Relevant bibliographies by topics / Catastrophic reactions

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Catastrophic reactions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Catastrophic reactions"

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Thornbury, Julia M. "Catastrophic Reactions." Clinical Gerontologist 6, no. 2 (March 13, 1987): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j018v06n02_13.

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Bruneau, Marie-Andrée, Paul Lespérance, and Sylvain Chouinard. "Catastrophic Reactions Induced by Tetrabenazine." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 7 (September 2002): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700716.

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Haupt, Martin. "Emotional Lability, Intrusiveness, and Catastrophic Reactions." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S3 (May 1997): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297003736.

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Emotional lability, intrusiveness, and catastrophic reactions are some of the noncognitive psychopathologic phenomena seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease. These symptoms occur frequently throughout the disease course and strongly influence the well-being of patients with dementia and their caregivers.
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Poullis, Michael, and Michael Shackcloth. "Catastrophic Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions to Protamine." Chest 124, no. 1 (July 2003): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.1.411.

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Evora, Paulo Roberto B., and Fernanda Viaro. "Catastrophic Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions to Protamine." Chest 124, no. 1 (July 2003): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(15)36044-x.

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Katz, Ira R. "Agitation, Aggressive Behavior, and Catastrophic Reactions." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006888.

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Current methods for characterizing the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) consider the quality of the symptoms together with their frequency, intensity, and, in some instruments, their impact on the caregiver or the environment. Although there have been significant advances in our understanding of these symptoms and their treatment, a key parameter, environmental contingency, has been largely ignored in characterizing symptoms, planning treatments, and evaluating responses. In this brief review, I consider the feasibility and usefulness of subtyping aggressive and agitated symptoms in patients with dementia according to whether these behaviors occur spontaneously or in response to environmental factors.
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Walkup, John T., Susan J. Friedland, Tara S. Peris, and Jeffrey R. Strawn. "Dysregulation, Catastrophic Reactions, and the Anxiety Disorders." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 30, no. 2 (April 2021): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.011.

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Humphrey, Phillip, David A. Carter, and Betty Simkins. "The market’s reaction to unexpected, catastrophic events." Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-08-2015-0072.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the stock market reaction to the Gulf oil spill and determine if the markets exhibited rational pricing. On April 20, 2010, the US Coast Guard received a report of an explosion and fire aboard Transocean’s Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig. The resulting spill exceeded the Exxon Valdez oil spill as the worst in US history. With the total cost of the disaster reaching almost $54 billion for British Petroleum, clearly the spill had far-reaching effects on its market value. However, the more interesting question is what valuation effects might exist for other oil and gas firms, due to an increase in perceived risk for all offshore drilling and/or the likelihood of an increase in the regulation of the industry. Design/methodology/approach – Because the new information was released piecemeal over time and has the potential to affect a number of firms simultaneously, Gibbon’s (1980) multivariate regression model methodology (MVRM) was used to examine share price reactions of firms in the oil and gas industry in the aftermath of the oil spill. This methodology allows one to test whether significant abnormal returns occur on days where new information is released. Further, one is able to test whether the market reaction was the same for each firm or whether the market differentiated between firms. Findings – Evidence of abnormal returns was found for the majority of the information dates in our investigation. Further, the results reject the notion that the market reaction was the same for all oil and gas firms, leading to the conclusion that the market did differentiate between firms. Originality/value – This research is important because the results support rational pricing of the US stock markets following this unexpected and catastrophic event. The market was examined over the period following the oil spill on multiple dates when important new information is provided. This study contributes to financial and economic research on market efficiency and reactions to major risk events.
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Tarver, Craig M., and Steven K. Chidester. "On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1845474.

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High explosive reactions can be caused by three general energy deposition processes: impact ignition by frictional and/or shear heating; bulk thermal heating; and shock compression. The violence of the subsequent reaction varies from benign slow combustion to catastrophic detonation of the entire charge. The degree of violence depends on many variables, including the rate of energy delivery, the physical and chemical properties of the explosive, and the strength of the confinement surrounding the explosive charge. The current state of experimental and computer-modeling research on the violence of impact, thermal, and shock-induced reactions is briefly reviewed in this paper.
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Chen, Tse-Hao, Wan-Ting Liao, Chien-Sheng Chen, Po-Chen Lin, and Meng-Yu Wu. "An Envenoming Syndrome from Massive Vespa Stings Induces Multiple Organ Failure." Insects 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040219.

