred participants had poor pre-surgery VA and subjective refractions were generally not possible due to the severity of cataracts present. The mean aided post-surgery VA was 0.31 LogMAR and 0.13 LogMAR in the ECCE and MSICS groups respectively (p < 0.001). The mean post-surgery refractive astigmatism was similar in the ECCE (-2.06 D) and MSICS (-1.80 D) groups (p = 0.110). The spherical equivalence was approximately -0.50 D higher in the MSICS group, but not statistically significant (p = 0.330). Approximately one out of every five participants (n = 21) had post-surgery ocular complications such as corneal opacity and haziness as well as posterior capsular absence. Conclusions: The MSICS technique showed better post-surgery outcomes than the ECCE technique. Keywords: Cataract surgery outcomes; extracapsular cataract surgery; manual small incision cataract surgery; ocular complications.

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SYED, SARFRAZ HUSAIN, MUHAMMAD ARIF, and DR MUHAMMAD SULTAN. "CATARACT." Professional Medical Journal 17, no. 03 (September 10, 2010): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.03.2517.

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Objective: To observe the tendency of corticosteroids to raise the intraocular pressure after prolonged use of 0.1% dexamethasone eye drops during post operative period of cataract extraction. Study Design: Observational study. Period: From August 2008 to December 2009. Subjects and Setting: In the study 50 patients were included. These patients had age related cataract in one or both eyes. The IOP of every patient was measured preoperatively with the help of Goldman applanation tonometer. After cataract extraction, every patient received 0.1% dexamethasone eye drops four times a day for one month. The IOP was measured fortnightly. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad and the clinics of the authors. Results: Topical administration of 0.1% Dexamethasone Eye Drops ,four times a day for one month after age related cataract extraction caused elevation of intraocular pressure more than 21 mm Hg in 8% of general population.

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Duong, Hon-Vu Q. "Alternative Pharmacotherapy Paradigm to Cataract Surgery." US Ophthalmic Review 05, no. 01 (2012): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usor.2012.05.01.48.

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Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide and cataract extraction is the treatment of choice and leads to an improvement in the quality of life. Surgical techniques are refined and complex and yield an extremely high rate of success with a short recovery period. To further maximize surgical outcomes, post-operative treatments of uncomplicated cataract extraction include three topical pharmaceutical agents: an antimicrobial, a potent corticosteroid, and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Studies have shown the importance of antimicrobial prophylaxis in reducing ocular infection and endophthalmitis with the use of the newer generation of fluoroquinolones. Furthermore, the usages of topical corticosteroids and NSAIDs have reduced and prevented anterior chamber inflammation and macular edema, respectively. The regimen, however, varies among ophthalmologists because of a lack of published data that establishes the optimal regimen. Although the technological advances in cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) development are well documented, the pre-, peri-, and post-operative treatment paradigm since the 1970s and 1980s has not deviated much until recently, with the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery endophthalmitis study and other studies addressing the necessity of topical steroid. Also rising costs, better surgical technologies, and advancements in IOL development, should ophthalmologists maintain a three-drug regimen post-surgery or tailor the post-operative management to the individual patient?

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Gills, James P. "ANESTHESIA FOR CATARACT EXTRACTION." Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina 17, no. 3 (March 1986): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1542-8877-19860301-11.

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23

Bouffard, Marc A., and Dean M. Cestari. "Diplopia after Cataract Extraction." Seminars in Ophthalmology 33, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2017.1353806.

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Davis, David B., and Mark R. Mandel. "Anesthesia for Cataract Extraction." International Ophthalmology Clinics 34, no. 2 (1994): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004397-199403420-00003.

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25

Strominger, Mitchell B. "Diplopia Following Cataract Extraction." American Orthoptic Journal 54, no. 1 (January 2004): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/aoj.54.1.120.

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Chen, Sherleen, and Evangelos Gragoudas. "Complications of cataract extraction." Seminars in Ophthalmology 17, no. 3-4 (January 2002): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/soph.17.3.101.14777.

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Hughes, E. H., F. E. Mellington, and L. A. Whitefield. "Aqualase for cataract extraction." Eye 21, no. 2 (November 25, 2005): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702162.

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Sharma, Tarun K., and Therese Worstmann. "Simultaneous bilateral cataract extraction." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 27, no. 5 (May 2001): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(00)00741-0.

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Henderson, Bonnie An, Thomas A. Oetting, Erynn Bo Yang, Jessica K. Rankin, Maria M. Aaron, Zijin Yang, Geoffrey Broocker, and Preston H. Blomquist. "Teaching Manual Cataract Extraction." Ophthalmology 119, no. 10 (October 2012): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.05.025.

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McCLELLAN, K., D. J. COSTER, P. R. BADENOCH, R. SANDERS, E. CHANDRARATNAM, and A. KUPA. "ENDOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING CATARACT EXTRACTION." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 1 (February 1987): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.1987.tb01778.x.

