Relevant bibliographies by topics / Catarrhini

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Catarrhini'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Catarrhini"

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Papamichos, Spyros I., Dimitrios Margaritis, and Ioannis Kotsianidis. "Adaptive Evolution Coupled with Retrotransposon Exaptation Allowed for the Generation of a Human-Protein-Specific Coding Gene That Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Both Haematological Malignancies and Solid Tumours: The Extraordinary Case ofMYEOVGene." Scientifica 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/984706.

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The incidence of cancer in human is high as compared to chimpanzee. However previous analysis has documented that numerous human cancer-related genes are highly conserved in chimpanzee. Till date whether human genome includes species-specific cancer-related genes that could potentially contribute to a higher cancer susceptibility remains obscure. This study focuses onMYEOV, an oncogene encoding for two protein isoforms, reported as causally involved in promoting cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in both haematological malignancies and solid tumours. First we document, via stringentin silicoanalysis, thatMYEOVarosede novoin Catarrhini. We show that MYEOV short-isoform start codon was evolutionarily acquired after Catarrhini/Platyrrhini divergence. Throughout the course of Catarrhini evolutionMYEOVacquired a gradually elongated translatable open reading frame (ORF), a gradually shortened translation-regulatory upstream ORF, and alternatively spliced mRNA variants. A point mutation introduced in human allowed for the acquisition of MYEOV long-isoform start codon. Second, we demonstrate the precious impact of exonized transposable elements on the creation ofMYEOVgene structure. Third, we highlight that the initial part of MYEOV long-isoform coding DNA sequence was under positive selection pressure during Catarrhini evolution.MYEOVrepresents a Primate Orphan Gene that acquired, via ORF expansion, a human-protein-specific coding potential.
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Cardone, Maria Francesca, Mariana Lomiento, Maria Grazia Teti, Doriana Misceo, Roberta Roberto, Oronzo Capozzi, Pietro D'Addabbo, Mario Ventura, Mariano Rocchi, and Nicoletta Archidiacono. "Evolutionary history of chromosome 11 featuring four distinct centromere repositioning events in Catarrhini." Genomics 90, no. 1 (July 2007): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.01.007.

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Simons, E. L., E. R. Seiffert, T. M. Ryan, and Y. Attia. "A remarkable female cranium of the early Oligocene anthropoid Aegyptopithecus zeuxis (Catarrhini, Propliopithecidae)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 21 (May 15, 2007): 8731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703129104.

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Adams, John S., Mercedes A. Gacad, Andrew J. Baker, Benjamin Gonzales, and Robert K. Rude. "Serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Platyrrhini and Catarrhini: A phylogenetic appraisal." American Journal of Primatology 9, no. 3 (1985): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350090307.

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Dobson, Seth D., and Chet C. Sherwood. "Correlated evolution of brain regions involved in producing and processing facial expressions in anthropoid primates." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0427.

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Anthropoid primates are distinguished from other mammals by having relatively large primary visual cortices (V1) and complex facial expressions. We present a comparative test of the hypothesis that facial expression processing coevolved with the expansion of V1 in anthropoids. Previously published data were analysed using phylogenetic comparative methods. The results of our study suggest a pattern of correlated evolution linking social group size, facial motor control and cortical visual processing in catarrhines, but not platyrrhines. Catarrhines that live in relatively large social groups tended to have relatively large facial motor nuclei, and relatively large primary visual cortices. We conclude that catarrhine brains are adapted for producing and processing complex facial displays.
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Roeder, Amy D., Maxime Bonhomme, Corrine Heijmans, Michael W. Bruford, Brigitte Crouau-Roy, Gaby Doxiadis, and Nel Otting. "A Large Panel of Microsatellite Markers for Genetic Studies in the Infra-Order Catarrhini." Folia Primatologica 80, no. 2 (2009): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000211121.

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Adams, John S., Mercedes A. Gacad, Robert K. Rude, Mark Deseran, David B. Endres, and Lawrence E. Mallette. "Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels in platyrrhini and catarrhini: A comparative analysis with three different assays." American Journal of Primatology 13, no. 4 (1987): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350130407.

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Moyà-Solà, Salvador, Meike Köhler, and David M. Alba. "Egarapithecus narcisoi, a new genus of Pliopithecidae (primates, catarrhini) from the Late Miocene of Spain." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 114, no. 4 (March 22, 2001): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1043.