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Envenoming syndrome is a systemic reaction induced by inoculation of large volumes of Hymenoptera venom. The clinical manifestations range from skin allergic reactions to multiple organ failure. Vespid venom-induced toxic reactions and anaphylaxis are the most common lethal mechanism of death, involving acute respiratory failure, acute liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and severe coagulopathy. Multiple organ failure as a consequence of severe venom toxicity is a rare but dangerous complication in victims. Delay of intervention to correct vespid venom-induced toxic reactions may cause catastrophic complications. Here, we describe a case presenting a rare vespid venom-induced multiple organ failure with systemic coagulopathy after massive Vespa attack.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Catastrophic reactions"

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Pellissier, Jérôme. "Les troubles du comportement dans les syndromes démentiels : quelles conceptions pour quel prendre-soin ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20114.

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Les « symptômes comportementaux et psychologiques de la démence » (SCPD) posent, au quotidien du prendre-soin et de l’accompagnement des personnes présentant un syndrome démentiel, des difficultés plus importantes que les autres types de troubles, cognitifs notamment. La littérature et les études consacrées à ces SCPD n’avaient jusqu’à présent pas fait l’objet d’une revue critique permettant de faire le point sur leur définition et leur interprétation de ces troubles, et sur les pistes de prévention et d’apaisement proposées.Le présent travail, se plaçant sous l’égide d’une conception phénoménologique des syndromes démentiels telle que développée par le psychogérontologue anglais Tom Kitwood, suivra plusieurs étapes essentielles pour mieux comprendre les différentes dimensions à l’origine de ces troubles : les modifications des facultés cognitives, les altérations de l’humeur, les facteurs environnementaux et psycho-sociaux (stigmatisation et exclusion notamment).Ces premières étapes conduiront dans un second temps à présenter quelques unes des pistes élaborées par plusieurs auteurs, parmi lesquels Louis Ploton, Tom Kitwood et ses collègues du Bradford Dementia Group, destinées à prévenir ces troubles par l’élaboration d’un prendre-soin adapté et d’un environnement prothétique.Nous reviendrons ensuite au cœur des conceptions et définitions des SCPD. Pour les aborder avec un autre regard et mieux percevoir ce qu’ils expriment, ce qu’ils nous disent, ce qu’ils appellent comme philosophies et approches du prendre-soin
The “behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia” (BPSD) present, in the daily care of people with dementia, greater difficulties than other types of disorders, including cognitive. Literature and studies on these BPSD had so far not been critically reviewed to take stock of their definition and interpretation of these disorders and the prevention guidelines and appeasement which are proposed.This work, placing itself under the aegis of a phenomenological concept of dementia as developed by the English social-psychologist Tom Kitwood, will follow several key steps to better understand the different dimensions which are the origin of these disorders: changes in schools cognitive, mood alterations, environmental and psycho-social factors (stigmatization and exclusion in particular).These initial steps will lead a second time to present some of the tracks developed by several authors, including Louis Ploton, Tom Kitwood and his colleagues of the Bradford Dementia Group, to prevent these problems by developing a suitable care and a prosthetic environment.Then back to the heart of conceptions and definitions of BPSD. In order to approach them with a different look and better express what they perceive, what they tell us, what they call as philosophies and approaches of taking care
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Durmaz, Nihal. "L'instrumentalisation des risques de catastrophe dans le processus d'urbanisation néolibérale de la ville d'Istanbul : une analyse à partir des quartiers de Sarigöl et Tozkoparan." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG045/document.

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Ce travail veut apporter des éclairages sur la façon dont la ville d’aujourd’hui est conçue en revisitant à la fois les pratiques urbaines (approche néolibérale et approche par le risque). À travers l’étude comparative de deux quartiers d’Istanbul, Sarıgöl et Tozkoparan, désignés à risques et soumis à des projets de rénovation urbaine, nous avons analysé les objectifs des projets, leur contenu, les bénéficiaires de ces projets et les populations affectés. Sur quels motifs et réalités se basent les politiques publiques urbaines ? Comment les projets sont-ils légitimés par le risque ? Répondent-ils aux problèmes urbains et sociaux présents ? Occasionnent-ils de nouveaux problèmes sociaux ? Les constats établis sur les conséquences des pratiques de rénovation urbaine, nous ont poussé à nous intéresser aux enjeux sociaux émergeant des dynamiques urbaines conflictuelles. Comment les populations sont-elles ou seront-elles affectées par ces rénovations ? La réaction des habitants ?
This work aims to shed light on how the city of today is designed by revisiting both urban practices (neoliberal approach and risk approach). Through the comparative study of two districts in Istanbul, Sarıg.l and Tozkoparan, designated at risk and subject to urban renewal projects, we analysed the objectives of the projects, their content, the beneficiaries and affected populations. On what grounds and realities are urban public policies based ? How are projects legitimized by risk ? Do they respond to the urban and social problems ? Do they cause new social problems ? The findings on the consequences of urban renewal practices have led us to focus on social issues emerging from conflictual urban dynamics. How are populations affected or will they be affected by these renovations ? The reaction of the inhabitants ?
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Books on the topic "Catastrophic reactions"

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Kunreuther, Howard. Learning from catastrophes: Strategies for reaction and response. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Wharton School Pub., 2010.

