Academic literature on the topic 'Catastrophism (Polish literature)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Catastrophism (Polish literature)"
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Barcz, Anna. "Witajcie w Polocenie. Polskie konteksty walki z katastrofą na przykładzie literatury okołopowodziowej po roku 1945." Prace Kulturoznawcze 22, no. 1-2 (January 15, 2019): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.22.1-2.9.
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Welcome to the Polocene: Polish aspects of fighting with floods as exemplified in literature after 1945The aim of the article is to localise the representative examples of cultural models of behaviour and ways of adapting to the hazardous environmental changes. It is discussed on the basis of so called flood narratives in Polish literature such as Tomasz Różycki’s Bestiarium 2012 and Maciej Płaza’s Skoruń 2015. The author puts a question about the function of the polonocentric, combative model as a pattern of behaviour that emerges from these texts, as well as about the role of catholic religion in the society who cannot cope with more and more unpredictable catastrophic threats like the flood. The author concludes that this situation is culturally contextualised and results in the social inability to accept a new ecological paradigm in the space and landscape management.
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Boruszkowska, Iwona. "La mortelega grande, czyli „wielkie umieranie”. Zaraza jako katastrofa (w) wyobraźni." Konteksty Kultury 17, no. 3 (2020): 312–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23531991kk.20.024.13138.
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Artykuł omawia dwa literackie przykłady reprezentacji epidemii: libretto młodopolskiego pisarza i krytyka Karola Irzykowskiego Zaraza w Bergamo (1897) oraz utwór przedstawiciela polskiego futuryzmu – Brunona Jasieńskiego Palę Paryż (1928), które ukazują tendencje do pesymistycznego ujmowania rzeczywistości poprzez metaforę zarazy. Autorka wskazuje, iż zainteresowanie twórców chorobą i epidemią jako tematem literackim powraca w momentach przełomów i kryzysów. Narracje o zarazie, pladze czy innym powszechnym zagrożeniu będą w literaturze modernistycznej i międzywojennej reprezentowały właśnie narracje katastroficzne. Twórczość polskich modernistów i awangardzistów ujmuje bowiem całe spektrum katastroficznych tematów, nawet jeśli katastrofę zawęzić do plagi: morowa zaraza, zadżumione miasta i szalejące śmiertelne grypy goszczą na kartach literatury XIX i XX wieku. La Mortelega Grande or the “Great Mortality:” Pestilence as a Disaster for/in the Imagination The present paper discusses two examples of literary depictions of epidemics: the libretto Zaraza w Bergamo (1897) by Young Poland writer and critic Karol Irzykowski and the novel Palę Paryż (1928) by Polish futurist author Bruno Jasieński, with both works exemplifying the trend to use the metaphor of pestilence to create a pessimistic image of reality. The author points out that interest in disease and epidemic as a literary subject often grows in the times of radical change and crises. The narratives of pestilence, plague or other collective threat in modernist and interwar literature were examples of apocalyptic narratives. The output of Polish modernist and avant-garde writers encompassed the entire spectrum of catastrophic themes, even if the range of disasters was limited only to plagues: the Black Death, cities ravaged by the bubonic plague, and raging epidemics of deathly flu strains frequently featured on the pages of literary works produced in the 19th and the 20th century.
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Sławomirski, Radosław. "Znaczenie traktatu wersalskiego dla kultury polskiej. Literatura polska po 1918 roku – wybrane aspekty." Kultura Słowian Rocznik Komisji Kultury Słowian PAU 16 (2020): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25439561ksr.20.008.13297.