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de Oliveira, Felipe Bandoni, Arthur Porto, and Gabriel Marroig. "Covariance structure in the skull of Catarrhini: a case of pattern stasis and magnitude evolution." Journal of Human Evolution 56, no. 4 (April 2009): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.01.010.

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Stolyarova, Anastasia V., Georgii A. Bazykin, Tatyana V. Neretina, and Alexey S. Kondrashov. "Bursts of amino acid replacements in protein evolution." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 3 (March 2019): 181095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181095.

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Evolution can occur both gradually and through alternating episodes of stasis and rapid changes. However, the prevalence and magnitude of fluctuations of the rate of evolution remain obscure. Detecting a rapid burst of changes requires a detailed record of past evolution, so that events that occurred within a short time interval can be identified. Here, we use the phylogenies of the Baikal Lake amphipods and of Catarrhini, which contain very short internal edges which make this task feasible. We detect six salient bursts of evolution of individual proteins during such short time periods, each involving between six and 38 amino acid substitutions. These bursts were extremely unlikely to have occurred neutrally, and were apparently caused by positive selection. On average, in the course of a time interval required for one synonymous substitution per site, a protein undergoes a strong burst of rapid evolution with probability at least approximately 0.01.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Catarrhini"

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Arndt, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Zur Pneumatisation des Siebbeinkomplexes beim Schimpansen, Pan troglodytes (Primates, Catarrhini) / Matthias Arndt." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031183477/34.

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Galbany, i. Casals Jordi. "Patró de microestriació dental de primats "Catarrhini": un model ecològic per primats fòssils i homínids, El." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/802.

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Aquest treball proposa una metodologia que permet l'obtenció d'informació a nivell microscòpic de les corones dentals sense una excessiva manipulació dels espècimens originals dipositats en diverses col·leccions osteològiques. La tècnica consisteix en la realització de motlles dentals d'alta resolució i la posterior obtenció de positius amb resina o poliuretà, per disposar de rèpliques d'alta qualitat. Així mateix s'han considerat diversos aspectes tècnics en la utilització del Microscopi Electrònic de Rastreig (SEM) i els preparatius previs de la mostra per el correcte estudi de les superfícies d'esmalt.

L'estudi del patró de microestriació dental en primats Cercopithecoidea s'ha centrat en diverses espècies dels gèneres Papio, Cercopithecus i Colobus. Els resultats indiquen, en primer lloc, que únicament un baix percentatge d'individus de les col·leccions presenten una bona preservació de les dents, amb patrons de microestriació analitzables, tot i que de manera desigual en funció de l'espècie. Les anàlisis dels patrons de microestriació ben preservats mostren grans diferències entre les espècies analitzades. Pel que fa a les anàlisis de les estries dels primats Hominoidea, s'ha descrit una gran homogeneïtat general interespecífica, tot i que també hi ha grans diferències en els patrons a nivell poblacional i relacionades amb qüestions ecològiques i estacionals en el consum d'aliments clau durant les èpoques d'escassetat d'aliments.

El conjunt de la variabilitat dels patrons de microestriació dental dels primats Catarrhini actuals s'ha utilitzat com a marc de referència per comparar el patró de microestriació d'algunes espècies de primats fòssils amb l'objectiu d'interpretar la seva possible alimentació. Una anàlisis de tota la variabilitat mostra que els primats del Miocè, Dryopithecus laietanus i Oreopithecus bambolii, difereixen molt en els patrons de microestriació dental. El 80% dels Dryopithecus analitzats es van classifica com Gorilla, amb una alta probabilitat de classificació. Per altra banda, l'únic espècimen de Oreopithecus que va donar resultats fiables es va classificar amb els Papio. La caracterització de la dieta d'ambdues espècies fòssils és, doncs, contradictòria amb les conclusions d'estudis previs basats únicament en la morfologia dental. La gran similitud de Dryopithecus laietanus i Gorilla gorilla indica que aquest primat podria haver consumit recursos tròfics abrasius, com plantes herbàcies, fulles o medul·les, tot i que no es pot descartar el consum de fruits. Oreopithecus, malgrat la reduïda mostra analitzada, sembla presentar un patró de microestriació dental propi d'un primat de zones obertes amb un consum de recursos més generalista, però descartant la hipòtesis que hagués consumit fulles.