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Okniński, Andrzej. Catastrophe theory. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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Javid, Attiya Y. Stock market reaction to catastrophic shock: Evidence from listed Pakistani firm. Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 2007.

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Brown, Peter J. Coping with Disaster. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.7.

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This chapter considers the impact of natural hazards and their accompanying human disasters during the later medieval period. British medieval populations faced severe challenges as a result of sudden onset events including windstorms, tidal surges, floods, and lightning strikes. As well as the historical accounts of these disasters which litter the documentary record, the evidence for these catastrophic occurrences can often be traced in the surviving archaeology. Not only does this make it possible to visualize exactly what damage these events wrought to settlements, through excavation and landscape survey, and structures, through standing-building analysis, but study of the material culture also illuminates the religious reactions that disasters engendered. The combination of archaeological and documentary evidence allows a particularly detailed exploration of the impacts, responses, and adaptations driven by disasters during the medieval period.
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Howard, Kunreuther, and Useem Michael, eds. Learning from catastrophes: Strategies for reaction and response. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Wharton School Pub., 2010.

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Useem, Michael, and Howard Kunreuther. Learning from Catastrophes: Strategies for Reaction and Response. Pearson Education, Limited, 2009.

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Williams, J., RA Hook, and HL Gascoigne, eds. Farming Action: Catchment Reaction. CSIRO Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104990.

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Dryland farming is a major export earner for many temperate-zone countries, yet it continues to degrade a country's natural resources. Effects are not restricted to the land - changes in water quality can reduce the potential uses of water and bring about catastrophic changes in both freshwater and coastal ecosystems. Farming Action: Catchment Reaction provides a comprehensive technical overview of the relationships between dryland farming systems and catchment land and water quality in Australia, and integrates it in a whole system framework. It deals with the issues in terms of people, pointers, processes and prediction as it discusses social aspects of developing and implementing research to improve dryland farming systems in catchment management programs, indicators of catchment health, and the processes which determine the impact of the farming action on the catchment response. It concludes by considering the adequacy of our ability to use this process knowledge in models to predict the effect of dryland farming on catchment condition.
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Gillick, Liam. Industry and Intelligence. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231170208.001.0001.

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The history of modern art is often told through aesthetic breakthroughs that sync well with cultural and political change. From Courbet to Picasso, from Malevich to Warhol, it is accepted that art tracks the disruptions of industrialization, fascism, revolution, and war. Yet filtering the history of modern art only through catastrophic events cannot account for the subtle developments that lead to the profound confusion at the heart of contemporary art. In Industry and Intelligence, the artist Liam Gillick writes a nuanced genealogy to help us appreciate contemporary art’s engagement with history even when it seems apathetic or blind to current events. Taking a broad view of artistic creation from 1820 to today, Gillick follows the response of artists to incremental developments in science, politics, and technology. The great innovations and dislocations of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have their place in this timeline, but their traces are alternately amplified and diminished as Gillick moves through artistic reactions to liberalism, mass manufacturing, psychology, nuclear physics, automobiles, and a host of other advances. He intimately ties the origins of contemporary art to the social and technological adjustments of modern life, which artists struggled to incorporate truthfully into their works.
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Blunn, Gordon. Bearing surfaces. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.007006.

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♦ Traditionally bearings were made from polyethylene and cobalt chrome. These bearings are still most commonly used for knee replacements. In hip replacements due to osteolysis caused by polyethylene wear alternative material combinations at the bearing surface are used♦ Highly cross linked plastics have been developed and have been shown to reduce wear. There are a number of different types available which differ in their performance♦ Metal on metal bearings first used in the 1960s have also been developed and show very low wear rates. These bearings are more susceptible to edge loading and the resulting metal ion release can result in adverse biological reactions leading to failure♦ Whilst ceramic on plastic surfaces have been used for a considerable amount of time the reduction in wear is not as great as with well functioning metal on metal bearings♦ Ceramic on ceramic bearings have been used for a considerable time and show even lower wear rates than metal on metal bearings. In the past there has been an incidence of catastrophic fracture of these bearings but developments in materials technology have considerably reduced these events.
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Poffo, Íris Regina Fernandes. Acidentes ambientais em áreas portuárias: Percepção de risco e reações na visão ecossistêmica. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-102-8.