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The Importance of the Treaty of Versailles for Polish Culture. Polish Literature After 1918 As the result of the Treaty of Versailles, Poland regains independence and Poles from the three partitions become full citizens of the Polish state. Such strong political changes had a significant influence on the culture of the reborn state. Polish culture of the 1920’s is not unified and homegeneous, which was demonstrated by literature. Various concepts of artistic activity and literary disputes appeared on its outskirts. A famous Skamander group, Cracow avantgarde, and the catastrophic philosophy represented by Witkacy are all worth mentioning. However, the element that connects these artists is that they wrote in the new political situation. Independent Poland and the changing world in which culture gains the status of a popular one, pose new challenges for the creators of culture. Culture’s task is to unite Poles. Na mocy Traktatu Wersalskiego Polska odzyskuje niepodległość i Polacy z trzech zaborów stają się pełnoprawnymi mieszkańcami państwa polskiego. Tak dalekie zmiany polityczne nie mogły pozostać obojętne dla kultury odrodzonego państwa, rozwijającej się pod zaborami w niesprzyjających dla niej warunkach, w ramach trzech różnych systemów polityczno-prawnych. Odzyskanie niepodległości przez naród polski zdjęło z twórców jego kultury obowiązek walki o wolność, pozwoliło im zrzucić z ramiom „płaszcz Konrada” i podejmować jako wiodącą – nową tematykę. Dzięki temu kultura polska lat dwudziestych ubiegłego wieku nie jest jednowymiarowa ani jednolita, czego najlepszym przykładem jest literatura. To w jej przestrzeni pojawiają się różne koncepcje działalności artystycznej i toczą spory literackie. Warto tutaj przywołać grupę pięciu poetów tworzących Skamander, krakowską awangardę, a także katastrofizm reprezentowany przez Witkacego. Jednak elementem, który łączy artystów pierwszej dekady dwudziestolecia międzywojennego jest tworzenie w nowej sytuacji politycznej. Niepodległa Polska ze zjednoczonym narodem - żyjącym ponad wiek w trzech różnych państwach zaborczych - oraz zmieniający się świat, w którym kultura zyskuje statut popularnej, stawiają nowe wyzwania przed twórcami. Jednym z ważniejszych jest zjednoczenie Polaków, w których zaborcy poprzez swoje działania próbowali wykorzenić pierwiastek polski.
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Nathan, Christopher, and Keith Hyams. "Global policymakers and catastrophic risk." Policy Sciences 55, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-021-09444-0.
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AbstractThere is a rapidly developing literature on risks that threaten the whole of humanity, or a large part of it. Discussion is increasingly turning to how such risks can be governed. This paper arises from a study of those involved the governance of risks from emerging technologies, examining the perceptions of global catastrophic risk within the relevant global policymaking community. Those who took part were either civil servants working for the UK government, U.S. Congress, the United Nations, and the European Commission, or cognate members of civil society groups and the private sector. Analysis of interviews identified four major themes: Scepticism; Realism; Influence; and Governance outside of Government. These themes provide evidence for the value of conceptualising the governance of global catastrophic risk as a unified challenge. Furthermore, they highlight the range of agents involved in governance of emerging technology and give reason to value reforms carried out sub-nationally.
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Ataguba, John Ele-Ojo. "Reassessing catastrophic health-care payments with a Nigerian case study." Health Economics, Policy and Law 7, no. 3 (February 11, 2011): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133110000356.
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AbstractHealth financing reforms have recently received much attention in developing countries. However, out-of-pocket payments remain substantial. When such payments involve expenditures above some given proportion of household resources, they are often deemed ‘catastrophic’. The research literature on defining catastrophe leaves open a number of important questions and as a result there still exists a lack of consensus on the issue. This paper argues that there is a need to examine the question of what might constitute fair indices of catastrophic payment, which explicitly recognize diminishing marginal utility of income as reflected in some principle of vertical equity. It proposes the use of rank-dependent weights to allow variations in threshold payment levels across individuals on the income ladder. These are then applied to a Nigerian data set. It emerged that the catastrophic headcount (positive gap) obtained using a fixed threshold – weighted or not by the concentration index – is lower (higher) than that predicted by the rank-dependent threshold. More fundamentally there is a need for more research effort to take the ideas in this paper further and examine in various different contexts what a fair construct of catastrophe might look like.
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Wieczorek, Barbara. "Load Capacity of an Internal Slab-Column Connection depending on the Geometric Parameters of the Reinforcement." Advanced Materials Research 969 (June 2014): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.969.234.
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Literature deals with a score of catastrophes of slab-column structures, where the absence of adequately constructed reinforcement resulted in an absolute destruction of the construction. This problem is not dealt with either in the Polish Standards, nor in the Eurocodes. Some suggestions concerning the prevention of such situations are to be found merely in CSA A23.3-04. Instructions concerning such a structure are also contained in ACI 318. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests performed on a simplified model of a slab-column connection. The aim of investigations was to find out at which value of the load the destruction of such a connection occurs due to a rupture of the bars above the column. In respective models the reinforcement passing above the column consisted of bars with a diameter of ø8 mm, ø12 mm or ø16 mm. The obtained results of laboratory tests and calculations permitted to determine the relations between the exerted load and the displacement of the column in time and also to determine the values of the force at which the rupture of the bars above the column had taken place.
