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1

Anderssen, Merete. The acquisition of functional categories. Oslo: Novus Press, 1996.

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2

1963-, Sanders Ted, and Sweetser Eve, eds. Causal categories in discourse and cognition. New York, N.Y: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009.

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3

Mari, Hugo, Renato de Mello, and Ana Maria Nápoles Villela. Categorias e práticas de análise do discurso. Belo Horizonte: Núcleo de Análise do Discurso, FALE-UFMG, 2000.

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4

Obeng, Samuel Gyasi. Conversational strategies in Akan: Prosodic features and discourse categories. Köln: Köppe, 1999.

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5

Grewendorf, Günther, and Thomas Ede Zimmermann. Discourse and grammar: From sentence types to lexical categories. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2012.

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6

Floyd, Rick. La estructura categorial de los evidenciales en el quechua wanka. Lima, Perú: Ministerio de Educación, 1997.

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7

Andrighetto, Giulia. Universali linguistici e categorie grammaticali: La teoria delle parti del discorso. Pisa: ETS, 2009.

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8

Andrighetto, Giulia. Universali linguistici e categorie grammaticali: La teoria delle parti del discorso. Pisa: ETS, 2009.

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9

Mirchenko, M. V. Vybrani prat︠s︡i z katehoriĭnoï hramatyky ta linhvotekstolohiï. Lut︠s︡ʹk: Redakt︠s︡iĭnyĭ viddil Volynsʹkoho nat︠s︡ionalʹnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukraïnky, 2011.

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10

Timothy, Fitzgerald. Discourse on civility and barbarity: A critical history of religion and related categories. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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11

Cuyckens, H. Adpositions of movement. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub., 2005.

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12

Lampert, Martina. Die parenthetische Konstruktion als textuelle Strategie: Zur kognitiven und kommunikativen Basis einer grammatischen Kategorie. München: O. Sagner, 1992.

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13

Lampert, Martina. Die parenthetische Konstruktion als textuelle Strategie: Zur kognitiven und kommunikativen Basis einer Grammatischen Kategorie. Bern: Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, 1992.

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14

Rivadossi, Silvia. Sciamani urbani. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-414-1.

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What does it mean to be a ‘shaman’ in present-day Tokyo today? In what way(s) is the role of the shamanic practitioner represented at a popular level? Are certain characteristics emphasised and others downplayed? This book offers an answer to these questions through the analysis of a specific discourse on shamans that emerged in the Japanese metropolitan context between the late 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a discourse that the more ‘traditional’ approaches to the study on shamanism do not take into account. In order to better contextualise this specific discourse, the volume opens with a brief historical account of the formation of the academic discourse on shamans. Within the theoretical framework offered by critical discourse analysis and by means of multi-sited ethnographic research, it then weaves together different case studies: three novels by Taguchi Randy, a manga, a TV series and the case of an urban shaman who is mostly active in Tokyo. The main elements emerging from these case studies are explored by situating them in the precise historical and social context within which the discourse has been developed. This shows that the new discourse analysed shares several characteristics with the more ‘traditional’ and accepted discourses on shamanism, while at the same time differing in certain respects. In this work, particular attention is given to how the category and term ‘shaman’ is defined, used and re-negotiated in the Japanese metropolitan context. Through this approach, the book aims to further problematize the categories of ‘shaman’ and ‘shamanism’, by highlighting certain aspects that are not yet accepted by many scholars, even though they constitute a discourse that is relevant and effective.
15

Abdullah, Walid Jumblatt. Islam in a Secular State. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724012.

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The overtly secular state of Singapore has unapologetically maintained an interventionist approach to governance in the realm of religion. Islam is particularly managed by the state. Muslim activists thus have to meticulously navigate these realities – in addition to being a minority community – in order to maximize their influence in the political system. Significantly, Muslim activists are not a monolith: there exists a multitude of political and theological differences amongst them. Islam in a Secular State: Muslim Activism in Singapore analyses the following categories of Muslim activists: Islamic religious scholars (ulama), liberal Muslims, and the more conservative-minded individuals. Due to constricting political realities, many activists attempt to align themselves with the state, and call upon the state to be an arbiter in their disagreements with other factions. Though there are activists who challenge the state, these are by far in the minority, and are typically unable to assert their influence in a sustained manner. The author draws upon his own experiences as a researcher and as someone who was involved in some of the discourses explored in this book.
16

Sweetser, Eve, and Ted Sanders. Causal Categories in Discourse and Cognition. De Gruyter, Inc., 2009.

