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Journal articles on the topic 'Catatonic Activity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lobanova, V., A. Smulevich, and E. Voronova. "On the problem of the catatonic disorders taxonomy." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1994.

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Introduction In accordance with the systematics of modern international clinical guidelines (DSM-V, ICD-11), catatonia is qualified as a transnosological formation, which boundaries expandes by including non-psychotic movement disorders (hysterical, affective, negative, etc.). This study presents the psychopathological systematics of movement disorders, based on a new dimensional model of catatonia. Objectives 60 patients with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia or SSD (F20, F21, F25.01, F25.11, F25.21, F25.22), catatonic disorders in the structure of which persist throughout the course

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Kanayama, Misako, Tsuyoshi Miyaoka, Tomoko Araki, Maiko Hayashida, Sadayuki Hashioka, and Jun Horiguchi. "Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Levels in Catatonic Schizophrenia Decrease after Electroconvulsive Therapy." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2623585.

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Background. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in schizophrenia has been detected by electrophysiological methods, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Several studies have suggested that measuring salivary alpha-amylase activity levels is useful for evaluating the ANS activity and that sAA levels increase in schizophrenia and correlate with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. However, no study has examined the relationship between sAA activity levels and symptoms of schizophrenia with catatonic state. Methods. We present the case of a 59-year-old female with

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3

NORTHOFF, G., D. F. BRAUS, A. SARTORIUS, et al. "Reduced activation and altered laterality in two neuroleptic-naive catatonic patients during a motor task in functional MRI." Psychological Medicine 29, no. 4 (1999): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798007739.

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Background. Catatonia, a symptom complex with motor, affective and cognitive symptoms seen in a variety of psychotic conditions and with organic disease, was examined using a motor task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods. Two acute catatonic patients and two age- and sex-matched healthy controls performed sequential finger opposition (SFO) after being medicated with 2 mg of lorazepam (i.v.). Functional magnetic resonance images were collected using a gradient echo pulse sequence (EPI).Results. Patients with catatonia showed reduced motor activation of the contralateral

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Bilbily, John, Betsy McCollum, and Jose de Leon. "Catatonia Secondary to Sudden Clozapine Withdrawal: A Case with Three Repeated Episodes and a Literature Review." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2402731.

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A literature search identified 9 previously published cases that were considered as possible cases of catatonia secondary to sudden clozapine withdrawal. Two of these 9 cases did not provide enough information to make a diagnosis of catatonia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-5). The Liverpool Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Causality Scale was modified to assess ADRs secondary to drug withdrawal. From the 7 published cases which met DSM-5 catatonia criteria, using the modified scale, we established that 3 were definitive and 4 were probable cases of catatonia se

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Mohr, P. "Treating Catatonia: a Blind Spot of Psychiatry?" European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S41—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.143.

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Catatonia is a syndrome of primarily psychomotor disturbances associated with typical abnormalities of muscle tone. It is characterized by the co-occurrence of several symptoms of decreased, increased, or abnormal psychomotor activity. Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome, not an independent nosological entity. Historically associated mainly with schizophrenia (e.g., catatonic subtype), ICD-11, similarly to DSM-5, now recognizes catatonia under a separate classification category, apart from psychotic disorders. In addition to schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders, it can occu

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Chizh, V. F. "Catatonia." Neurology Bulletin VI, no. 3 (2020): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb48680.

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Disorders of mental activity during catatonia, based on my observations, are very different from what many authors have seen with this disease. At the beginning of my study of catatonia, for a long time I could not understand why what I saw was so different from the descriptions of this disease in textbooks, I did not trust my observations for a long time, explaining this disagreement with the imperfection of research, tried to find what they saw in other observers. But the more I studied these patients, the more I became convinced that the mental disorders of the catatonic patients were still

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Chahal, Harmel Singh, and Shailendra Sharma. "Effect of Eclipta alba and Ocimum sanctum on haloperidol induced parkinsonism." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (2018): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1871.