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The purpose of this book is based on the principles of precaution and solidarity. Its main objective is to contribute to the activities of prevention, preparedness and response to environmental accidents in port areas, from the ecosystem point of view. Studies on risk perception surveys, on causes and consequences of accidents, and about people´s behavior during these accidents, are useful to enrich risk management programs, and emergency plans. This content was elaborated based on the postgraduate studies in Environmental Sciences at USP/SP, and the post-doctorate in Psychology at PUC/SP. All of them involved analysis of environmental accidents in port areas of São Sebastião and Santos (SP), and risk perception surveys. Adds to this the author's 30-year experience at the environmental agency of São Paulo state (1988/2018). This book comments on 60 accidents, technological and/or influenced by natural phenomena, in the Brazilian ports and abroad, from 1900/2019. There were highlighted topics such as: people´s reactions in dangerous situations, social and environmental consequences, risk perception of effects on human health, and oily fauna, among others. The work concludes that people which are very curious, opportunistic and reckless can amplify the consequences of these episodes. It highlights that cautious, supportive and altruistic people help to minimize them, when they act with knowledge, discernment and goodwill. The investments in prevention and preparedness have helped to reduce the number of accidents and it´s severity, so they should have continuity, in an effort that catastrophic situations do not repeat.
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Book chapters on the topic "Catastrophic reactions"

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Albritton, Claude C. "Reactions to catastrophist hypotheses for mass extinctions." In Catastrophic Episodes in Earth History, 141–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9146-6_11.

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Bouman, Dawn E. "Catastrophic Reaction." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 692–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_2074.

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Bouman, Dawn E. "Catastrophic Reaction." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 493. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_2074.

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Bouman, Dawn E. "Catastrophic Reaction." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_2074-2.

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Schmid-Schönbein, H. "Synergetics of Fluid-Dynamic and Biochemical Catastrophe Reactions in Coronary Artery Thrombosis." In Unstable Angina, 16–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61288-6_2.

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Stovall-McClough, K. Chase, and Marylene Cloitre. "Traumatic Reactions to Terrorism: The Individual and Collective Experience." In Psychological Effects of Catastrophic Disasters, 113–53. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315821306-6.

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Raphael, Beverley, and Sally Wooding. "Group Intervention for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Initial Stress Reactions in Civilians." In Psychological Effects of Catastrophic Disasters, 481–503. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315821306-14.

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Pettitt, Clare. "Live Byron." In Serial Forms, 107–47. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830429.003.0004.

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‘Live Byron’ discusses the ‘live’ and singular performances of shipwrecks by Byron and the painter Géricault in 1819. Reactions to Byron’s treatment of a fatal shipwreck in the first instalment of his serial poem Don Juan are assessed alongside reactions to Géricault’s oil painting The Raft of the Medusa, which was simultaneously on show at the Egyptian Hall in London. The chapter analyses the strong sentiments of disgust elicited by both works, concluding that it is both their reference to a ‘real’ news item and their creation of virtual bodies to represent catastrophic death that triggered such strong critical reactions. Through the experiences of their viewers, panoramas and shows in this early period are reconceptualized as ‘live’ performances which demanded an interactive and participative engagement and which contributed to the formation of a popular consciousness of existing in a simultaneous historic present.
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Cobb, Matthew. "5. The ecology of smell." In Smell: A Very Short Introduction, 78–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198825258.003.0005.

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Ecology is complex. ‘The ecology of smell’ demonstrates that smell is no exception. Some organisms even use olfactory trickery and chemical confusion to ensure their needs are met. The consequences of this can be minor, as in a flower or plant delivering a simulacrum of sex rather than the promised pollen or nectar—or it can be catastrophic, as in parasitoids taking over a host’s body to consume it from the inside. Some ecological relationships are beneficial rather than exploitative, such as the relationship between humans and fruit flies. We can use smell to disrupt insects’ reactions and urges, as in the use of sprays against mosquitoes.
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Thompson-Brenner, Heather, Melanie Smith, Gayle Brooks, Dee Ross Franklin, Hallie Espel-Huynh, and James F. Boswell. "Interoceptive Exposures." In The Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbidity, edited by Heather Thompson-Brenner, Melanie Smith, Gayle Brooks, Dee Ross Franklin, Hallie Espel-Huynh, and James F. Boswell, 175–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190947002.003.0015.