L'apartat final de la tesi estudia la variabilitat poblacional dels Hominoidea, i com aquesta pot ajudar a interpretar l'alimentació de l'homínid africà Australopithecus afarensis. Els resultats indiquen que les poblacions de goril·les del Congo són les que presenten un patró de microestriació més diferenciat. Els goril·les i els ximpanzés del Camerún formen un grup molt homogeni i posseeixen patrons de microestriació dental molt semblants, possiblement perquè habiten el mateix ecosistema i l'exploten de manera molt similar. Les anàlisis discriminants de totes les variables quantitatives del patró de microestriació dental van permetre classificar als homínids. La màxima similitud la van presentar amb els papions, seguida dels goril·les del Camerún; però cap d'ells ho va fer com Pan troglodytes verus o els goril·les del Congo, que habiten entorns ecològics en mosaic on consumeixen una gran proporció d'aliments clau fibrosos de manera estacional. Aquests resultats suggereixen que aquests homínids no van explotar recursos estacionals molt fibrosos però, contràriament, presentarien una dieta basada en el consum d'aliments de baixa qualitat durant gran part de l'any, com farien els papions actuals i, així mateix, un consum de recursos vegetals semblants als utilitzats pels goril·les.
The analysis of dental microwear is one of the techniques most used for the interpretation of the diet of hominids and fossil primates. The teeth of the primates are a source of very important information, not only for the studies of microwear, but for multiple studies of compared morphology or taxonomy. The quantification of dental microwear patterns from SEM images is done by using semiautomatic procedures, so the measurement of the microstriations has an associate inevitable mistake that depends on many intrinsic factors of the image, but also related to the observer. The present study approaches the quantification of these errors of measurement at interobserver and intraobserver levels.
The study of the variability of dental microwear in Cercopithecoidea primates has been based on several species: Papio, Cercopithecus and Colobus. They can be considered a good group of primates to see if the ecological differences are related to dental microwear pattern. The whole variability of the dental microwear patterns including all Catarhini (Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea) has been used as a reference for comparing the dental microwear of some fossil primates with the aim to interpret its possible diets. An analysis of the whole variability shows that the Miocene primates, Dryopithecus laietanus and Oreopithecus bambolii, differ very much in dental microwear patterns. 80% of the analyzed Dryopithecus laietanus are classified as Gorilla gorilla, but Oreopithecus bambolii is classified as Papio anubis.
Finally, dental microwear variability of primates is used for the interpretation of Australopithecus afarensis diet and its ecological reconstruction. Results indicates that hominid microwear pattern are classified as baboons, followed by the gorillas from Cameroon; but none of them did it as Pan troglodytes verus or gorillas from Congo, which inhabit in a mosaic environments and consume a great proportion of keystone and fibrous food seasonally. These results suggest that these hominids did not exploit seasonally very fibrous resources but, in contrast they would present a diet based on a food consumption of low quality during great part of the year.
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Gamarra, Rubio Beatriz. "Implicacions filogenètiques i adaptatives de la variabilitat morfològica de la dentició dels primats Catarrhini actuals i fòssils." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286326.