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The aim of the study is protective effect of compound Eclipta alba and Ocimum sanctum on Parkinsonism induced mice by haloperidol injection. Parkinsonism is neurodegenerative disease due to the deficiency of dopamine in brain. The pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease in the cell loss within substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region and the disease is charactrised by bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, orofacial dyskinesia, muscular stiffness and tremor1. Mice were injected 1mg/kg haloperidol and then treated with test and standard substance for 15 days. The impairment in c

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8

Dell’Osso, Liliana, Giulia Amatori, Ivan Mirko Cremone, et al. "Autistic and Catatonic Spectrum Symptoms in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder." Brain Sciences 13, no. 8 (2023): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13081175.

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Background: Recent literature has shown that a considerable percentage of patients with severe mental disorders can develop, over time, full-blown or subthreshold catatonia. Some studies corroborate the model of an illness trajectory in which different mental disorders would be arranged along a continuum of severity until the development of catatonia. In such an illness pathway, autistic traits (AT) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) may represent important steps. In order to further explore the association between AT, BPD, and catatonia, the aim of this study was to compare catatonic s

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Koch, Alexander, Karin Reich, Jan Wielopolski, et al. "Catatonic Dilemma in a 33-Year-Old Woman: A Discussion." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/542303.

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Case.We report a case of catatonia with elevated CK, elevated temperature, and hypoferritinemia after abrupt discontinuation of clozapine in a patient with known proneness to catatonic symptoms. Reinstatement of clozapine therapy was contraindicated due to leukopenia. Neuroleptic malign syndrome could not be ruled out by the administration of quetiapine; this prevented the quick use of other potent D2 antagonists. Some improvement was achieved through supportive therapy, high dose of lorazepam, and a series of 10 ECT sessions. Returning to baseline condition was achieved by a very careful incr

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Hirjak, Dusan, Mahmoud Rashidi, Katharina M. Kubera, et al. "Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Fusion Reveals Distinct Patterns of Abnormal Brain Structure and Function in Catatonia." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, no. 1 (2019): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbz042.

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Abstract Catatonia is a nosologically unspecific syndrome, which subsumes a plethora of mostly complex affective, motor, and behavioral phenomena. Although catatonia frequently occurs in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), specific patterns of abnormal brain structure and function underlying catatonia are unclear at present. Here, we used a multivariate data fusion technique for multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to investigate patterns of aberrant intrinsic neural activity (INA) and gray matter volume (GMV) in SSD patients with and without catatonia. Resting-state functional

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Мalin, D. I. "Analysis of the Serie of Cases of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (Cross-Sectional Observational Study)." Psikhiatriya 21, no. 3 (2023): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-3-20-28.

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Background: neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is the most dangerous complication of therapy with neuroleptics with high mortality. The publications on MNS are the reviews articles or case reports.The aim of study: an identiﬁcation of the frequency of occurrence of NMS harm in patients of the city psychiatric hospital over a 4-year period, a clariﬁcation of the clinical manifestations of this complication, an analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment and rate of deaths.Patients and methods: 19 cases with a conﬁrmed diagnosis of NMS who were treated for 4 years in one of the clinical psy

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Plekanchuk, V. S., O. I. Prokudina, and M. A. Ryazanova. "Social behavior and spatial orientation in rat strains with genetic predisposition to catatonia (GC) and stereotypes (PM)." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 26, no. 3 (2022): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-22-35.

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Various psychopathologies, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, are associated with abnormalities in social behavior and learning. One of the syndromes that may also take place in these disorders is catatonia. Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome in which motor excitement, stereotypy, stuporous state, including the phenomenon of “waxy flexibility” (catalepsy), can be observed. Rats with genetic catatonia (GC) and pendulum-like movements (PM) of the anterior half of the body have physiological and behavioral changes similar to those observed in schizophrenia and depres

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Ершова, Е. С., А. В. Мартынов, Г. В. Шмарина, et al. "Changes in the cell-free DNA characteristics of the of patients with catatonic and paranoid schizophrenia compared with a healthy control." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Medicinskaia genetika», no. 4(213) (April 30, 2020): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2020.04.12-14.