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Gargano, Betsy. "Cataract Extraction Listing Inaccurate." AORN Journal 47, no. 5 (May 1988): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)66040-2.

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Nathanson, Susan. "Cataract Extraction Listing Inaccurate." AORN Journal 47, no. 5 (May 1988): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)66041-4.

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Smiddy, William E., Walter J. Stark, Ronald G. Michels, A. Edward Maumenee, Arlo C. Terry, and Bert M. Glaser. "Cataract Extraction after Vitrectomy." Ophthalmology 94, no. 5 (May 1987): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33420-7.

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Rohrbach, Jens Martin, Manfred Zierhut, and Hans-Jürgen Thiel. "Cataract Extraction in Uveitis." European journal of Implant and Refractive Surgery 7, no. 6 (December 1995): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-3681(13)80391-7.

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Ramsay, Alan L., Charles J. M. Diaper, Shanmugam N. Saba, Zeidoon A. Y. Beirouty, and Hussain H. Fawzi. "Simultaneous bilateral cataract extraction." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 25, no. 6 (June 1999): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(99)00035-8.

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Tarkkanen, Ahti. "PSEUDOEXFOLIATION AND CATARACT EXTRACTION." Acta Ophthalmologica 42, no. 2 (May 27, 2009): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1964.tb03629.x.

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Miettinen, P., K. Ursin, P. J. Pöntinen, and R. Eerola. "NEUROLEPTANALGESIA IN CATARACT EXTRACTION." Acta Ophthalmologica 42, no. 2 (May 27, 2009): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1964.tb03632.x.

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FAHMY, J. A. "ENDOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING CATARACT EXTRACTION." Acta Ophthalmologica 53, no. 4 (May 27, 2009): 522–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1975.tb01772.x.

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Smith, R. J. "Endophthalmitis following cataract extraction." British Journal of Ophthalmology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.73.6.401.

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Robinson, G. A., and A. Nylander. "Warfarin and cataract extraction." British Journal of Ophthalmology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 702–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.73.9.702.

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Rothman, Adam L., and Rachel H. Lee. "Cataract Extraction in Glaucoma." International Ophthalmology Clinics 63, no. 4 (2023): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iio.0000000000000481.

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Morales-Fernández, Laura, José María Martínez-de-la-Casa, Blanca Benito-Pascual, Federico Saénz-Francés, Enrique Santos-Bueso, Pedro Arriola-Villalobos, Julio Escribano-Martínez, and Julián García-Feijoo. "Cataract extraction in patients with primary congenital glaucoma." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 3 (April 7, 2019): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119841190.

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Objective: To assess incidence and risk factors of cataract extraction in patients with primary congenital glaucoma, surgical outcome, and complications. Material and method: Retrospective cohort study, in which 108 patients with primary congenital glaucoma were included. Data collected were need for cataract extraction and at what age, intraocular pressure at diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma, required antiglaucomatous surgeries, possible mutation in the CYP1B1 gene, and final visual acuity. Among the patients who required cataract extraction were visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and complications, evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. The data were analysed with STATA. Results: A total of 198 eyes of 108 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 8 years (range: 5–53). In all, 32 eyes (16.2%) of 24 patients (22%) required cataract extraction. The median age for cataract extraction was 12.94 years (interquartile range: 2.42–22). The main identified risk factors associated with cataract extraction were antiglaucomatous surgeries (hazard ratio 1.48, p < 0.001) and valvular implant (hazard ratio 2.78, p < 0.001). Lens was implanted in 30/32 eyes and the main complications were intraocular pressure decontrol ( n = 13), capsular fibrosis ( n = 7), corneal decompensation ( n = 4), lens subluxation ( n = 4), and endophthalmitis ( n = 1). Visual acuity improvement was observed after cataract extraction in 66.67% of eyes. Conclusions: There is a high incidence of cataract surgery in patients with primary congenital glaucoma, but generally outside of pediatric age. A greater risk of cataract extraction was identified in those patients with a greater number of antiglaucomatous surgeries, especially after valvular implantation. Despite the high rate of complications related to cataract extraction in primary congenital glaucoma, good visual improvement was observed after surgery.

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Martin, Thomas P., John W. Reed, Claudine Legault, Sheldon M. Oberfeld, Bradley G. Jacoby, David D. Yu, Alan Dickens, and Holly P. Johnson. "Cataract Formation and Cataract Extraction after Penetrating Keratoplasty." Ophthalmology 101, no. 1 (January 1994): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(13)31252-4.

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Zoric, Lepsa, Petar Aleksic, Darinka Koracevic, and Goran Trajkovic. "The aqueous humour antioxidative capacity in different types and color of the age-related cataract." Vojnosanitetski pregled 62, no. 12 (2005): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0512909z.

