Journal articles: 'Catastrophic reactions'

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Thornbury, Julia M. "Catastrophic Reactions." Clinical Gerontologist 6, no. 2 (March 13, 1987): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j018v06n02_13.

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Bruneau, Marie-Andrée, Paul Lespérance, and Sylvain Chouinard. "Catastrophic Reactions Induced by Tetrabenazine." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 7 (September 2002): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700716.

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Haupt, Martin. "Emotional Lability, Intrusiveness, and Catastrophic Reactions." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S3 (May 1997): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297003736.

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Emotional lability, intrusiveness, and catastrophic reactions are some of the noncognitive psychopathologic phenomena seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease. These symptoms occur frequently throughout the disease course and strongly influence the well-being of patients with dementia and their caregivers.

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Poullis, Michael, and Michael Shackcloth. "Catastrophic Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions to Protamine." Chest 124, no. 1 (July 2003): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.1.411.

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Evora, Paulo Roberto B., and Fernanda Viaro. "Catastrophic Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions to Protamine." Chest 124, no. 1 (July 2003): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(15)36044-x.

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Katz, Ira R. "Agitation, Aggressive Behavior, and Catastrophic Reactions." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006888.

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Current methods for characterizing the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) consider the quality of the symptoms together with their frequency, intensity, and, in some instruments, their impact on the caregiver or the environment. Although there have been significant advances in our understanding of these symptoms and their treatment, a key parameter, environmental contingency, has been largely ignored in characterizing symptoms, planning treatments, and evaluating responses. In this brief review, I consider the feasibility and usefulness of subtyping aggressive and agitated symptoms in patients with dementia according to whether these behaviors occur spontaneously or in response to environmental factors.

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Walkup, John T., Susan J. Friedland, Tara S. Peris, and Jeffrey R. Strawn. "Dysregulation, Catastrophic Reactions, and the Anxiety Disorders." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 30, no. 2 (April 2021): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.011.

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Humphrey, Phillip, David A. Carter, and Betty Simkins. "The market’s reaction to unexpected, catastrophic events." Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-08-2015-0072.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the stock market reaction to the Gulf oil spill and determine if the markets exhibited rational pricing. On April 20, 2010, the US Coast Guard received a report of an explosion and fire aboard Transocean’s Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig. The resulting spill exceeded the Exxon Valdez oil spill as the worst in US history. With the total cost of the disaster reaching almost $54 billion for British Petroleum, clearly the spill had far-reaching effects on its market value. However, the more interesting question is what valuation effects might exist for other oil and gas firms, due to an increase in perceived risk for all offshore drilling and/or the likelihood of an increase in the regulation of the industry. Design/methodology/approach – Because the new information was released piecemeal over time and has the potential to affect a number of firms simultaneously, Gibbon’s (1980) multivariate regression model methodology (MVRM) was used to examine share price reactions of firms in the oil and gas industry in the aftermath of the oil spill. This methodology allows one to test whether significant abnormal returns occur on days where new information is released. Further, one is able to test whether the market reaction was the same for each firm or whether the market differentiated between firms. Findings – Evidence of abnormal returns was found for the majority of the information dates in our investigation. Further, the results reject the notion that the market reaction was the same for all oil and gas firms, leading to the conclusion that the market did differentiate between firms. Originality/value – This research is important because the results support rational pricing of the US stock markets following this unexpected and catastrophic event. The market was examined over the period following the oil spill on multiple dates when important new information is provided. This study contributes to financial and economic research on market efficiency and reactions to major risk events.

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Tarver, Craig M., and Steven K. Chidester. "On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1845474.

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High explosive reactions can be caused by three general energy deposition processes: impact ignition by frictional and/or shear heating; bulk thermal heating; and shock compression. The violence of the subsequent reaction varies from benign slow combustion to catastrophic detonation of the entire charge. The degree of violence depends on many variables, including the rate of energy delivery, the physical and chemical properties of the explosive, and the strength of the confinement surrounding the explosive charge. The current state of experimental and computer-modeling research on the violence of impact, thermal, and shock-induced reactions is briefly reviewed in this paper.

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Chen, Tse-Hao, Wan-Ting Liao, Chien-Sheng Chen, Po-Chen Lin, and Meng-Yu Wu. "An Envenoming Syndrome from Massive Vespa Stings Induces Multiple Organ Failure." Insects 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040219.

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Envenoming syndrome is a systemic reaction induced by inoculation of large volumes of Hymenoptera venom. The clinical manifestations range from skin allergic reactions to multiple organ failure. Vespid venom-induced toxic reactions and anaphylaxis are the most common lethal mechanism of death, involving acute respiratory failure, acute liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and severe coagulopathy. Multiple organ failure as a consequence of severe venom toxicity is a rare but dangerous complication in victims. Delay of intervention to correct vespid venom-induced toxic reactions may cause catastrophic complications. Here, we describe a case presenting a rare vespid venom-induced multiple organ failure with systemic coagulopathy after massive Vespa attack.