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Исследованы характеристики вкДНК в плазмах крови подвыборок больных кататонической (КШ, N=46) и параноидной формой (ПШ, N=54) шизофрении в сравнении с выборкой психически здоровых людей соответствующего возраста. Обнаружено, что независимо от типа шизофрении, концентрация вкДНК возрастает почти в 2 раза по сравнению с контролем, и нуклеазная активность плазм крови больных также повышена. Мы определили, что уровень 8-oxodG в мононуклеарах больных КШ и ПШ не различается и значительно выше контроля, и содержание гистонов Н2АХ в двух подвыборках больных шизофренией также значительно выше, чем в ли

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Vazquez-Guevara, Damaris, Sandra Badial-Ochoa, Karen M. Caceres-Rajo, and Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva. "Catatonic syndrome as the presentation of encephalitis in association with COVID-19." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 6 (2021): e240550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240550.

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COVID-19 has shown different neurological manifestations even sometimes there are the initial or the main presentation.The following case report is about a middle-aged woman who, over 3 days, developed fever, clinical neurological alterations (stupor, muteness, fixed gaze and catatonia), cerebrospinal fluid (16 lymphocytes) and an electroencephalogram (EEG) (4–6 Hz generalised activity) with characteristics of encephalitis. A serum IgG, IgM, nasopharyngeal swab PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The patient responded positively to support measures, symptomatic and corticosteroid treatment. At discharge, the

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N., Siva Subramanian* Ch. Malathi Suvarna Pavan Kumar. Sara Elender. G. "EFFECT OF CATALYST ON SYNTHESIS OF 1, 5- BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES AND EVALUATION OF THEIR PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 07, no. 09 (2017): 425–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036399.

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1,5-Benzodiazepines are psychoactive drugs Benzene ring and Diazepine ring fusion, widely used as hypnotics, sedatives and in several Central Nervous System disorders. 1,5-Benzodiazepines are regularly used because of their nature of exhibiting pharmacological effects with minimal effect on patient performance. Derivatives of 1, 5- benzodiazepines were synthesized using the catalysts like Formic Acid and Glacial Acetic Acid, characterized by spectral studies using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy, Mass Spectroscopy, and FT-IR Spectroscopy. The results showed that the percentage yield of the reaction involv

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Leite, R. Almeida, A. Costa, J. Borges, J. Alcafache, and A. Mesquita. "Electroconvulsive therapy as life-saving in an acute catatonic syndrome associated with bipolar disorder: A case report." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2072.

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Introduction Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by an onset of a dysfunction in psychomotor activity and/or muscle tone, which may be associated with changes in consciousness, affect, and thinking. It is characterized by negativism, wax flexibility, catalepsy, mutism echolalia, ecopraxia, or stupor. It was first described in 1874 by Kahlbaum, who characterized it as specific motor disorder associated with different psychiatric disorders. Kraepelin and Bleuler restricted catatonia to a specific subtype of schizophrenia. However, the association between catatonia and other di

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Shushpanova, Olga V., Natalia S. Shalina, Elena E. Balakireva, et al. "FEATURES OF AUTOAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN AUTISTIC AND SCHIZOPHRENIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN CHILDREN." Bulletin of Medical Science 32, no. 4 (2023): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31684/25418475-2023-4-43.

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Relevance. Auto-aggressive harming behavior (ASB) among children and adolescents who suffer from mental disorders of various nosologies is an urgent problem and requires a special approach from the diagnosis and rehabilitation of such patients. Purpose: To identify clinical, pathopsychological and neurophysiological characteristics of ASP in children and adolescents with different etiopathogenesis depending on the manifestation within the framework of ASD and nosologies of the schizophrenic range with affective disorders. Materials and methods. The study included patients being treated in the

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Ponte, A., J. Gama Marques, L. Carvalhão Gil, C. Nobrega, S. Pinheiro, and A. Brito. "Catatonic schizophrenia vs anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis – A video case report." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2168.