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La present Tesi Doctoral tracta de l’estudi de la morfologia dental, concretament de la primera (M1) i segona (M2) molars inferiors d’un ampli grup de primats catarrins. En general, la morfologia dental és el reflex del compromís entre les influències filogenètiques i funcionals. L’objectiu principal del present estudi és analitzar quines són aquestes influències en les molars dels catarrins per tal de relacionar filogenèticament o ecològicament els espècimens fòssils del Miocè i Pliocè amb les espècies actuals. Aquest treball es divideix en dos clars apartats: una part d’exploració de la metodologia per analitzar la forma dental i una altra que analitza la morfologia i la topografia dental de la mostra de catarrins. L’exploració de la metodologia consisteix en trobar aquella tècnica que millor s’adeqüi a la mostra de primats catarrins. Existeixen vàries metodologies per analitzar la morfologia dental, entre les quals trobem les anàlisis de Fourier i la Morfometria Geomètrica (MG). Els resultats de l’anàlisi de Fourier indiquen que aquesta tècnica és útil per diferenciar espècies de primats hominoïdeus. No obstant, aquesta tècnica només permet caracteritzar el contorn de les estructures estudiades, en aquest cas les molars, de tal manera que no permet incloure altres trets de la cara oclusal de les dents biològicament més informatius. Les tècniques de MG han permeten caracteritzar trets tant del contorn dental com de la cara oclusal de les molars en una mateixa anàlisi. Els resultats obtinguts de la comparació d’una mateixa submostra d’hominoïdeus indiquen que, amb la tècnica de landmarks, s’obtenen millors resultats en l’estudi de la variabilitat morfològica de la M1,respecte les tècniques de sliding semilandmarks i sèries el·líptiques de Fourier. És per això que es va decidir analitzar la variabilitat morfològica dental d’una mostra molt més àmplia de catarrins a partir d’aquesta tècnica. Per determinar si una estructura biològica és útil per inferir filogenèticament les relacions entre les espècies, s’ha de comprovar prèviament si aquesta presenta una senyal filogenètica. Els resultats del present treball indiquen que la morfologia de les molars inferiors de catarrins presenten senyal filogenètica i que permet agrupar les espècies de catarrins per categories taxonòmiques a nivell de Família en els hominoïdeus i a nivell de Subfamília en els cercopitecoïdeus per ambdues molars. No obstant, la M2 presentava una forta influència de la dieta. Un cop determinat aquestes influències, es van incloure espècimens fòssils, concretament, les espècies d’hominoïdeus euroasiàtics del Miocè (Dryopithecus fontani, Hispanopithecus laietanus, Oreopithecus bambolii, Ouranopithecus macedoniensis, Rudapithecus hungaricus i Sivapithecu sivalenis), els pliopitecoïdeus Anapithecus heryaki, Barberopithecus huerzeleri i vàries espècies del gènere Pliopithecus, i el cercopitecoïdeu del Pliocè euroasiàtic Mesopithecus pentelicus, per determinar les relacions filogenètiques amb les espècies actuals. En general, les espècies de dryopitecins s’agrupen amb els grans simis actuals, sense cap afinitat clara entre les espècies actuals; els pliopitecoïdeus es confirmen com a grup monofilètic dins dels catarrins; i Mesopithecus amb els colobins actuals. Els resultats anteriors apuntaven a que a nivells taxonòmics inferiors existeixen altres factors que estan influint en la morfologia de les molars dels catarrins, com és per exemple la dieta. L’anàlisi de la topografia dental permet relacionar els trets oclusals de les molars amb la dieta dels individus. Els resultats de l’anàlisi de la topografia dental d’hominoïdeus actuals i Mandrillus sphinx indiquen que la M2 està relacionada amb el grau de folivorisme de la dieta d’aquests espècimens. L’anàlisi de la topografia dental dels hominoïdeus fòssils indiquen que aquests estaven adaptats a diferents graus de fruigivorisme i sobretot, a fer front als períodes d’escassetat de recursos d’aliments durs.
The present Thesis deals about the phylogenetic and adaptive influences in the morphologic variability of lower molars of extinct and living Catarrhini species. The study is divided in three parts. The first one deals with the methodology employed in the morphometric analysis of lower molar. First analyses of M2 shape employing Fourier analysis indicate that the molar outline could be used to differentiate hominid species. Nevertheless, no occlusal dental traits could be analyzed using this technique, which may be informative for biological purposes. On the other hand, Geometric Morphometric (GM) methods allow studying both sources of information, occlusal and contour traits, in the same analysis. Comparative analyses show that employing only landmarks (GM method) for the description of Hominoidea molar morphology is the best technique that explains the variability of this group. The second part of the dissertation analyzes the factors that influence the molar morphology variability of a huge sample of catarrini primates employing landmark-technique. The results indicate that molar morphology of both first (M1) and second (M2) lower molars carry a strong phylogenetic signal, which allows grouping catarrini specimens at Family level in Hominoidea and Subfamily level in Cercopithecoidea. Besides, the diet also has an influence on the M2 morphology. When employing fossil specimens, they present taxonomic affinities with the expected groups: Miocene dryopithecins are grouped with great apes; pliopithecoidea species form a monophyletic group into the Infraordre of Catarrhini, while Mesopithecus (a Pliocene cercopithecid) present affinities with colobine species. Finally, the dental topography studies have shown the relationship between occlusal traits and diet. The topographic analysis employing some Hominoidea species indicates that only M2 has a significant correlation between folivory degree in the diet and occlusal complexity: species that rely more on cellulose aliments have high occlusal complexity and the ones that ingest more hard items, having lower values of occlusal complexity. This fact allows infer on the foraging ecology of fossil specimens. The dental topographic analyses of fossil hominids show that they were adapted to different degree of frugivory, and faced to periods of lower availability of preferred diet resources, in agreement with other studies.
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Moraes, Pedro Zurvaino Palmeira Melo Rosa de. "Detec??o de predadores por dicromatas e tricromatas humanos e a sua implica??o na evolu??o da vis?o de cores em primatas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17334.