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Cantin, Guillaume, Nathalie Verdiére, Valentina Lanza, M. A. Aziz-Alaoui, Rodolphe Charrier, Cyrille Bertelle, Damienne Provitolo, and Edwige Dubos-Paillard. "Mathematical Modeling of Human Behaviors During Catastrophic Events: Stability and Bifurcations." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 26, no. 10 (September 2016): 1630025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127416300251.

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The aim of this paper is to present some mathematical results concerning the PCR system (Panic-Control-Reflex), which is a model for human behaviors during catastrophic events. This model has been proposed to better understand and predict human reactions of individuals facing a brutal catastrophe, in a context of an established increase of natural and industrial disasters. After stating some basic properties, that is positiveness, boundedness, and stability of the solutions, we analyze the transitional dynamic. We then focus on the bifurcation that occurs in the system, when one behavioral evolution parameter passes through a critical value. We exhibit a degeneracy case of a saddle-node bifurcation, in a larger context of classical saddle-node bifurcations and saddle-node bifurcations at infinity, and we study the inhibition effect of higher order terms.

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Cohen, Raquel E. "Developmental Phases of Children's Reactions Following Natural Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1-4 (1986): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030430.

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Mental health professionals are increasingly becoming aware of the number and variety of catastrophic events affecting the lives of individuals. These sources of Stressors are being generally categorized into man-made (radiation leaks, chemical pollution, terrorism) and natural disasters (earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanoes). The need to plan, develop and offer assistance to the victims of these injurious events is prompting further study into the human health and mental health consequences and sequelae.

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Karki, Dipendra. "The Stock Market’s Reaction to Unanticipated Catastrophic Event." Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbssr.v5i2.35236.

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Several factors influence the stock market; they trigger market over-or under-reactions. The paper aims to identify the effect of a major catastrophic event on stock returns. For this, daily data of stock market indices was used with a total of 210 observations and the effect of catastrophic event, Nepal Earthquake 2015, was tested using the method of event analysis for different event windows. The catastrophic event did not affect stock returns significantly and was resilient to earthquake-induced shocks. The event window (+2, +10) shows the higher and positive abnormal returns which depicts that the market has recovered from the shock in as many as three days. The study shows that stock market in Nepal is semi-strongly inefficient.

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Abendroth, Kathleen J., and Jack S. Damico. "Catastrophic Reactions of a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Social Phenomenon." Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing 12, no. 3 (September 2009): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136132809805335300.

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Chien, Da-Sen, Andy Po-Yi Tsai, Po-Chen Lin, Giou-Teng Yiang, and Meng-Yu Wu. "Contrast Media Induced Kounis Syndrome: A Case Report." Diagnostics 9, no. 4 (October 18, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040154.

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Kounis syndrome is a rare anaphylactic reaction leading to coronary spasm, acute plaque rupture, or intrastent stenosis. Many types of medicine or environmental factors can potentially trigger Kounis syndrome by mast cell allergic reactions. In severe Kounis syndrome, reduced blood pressure or cardiac arrest may be accompanying symptoms. The treatment strategy for Kounis syndrome is usually difficult due to both cardiac dysfunction and allergic reactions. The delay to intervention to break the vicious circle may cause catastrophic complications. Therefore, early diagnosis is critical for physicians to outline detailed etiology for prevention and treat the cardiac and allergic symptoms in a timely manner. Here, we describe a case presenting rare severe Kounis syndrome with cardiac arrest which occurred after the administration of a contrast media.

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Konagaya, Remi, Tsubasa Takizawa, and Ken Naitoh. "A macroscopic theory for predicting catastrophic phenomena in both biological and mechanical chemical reactions." Artificial Life and Robotics 25, no. 2 (March 12, 2020): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10015-020-00595-6.

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Swanson, Elizabeth A., Meridean L. Maas, and Kathleen C. Buckwalter. "Catastrophic reactions and other behaviors of Alzheimer's residents: Special unit compared with traditional units." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 7, no. 5 (October 1993): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(93)90007-j.

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Lagenbacher, Eric. "Tschüss, Perfidious Albion: German Reactions to Brexit." German Politics and Society 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2017.350305.

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Observers across Europe and the world were shocked when British voters decided in June 2016 to leave the European Union. Since the Brexit decision, British politics have been in disarray and the government’s incoherent negotiation positions have created much economic and political uncertainty. Germans and others have had to formulate policy based on assumptions and predictions. Despite slightly different emphases, all mainstream German parties have endorsed a harder line rejecting British efforts to cherry pick the most desirable aspects of a relationship with the EU. This stance accords with the preferences of European Union actors and the vast majority of member states. Moreover, the likely effects on the German economy will not be catastrophic. Thus, as much as Germans prefer that the UK remain in the EU, there is also little desire to accommodate British demands—and there may even be a sense of relief.

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Pynoos, Robert S., Armen Goenjian, Madeline Tashjian, Meline Karakashian, Raffi Manjikian, Gagik Manoukian, Alan M. Steinberg, and Lynn A. Fairbanks. "Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children After the 1988 Armenian Earthquake." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 2 (August 1993): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.2.239.