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IntroductionAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a treatable autoimmune disease of the CNS with prominent neuropsychiatric features that primarily affects young adults and children.ObjectiveTo present the diagnosis course of a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a patient with previous diagnosis of Schizophrenia.MethodsAnalysis of the patient's clinical records and of a PubMed database review, using “anti-NMDAR encephalitis” as keywords.ResultsWe report a single case of a 33-year-old man diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia in 2009 that after 1 year of treatment aban

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Pityk, O., A. Pushko, N. Striltsiv, O. Lutska, and N. Karbovskyi. "Oneiroid catatonia due to the usage of spice: The case study." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2167.

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IntroductionDesigner drugs, as a term, first came about in the 1980s. Most of these “designer drugs” have synthetic cannabinoids and other psychoactive formulas difficulty to detect.ObjectivesA 28 year man was referred to the hospital.MethodsCT brain and EEG were also normal.Results Among 7 days before attending the hospital the patient had a strange behaviour. He was staying like in changed reality. The day before admission he got irritable in the evening was reporting that he could hear animal’s imperative voices “we together with squirrel, dolphin visited giraffe, that someone told to jump

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Melo, António, Joana Bravo, Amílcar Silva dos Santos, Ricardo Gusmão, and Elsa Lara. "Sudden and Transient Block of Left Brain Hemisphere Activity in Catatonic Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)." Brain Stimulation 16, no. 1 (2023): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.307.

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Bueno Sanya, L., H. Andreu Gracia, O. De Juan Viladegut, and L. Olivier Mayorga. "Amantadine augmentation in electroconvulsive therapy-resistant catatonia: a case report." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (2023): S1066—S1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2264.

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IntroductionCatatonia is a syndrome characterized by physical symptoms ranging from immobility to excessive motor activity. Besides being historically associated mainly with schizophrenia, it is widely known that it can be the expression of different psychiatric, neurological or medical conditions. The treatment of choice is benzodiazepines, indicating electroconvulsive therapy in refractory cases. Amantadine is considered a second-line therapy in setting when electroconvulsive therapy is not available.ObjectivesTo describe the case of a patient with treatment-resistant catatonic schizophrenia

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Ishida, Takuto, Takeshi Katagiri, Hiroyuki Uchida, Takefumi Suzuki, Koichiro Watanabe, and Masaru Mimura. "Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2012 (2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/261251.

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Pulmonary embolism is a serious, life-threatening condition and most commonly derives from deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Once deep vein thrombosis (DVT) reaches a proximal vein (i.e., popliteal vein or higher), pulmonary embolism reportedly occurs in up to 50% of patients.Case Presentation. We report on an inpatient with major depressive disorder in a catatonic state in whom an asymptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis of 11 × 70 mm was detected through routine screening, using doppler ultrasound scanning. Anticoagulant therapy was immediately started and continued for three

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Alekhina, T. A., and R. V. Kozhemjakina. "INTERSTRAIN DIFFERENCES IN EMOTIONAL AND WEIGHT INDICES IN GC RATS WITH CATATONIC RESPONSE AND WISTAR RATS." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 4 (2018): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.382.

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In selecting rats for behavior, we observe a direct natural effect and affect the nonspecific stress function. In this process, new behavioral phenotypes appear in the strain under selection. They differ from the selected forms in the selection criterion. In the GC strain, a large proportion of the so-called nervous rats emerge. The criterion presumes the selection for the long cataleptic freezing character, whereas the nervous rats display elevated motor excitement: running, jumping, and vocalization. The main purpose of our study was to assess phenotypic indices in GC rats (abbreviated from

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Sood, Suraj, Manish Kumar, and Nitin Bansal. "Ethanol extract of Epipremnum aureum leaves attenuate intranigral-rotenone induced Parkinson’s disease in rats." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 8, no. 1 (2020): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres19.619_8.3.225.

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Context: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor-symptoms attributed to profound (60 - 70%) neurodegeneration in the striatum and loss of dopamine thereof. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation are major contributors to neurodegenerative pathogenesis of PD. Epipremnum aureum is an ornamental plant found to possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aims: To evaluate the neuroprotective potential of ethanol extract of E. aureum (EEA) leaves against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods: Stereotaxic brain surgery was perform

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Koval-Zaytsev, A., N. Simashkova, and M. Ivanov. "Comorbidity of autism with hyperkinetic disorder." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S221—S222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.591.