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In this session, clients practice tolerating physical sensations through interoceptive exposures and learn to recognize the role of such sensations in emotional experiences. If clients practice tolerating such sensations in a nonthreatening environment, they can learn that the physical sensations themselves, and the emotional reactions they have to them, can be reduced with repetition or practice. Clients also learn that they can tolerate those sensations better than they thought they could when they were avoiding them. The catastrophic emotional thoughts clients have about those situations are subjective and flexible, and just by practicing tolerance of the physical sensations, it is sometimes possible to reduce overall emotional distress.
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Conference papers on the topic "Catastrophic reactions"

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Kaltsidi, Georgia, and Yiannis Xenidis. "The Relation between Behavioral Factors and Humans’ Reactions During Catastrophic Events." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-14-8593-0_4299-cd.

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Piacenza, Joseph R., Irem Y. Tumer, John J. Fields, Mir Abbas Bozorgirad, and Christopher Hoyle. "Robust Design of North American Power Grid to Mitigate Cascading Failures." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62970.

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Catastrophic cascading system failures such as the August 13th Blackout of 2003 highlight the vulnerability of the North American power grid, and emphasize the need for research to mitigate failure events. The incorporation of robust design, the insensitivity of system performance in the presence of noise (or uncertainty) from both internal and external sources, into existing and future power grid design strategies can increase system reliability. This paper presents a high-level topological network approach to power grid robust optimization as a solution for designing against cascading system failure. A mathematical model was created representing a standard power grid network consisting of generation and demand nodes, as well as node connections based on actual topological transmission line relationships. Each node possesses unique power generation or demand attributes, and various network connection configurations are examined based on system demand requirements. In this model, failure events are initiated by the removal of a single network connection, and remaining loads are redistributed throughout the system. Cascading failure effects are captured when the existing network configuration cannot support the resulting demand load, and transmission line failures continue propagate until the system again reaches a steady state, based on remaining nodes and connections. The primary goal of this research is to facilitate an understanding of design trade-offs between system robustness and performance objectives. In this research, robustness is defined as the resilience to initiating faults, where a robust network has the ability to meet system generation requirements despite propagating network failures. Primary performance objectives are total system cost and the ability to satisfy network demand after a failure, while robustness is represented as the lack of variability in the amount of demand which is satisfied after a failure. By understanding network reactions due to cascading failures, as well as performance trade-offs required to mitigate these failures, reliability in power grid systems can be increased.
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Kang, Ki Moon, Hyo-Won Kim, Il-Wun Shim, and Ho-Young Kwak. "Syntheses of Specialty Nanomaterials at the Multibubble Sonoluminescence Condition." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68320.