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One and a half years after the devastating earthquake in Armenia in 1988, 231 children from three cities at increasing distances from the epicentre were randomly screened in their schools to determine the frequency and severity of post-traumatic stress reactions, using the Children's Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (CPTSD-RI). A systematic clinical assessment of PTSD based on DSM-III-R criteria was also conducted on approximately half of this sample. A high CPTSD-RI score was strongly correlated with a clinical diagnosis of PTSD. A strong positive correlation was found between proximity to the epicentre and overall severity of post-traumatic stress reaction, as well as severity of core component symptoms of PTSD. High rates of chronic, severe post-traumatic stress reactions were found among children in the two most damaged cities, Spitak and Gumri. Analyses controlling for exposure revealed that girls reported more persistent fears than boys. These findings indicate that after catastrophic natural disaster, post-traumatic reactions in children may reach epidemic proportions, remain high for a prolonged period, and jeopardise the well-being of the child population of a large region. Systematic screening of children for PTSD can provide critical information for a rational public mental health programme after such a disaster.

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Cantin, Guillaume, M. A. Aziz-Alaoui, and Nathalie Verdière. "Large-time dynamics in complex networks of reaction–diffusion systems applied to a panic model." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 84, no. 5 (September 27, 2019): 974–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxz022.

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Abstract This paper is devoted to the analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of a complex network of reaction–diffusion systems for a geographical model, which was proposed recently, in order to better understand behavioural reactions of individuals facing a catastrophic event. After stating sufficient conditions for the problem to admit a positively invariant region, we establish energy estimates and prove the existence of a family of exponential attractors. We explore the influence of the size of the network on the nature of those attractors, in correspondence with the geographical background. Numerical simulations illustrate our theoretical results and show the various possible dynamics of the problem.

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Sitkin, Sim B., and Nancy L. Roth. "Legalistic organizational responses to catastrophic illness: The effect of stigmatization on reactions to HIV/AIDS." Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal 6, no. 4 (December 1993): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01385019.

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Camfield, Peter, Carol Camfield, Joseph Dooley, Kevin Farrell, Pierre Langevin, and Peter Humphreys. "Routine Screening of Blood and Urine for Severe Anticonvulsant Reactions in Asymptomatic Patients is of Doubtful Value." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 16, no. 3 (August 1989): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100029255.

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ABSTRACT:On rare occasions anticonvulsant medication may cause severe or fatal toxic reactions. This position paper, approved by the Canadian Association for Child Neurology, examines the value of routine blood and urine screening to prevent catastrophic reactions in asymptomatic patients. The basic assumptions of such a screening program are faulty or unproven. Although not definitive, available studies of screening do not appear to support its value. It is recommended that routine blood and urine screening be discontinued in asymptomatic patients. Until such time as further research is able to identify patients at special risk, it is suggested that patients be carefully informed of the early symptoms of severe toxic reactions and report these immediately to a physician.

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Viaro, Fernanda, Marcelo B. Dalio, and Paulo Roberto B. Evora MD. "Catastrophic Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions to Protamine Are Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Dependent and Endothelium Mediated." Chest 122, no. 3 (September 2002): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.122.3.1061.

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Yeom, Hye-A., and Nancy M. Watson. "Patterns of Antecedents of Catastrophic Reactions in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia in the United States." Asian Nursing Research 3, no. 3 (September 2009): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1976-1317(09)60021-9.

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Williams, David P. "An In-Service Workshop for Nursing Personnel on the Management of Catastrophic Reactions in Dementia Victims." Clinical Gerontologist 14, no. 4 (June 3, 1994): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j018v14n04_05.

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Xie, Zeke, Fengxiang He, Shaopeng Fu, Issei Sato, Dacheng Tao, and Masashi Sugiyama. "Artificial Neural Variability for Deep Learning: On Overfitting, Noise Memorization, and Catastrophic Forgetting." Neural Computation 33, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 2163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01403.

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Deep learning is often criticized by two serious issues that rarely exist in natural nervous systems: overfitting and catastrophic forgetting. It can even memorize randomly labeled data, which has little knowledge behind the instance-label pairs. When a deep network continually learns over time by accommodating new tasks, it usually quickly overwrites the knowledge learned from previous tasks. Referred to as the neural variability, it is well known in neuroscience that human brain reactions exhibit substantial variability even in response to the same stimulus. This mechanism balances accuracy and plasticity/flexibility in the motor learning of natural nervous systems. Thus, it motivates us to design a similar mechanism, named artificial neural variability (ANV), that helps artificial neural networks learn some advantages from “natural” neural networks. We rigorously prove that ANV plays as an implicit regularizer of the mutual information between the training data and the learned model. This result theoretically guarantees ANV a strictly improved generalizability, robustness to label noise, and robustness to catastrophic forgetting. We then devise a neural variable risk minimization (NVRM) framework and neural variable optimizers to achieve ANV for conventional network architectures in practice. The empirical studies demonstrate that NVRM can effectively relieve overfitting, label noise memorization, and catastrophic forgetting at negligible costs.

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Silva, HM. "Wildfires and Brazilian irrationality on social networks." Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 21 (March 11, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esep00194.