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17

Sweetser, Eve, and Ted Sanders. Causal Categories in Discourse and Cognition. De Gruyter, Inc., 2009.

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18

Renker, Elizabeth. Reality Categories in Periodical Poems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808787.003.0003.

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One of the larger questions hovering over scholarship in American literary realism is how certain orders of experience came to count as “real,” and, crucially, as opposed to what. Yet, ironically, most scholarship on realism has not “counted” poems as part of the evolving discourse of realism. Periodical poems about reality categories are in fact extremely common in print culture after 1866. This chapter traces the larger dialogic scene in which poems articulate an array of emergent realist and idealist positions as antitheses. Individual poems work out (or take confused sides in) these larger debates about reality categories as philosophical concepts, as artistic concepts, and as both pertain to the sphere of “poetry” in particular. The meanings of these poems are social ones, arising in public scenes of conversation, dispute, and debate.
19

Floyd, Rick. The Structure of Evidential Categories in Wanka Quechua (SIL International and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics, vol.131). SIL International, 1999.

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20

Georgievna, Koshevai͡a︡ Inna, and Moskovskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ pedagogicheskiĭ institut imeni V.I. Lenina., eds. Grammaticheskie kategorii v tekste: Mezhvuzovskiĭ sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Moskva: Moskovskiĭ gos. pedagog. in-t im. V.I. Lenina, 1985.

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21

Jones, David Andrew. Blurring Categories of Identity in Contemporary French Literature: Jean Genet's Subversive Discourse. Edwin Mellen Pr, 2008.

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22

Narrog, Heiko. The Expression of Non-Epistemic Modal Categories. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.5.

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This chapter gives an overview of the cross-linguistic expression of non-epistemic modality. Following the issue of morphological expression, including covert (implicit) expression, deviations from one-meaning–one-form, and biases in the expression of non-epistemic possibility and necessity are presented. Then morphosyntactic aspects of the expression of non-epistemic modality are discussed, especially non-canonical case marking associated with the use of non-epistemic modal expressions, and the question of order between modal expressions and expressions of other grammatical categories. The chapter ends with a brief subsection on modal concord and on the use of non-epistemic modal expressions in discourse.
23

Fitzgerald, Timothy. Discourse on Civility and Barbarity: A Critical History of Religion and Related Categories. Oxford University Press, 2007.

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24

Van Dijk, Teun A. Ideology and Discourse. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.007.

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This chapter focuses specifically on the neglected discursive and cognitive dimensions of the theory of ideology, as part of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS). Ideologies are defined as basic shared systems of social cognitions of groups. They control group attitudes (e.g. about immigration, abortion, divorce, etc.) and mental models of group members about specific events and experiences. Polarized (Us versus Them) ideological representations and their categories (identity, actions, goals, norms/values, reference groups, and resources) control all levels of ideological discourse (topics, lexicon, meanings, interaction, etc.). The overall strategy of ideological discourse is the enhancement of Our Good Things, and Their Bad Things, and the Mitigation of Our Bad Things and Their Good Things, at all levels of discourse structure—the so-called Ideological Square. A debate in British Parliament on Asylum Seekers is used as an illustration of the theory.
25

A, Plungi︠a︡n V., Gusev V. I︠U︡, Urmanchieva A. I︠U︡, and Institut i︠a︡zykoznanii︠a︡ (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk). Problemnai︠a︡ gruppa po teorii grammatiki., eds. Grammaticheskie kategorii v diskurse. Moskva: Gnozis, 2008.