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IntroductionAutism spectrum disorders encompass a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism may be accompanied by other mental and neurological disorders. Comorbidity in autism is the rule rather than the exception (as reflected in DSM-5).ObjectivesTo study comorbidity in patients with childhood autism and hyperkinetic disorder.MethodsSurveyed 102 patients aged 6–7 years who had infantile psychosis before the age of 3 years (F84.02), comorbid with hyperkinetic disorder (F90.0). Methods: clinical, psychological and psychometric (CARS, PEP, bfcrs, CGI, CPRS-R:S (parents’ form))

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Llovera García, L., L. Veiga Gil, L. Lopez Unzue, et al. "Non-convulsive epiletic seizure after electroconvulsive therapy session." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (2023): S1021—S1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2169.

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IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure performed under general anaesthesia involving triggering an intentional brief seizure through small electrical currents through the brain. The anaesthetic depth should be adequate prior to shock and measured with BIS, a processed electroencephalogram (EEG) monitor. Adjusting the hypnotic dose allows to decrease the ictal threshold and thus improve the response to treatment and decrease side effects.ObjectivesOur goal is detecting elements such as spontaneous epileptiform activity after ECT without tonic-clonic activity with the spectra

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Kaydan, M. A., and L. V. Bravve. "Clinical and psychopathological features of treatment-resistant schizophrenia." S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 125, no. 2 (2025): 43. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512502143.

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Objective. To study the psychopathological structure of resistant schizophrenia with the distinguishing of various clinical variants. Material and methods. The study was conducted at emergency departments of the round-the-clock Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, named after N.A. Alekseev. One hundred twelve patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were examined using clinical psychopathological and psychometric methods as standardized scales (PANSS and BFCRS). Results. Three clinical variants have been identified: impaired reasoning and perception with a predominance of delusional disorders

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Dosiak, M. M., and J. P. Wozniak. "Observation of the effectiveness of a comprehensive and systematic treatment and rehabilitation in the social house. A case report." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73077-2.

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IntroductionThe authors present a comprehensive-efficacy of pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation in the social house for people with mental health disorders carried out systematically for many years in the 40 year old patient.ObjectivesPatient 40 years old, male, secondary education, imposed a total inability to work. The first episode of the disease was in his 25 years, a syndrome of depression in a moderate degree, the next episode of schizophrenia-catatonic. In the therapy was used first generation antipsychotics, despite regular medication had not obtained complete remission and frequent exa

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Androsova, L., N. Simashkova, S. Zozulya, O. Shushpanova, I. Otman, and T. Klyushnik. "Inflammation and autoimmune indicators in the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in children." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.925.

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Introduction Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is one of the most urgent problems of psychiatry because of their high prevalence, diagnostic difficulties as well as insufficient knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Objectives To determine the number of inflammation markers in patients with various forms of ASD in links with features of a clinical condition for creating diagnostic criteria for differential diagnosis and improve reliability. Methods The clinical examination of patients (135 children with various ASD forms) was carried out by using psychometric scales (CARS, BFCRS, CGI-S). The

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Pochueva, V., and I. Kolykhalov. "Clinical and psychopathological features of very late onset of schizophrenia-like psychosis." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S341—S342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.705.

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IntroductionVery late onset schizophrenia-like psychosis takes the 3rd place among late-life psychosis, after dementia and affective disorders associated psychosis. It’s still unknown the real place of this psychosis.Objectivesto investigate the clinical and psychopathological features and short-terms outcomes of late-onset schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosisMethods45 patients, mean age 70,6 ±8,70 years, median age of manifestation psychosis - 68 [61; 75] years with late-onset schizophrenia (n=19, 42,2%), late-onset schizoaffective disorder (n=9, 20%), late-onset delusional disorder

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Savushkina, O. K., I. S. Boksha, T. A. Prokhorova, et al. "Activity of Platelet and Erythrocyte Enzymes of Glutathione Metabolism in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders with Periodic Catatonia." Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya) 22, no. 5 (2025): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-5-29-37.