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Recent forest fires in Brazil and Australia have been the subject of irrational discussions on social networks without any legitimate scientific basis. These discussions often overlook or ignore fundamental questions about how limited government reactions, especially from the Brazilian government, to climate change affect these disasters. This article seeks to foster a discussion supported by data about climate change, the consequences of increased frequency of catastrophic weather events, and ways in which aggressiveness and ignorance via the internet and social networks do nothing to address the underlying issues.

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Spokane, Arnold R., Arpana G. Inman, Ryan D. Weatherford, Anju Kaduvettoor Davidson, and Rebecca Straw. "Ecologically Based, Culturally Concordant Responding Following Disasters." Counseling Psychologist 39, no. 8 (July 13, 2011): 1128–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000010397933.

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This article reviews the existing theory, research, policy, and practice of disaster mental health and the role of counseling psychology in post-disaster and catastrophic situations, all from a social justice perspective. Specifically, we discuss the phases and stages, social ecology, and individual reactions to disasters. A case study is presented, followed by mental health interventions and counseling psychology’s role in these interventions at both the individual and systemic levels. We conclude with an overview of professional issues that often emerge when working in disaster areas, cultural issues that arise, and ways for counseling psychologists to become involved in this work.

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Singh, P., M. S. Khan, and H. Khushnood. "Features of relativistic charged particles produced in catastrophic destruction of heavy emulsion nuclei at 4.5 A GeV." Canadian Journal of Physics 76, no. 7 (June 3, 1998): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p98-034.

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Total disintegration events produced in 4.5 A GeV/c 12C--AgBr reactions are analysed to investigate the characteristics of secondary charged particles produced in such collisions. The results reveal that multiplicity distributions of grey, black, and relativistic charged particles agree with the Poisson distribution. The average multiplicity of grey particles is found to increase with the increasing mass of projectile, while the average value of black particles is found to decrease with the increasing mass of projectile. This result is in good agreement with the prediction of fireball model. Finally, the linear dependence of grey and compound multiplicities on black, heavy, and relativistic charged particles is also observed. PACS No.: 25.70

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FUCHS, KARL. "The great earthquakes of Lisbon 1755 and Aceh 2004 shook the world. Seismologists' societal responsibility." European Review 14, no. 2 (April 12, 2006): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798706000202.

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Two major earthquakes ‘which shook the world’, that of Lisbon of 1755 and that of Aceh/Sumatra of 2004, are compared. Both were catastrophic earthquakes with nearly identical magnitude M≈9 and accompanying destructive tsunamis. They are paradigms for Low Probability Extreme Events (LPEEs) and for the reaction of the societies in which they occurred, although 250 years apart. Modern seismology developed from its birth as disaster management following the Lisbon quake to a mature science, which however, still remains under the obligation to improve its role in enhancing society's preparedness for such catastrophes. The catastrophe of hurricane Katrina, which was predicted, showed that the realm of societal responsibility extends beyond that of scientific technical competence.

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Goenjian, Armen K., David Walling, Alan M. Steinberg, Ida Karayan, Louis M. Najarian, and Robert Pynoos. "A Prospective Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Reactions Among Treated and Untreated Adolescents 5 Years After a Catastrophic Disaster." American Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 12 (December 2005): 2302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2302.

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Bennett, Charles, Jonathan Nebeker, Renu Virmani, June McKoy, Jenny Hoffman, Dennis Raisch, Dennis West, et al. "Subacute Thrombotic Events Associated with Drug Eluting Cardiac Stents May Be Localized Hypersensitivity Reactions to Polymers." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2198.2198.

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Abstract Background: In October 2003, six months after approval of the first drug-eluting coronary stent (CYPHER™ stent), the FDA reported 50 stent-associated hypersensitivity reactions. In November 2003, FDA officials reported that these reactions were probably due to concomitantly prescribed medications. Methods: All adverse device event reports for CYPHER stent associated hypersensitivity- reactions in the FDA’s adverse event reporting system, the published literature, or from RADAR, between April 2003 and June 2004 were reviewed. Causality was evaluated using World Health Organization criteria. Results: Review of FDA reports (n=2,607) identified 161 persons with hypersensitivity symptoms. Fewer than 20 hypersensitivity cases were reported monthly, except for 43 and 42 reports in October and November 2003. Symptoms began within 2 days of stent implantation (21%), between 2 and 7 days (43%) and between 7 and 14 days (19%) following stent implantation and persisted for less than 8 days for 17%, 8–30 days for 29% and > 30 days for 55%. Findings included rash (80%), itching (28%), hives (19%), dyspnea (12%), fever (12%), chest pain (8%), anaphylaxis (7%), joint pain or swelling (7%) and high or low blood pressure (5%). Among persons with rashes, 25% covered the entire body, 21% developed hives, 7% had localized maculopapular eruptions and 4% developed blisters or desquamation. Treatment included emergency interventions (26%) or hospitalization (19%). Outcomes included permanent disability (5%) or death (2%). Aspirin or clopidogrel was discontinued at the time of hypersensitivity onset for 42. Using WHO criteria, clopidogrel, aspirin, ticlopidine and/or the stent itself were classified as possible causes for > 85% of cases. Of 150 events possibly caused by the CYPHER stent, 35 persisted for > 30 days. For 7 probable CYPHER-stent induced hypersensitivity cases identified by RADAR (n=4), the FDA (n=2) or the literature (n=1), symptom onset was < 5 days (n=3) and at 3 weeks, 1 month, 4 months, and 7 months after stent implantation. Findings included rash (n=4), hives (n=1), blisters on both hands (n=1), dyspnea (n=2), eosinophilia (n=1), elevated IgE levels (n=2) and Gallium-67 scan findings at the stent (n=1). Findings did not abate with thienopyridine discontinuation (n=5). Outcomes included resolution of symptoms with hospitalization (n=1) or corticosteroids (n=2), persistent angina (n=1) and subsequent occurrence of fatal cardiac events, with autopsy identification of eosinophilic infiltrates at the stent site (n= 2 patients). Conclusion: Rash, hives, dyspnea and catastrophic cardiac events may represent local and systemic hypersensitivity reactions from the CYPHER-stent. Reporting of these events decreased by > 90% following a FDA advisory that suggested that skin reactions were unrelated to the stent. However, our findings highlight the importance of continued vigilance for hypersensitivity reactions that may represent an early manifestation of a catastrophic hypersensitivity event.