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In recent years, a large number of nano-size semiconductors have been investigated for their potential applications in photovoltaic cells, optical sensor devices, and photocatalysts [1, 2, 3]. Nano-size semiconductor particles have many interesting properties due mainly to their size-dependent electronic and optical properties. Appropriately, many speciality of nanomaterials such as CdS and ZnS semiconductor particles, and other metal oxides such as ZnO and lithium-titanate oxide (LTO) have been prepared. However, most of them were prepared with toxic reactants and/or complex multistep reaction processes. Particularly, it is quite difficult to produce LTO nanoparticles, since it typically requires wearisome conditions such as very high temperature over 1000 °C, long producing times, and so on. To overcome such problems, various core/shell type nanocrystals were prepared through different methods such as the hydrothermal synthetic method, microwave, and sonochemistry. Also many coating methods on inorganic oxide nanoparticles were tried for the preparations of various core-shell type nanocrystals. Sonoluminescence (SL) is a light emission phenomenon associated with the catastrophic collapse of a gas bubble oscillating under an ultrasonic field [4]. Light emission of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) is characterized by picosecond flashes of the broad band spectrum extending to the ultraviolet [5, 6]. The bubble wall acceleration has been found to exceed 1011 g at the moment of bubble collapse. Recently observed results of the peak temperature and pressure from the sonoluminescing gas bubble in sulfuric acid solutions [9] were accurately predicted by the hydrodynamic theory for sonoluminescence phenomena [7, 10, 11, 12], which provides a clue for understanding sonochemical reactions inside the bubble and liquid layer adjacent to the bubble wall. Sonochemistry involves an application of sonoluminescence. The intense local heating and high pressure inside the bubbles and liquid adjacent bubble wall from such collapse can give rise to unusual effects in chemical reactions. The estimated temperature and pressure in the liquid zone around the collapsing bubble with equilibrium radius 5 μm, an average radius of bubbles generated in a sonochemical reactor at a driving frequency of 20 kHz with an input power of 179 W, is about 1000 °C and 500 atm, respectively. At the proper condition, a lot of transient bubbles are generated and collapse synchronistically to emit blue light when high power ultrasound is applied to liquid, and it is called multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL). Figure 1 shows an experimental apparatus for MBSL with a cylindrical quartz cell, into which a 5 mm diameter titanium horn (Misonix XL2020, USA) is inserted [13]. The MBSL facilitates the transient supercritical state [14].in the liquid layer where rapid chemical reactions can take place. In fact, methylene blue (MB), which is one of a number of typical textile dyestuffs, was degraded very fast at the MBSL condition while MB does not degrade under simple ultrasonic irradiation [13]. MBSL has been proven to be a useful technique to make novel materials with unusual properties. In our study, various metal oxides such as ZnO powder [15], used as a primary reinforcing filler for elastomer, homogeneous Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles [16], used for electrode materials, and core/shell nanoparticles such as CdS coating on TiO2 nanoparticles [17] and ZnS coating on TiO2 nanoparticles [18], which are very likely to be useful for the development of inorganic dye-sensitized solar cells, were synthesized through a one pot reaction under the MBSL condition. Figure 2 shows the XRD pattern of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3CO2)2 · 2H2O, 99.999%, Aldrich) in various alcohol solutions with sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99.99%, Aldrich) at the MBSL condition. The XRD patterns of all powers indicate hexagonal zincite. The XRD pattern for the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized is similar to the ZnO powder produced by a modified sol-gel process and subsequent heat treatment at about 600 °C [19] as shown in Fig.3. The average particle diameter of ZnO powder is about 7 nm. A simple sonochemical method for producing homogeneous LTO nanoparticles, as shown schematically in Fig. 4. First, LiOH and TiO2 nanoparticles were used to prepare LiOH-coated TiO2 nanoparticles as shown in Fig.5. Second, the resulting nanoparticles were thermally treated at 500 °C for 1 hour to prepare LTO nanoparticles. Figure 6 shows a high resolution transmission electron microscope image of LTO nanoparticles having an average grain size of 30–40 nm. All the nanoparticle synthesized are very pure in phase and quite homogeneous in their size and shape. Recently we succeeded in synthesizing a supported nickel catalyst such as Ni/Al2sO3, MgO/Al2O3 and LaAlO3, which turned out to be effective for methane decomposition [20]. Sonochemistry may provide a new way to more rapidly synthesize many specialty nanoparticles with less waste [21]. This clean technology enables the preparation of new materials such as colloids, amorphous particles [22], and various alloys.
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4

Yanoso, Laura, Justin Jacobson, Tulin Dadali, David Reynolds, and Hani Awad. "Evaluation of Polylactic Acid/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds as Segmental Bone Graft Substitutes." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192978.

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The use of processed structural allografts for treatment of massive segmental defects in long bones can be complicated by poor incorporation and remodeling of the devitalized graft, foreign-body reaction and micro-damage accumulation which often leads to catastrophic graft failure [1]. It is therefore useful to develop a bioengineered, biodegradable scaffold that is able to stimulate healing of the defect region. The use of bioengineered scaffolds has been limited due to their poor mechanical strength that does not permit withstanding large in vivo loads and due to their poor osteoinductive properties. We therefore investigated the use of rigid polylactic acid/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PLA/βTCP) composites used in conjunction with osteoinductive factors such as growth hormones (parathyroid hormone (PTH)) and growth factors (bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) & vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) to stimulate bone formation and vessel ingrowth in the segmental defect region. We examined the physical characteristics of the scaffolds, and evaluated their osteoinductive potential in a clinically-relevant mouse model of a femoral segmental defect with or without PTH treatment. Finally, we used an ectopic bone formation model to assess the efficacy of the scaffold in site-specific delivery of bone anabolic factors.
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Schulz, Christiane, and Frank Goodwin. "Improving Corrosion Performance of Thermal Sprayed Coatings with a Zn-Mg-Al Alloy." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0914.

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<p>Thermal sprayed zinc and aluminum alloy coatings provide corrosion protection to steel structures. A new thermal sprayed coating with 1-2% of each Al and Mg shows up to 3 times the corrosion resistance of the conventional Zn and ZnAl alloy coatings. Arc sprayed Zn-Mg-Al alloy wire and three reference materials, Zn, Zn-15%Al and Al-5%Mg, gave coatings 100 - 150 µm thick, using either compressed air or nitrogen as an atomizing gas. Formation of splats in the arc wire spray process is dependent on wire chemistry, temperature and size of the particle prior to impact on the substrate. Splat appearance can be correlations with deposition efficiency of the different materials. Corrosion testing was carried out using electrochemical polarization in artificial sea water and by long-term exposure for two years on Heligoland Island in the North Sea. Of the investigated Zn-based materials, ZnMgAl forms the most stable corrosion product layer which delays the anodic corrosion reaction. At the same time ZnMgAl provides sacrificial protection of damaged, uncoated areas of up to 5 mm. Although Al-based coatings, like AlMg5, provide cathodic protection to steel, they suffer from pitting corrosion which can lead - when undiscovered - to sudden catastrophic failure of the structure.</p>
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Graswald, Markus, Raphael Gutser, Jakob Breiner, Florian Grabner, Timo Lehmann, and Andrea Oelerich. "Defeating Modern Armor and Protection Systems." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-050.