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26

A, Plungi︠a︡n V., Gusev V. I︠U︡, Urmanchieva A. I︠U︡, and Institut i︠a︡zykoznanii︠a︡ (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk). Problemnai︠a︡ gruppa po teorii grammatiki., eds. Grammaticheskie kategorii v diskurse. Moskva: Gnozis, 2008.

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27

Potter, Jonathan. Discourse of community and conflict: The organization of social categories in accounts of a "riot". 1987.

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28

Jaquet, Chantal. Variations of the Mixed Discourse. Translated by Tatiana Reznichenko. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433181.003.0006.

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Lastly, on the basis of this definition, the author shows how affects shed light on the body-mind relationship and provide an opportunity to produce a mixed discourse that focuses, by turns, on the mental, physical, or psychophysical aspect of affect. The final chapter has two parts: – An analysis of the three categories of affects: mental, physical, and psychophysical – An examination of the variations of Spinoza’s discourse Some affects, such as satisfaction of the mind, are presented as mental, even though they are correlated with the body. Others, such as pain or pleasure, cheerfulness (hilaritas) or melancholy are mainly rooted in the body, even though the mind forms an idea of them. Still others are psychophysical, such as humility or pride, which are expressed at once as bodily postures and states of mind. These affects thus show us how the mind and body are united, all the while expressing themselves differently and specifically, according to their own modalities.
29

El-Issa, Anwar. The Lexico-Grammatical Categories of Theme as an Index of Genre in Discourse Analysis: A Functional Approach. AuthorHouse, 2016.

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30

Dudoignon, Stéphane A. History and Memory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655914.003.0002.

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A geographical survey of Iranian Baluchistan highlights the modern transformation of the desert/oasis dichotomy, and the socioeconomic impact of this evolution upon political and religious authority within the Baluch world. Examining the discourses of different categories of primary sources on the Baluch, the chapter highlights the changing perception by diverse observers of Baluch religiosity and religious identity since the early twentieth century. It also shows, notably, how Iranian anticolonial discourse in the 1960s-70s exposed the impact of Shia migration to the country’s Sunni-peopled periphery upon the consolidation of an ethno-social Sunni minority identity. Dealing with Baluch historiography, the chapter discusses how Baluch chroniclers have promoted, since the 1960s, a typology of heroes and values in which the ulama and Islamic discourse tend to replace tribal leaders and pastoral ethics of previous centuries. The chapter underlines the role played in this discursive change and the contest of the tribal chieftains’ power, by representatives of the oases world and of minor tribal groups of landowning status.
31

Bhatia, Aditi. The Discursive Portrayals of Osama bin Laden. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038860.003.0002.

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This chapter illustrates how the creation of illusive categories and perceptions through the use of religious metaphor, among other rhetorical tools, culminated in the inevitable dichotomy in the way the world perceived Osama bin Laden. It thus conceptualizes bin Laden's discourse as a set of discursive illusions, in which the dual faces created of and by him turn out to be two sides of the same coin. Drawing on a combination of analytical tools, which include the historical approach, membership categorization analysis, and discourse as metaphor, the chapter analyzes a selection of speeches by Osama bin Laden and George W. Bush in an attempt to illustrate how both parties use almost identical forms of discourse in order to produce diametrically opposed conceptualizations of reality. It illustrates how Osama bin Laden played the role of both the evil terrorist and the brave champion of Islam through the creation of discursive illusions.
32

Weinreb, Alice. Blood and Soil. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190605094.003.0003.

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This chapter analyzes the food economy of the Third Reich, arguing that the Nazi state relied on individual food acts (eating, cooking, and shopping) to create and maintain racial categories. It looks at the ways in which the country’s rationing program gave new categories of race, and especially the category of the Jew, bodily significance by shaping what people could and should eat. This also meant that racial belonging determined life by determining food supply. Not only Jews and other undesirable races but also Aryans were defined through the food system. This was done by Nazi agricultural discourse that linked racial health with controlling Eastern European farming land, as well by as the valorization of specific foods like the casserole (Eintopf) and whole-grain bread.
33

Llano, Samuel. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199392469.003.0001.