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Background: oxidative stress and glutathione antioxidant system are pathogenetic chains involved both in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), and in the development of catatonia, which is often found in schizophrenia and SSD. The aim: is to stratify patients with periodic catatonia in schizophrenia and SSD, based on the activity of platelet and erythrocyte enzymes of glutathione system and to comparatively analyze the activity of the enzymes in patients with different forms of catatonia. Patients and Methods: patients with schizophrenia and SSD with hyp

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Edinoff, Amber N., Sarah E. Kaufman, Janice W. Hollier, et al. "Catatonia: Clinical Overview of the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Challenges." Neurology International 13, no. 4 (2021): 570–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13040057.

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Catatonia is a syndrome that has been associated with several mental illness disorders but that has also presented as a result of other medical conditions. Schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders such as mania and depression are known to be associated with catatonia; however, several case reports have been published of certain medical conditions inducing catatonia, including hyponatremia, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and liver transplantation. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis are also prominent causes of catatonia. Patients taking benzodiazepines or

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Mader, Edward C., Sunil H. Rathore, John D. England, Lionel A. Branch, and Brian J. Copeland. "Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Catatonia, Delirium, and Seizures in a Patient With Schizoaffective Disorder." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 232470962096949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2324709620969498.

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Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms vary from mild anxiety to life-threatening delirium or seizures. In susceptible individuals, such as those with mood disorders, benzodiazepine withdrawal may also precipitate catatonia. A 26-year-old man with schizoaffective disorder (depressed type with catatonia) ran out of lorazepam and presented with catatonia, delirium, and seizures. He was taking olanzapine, venlafaxine, and trazodone for schizoaffective disorder. Lorazepam 2 mg twice daily kept him free of catatonia for 6 months. Besides catatonia and delirium, lorazepam withdrawal also triggered convu

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Ogunlela, A., and H. Raai. "Catatonia; A Case Study and Literature Review." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1988.

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Introduction Catatonia is a state of apparent unresponsiveness to external stimuli in a person who is awake. More common in patients with unipolar major depression or bipolar disorder. Common signs: immobility, rigidity, mutism, posturing, excessive motor activity, stupor, negativism, staring, and echolalia. We will discuss a case of a 23 year old male with schizophrenia presented with catatonia and decompensation of his schizophrenia in the context of medication non-compliance. We will discuss findings from litrature pertaining to catatonia and treatment strategies. Objectives - To discuss ca

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Walther, Sebastian, and Werner Strik. "Catatonia." CNS Spectrums 21, no. 4 (2016): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852916000274.

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One of the most exciting psychiatric conditions is the bizarre psychomotor syndrome called catatonia, which may present with a large number of different motor signs and even vegetative instability. Catatonia is potentially life threatening. The use of benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been efficient in the majority of patients. The rich clinical literature of the past has attempted to capture the nature of catatonia. But the lack of diagnostic clarity and operationalization has hampered research on catatonia for a long time. Within the last decades, it became clear that c

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Berthelot, Jessica, Jacob Cambre, Madeline Erwin, and Jennifer Phan. "Catatonia as a Result of a Traumatic Brain Injury." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2024 (March 6, 2024): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5184741.

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Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome typically marked by disturbances in motor activity, speech, and behavior. It has historically been associated with psychiatric illness, but acute medical illness, neurocognitive disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders can cause catatonia as well. Catatonia is likely underrecognized and underdiagnosed in the general medical hospital, despite high risks of morbidity and mortality and the availability of rapidly effective treatment. Here, we present a case of catatonia secondary to traumatic brain injury that responded to lorazepam after a delayed diag

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Jean Claude, Makenga Bof, Bugnon Carine, Karamalla Akram, Masse Benjamin, Biyong Issack, and Lucchelli Juan Pablo. "Management of Catatonia at Bernese Jura Hospital, Mental Health Pole in Bellelay, Switzerland." International Journal of Psychiatry 10, no. 01 (2025): 01–13. https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.10.01.10.