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Among placental mammals, primates are the only ones to present trichromatic color vision. However, the distribution of trichromacy among primates is not homogeneous: Old World primates shows an uniform trichromacy (with all individuals being trichromats) and New World primates exhibit a color vision polymorphism (with dichromatic males and dichromatic or trichromatic females). Visual ecology studies have investigated which selective pressures may have been responsible for the evolution of trichromacy in primates, diverging from the dichromat standard found in other mammals. Cues associated with foraging and the socio-reproductive status were analyzed, indicating a trichromatic advantage for the rapid detection of visually conspicuous objects against a green background. However, dichromats are characterized by an efficient capture of cryptic and camouflaged stimuli. These advantages regarding phenotype may be responsible for the maintenance of the visual polymorphism in New World primates and for the high incidence of color blindness in humans (standing around 8% in Caucasian men). An important factor that has not yet been experimentally taken into account is the predation risk and its effect on the evolution of trichromacy in primates. To answer this question, we prepared and edited pictures of animals with different coats: oncillas (Leopardus spp.), puma (Puma concolor) and ferret (Galictis cuja). The specimens were taxidermized and the photographs were taken in three different vegetation scenarios (dense forest, cerrado and grassland). The images of the predators were manipulated so that they fit into two categories of stimulus size (small or large). After color calibration and photo editing, these were presented to 40 humans (20 dichromats and 20 trichromats) by a computer program, which presented a set of four photos at a time (one picture containing the taxidermized animal amid the background vegetation and three depicting only the background vegetation) and recorded the response latency and success rate of the subjects. The results show a trichromatic advantage in detecting potential predators. The predator detection was influenced by the background, the predator species, the dimension of the stimulus and the observer s visual phenotype. As humans have a high rate of dyschromatopsias, when compared to wild Catarrhini or human tribal populations, it is possible that the increased rate of dichromats is a result of reduced pressure for rapid predator detection. Since our species came to live in more cohesive groups and resistant to attack by predators, with the advent of agriculture and the formation of villages, it is possible that the lower risk of predation has reduced the selection in favor of trichromats
Dentre os mam?feros placent?rios, os primatas s?o os ?nicos a apresentarem uma vis?o de cores tricromata. Contudo, a distribui??o da tricromacia dentre os primatas n?o ? homog?nea: primatas do Velho Mundo apresentam uma tricromacia uniforme (com todos os indiv?duos sendo tricromatas) e primatas do Novo Mundo apresentam um polimorfismo de vis?o de cores (com machos dicromatas e f?meas dicromatas ou tricromatas). Estudos em ecologia visual t?m investigado que press?es seletivas podem ter sido respons?veis pela evolu??o da tricromacia em primatas, divergindo do padr?o dicromata encontrado nos demais mam?feros. Pistas associadas ao forrageio e ao contexto s?cio-reprodutivo foram analisadas, indicando uma vantagem tricromata na detec??o r?pida de objetos visualmente consp?cuos no ambiente. Entretanto, dicromatas s?o caracterizados pela captura eficiente de est?mulos cr?pticos e camuflados. Estas vantagens relativas aos fen?tipos podem ser respons?veis pela manuten??o do polimorfismo visual em primatas do Novo Mundo e pelo alto ?ndice de daltonismo em humanos (situando-se em torno de 8% em homens caucasianos). Um importante fator que ainda n?o foi levado experimentalmente em conta ? o risco de preda??o e o seu efeito na evolu??o da tricromacia em primatas. Para responder esta pergunta, n?s preparamos e editamos fotografias de animais com pelagens distintas: gatos-do-mato (Leopardus spp.), puma (Puma concolor) e fur?o (Galictis cuja). Os exemplares estavam taxidermizados e as fotografias foram capturadas em tr?s diferentes cen?rios de vegeta??o (mata fechada, cerrado e campo aberto). As imagens dos predadores foram manipuladas para que eles se encaixassem em duas categorias de tamanho de est?mulo (pequenos ou grandes). Ap?s a calibra??o das cores e edi??o das fotos, estas foram apresentadas a 40 humanos (20 dicromatas e 20 tricromatas) por um programa de computador, o qual apresentava um conjunto de quatro fotos por vez (uma foto contendo o animal taxidermizado em meio ? vegeta??o de fundo e outras tr?s contendo apenas a vegeta??o de fundo) e registrava a lat?ncia de resposta e a taxa de acerto dos sujeitos. Os resultados apontam uma vantagem tricromata na detec??o de potenciais predadores. A detec??o dos predadores foi influenciada pelo cen?rio de fundo, pelo tipo de predador, pela sua dimens?o e pelo fen?tipo visual do observador. Como os humanos apresentam uma elevada taxa de discromatopsias, quando comparados com popula??es selvagens de outros Catarrhini ou mesmo popula??es humanas tribais, ? poss?vel que o aumento no ?ndice de dicromatas seja resultado de uma press?o reduzida de detec??o r?pida de predadores. Uma vez que nossa esp?cie passou a viver em grupos mais coesos e resistentes aos ataques de predadores, com o advento da agropecu?ria e a forma??o de vilas, ? poss?vel que o menor risco de preda??o tenha relaxado a sele??o a favor de tricromatas
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Humphrey, Louise Theresa. "Sexual dimorphism in humans and other catarrhine primates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272758.