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Mackenthun, Gesa. "Sustainable Stories: Managing Climate Change with Literature." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 4049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074049.
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Literary and cultural texts are essential in shaping emotional and intellectual dispositions toward the human potential for a sustainable transformation of society. Due to its appeal to the human imagination and human empathy, literature can enable readers for sophisticated understandings of social and ecological justice. An overabundance of catastrophic near future scenarios largely prevents imagining the necessary transition toward a socially responsible and ecologically mindful future as a non-violent and non-disastrous process. The paper argues that transition stories that narrate the rebuilding of the world in the midst of crisis are much better instruments in bringing about a human “mindshift” (Göpel) than disaster stories. Transition stories, among them the Parable novels by Octavia Butler and Kim Stanley Robinson’s The Ministry for the Future (2020), offer feasible ideas about how to orchestrate economic and social change. The analysis of recent American, Canadian, British, and German near future novels—both adult and young adult fictions—sheds light on those aspects best suited for effecting behavioral change in recipients’ minds: exemplary ecologically sustainable characters and actions, companion quests, cooperative communities, sources of epistemological innovation and spiritual resilience, and an ethics and aesthetics of repair.
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Gupta, Mayank, Seema Rajesh Rao, Naveen Salins, Pankaj Singhai, and Krithika S. Rao. "Maggots in the Intercostal Drain: Case Report of a Rare Presentation with a Brief Review of Literature." Indian Journal of Palliative Care 27 (September 29, 2021): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpc_428_20.
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Maggots are dipterous larvae of flies. Infestation of vertebrate animals (including humans) by maggots is termed as Myiasis. Warm and Humid climate, low socio-economic status, lack of knowledge and poor living conditions, malignant wounds predispose the cancer patients to maggot infestation in India. Apart from infestation in the wounds; oral, ophthalmic, nasal, aural, enteric, urogenital, trachea-pulmonary and rectal myiasis have been reported. Maggot infestation of the Intercostal drain (ICD) container without associated pleural myiasis is an extremely rare entity. We describe a rare case report of maggots in the ICD in a patient with metastatic chondrosarcoma femur with ICD in situ for malignant pleural effusion. Early detection and management are the keys to prevent the catastrophic complication of pleural myiasis.
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Ruberg, Elizabeth J., Tony D. Williams, and John E. Elliott. "Review of petroleum toxicity in marine reptiles." Ecotoxicology 30, no. 4 (March 16, 2021): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02359-9.
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AbstractWorldwide petroleum exploration and transportation continue to impact the health of the marine environment through both catastrophic and chronic spillage. Of the impacted fauna, marine reptiles are often overlooked. While marine reptiles are sensitive to xenobiotics, there is a paucity of petroleum toxicity data for these specialized fauna in peer reviewed literature. Here we review the known impacts of petroleum spillage to marine reptiles, specifically to marine turtles and iguanas with an emphasis on physiology and fitness related toxicological effects. Secondly, we recommend standardized toxicity testing on surrogate species to elucidate the mechanisms by which petroleum related mortalities occur in the field following catastrophic spillage and to better link physiological and fitness related endpoints. Finally, we propose that marine reptiles could serve as sentinel species for marine ecosystem monitoring in the case of petroleum spillage. Comprehensive petroleum toxicity data on marine reptiles is needed in order to serve as a foundation for future research with newer, unconventional crude oils of unknown toxicity such as diluted bitumen.
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Chauhan, Dr Mansi. "People of a Lost Country: Exile and Sense of Dislocation Transmitted in the Poems of Tenzin Tsundue." YMER Digital 21, no. 05 (May 9, 2022): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/38.
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The proposed research paper seeks to study the notion of home which has been defined and redefined in various ways predominantly in diasporic, partition and exile literature as history and heritage of thousands of years linked to it and the way this association was broken. Home became a floating signifier with each literary piece penned down with angst of exile. Tenzin Tsundue, an unusual blend of an activist and a writer articulates collective consciousness of the Tibetan people in exile. The target poems published in Kora, a collection of stories and poems written by Tenzin Tsundue analyze how the word ‘exile’ is catastrophic in many ways, how excruciating it is to untie with home/nation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Catastrophism (Polish literature)"
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Machala, Marta. "At home in the world : Czesław Miłosz and the ontology of space." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a551d588-fcb4-4c5c-81c3-3e81e8f7e593.