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Background/Aim. Oxidative stress results from increased oxidative processes, decreased antioxidative protection, or both processes simultaneously. Photooxidative stress, as a form of oxidative stress, induced by the energy of solar radiation, today is considered as crucial in the age-related cataractogenesis. Other known and unknown, endogenous and egsogenous factors that contribute to the oxidative stress intensity, can influence the cataract type and brunescence. Thus the oxidative stress intensity and its form might determine the cataract type and brunescence, and also make the efforts in cataract prevention more complex. Hence, the objective of the present paper was to investigate the current amount of antioxidative capacity in aqueous humour during the cataract genesis of different types and pigmentation of cataract. Methods. Transversal review of 80 samples of humour aqueous obtained during extracapsular cataract extraction. Aqueouses were analyzed by tiobarbituric acid (TBA) method for the total antioxidant activity estimation, expressed as %iMDA, and by using 0.1 ml of aqueous. Results. The mixed type of cataract showed the statistically significantly lower values of the intensities of antioxidative protection in aqueous humour compared to cortical and nuclear cataracts (p < 0.001, respectively). Between pure nuclear and cortical cataracts we found the small differences of the investigated parameter, but they pointed to the decreased level of antioxidative protection, i.e. the increased intensity of the aqueous humour oxidative stress in the cortical cataract type. A significant correlation between the cortical cataract maturation and the %iMDA (p < 0.05) was found. Conclusions. The role of the oxidative stress, here expressed as the antioxidative capacity of aqueous humour, could not be the same for all the cataract types. The lower level of antioxidative protection of aqueous in brunescent and mixed cataracts may point to the higher intensity of oxidative stress in those cataract types. The correlation between the cortical cataract maturity and %iMDA points to the significant decrease of the aqueous antioxidative protection in the cataract progression.

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Bakhritdinova, F., K. I. Narzikulova Kumri Islamovna, Sh A. Yusupov, and M. E. Egamberdieva. "ESTIMATION OF TOLERANCE OF A DOMESTIC NON-STEROID ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF EXTRACTION OF CATARACTS." Вісник медичних і біологічних досліджень, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2021.2.12343.

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Summary. The article discusses the efficacy and tolerability of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory domestic drug after cataract extraction, the severity of side effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The aim of the study – optimization of methods of postoperative treatment of cataracts using the domestic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Diclofenac drug, 0.1 % eye drops, produced by JV “Jurabek Laboratories” LLC. Materials and Methods. The study included patients who were at inpatient treatment at the Clinic No. 2 of the Tashkent Medical Academy. The study group included 60 people: 21 men and 39 women, the age of patients was 18–73 years. In two groups, we compared the efficacy and tolerability of domestic and foreign NSAIDs after cataract extraction. Results. The effectiveness of the complex treatment is confirmed by the reduction in the duration of relief of the main symptoms of inflammation in patients of both groups. Both drugs did not cause side effects and were well tolerated by patients. Tolerability of the treatment in the group receiving domestic NSAIDs was 93.4 %, in the group receiving foreign NSAIDs – 95.7 %. Conclusions. According to the results of our studies, it was proved that therapy after cataract extraction with the use of a domestic-made NSAID is not inferior in efficiency and tolerability to a foreign-made drug and can be used in the postoperative period of cataract.

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Upasani, Devwrath, and Pravin Tidake. "A comparative study of divide and conquer, stop and chop and direct chop techniques of nucleotomy in topical phacoemulsification: an interventional study." F1000Research 12 (September 26, 2023): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140763.1.

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Based on population research, it has been found that more than 74% of elderly individuals in India have either undergone cataract surgery or have cataracts, and women are more likely than males to acquire cataracts. A cataract is one of the primary causes of blindness in India and around the world, but it's also the leading cause of avoidable blindness. There have been many advances in cataract surgery including advancements in surgical techniques and the availability of various intra-ocular lenses for better visual rehabilitation of the patient. Phacoemulsification is now one of the most commonly used surgical techniques for cataract extraction, it is done under local anesthesia or under topical anesthesia. As with all cataract surgeries, there is corneal decompensation even with phacoemulsification. Our study aims to compare three different nucleotomy approaches used for topical phacoemulsification: Divide & Conquer, Stop & Chop, and Direct Chop. We will assess which technique yields the best visual prognosis postoperatively, causes less corneal decompensation and has fewer complications. Specular microscopy will be used in patients who are to be operated for cataract extraction. Before the operation, we can use specular microscopy to determine the number of Corneal Endothelial cells and Central Corneal Thickness of the patient. Then, after the surgery, we can conduct another specular microscopy test to compare the techniques used for nucleotomy. This will help us determine which technique results in less loss of corneal endothelial cells and less reduction in central corneal thickness. Thus, we will use specular microscopy as a diagnostic tool and also a prognostic indicator in our study. Visual acuity of the patient will be measured preoperatively and again post operatively to compare which surgical technique achieves best visual rehabilitation for the patient.