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Punia, Vineet, Appaji Rayi, and Adithya Sivaraju. "Stroke after Initiating IV Penicillin for Neurosyphilis: A Possible Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/548179.

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Introduction.Syphilis incidence has increased in the US in the last decade. Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a well-documented adverse effect of penicillin treatment in syphilis. Stroke has not been reported as part of its phenomenology.Case Report.A 57-year-old man presented with worsening memory. His minimental status examination score was 14/30. Serum RPR test was positive and VDRL test in the CSF was reactive. Within six hours of first dose of IV crystalline penicillin G, he was found to have hemineglect and difficulty moving the left leg. MRI of the brain showed multiple acute ischemic strokes. Immediate MRA ruled out vascular occlusion. Penicillin treatment was stopped. Four hours later, he was found to be febrile and had two episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizures.Conclusions.We report a case of confirmed neurosyphilis with no known modifiable stroke risk factors, who developed acute ischemic stroke and other constitutional symptoms consistent with JHR after IV penicillin. This is the first reported case in literature where an acute ischemic stroke can be attributed to Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. Given an increase in incidence of syphilis in recent years, our case underlies the importance of keeping in mind potential catastrophic drug adverse reactions in neurosyphilis patients.

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Li, Jia-Hui, Jie Wu, and Yang-Xin Yu. "Singlet oxygen vs. triplet oxygen: functions of 2D-MoO3 catalysts in conquering catastrophic parasitic-reactions in lithium– and sodium–oxygen batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 16 (2021): 10186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00699a.

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A 2D-MoO₃ nanosheet was predicted both thermodynamically and kinetically to have functionalities to prevent singlet oxygen formation and thus increase the specific energy and cycling performance of Li– and Na–O₂ cells.

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Nixon, Reginald D. V., and Richard A. Bryant. "Dissociation in Acute Stress Disorder After a Hyperventilation Provocation Test." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 3 (April 26, 2006): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465806002931.

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This study investigated the relationship of hyperarousal and dissociation in acute stress disorder (ASD). Civilian trauma survivors with ASD (n = 17) and without ASD (n = 15) and non-traumatized controls (n = 14) completed a hyperventilation provocation test and were administered the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire, the Physical Reactions Scale, and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire. Individuals with ASD demonstrated more panic, dissociation, and maladaptive interpretations about their arousal during the hyperventilation than non-ASD or control participants. Dissociation was associated with anxiety sensitivity and peritraumatic panic attacks. These findings suggest that hyperarousal and dissociation are highly associated in ASD and that catastrophic attributions may play a mediating role in this relationship.

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Cox, R. Anthony, Markus Ammann, John N. Crowley, Hartmut Herrmann, Michael E. Jenkin, V. Faye McNeill, Abdel Wahid Mellouki, Michel J. Rossi, Jurgen Troe, and Timothy J. Wallington. "IUPAC in the (real) clouds." Chemistry International 40, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci-2018-0404.

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Abstract As we approach the end of the second decade of the 21st century, changes in atmospheric chemical composition due to anthropogenic pollution continue to challenge the well-being of society. The IUPAC effort in atmospheric chemistry data evaluation can be traced back over 40 years. Global concerns over potentially catastrophic stratospheric ozone depletion resulting from emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) led to the creation of the CODATA Task Group on Chemical Kinetics in 1977. The task of the CODATA group was to provide the evaluated kinetic data for atmospheric reactions needed to assess the threat to stratospheric ozone. In 1989, sponsorship of the data evaluation effort was transferred to IUPAC, leading to the formation of the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation.