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Abstract An open source research and vulnerability study of main battle tanks and their protections systems revealed that current anti-tank weapons may not be suited to defeat modern threats. One example is the novel T-14 tank being developed and tested in the Russian army with its combined hard-kill and soft-kill active protection system AFGANIT / SHTORA, its new reactive armor MALACHIT as well as improved multi-component passive armor. Additionally, modern active protection systems currently developed in, e.g., Israel, the United States, and Germany feature also multi-sensor and multi-effector systems with drastically improved detection and intercept ranges, short system reaction times as well as protection against multiple threats attacking simultaneously and / or from similar directions. While known effectors and concepts may overcome fielded active protections systems, they are probably not suited in defeating such modern and even future systems. Countermeasures relying on high engagement velocities through improved kinetic energy projectiles or hypervelocity penetrators may provide a potential solution. Another promising concept generates directed, far-distance electromagnetic effects defeating sensors and communications systems of modern main battle tanks. After such a mission kill, a following salvo attack through an anti-tank or modern multi-role weapon will eventually lead to a catastrophic kill. Feasibility studies of these mobile electromagnetic effectors have already shown their high potential.
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Chen, Cheng, Changyu Zhou, Guiming Hu, and Na Lei. "Mathematical Model for Metal Dusting on Low Alloy Steels." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77223.

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Metal dusting is a kind of catastrophic corrosion phenomenon that can be observed in a wide range of petrochemical industry, it occurs in high-temperature equipments and tubes that exposed to hydrocarbon atmosphere and involves the disintegration of metals or alloys into graphitic carbon, fine metal or carbide particles. It is generally considered that the process of metal dusting can be divided into three stages: carburization, precipitation of carbides and decomposition of carbides, the precipitated carbides may include one or several kinds of formation such as Fe3C, Fe5C2 and Fe2C. The experiment was carried out on the dusting of low alloy steel Cr5Mo in CO-H2 gas mixture at 600 °C, the experimental results proved that the process of metal dusting for this kind of low alloy steels could be seen as uniform corrosion. By X-ray diffraction analysis, the formations of corrosion samples from exterior surface to interior matrix were: brittle layer of Fe5C2, intermediate layer of Fe3C plus Fe, inner metallic matrix. To describe the process of metal dusting in Cr5Mo, the mathematical model for the three stages of metal dusting was offered respectively: 1st stage, based on correlative theories on metal carburization, the distribution of carbon concentration in initial stage could be simulated by finite difference method; 2nd stage, based on 3-D diffusion theories of metal solid solution, Fick’s diffusion equation and jump mass balance equation was applied at interface. Reaction of metal dusting was simplified to be the proceeding of carbon diffusing into metallic matrix through Fe5C2 and Fe3C+Fe layers, then the growing rate equation of corrosion layer was represented. 3rd stage, based on the reaction rate equation, the carbides products were considered to be decomposed thoroughly to calculate the rate of disintegration reaction. Using the model with 3 stages mentioned above, the depth of corrosion samples for simplified 1-D plate of Cr5Mo steel was calculated. Compared with the actual measured corrosion depth of Cr5Mo samples subject to carburizing atmosphere after different exposure time, the calculated result showed a good agreement for the experimental result, so this model could be applied for the description of metal dusting in low alloy steels, and the method for calculating corrosion rate might offer some theoretical supports for further research such as life prediction of chemical process equipment subject to attack of metal dusting.
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Liu, Mingye. "The Influences of Significant Nuclear Events on Public Attitude and Acceptance." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15358.