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Osigwe, Obialo Iwunze. "The effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract: A systematic review." Journal of the Nigerian Optometric Association 26, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jnoa.v26i2.7.

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Context: The effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract has been studied by many authorities and nothing concrete has been documented to encourage further discourse on followups and pharmaceutical trials. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract. Data Sources: The search engines employed include PUBMED and EBSCO research Databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, E-journals and Open Dissertations). Study Selection: The key words used were “age-related cataract”, “drug treatment”, “cataract” and “pharmacotherapy”. There was no language restriction. Studies were random controlled trials and quasi experiments that reported relative risks, odds ratios or hazard ratios with 95%CI for their reported results. Data Extraction: Independent mining of articles by one author applying already defined data fields, including study value pointers. Data Synthesis: Data was put on a spread sheet and analyzed according to the study parameters of interest. Results: 90 percent of the studies reported a measure of effects on age-related cataracts in humans and enucleated cataractous human lens nuclei, horses, dogs, and goats, and induced cataracts in rats and rabbits. Conclusions: Many substances have been researched and shown to inhibit development and progression of age-related cataract in human eyes and in selenite and diabetic cataracts in animal models. It is possible to ameliorate cataract with pharmacotherapy once the right combination of agents is discovered.

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Ali, Arsalan Akbar, Bobby Saenz, and Taj Nasser. "Cataract Surgery following Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments and Implantable Collamer Lens." Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology 1, no. 3 (June 26, 2023): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcto1030009.

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The management of cataracts in keratoconus patients poses a challenge due to the irregular corneal shape and variability in corneal topography, which may lead to errors in determining corneal power. In this report, we present a case of a 48-year-old male with a history of keratoconus and prior Visian Implantable Collamer lenses and Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments procedures, who presented with a nuclear cataract in his right eye. To address this patient’s complex case, he underwent ICL explantation, cataract extraction, and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, utilizing the Johnson & Johnson Sensar AR40 monofocal 3-piece lens with a power of −9.5. The Barrett True K formula predicted a spherical equivalent of −1.76, and at the post-operative one-month follow-up, the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/60, with pinhole improvement to 20/50. The manifest refraction was −2.50–3.25 × 145, and the best corrected visual acuity was 20/25. This case report highlights the unique challenges encountered in managing keratoconus patients with a history of prior ICL and CAIRS procedures, followed by cataract extraction. Our findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach in the management of progressive keratoconus and cataracts to ensure optimal outcomes.

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Charakidas, A., A. Kalogeraki, M. Tsilimbaris, P. Koukoulomatis, D. Brouzas, and G. Delides. "Lens Epithelial Apoptosis and Cell Proliferation in Human Age-Related Cortical Cataract." European Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 2 (March 2005): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210501500206.

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Purpose To probe the presence of apoptosis in the epithelium of human lenses with age-related cortical cataract as well as to assess cell proliferation, a predicted consequence of apoptotic cell death, in this specific cell population. Methods DNA fragmentation was assessed using terminal digoxigenin-labeled dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) in capsulotomy specimens obtained from patients who underwent either extracapsular cataract extraction for the removal of adult-onset cortical cataract (n=27) or clear lens extraction for the correction of high myopia (n=25). Cell proliferation was assayed in 23 epithelia of cataractous lenses, and 20 epithelia of non-cataractous lenses with the proliferation marker MIB1, a monoclonal antibody against the nuclear antigen Ki-67 that is detected throughout the cell cycle but is absent in the resting (G0) cell. Results TUNEL staining was observed in 25 (92.6%) specimens of cataractous lenses, whereas cells undergoing apoptosis were identified in 2 (8%) of the epithelia from non-catarac-tous lenses. Only two MIB1-positive samples were detected, one of which was a capsule obtained during intracapsular cataract extraction. Conclusions The epithelium of human lenses with cortical cataract undergoes low rate apoptotic death. This limited epithelial apoptosis is unlikely to result in any significant cell density decrease since epithelial gaps are likely to be replaced by cell proliferation at the germinative zone of the anterior lens capsule. Nevertheless, the accumulation of small-scale epithelial losses during lifetime may induce alterations in lens fiber formation and homeostasis and result in loss of lens transparency.

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Kimura, Hideya, Shin-ichiro Kuroda, Naonori Mizoguchi, Hiroo Terauchi, Miyo Matsumura, and Makoto Nagata. "Extracapsular cataract extraction with a sutureless incision for dense cataracts." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 25, no. 9 (September 1999): 1275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(99)00148-0.

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