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Vourvachis, Petros, Thérèse Woodward, David G. Woodward, and Dennis M. Patten. "CSR disclosure in response to major airline accidents: a legitimacy-based exploration." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-12-2014-0080.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature investigating disclosure reactions to legitimacy threats by analyzing the corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure reactions to catastrophic accidents suffered by major airlines. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use content analysis to examine changes in annual report disclosure in response to four separate airline disasters. The authors adopt two classification schemes and two measurement approaches to explore these changes. Findings – The authors find that for three events the organizations appear to have responded with considerable increases in CSR disclosure that are consistent with attempts of legitimation. For one of the events examined, the authors find no disclosure response and suggest that this could be due to the company’s unwillingness to accept responsibility. Research limitations/implications – The study’s focus on major airlines that have suffered an accident with available annual reports in English meant that other companies had to be excluded from the analysis. Practical implications – The findings demonstrate the use of the annual report as a legitimation tool and further highlight the need for greater transparency and comparability across publications. Originality/value – The paper adds to the scarce literature examining corporate disclosure reactions following threats to their social legitimacy.

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Goodman, Greg J., Mark R. Magnusson, Peter Callan, Stefania Roberts, Sarah Hart, Cara B. McDonald, Michael Clague, et al. "A Consensus on Minimizing the Risk of Hyaluronic Acid Embolic Visual Loss and Suggestions for Immediate Bedside Management." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40, no. 9 (November 6, 2019): 1009–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz312.

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Abstract Background Hyaluronic acid fillers have a satisfactory safety profile. However, adverse reactions do occur, and rarely intravascular injection may lead to blindness. Currently there is no internationally recognized consensus on the prevention or management of blindness from hyaluronic acid filler. Objectives The authors sought to give guidance on how to minimize the risk and optimize the management of this rare but catastrophic adverse reaction. Methods A multinational group of experts in cosmetic injectables from multiple disciplines convened to review current best practice and develop updated consensus recommendations for prevention and bedside intervention if visual loss occurs after cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid filler. Results The consensus group provided specific recommendations focusing on the consenting process, prevention, and early management of visual impairment related to intravascular hyaluronic acid filler injection. Conclusions Although visual loss due to filler injections is rare, it is important that both patient and physician be aware of this risk. In this paper the authors describe methods and techniques available to reduce the risk and also document suggested initial management should a clinician find themselves in this situation. Level of Evidence: 5

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Gossner, Johannes. "Safety of CT-Guided Lumbar Nerve Root Infiltrations Analysis of a Two-Year Period." Interventional Neuroradiology 20, no. 5 (January 1, 2014): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15274/inr-2014-10082.

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Selective nerve root infiltrations are frequently performed in patients with lumbar radiculopathy. Computed tomography (CT) is now commonly used for image guidance. Despite the widespread use of CT-guided lumbar nerve root infiltrations few studies have systematically examined the safety of this approach. In a two-year period, 231 lumbar nerve root infiltrations were performed on in-patients and were retrospectively reviewed. No major complications like inflammation (especially spondylodiscitis), large haematomas requiring surgery, severe allergic reactions or spinal ischaemia occurred. In accordance with other published studies, CT-guided lumbar nerve root infiltrations seem to be safe. To minimize the risk of catastrophic neurological complications due to spinal ischaemia, careful needle placement dorsal to the nerve root and the use of a non-particulate corticosteroid, like dexamethasone, are advocated.

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Chandrasekar, Keerthana, Nakka Gautam Sai, Princy Sabu John, Sruthi Ninan, Raja D, and Ponnusankar S. "POST-STROKE PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: AN OVERVIEW ON ITS SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.26047.

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Stroke is the third leading cause of death. Stroke occurs when an insufficient amount of blood is supplied to the brain due to a thrombus or an emboli leading to permanent tissue damage. Lesions in the brain can lead to psychiatric complications. The prevalence of psychiatric complications after stroke is very common. Psychiatric complications such as depression, anxiety, apathy, pseudobulbar effects (laughing and crying), mania, psychosis, and bipolar disorders are seen after stroke. In this review, various psychiatric disorders are reported among post-stroke survivors in which depression and anxiety are common. Consequently, apathy, pseudobulbar effects, catastrophic reactions, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and mania are also observed after stroke. Therefore, early detection and management of psychiatric disorders prevent further complications and improve the quality of life in post-stroke patients.

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Chandrasekar, Keerthana, Nakka Gautam Sai, Princy Sabu John, Sruthi Ninan, Raja D, and Ponnusankar S. "POST-STROKE PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: AN OVERVIEW ON ITS SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.26047.

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Stroke is the third leading cause of death. Stroke occurs when an insufficient amount of blood is supplied to the brain due to a thrombus or an emboli leading to permanent tissue damage. Lesions in the brain can lead to psychiatric complications. The prevalence of psychiatric complications after stroke is very common. Psychiatric complications such as depression, anxiety, apathy, pseudobulbar effects (laughing and crying), mania, psychosis, and bipolar disorders are seen after stroke. In this review, various psychiatric disorders are reported among post-stroke survivors in which depression and anxiety are common. Consequently, apathy, pseudobulbar effects, catastrophic reactions, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and mania are also observed after stroke. Therefore, early detection and management of psychiatric disorders prevent further complications and improve the quality of life in post-stroke patients.