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In this paper, the influence of significant nuclear events on public attitude, and the reaction, i.e., public attitude on the development of nuclear industry have been studied. Though it has been widely known that nuclear is a type of clean, green and effective source of energy, due to the characteristics of nuclear, for most common people, they seldom pay attention to the nuclear power plants (NPPs) or the entire nuclear industry except NPPs are built near the residence of their own, or when some catastrophic failures occur. This fact leads to that when the public’s attention is attracted to nuclear, the effects on their attitude to nuclear are often negative. Even if there is positive news about nuclear, in most cases, the public will still be worried and prudent. That is one of the reasons why though the nuclear power related techniques has been developing rapidly, in some countries the usage of nuclear power is still quite limited. In order to carry the development of nuclear power forward, to improve the public acceptance is as important as to improve nuclear related science and technology. This paper focuses on how the significant events related to nuclear influence the public acceptance, which will have direct or indirect effects on the development and/or policy of nuclear industry in a country, even the whole world. Additionally, this paper discusses possible and proper solutions to improve the public acceptance to NPPs and nuclear related techniques.
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Wenger, George M., Richard J. Coyle, Patrick P. Solan, John K. Dorey, Courtney V. Dodd, Anthony Primavera, and Robert Erich. "Case Studies of Brittle Interfacial Failures in Area Array Solder Interconnects." In ISTFA 2000. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2000p0355.

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Abstract A common pad finish on area array (BGA or CSP) packages and printed wiring board (PWB) substrates is Ni/Au, using either electrolytic or electroless deposition processes. Although both Ni/Au processes provide flat, solderable surface finishes, there are an increasing number of applications of the electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENi/IAu) surface finish in response to requirements for increased density and electrical performance. This increasing usage continues despite mounting evidence that Ni/Au causes or contributes to catastrophic, brittle, interfacial solder joint fractures. These brittle, interfacial fractures occur early in service or can be generated under a variety of laboratory testing conditions including thermal cycling (premature failures), isothermal aging (high temperature storage), and mechanical testing. There are major initiatives by electronics industry consortia as well as research by individual companies to eliminate these fracture phenomena. Despite these efforts, interfacial fractures associated with Ni/Au surface finishes continue to be reported and specific failure mechanisms and root cause of these failures remains under investigation. Failure analysis techniques and methodologies are crucial to advancing the understanding of these phenomena. In this study, the scope of the fracture problem is illustrated using three failure analysis case studies of brittle interfacial fractures in area array solder interconnects. Two distinct failure modes are associated with Ni/Au surface finishes. In both modes, the fracture surfaces appear to be relatively flat with little evidence of plastic deformation. Detailed metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and an understanding of the metallurgy of the soldering reaction are required to avoid misinterpreting the failure modes.
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Dahi-Taleghani, Negar, and Mayank Tyagi. "Economic Effects of Multiple Disasters in the Gulf of Mexico." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42204.

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With the recent exploration/discovery of deep-water reservoirs andcontinued developments of drilling and production, it remains very important to have a comprehensive and quantitative risk assessment ofthe drilling/production processes including effective response to deal with such disasters. What measures must be taken to recover from the disaster scenario of a hurricane impacting the same region in the aftermath of an oil spill? The Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the largest marine oil spill in history, was caused by an explosion on a semi-submersible drilling rig about 50 miles southeast of the Mississippi River delta on April 20, 2010. Catastrophic events such as oil spills have enormous impact for the local economy of the area and even for the local labor markets. Another regional disaster, Hurricane Katrina impacted Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, as it ripped over the core of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) producing zone, one of the important oil and gas production areas of the worldin 2005. Also, if acatastrophic disaster occurs and the emergency response supply chain is not adequately prepared, then the economic consequences of sucheventcan be huge. Whenever a disaster happens, another reaction to this event that should be considered is resiliency. It is the ability to reduce or remove potential losses due to disaster events. The impact of different shocks on various aspects of a state’s economic performance is estimated using a Vector Autoregressive model (VAR). In this study, the dynamic response of a variety of industrial sectors in Louisiana to each of these disasters is considered. The responses of different impulses in this model are shown to demonstrate the interdependence of various time series data.
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Reports on the topic "Catastrophic reactions"

1

Klengel, Susanne. Pandemic Avant-Garde Urban Coexistence in Mário de Andrade’s Pauliceia Desvairada (1922) after the Spanish Flu. Maria Sibylla Merian Centre Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/klengel.2020.30.

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The radical aesthetic of the historical avant-garde movements has often been explained as a reaction to the catastrophic experience of the First World War and a denouncement of the bourgeoisie’s responsibility for its horrors. This article explores a blind spot in these familiar interpretations of the international avant-garde. Not only the violence of the World War but also the experience of a worldwide deadly pandemic, the Spanish flu, have moulded the literary and artistic production of the 1920s. In this paper, I explore this hypothesis through the example of Mário de Andrade’s famous book of poetry Pauliceia desvairada (1922), which I reinterpret in the light of historical studies on the Spanish flu in São Paulo. An in-depth examination of all parts of this important early opus of the Brazilian Modernism shows that Mário de Andrade’s poetic images of urban coexistence simultaneously aim at a radical renewal of language and at a melancholic coming to terms with a traumatic pandemic past.
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