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Bales, Ashley. "The phylogenetic position of Proconsul and catarrhine ancestral morphotypes." Thesis, New York University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10192021.

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There continues to be a lack of agreement concerning the precise phylogenetic placement of Proconsul despite the wealth of fossil material and the extensiveness of its study. The difficulty in resolving the phylogenetic status of this important and well represented Miocene catarrhine is a consequence of its apparent basal position relative to crown catarrhines. This position complicates the inference of character polarities. This dissertation tests three previously proposed hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic position of Proconsul: (1) Proconsul is a stem catarrhine; (2) Proconsul is a stem hominoid; and (3) Proconsul is a basal hominid, most closely related to extant great apes and humans. A phylogenetic analysis based on 719 characters drawn from the skull, forelimb, pelvis and foot, and sampling a diversity of extant anthropoid taxa, offers no compelling support for a hominoid clade that includes Proconsul. The radiation of crown catarrhines involved rapid evolutionary changes from the ancestral catarrhine morphotype, resulting in stem catarrhines appearing much more similar to each other, even where there are key synapomorphies linking them with crown clades. As a result, systematic analyses alone are insufficient to confidently support a single optimal phylogenetic hypothesis. Further exploration of the data, by combining inferred ancestral morphotypes with phenetic visualizations of character evolution, demonstrated that inclusion of Proconsul among Hominoidea or Hominidae pushed the ancestral catarrhine morphotype closer to these clades, respectively. Given a more comprehensive analysis of character evolution under each hypothesis, this dissertation supports the hypothesis that Proconsul is a stem catarrhine. In addition to helping clarify the long-running debate about the phylogenetic status of Proconsul, the results offer fresh insights into the early stages of hominoid evolution and demonstrate the importance of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses in helping to resolve the relationships of problematic stem taxa.

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Tojima, Sayaka. "Sacro-caudal musculoskeletal morphological diversity in catarrhines." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188517.

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panagiotopoulou, Olga. "Determinants of symphyseal form in the catarrhine mandible : Biochanical and spatial requirement models during ontology." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533507.

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Turley, Kevin. "Ankle Morphology: Interface of Genetics, Ontogeny and Use." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13266.