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Space constitutes one of the main leitmotifs of Czeslaw Milosz's work, both theoretical and poetic. Central in this respect is the notion of imagination as a faculty organizing space, the faculty which, from the times of the Scientific Revolution, has been subject to erosion, especially as far as the religious imagination is concerned. The abolition of the anthropocentric, hierarchical vision of space, threw human beings into a state of alienation, conceptual nowhere. Religion was replaced by the dogmatism of scientific reductionism, the reality of Ulro. Milosz shows the way out of Ulro, the way out of nowhere to the somewhere. This thesis aims to illustrate the conceptual map of the way out of Ulro as portrayed in four selected volumes of poetry and the novel Dolina Issy, anchored in different points of Milosz's biography. The Land of Ulro, the collection of essays which encapsulate Milosz's ideas on space, constitutes a canopy work for the interpretation of the practical realization of those ideas in Milosz's poetic work. Trzy zimy (1936), Swiat, poema naiwne (1943), Miasto bez imienia (1969), and Druga przestrzen (2002) provide the material for the analysis of different aspects of Milosz's conception of space. Subject to analysis is the relationship between object and human subject as regards the formative, childhood experience of the space of the house (manor) and surrounding landscape, the act of building space on the basis of memory and retrospection in the context of distance and exile, and the workings of religious imagination in the context of the realm of second space. Through his conception of space, Milosz defends human existence in its completeness. He shows the way out of Ulro. This thesis aims to retrace Milosz's map out of the land of alienation on the basis of the poet's selected works.
Books on the topic "Catastrophism (Polish literature)"
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Cieszkowskiego, Fundacja Augusta Hrabiego, ed. Katastrofizm okresu międzywojennego. Warszawa: Fundacja Augusta Hrabiego Cieszkowskiego, 2014.
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Stabro, Stanisław. Chwila bez imienia: O poezji Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego. Chotomów: Verba, 1992.
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Katastrofizam i dramska struktura: O Stanisławu Ignacyju Witkiewiczu. Zagreb: Hrvatsko filološko društvo, 1993.
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Stabro, Stanisław. Chwila bez imienia: O poezji Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego. 2nd ed. Kraków: Universitas, 2003.
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Katastrofizm ocalający: Z problematyki poezji tzw. "Drugiej Awangardy". 2nd ed. Bydgoszcz: Pomorze, 1985.
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Kharlan, Olʹha. Dyskurs katastrofizmu v ukraïnsʹkiĭ ta polʹsʹkiĭ prozi (1918-1939): Monohrafii︠a︡. Kyïv: Osvita Ukraïny, 2008.
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Mickiewicz-Krasiński: O wyobrażni utopijnej i katastroficznej. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, 2000.
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Magdolna, Balogh. Kiúttalan utakon: A katasztrofista irodalom Közép- és Kelet-Európában. Budapest: Balassi, 1993.
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Von der Darstellung des Holocaust zur kleinen Apokalypse: Fiktionale Krisenbewältigung in der polnischen Prosa nach 1945. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Catastrophism (Polish literature)"
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Fleming, James R. "Introduction: Apprehending Climate Change." In Historical Perspectives on Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078701.003.0005.