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Bi, Li, Zhao, Ran, Cao, Guo, and Xue. "Robust Super-Hydrophobic Coating Prepared by Electrochemical Surface Engineering for Corrosion Protection." Coatings 9, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9070452.

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Corrosion—reactions occuring between engineering materials and their environment—can cause material failure and catastrophic accidents, which have a serious impact on economic development and social stability. Recently, super-hydrophobic coatings have received much attention due to their effectiveness in preventing engineering materials from further corrosion. In this paper, basic principles of wetting properties and corrosion protection mechanism of super-hydrophobic coatings are introduced firstly. Secondly, the fabrication methods by electrochemical surface engineering—including electrochemical anodization, micro-arc oxidation, electrochemical etching, and deposition—are presented. Finally, the stabilities and future directions of super-hydrophobic coatings are discussed in order to promote the movement of such coatings into real-world applications. The objective of this review is to bring a brief overview of the recent progress in the fabrication of super-hydrophobic coatings by electrochemical surface methods for corrosion protection of engineering materials.

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Khan, Ahsan Ali, Lukui Chen, Guilong Zhang, Xiaoyuan Guo, Guojian Wu, Hong Wang, Yang You, Yuchun Gu, and Yonggui Yuan. "Management of Poststroke Neuropsychiatric Disorders." Translational Neuroscience and Clinics 2, no. 4 (December 2016): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18679/cn11-6030_r.2016.031.

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Post-stroke neuropsychiatric (NP) disorders are common and have complex etiologies. Multiple factors such as lesion location, personality characteristics, socioeconomic status, pre-stroke psychiatric history, and family support are the determining factors in most cases. Although depression and anxiety are more common, emotional incontinence and catastrophic reactions are also frequently observed. Post-stroke depression (PSD) has been associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence. Despite its serious consequences and high prevalence, PSD remains undetected and untreated. Treatment options of NP disorders depend on severity, presentation at the time of diagnosis, and patient cooperation, and include antidepressants, mood stabilizers, exercise therapy, psychotherapy, and even revascularization. The efficient management of NP disorders improves outcomes, quality of life, and survival rates in poststroke patients. However, very few studies have identified definitive treatment for these patients; therefore, further research is required.

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Devanand, D. P., Carolyn D. Brockington, Bobba J. Moody, Richard P. Brown, Richard Mayeux, Jean Endicott, and Harold A. Sackeim. "Behavioral Syndromes in Alzheimer's Disease." International Psychogeriatrics 4, no. 4 (October 1992): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161029200125x.

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The Behavioral Syndromes Scale for Dementia (BSSD) is a new instrument that showed strong internal consistency and interrater reliability in an outpatient sample of 106 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Factor analysis provided support for a priori symptom groupings, particularly the syndromes of disinhibition and apathy-indifference. Dependency (87%), denial of illness (63%), and motor agitation (55%) were common, while sexual disinhibition (2.9%) and self-destructive behaviors (2.9%) were rare. Virtually all symptoms were predominantly minimal to mild in severity. Patients with longer illness duration were more apathetic. Disinhibited behaviors and apathy-indifference increased with greater severity of dementia. Catastrophic reactions, aggression, and agitation were associated with greater functional impairment. There was great heterogeneity in symptom presentation. In Alzheimer's disease, several behavioral changes might be direct manifestations of underlying brain pathology, rather than being solely secondary to cognitive impairment.

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AHERN, GEOFFREY L., ANNE M. HERRING, DAVID M. LABINER, MARTIN E. WEINAND, and RONALD HUTZLER. "Affective self-report during the intracarotid sodium amobarbital test: Group differences." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 6, no. 6 (September 2000): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700666031.

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Emotional reactions are sometimes observed during the intracarotid sodium amobarbital test. For instance, euphoric/indifference reactions can be seen during right hemisphere inactivation and catastrophic reactions may accompany left hemisphere inactivation. Less dramatic changes can also be detected in affective self-report during left and right hemisphere amobarbital tests, with more negative affect reported during left hemisphere inactivation and either neutral or mildly positive affective states reported during right hemisphere inactivation. The current study not only replicated this effect, but in addition, found significant group differences. The first group (right way) showed a pattern of affective self-report during left and right amobarbital tests entirely consistent with prior findings, while a second group (wrong way) showed results that behaved in a diametrically opposite fashion. A third group (no change) showed little, if any, difference in affective self-report during left and right amobarbital tests. The major factor distinguishing the wrong way group from the other two appeared to be an asymmetrical distribution of left and right temporal lobe lesions in the former group. In contrast, the factor differentiating the right way group from the no change group appeared to be the relative degree of left hemisphere inactivation during the left hemisphere amobarbital test. The results are discussed not only in terms of their impact on theories of cerebral lateralization for emotion, but also in terms of methodological issues in this field. (JINS, 2000, 6, 659–667.)

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Zareen, Memoona, Nawaz Ahmad, and Munazza Arif. "Measuring the Impact of Coronavirus at Grassroot Level in Pakistan: Perils, Pitfalls and Preventive Strategies." Empirical Economic Review 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/eer/32/030204.