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A central concept in Evolutionary theory is the character trait. It provides a context in which to explore differences and similarities among taxa, both extant and extinct. It is expanded in scope in Evolutionary Developmental theory to functional units with a biological role, "evolutionarily stable configurations." The talo-crural joint is such a configuration, a highly canalized structural unit in primates forming the interface between organism, and foot and substrate. It is a microcosm in which to examine the relationship of shape with environment and function and the interplay of genetics, ontogeny, and use. Geometric Morphometric analysis of landmark data was employed in studying the articular surfaces of the talus in a diverse sample of adult specimens in nine catarrhine taxa. The influence of four factors on talar shape was examined: superfamily, a proxy for phylogeny; size and mass, a proxy for physical attributes; and substrate preference, a proxy for behavior. All significantly affected shape, and substrate preference was unrelated to the others. Appositional articular morphology, the shape of the subchondral bone surfaces of the talo-crural joints in an expanded sample of 12 taxa, showed a significant effect of the four proxies on the tibial and talar components, and substrate preference was weakly related to the other proxies in each. Singular Warp analysis of the cross-covariance matrices of the joints demonstrated sorting of taxa by substrate use and signals of convergent and divergent evolution among hominoids and cercopithecoids in joint shape. The ontogeny of the appositional articular shape was examined using adult and subadult specimens grouped by molar eruption. Singular Warp analysis demonstrated a genetic signal in the subadults, strongest in the slowly maturing African hominoids, and an epigenetic signal across taxa to substrate use in the adults. The talo-crural joint, a highly canalized, modular, and integrated "evolutionarily stable configuration," provides a model for the study of the evolution of shape. The epigenetic signal observed is consistent with plasticity or developmental plasticity in response to the interaction of the joint complex with the environment due to a behavioral effect, substrate use. This dissertation included previously unpublished, co-authored material.
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Coate, Jack Andrew Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The genus category and cranial morphometrics of the Catarrhini with implications for fossil hominins." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40585.

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Recently, the number of hominin genera has increased dramatically. Prior to the announcement of Ardipithecus, only two genera were used by paleoanthropologists: Australopithecus and Homo. Presently, up to eight hominin genera are used: Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Praeanthropus, Kenyanthropus, Paranthropus and Homo. Unlike species concepts, the genus category has not received wide critical examination. To investigate the use of the genus category in paleoanthropology, a comparative framework drawing on morphometric data from a large number of catarrhines is developed. Cranial variables include 36 standard linear measurements from representatives of catarrhine genera across the major tribes/families. This study seeks to assess whether too few or too many hominin genera have been recognized compared with extant catarrhines. Moreover, two published hypotheses about the use of Homo are examined: 1) Wood & Collard's (1999) proposal to transfer Homo habilis/rudolfensis to Australopithecus; and 2) Goodman et al's (1998) classification of both humans and chimpanzees in Homo. To analyze these cranial variables and a number of shape indices calculated from them, as well as to assess competing hypotheses, univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical approaches are used. The results allow the identification of a set of variables and shape indices which distinguish genera across the catarrhines. Importantly, body size seems to be the major separator of catarrhine genera, reinforcing the idea that they occupy discrete adaptive zones. Moreover, differences between these genera mostly represent contrasts in the size of the neuroversus the viscerocranium. When applied to hominins, a picture emerges which distinguishes them from extant catarrhines: cranial shape rather than size is the major component distinguishing them; this suggests that extinct hominins occupied similar habitats and adaptive zones; variability in size and shape within hominin genera is much lower than extant catarrhines; and the major differences seen in shape among hominins are the result of encephalization in Homo. It is concluded here that both Wood & Collard's (1999) and Goodman et al.'s (1998) proposals appear to be premature. Moreover, while the earliest hominins may be too finely split at the genus level, the evidence for distinction of Australopithecus and Paranthropus is solid.
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Books on the topic "Catarrhini"

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Geissmann, Thomas. Multiple births in catarrhine monkeys and apes: A review. Firenze: Editrice Il Sedicesimo, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Catarrhini"

1

Geissmann, Thomas. "Einführung in die Catarrhini (Altweltaffen)." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 175–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55798-9_12.

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Hashiba, Katsuko, Shigeki Mitsunaga, Katsushi Tokunaga, and Yoko Satta. "Evolution of Catarrhini DPB1 exon 2 under intragenic recombination." In Major Histocompatibility Complex, 386–97. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65868-9_29.

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Noser, Rahel. "Catarrhine Navigation." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_422-1.

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Kristiansen, Rachel E., and Mckayla M. Ward. "Catarrhine Cognition." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_426-1.

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Fröhlich, Marlen. "Catarrhine Communication." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_454-1.

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Katherine Smith, B. "Catarrhine Diet." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_466-1.

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Selby, Michael S. "Catarrhine Locomotion." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_472-1.

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Youlatos, Dionisios. "Catarrhine Morphology." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_482-1.

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Harrison, Terry. "Catarrhine Origins." In A Companion to Paleoanthropology, 376–96. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118332344.ch20.

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Teichroeb, Julie A., and L. Tamara Kumpan. "Catarrhine Sensory Systems." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_439-1.

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