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Background Catatonia is a neurogenic motor and behavioral syndrome characterized by a range of physical manifestations, from profound immobility to excessive motor activity. It is often associated with stupor and other behavioral abnormalities. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of catatonia signs, evaluate the treatment methods used, and identify predictive factors for catatonia in affected patients. Methods This retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study included all patients diagnosed with catatonia based on DSM-5 criteria and treated at the Bernese Jura Hospital,

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Dhossche, D. M. "Сatatonia in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Diagnosis, Therapy and Clinical Science". Autism and Developmental Disorders 17, № 1 (2019): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2019170104.

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Catatonia has been increasingly recognized as a comorbid syndrome of autism at a rate of 12—17% in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Symptoms that should alert the clinician for catatonia are markedly increased psychomotor slowness which may alternate with excessive motor activity, apparently purposeless, and not influenced by external stimuli, extreme negativism or muteness, stereotypy, peculiarities of voluntary movement, increased stereotypies with or without self-injury, echolalia, or echopraxia. Upsetting life events, the loss of routine and structure, experienc

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Boyer, P., and A. J. Puech. "Determinants for clinical activity of neuroleptic drugs: chemical substances, doses, assessment tools." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 2, no. 4 (1987): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x0000095x.

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SummaryAs emphasized by Lecrubier in 1980, the major finding of the last thirty years of classical neuroleptic use in schizophrenia is not that they are antischizophrenic or antipsychotic agents, but that they act on positive symptoms whatever the cause. There is now a widely accepted attribution of this kind of therapeutic property to the post-synaptic dopaminergic blockade induced by most of the neuroleptics when administered at high doses. On the other hand, during the last decade, various authors have reported clear evidence for a disinhibitory action of some neuroleptics when used at low

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Arancibia, Marcelo, Álvaro Cavieres, and Ulises Ríos. "Catatonia: A narrative review of its historical development, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and therapeutics." Medwave 23, no. 06 (2023): e2703-e2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2023.06.2703.

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Catatonia was initially a clinical presentation of certain types of schizophrenia, but basic and epidemiological evidence has demonstrated its association with multiple somatic and psychiatric conditions. We describe and discuss current clinical, etiological, pathophysiological, and therapeutic concepts regarding catatonia. We conducted a broad narrative review of articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed. The diagnosis is clinical and can be supported by additional tests, but there are psychometric instruments with different clinical focus. The most validated subtypes are inhibited and excited cat

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Badgaiyan, Rajendra D. "Nonconscious processing, anterior cingulate, and catatonia." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 5 (2002): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02230101.

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A composite cognitive model of a neuropsychiatric condition should integrate clinical symptoms with the impairments of cognitive information processing. A model of catatonia, for example, should emphasize deficits of nonconscious information processing that impair a patient's ability to use implicit motor feedback for execution and termination of a voluntary motor activity.

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Bansode, Mira T., V. J. Chaware, and V. K. Redasani. "Evaluation of anticataleptic activity of Hydroxytyrosol on Haloperidol induced Catalepsy in Experimental Animal." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 4 (2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.990.

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Catalepsy is a symptom resulting from problems with the nervous system, and causes muscular rigidity. People with the symptoms may also be less sensitive to touch and have a decreased sensitivity to pain. Catalepsy generally causes people to be unresponsive to speech. It is similar to catatonia, a condition marked by strange movements, lack of movement, and/or general non responsiveness. However, it typically has an underlying physiological cause and does not cause stereotyped movements.

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López-Díaz, Álvaro, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola, Victor Ortiz-García de la Foz, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, and Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla. "M97. PREDICTORS OF TRANSITION TO SCHIZOPHRENIA IN BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER: FINDINGS FROM A 3-YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN THE PAFIP COHORT." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S171—S172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.409.

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Abstract Background The category ‘brief psychotic disorder’ (BPD) is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a short-lived psychotic condition in which delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech or grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour are present for at least 1 day but less than 1 month. BPD is a relatively uncommon disease accounting for 2–7% of first-episode psychoses (FEP) and it has been poorly investigated in comparison with other psychotic disorders, probably due to its low prevalence and associated good prognosis. However, FEP patients wi

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Ingale, Suvarna, and Foram Gandhi. "Effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on pharmacological models of epilepsy and anxiety in mice." International Journal of Epilepsy 03, no. 01 (2016): 012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijep.2016.02.001.