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At the forefront of strategists and policymakers' minds stand the catastrophic circumstances of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Severe trauma of unprecedented economic shocks and financial crises brought the country's mechanism to experience a sudden halt. It is necessary to consider how to accelerate recovery and mitigate the spread of negative consequences affecting sectors, industries, institutions, and diverse ventures. Amidst the existing vulnerabilities imposed by inadequate resources and constrained mobility of necessities, the sustainable measures balancing costs and benefits will equip Pakistani communities to fight the corona war proficiently. We analyze the size of adversities hurting various types of individuals, variations in an inflow of economic and financial activities, and reactions to massive disturbances, albeit to different levels. Aligned with in-depth insights and findings, the development of preventive strategies in these desperate times can protect Pakistan's economy from long-lasting disruptions, landing on the safe zone over the coming years. Received Date: October 13, 2020 Last Received: December 10, 2020 Acceptance: December 30, 2020

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Day, Patricia, and Rudolf Klein. "Interpreting the unexpected: the case of AIDS policy making in Britain." Journal of Public Policy 9, no. 3 (July 1989): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00008497.

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ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the reactions of a government faced with an unpredictable and unexpected crisis with possible catastrophic long-term effects: the AIDS epidemic in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. First, the AIDS epidemic is defined as a case study of government forced to cope with uncertainty, moral ambiguity and the knowledge that there are no solutions, only ways of limiting the damage. Second, it examines the evolution of policy of British ministers, who initially preferred to ignore evidence of AIDS but were forced to act by signals threatening a popular backlash. They did so by creating a programme of action based on the advice and values of the medical profession and public health experts. The conclusion argues that this kind of policy response may be generalisable. When societies are faced with problems that do not appear to be soluble but which may imperil social cohesion they seek to create an elite consensus to treat them as technical matters, so insulating the policy process from possible disruptive populist pressures.

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WANG, CHENGDONG, WEIWEI MING, and MING CHEN. "TUNGSTEN OXIDES FORMATION ON THE INTERFACE OF THE CEMENTED CARBIDE AND THE INCONEL 182 OVERLAYS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE UP TO 800∘C." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 06 (August 2018): 1850110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x1850110x.

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Inconel 182 overlays is well known as a promising filler material, depositing on the surface of the critical components in nuclear power plants, light water reactor and petrochemical devices. As the deposited surface is usually non-uniform and irregular, the relative anti-impact cemented carbide tool is required. As the cemented carbide cannot withstand high temperature, the tungsten oxides are prone to form at elevated temperature, resulting in catastrophic tool failure. However, few literature reveals the tungsten oxides formation on the interface of the cemented carbide and Inconel 182 overlays at elevated temperature. Therefore, this study investigates the tungsten oxides formation on the interface of the cemented carbide (as well as its TiAlN or TiN coating for comparison) and the Inconel 182 overlays at elevated temperature up to 800∘C. The results show that the tungsten oxides WO[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) are WO2, WO[Formula: see text], WO[Formula: see text] and WO3. They are formed by oxidation or reduction reactions at different combinations of the temperature and the atom percentage of oxygen.

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Jahanmir, S., and X. Dong. "Mechanism of Mild to Severe Wear Transition in Alpha-Alumina." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920899.

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Friction and wear experiments were conducted on high purity alpha-alumina sliding against a similar material in air under different contact loads and at temperatures ranging from 23°C to 900°C. Experimental results indicate that tribochemical reactions between water vapor and alpha-alumina at room temperature produce aluminum hydroxide which results in relatively low coefficients of friction and low wear rates. Both the coefficient of friction and the wear rate of alumina were low at intermediate temperatures (200°C to 800°C), if the contact stress was below a threshold value. Above this load, wear occurred by fracture, the wear coefficient exceeded a value of 10−4, and the coefficient of friction increased to 0.90. At 900°C, the coefficient of friction was 0.40 and the wear coefficient was reduced to a value less than 10−6, because of the formation of a silicon-rich layer on the wear track. A contact mechanics model based on linear elastic fracture mechanics indicated that propagation of cracks from pre-existing flaws controls the onset of catastrophic wear in the intermediate temperature range.

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Beningo, Karen A., and Yu-li Wang. "Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis is regulated by mechanical properties of the target." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.4.849.

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Phagocytosis is an actin-based process used by macrophages to clear particles greater than 0.5 μm in diameter. In addition to its role in immunological responses, phagocytosis is also necessary for tissue remodeling and repair. To prevent catastrophic autoimmune reactions, phagocytosis must be tightly regulated. It is commonly assumed that the recognition/selection of phagocytic targets is based solely upon receptor-ligand binding. Here we report an important new criterion, that mechanical parameters of the target can dramatically affect the efficiency of phagocytosis. When presented with particles of identical chemical properties but different rigidity, macrophages showed a strong preference to engulf rigid objects. Furthermore, phagocytosis of soft particles can be stimulated with the microinjection of constitutively active Rac1 but not RhoA, and with lysophosphatidic acid, an agent known to activate the small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family. These data suggest a Rac1-dependent mechanosensory mechanism for phagocytosis, which probably plays an important role in a number of physiological and pathological processes from embryonic development to autoimmune diseases.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Catastrophic reactions'

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