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Apprehensions have been multiplying rapidly that we are approaching a crisis in our relationship with nature, one that could have potentially catastrophic results for the sustainability of civilization and even the habitability of the planet. Much of the concern is rightfully focused on changes in the atmosphere caused by human activities. Only a century after the discovery of the stratosphere, only five decades after the invention of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and only two decades after atmospheric chemists warned of the destructive nature of chlorine and other compounds, we fear that ozone in the stratosphere is being damaged by human activity. Only a century after the first models of the carbon cycle were developed, only three decades after regular CO2 measurements began at Mauna Loa Observatory, and only two decades after climate modelers first doubled the CO2 in a computerized atmosphere, we fear that the Earth may experience a sudden and possibly catastrophic warming caused by industrial pollution. These and other environmental problems were brought to our attention mainly by scientists and engineers, but the problems belong to us all. Recently, policy-oriented social scientists, public officials, and diplomats have turned their attention to the complex human dimensions of these issues. New interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary collaborations have arisen between scientists and policymakers to examine the extremely challenging issues raised by global change. There has been a rising tide of literature—scholarly works, new journals, textbooks, government documents, treaties, popular accounts—some quite innovative, others derivative and somewhat repetitious. This has resulted in growing public awareness of environmental issues, new understanding of global change science and policy, widespread concerns over environmental risks, and recently formulated plans to intervene in the global environment through various forms of social and behavioral engineering, and possibly geoengineering. Global change is now at the center of an international agenda to understand, predict, protect, and possibly control the global environment. The changing nature of global change—the historical dimension—has not received adequate attention. Most writing addresses current issues in either science or policy; much of it draws on a few authoritative scientific statements such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); almost none of it is informed by historical sensibility.
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Cuttica, Cesare. "Introduction." In Anti-democracy in England 1570-1642, 1–38. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866097.003.0001.
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In early modern England, democracy was seen as something more than one of the three classical forms of government. It was identified with a way of life that had catastrophic consequences on State and Church. Democracy’s deleterious effects on the public and private spheres of a commonweal had political, religious, moral, economic, and epistemic repercussions. The main reason for this series of very negative considerations is that the anti-democratic literature presented in this book drew a fundamental distinction—nowadays lost—between ‘the many-headed multitude’ and ‘the people’. It was thus assumed that in a democratic polity the former, not the latter, ruled. Anti-democratic criticism was not only the result of aristocratic ‘revulsion for democracy’ widespread from ancient Greece onwards. Nor was it simply empty abuse or a shorthand for the overturning of the social order. It was the establishment’s response to what it viewed as both internal and external agents of democratic subversion, and to actual democratizing aspirations in theory and in practice. The Introduction elucidates that in early modern England popular government was associated with different things, and with various mouthpieces. It then explains how scholars have not asked what democracy stood for, nor have they enquired into why democracy was unceasingly criticized. They have not examined how criticism of popular government was articulated, nor have they addressed the ways in which different authors depicted the people and their leaders. They have also failed to investigate which political concerns and social prejudices informed anti-democracy. In order to tackle these questions, this book looks at how democratic ideas and practices were challenged and construed in public discourse during a historically decisive seventy-year period.
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"Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems." In Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems, edited by Bruce C. Glavovic. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874011.ch31.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Coastal ecosystems sustain the livelihoods of coastal communities around the world and fisheries-dependent communities in particular. But these ecosystems are subject to intense and growing population and development pressure. Future prospects are bleak for many of these ecosystems and the communities that depend upon them. Moreover, with relentless development intensification, these communities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to coastal hazards, especially in the face of global warming and sea-level rise. The consequences of living in hazard-prone coastal areas has been exposed by graphic television coverage of the catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the hurricanes that devastated the Gulf Coast of the United States in 2005. It is imperative that we learn to mitigate hazard impacts and build more sustainable and hazard-resilient coastal communities. This chapter presents case studies of recovery experiences in Indonesia and the Maldives in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami and recovery experiences related to hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Particular attention is focused on how fishing communities were impacted, are recovering, and what is being done to build the resilience of these communities. More specifically, what should and can be done to mitigate future hazard impacts? Personal observations and interviews with planners, academics, and others involved in recovery efforts inform this analysis. Notwithstanding significant cultural and contextual differences between these case studies, lessons can be learned from these experiences to improve future coastal policy, planning, and decision-making processes. These lessons, together with insights from diverse literatures, including coastal management, natural hazards planning, collaborative planning, sustainable communities, sustainable livelihoods, ecological economics, and comanagement, are synthesized to develop a conceptual framework and outline principles and operational imperatives to guide action for mitigating hazard impacts and building sustainable, hazard-resilient communities. Such communities are founded upon robust critical infrastructure that is secured by planning and decision-making processes that enable these communities to build layers of resilience to overcome waves of adversity. Sustainability and resilience will remain elusive unless unsustainable practices and community vulnerabilities are confronted by a transformational process of developmental planning.
Reports on the topic "Catastrophism (Polish literature)"
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Rheinberger, Christoph, and Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion: social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.
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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.