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Abstract Objective Among the psychiatric co-morbidities in epilepsy, anxiety disorders are highly frequent and have profound influence on the quality of life of epilepsy patients. Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments including anxiety and epilepsy. However, no scientific evidence exists to support its use. We studied antiepileptic and anxiolytic activities of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves (AEMO). Methods Antiepileptic activity was evaluated using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure and maximum electroshock (MES) in

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Li Sin, Gwen, and Tharmmambal Balakrishnan. "T108. CASE REPORT OF A PATIENT WITH CATATONIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.668.

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Abstract Background Catatonia is a condition defined by the presence of marked psychomotor features that typically include decreased motor activity, decreased engagement or excessive or peculiar motor activity. It is frequently associated with schizophrenia, but also presents in individuals with mood disorders or other neurological or medical conditions. Methods We present the case of a 40 year old single Chinese female with borderline intellectual disability who was working as a sales assistant. She presented to medical services with poor oral intake and 8kg weight loss over two months. There

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Northoff, G., A. Richter, M. Gessner, A. Leschinger, H. Heinze, and B. Bogerts. "Alterations in orbitofrontal activity in catatonia: A combined fMRI/MEG study." Schizophrenia Research 41, no. 1 (2000): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(00)90638-8.

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Kamal, Ayeesha K., and Nicholas D. Schiff. "Does the form of akinetic mutism linked to mesodiencephalic injuries bridge the double dissociation of Parkinson's disease and catatonia?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 5 (2002): 586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02310100.

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Northoff provides a compelling argument supporting a kind of “double dissociation” of Parkinson's disease and catatonia. We discuss a related form of akinetic mutism linked to mesodiencephalic injuries and suggest an alternative to the proposed “horizontal” versus “vertical” modulation distinction. Rather than a “directional” difference in patterned neuronal activity, we propose that both disorders reflect hypersynchrony within typically interdependent but segregated networks facilitated by a common thalamic gating mechanism.

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Bharadwaj, Balaji, Ayyanar Sugaparaneetharan, and Ravi P. Rajkumar. "Graves' disease presenting with catatonia: a probable case of encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 24, no. 6 (2012): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2012.00654.x.

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Bharadwaj B, Sugaparaneetharan A, Rajkumar RP. Graves' disease presenting with catatonia: a probable case of encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease.Introduction: Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD) is diagnosed when neuropsychiatric symptoms of acute or sub-acute onset occur along with clinical or subclinical autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. Supporting evidence includes the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. The thyroid hormone alteration is not sufficient to explain the neuropsychiatric manifestations. T

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Ananth, Jambur, Kamala Aduri, Sharath Parameswaran, and Sarath Gunatilake. "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 16, no. 4 (2004): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.00085.x.

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is associated with the administration of antipsychotic agents and other drugs such as l-dopa, antidepressants, and antihistaminic agents. Unexpected changes in mental status, new-onset catatonia, episodic tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, dysarthria, dysphagia, diaphoresis, sialorrhea, incontinence, low-grade temperature elevations, and rigidity should arouse suspicion. Several lines of evidence provide support for the involvement of dopamine. Most of the drugs implicated in NMS are D2 dopamine receptor antagonists. Central noradrenergic activity is als

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D'Souza, Galina Lisa. "Psychosis Post Uncomplicated Dengue Fever - an Uncommon Manifestation." BJPsych Open 9, S1 (2023): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.341.

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AimsDengue is caused by an arbovirus and is a common vector borne disease in south east Asia. Each year upto 400million people get infected with dengue and 40,000 die from severe dengue. Psychiatric symptoms following dengue fever is relatively uncommon. Mania is the most common psychiatric disorder reported followed by anxiety, depression and catatonia. We present to you a 19 year old girl who presented with psychosis 10 days post recovery from dengueMethodsA 19 year old bachelors in commerce student hailing from rural south India from a middle socioeconomic family presented to us with fearfu

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