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The introduction analyzes the impact of modernization and population growth on Madrid’s society from the 1850s to the 1930s, attending to the widening of social inequalities and the escalation of problems such as crime, epidemics, and poverty. In addition, the introduction lays out the theoretical framework of the book. On one hand, it explores the different ways in which the relationship between marginality and social control can manifest in society and accounts for the way in which music can help to negotiate those tensions. On the other hand, it explores the construction of discourse around the categories music, noise, and sound. The media used those categories to marginalize certain sound and musical practices and to prompt legal and police action against the groups that owned them.
34

Rahmani, Masoumeh. Drifting through Samsara. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579961.001.0001.

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Goenka’s Vipassana movement is distinguished for its consistent refusal to identify as Buddhist and its rich rhetorical repertoire for repackaging Theravada Buddhist teachings in pseudo-scientific and secular language. This book is an in-depth qualitative study of Goenka’s movement in New Zealand. It illustrates the implication of the movement’s discourse on shaping unique processes and narratives of conversion and disengagement. It argues that conversion to this movement is tacit and paradoxically results in the members’ rejection of religious labels and categories. The book subsequently examines disengagement in the context of tacit conversion, outlining three pathways: (1) pragmatic leaving, (2) disaffiliation, and (3) deconversion. Pragmatic leavers refer to individuals who disengaged prior to developing a commitment and their language is characterised by pragmatisms, dualistic discourse, and ambivalence, and their post-disengagement involves an active gravitation towards practices with easily accomplished goals. Disaffiliates and deconverts are individuals who disengaged after years of intense commitment to the movement. One of the distinguishing features of disaffiliation narratives is self-doubt resulting from the movement’s ambiguous discourse regarding progress, and that post-disengagement often involves the retrospective adoption of the Buddhist identity. The book argues that consequential to its linguistic strategies as well as the movement’s relation to the host culture, deconversion from this movement is a rare exit pattern. The book thus also questions the normative participant recruitment approach in conversion studies and argues that a simple reliance on the informants’ identification or rejection of categories fails to encompass the tonalities of conversion in the contemporary spiritual landscape.
35

Ruby, Sigrid, and Anja Krause, eds. Sicherheit und Differenz in historischer Perspektive | Security and Difference in Historical Perspective. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748925316.

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The contributions in this book examine historical and current conceptions of security, i.e. discourses and practices aimed at collective security, with regard to their interrelationship with categories of diversity such as gender, race, status, religion, etc. and how and where they intersect. What does a historical perspective contribute to an intersectional critique of security studies? Multidisciplinary and using diverse empirical research subjects from the Middle Ages to the present, the book analyses the perception, significance and effects of practices and discourses relevant to security. It will appeal to experts engaged in historical and social science (security) research, but also to a broader readership interested in security and diversity.
36

Ward, Gregory, Betty J. Birner, and Elsi Kaiser. Pragmatics and Information Structure. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.10.

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Information structure deals with the question of how—and specifically, in what order—we choose to present the informational content of a proposition. In English and many other languages, this content is structured in such a way that given, or familiar, information precedes new, or unfamiliar, information. Because givenness and newness are largely matters of what has come previously in the discourse, information structuring is inextricably tied to matters of context—in particular, the prior linguistic context—and this is what makes information structure quintessentially pragmatic in nature. While it has long been recognized that various non-canonical word orders function to preserve a given-before-new ordering in an utterance, a great deal of research has focused on how to determine the specific categories of givenness and newness that matter for information structuring. A growing body of psycholinguistic work explores the role that these categories play in language comprehension.
37

Williamson, George S. Myth. Edited by Joel D. S. Rasmussen, Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.013.35.

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This chapter examines the nineteenth-century discourse on myth and its influence on Christian theological and cultural debate from the 1790s to the eve of the First World War. After preliminary comments on the eighteenth century, it examines five ‘key’ moments in this history: the Romantic idea of a ‘new mythology’ (focusing on Friedrich Schelling); the ‘religious’ turn in myth scholarship c.1810 (Friedrich Creuzer); debates over the role of myth in the gospels (focusing on David Strauss and Christian Weisse); theories of language and race and their impact on myth scholarship; and Arthur Drews’ The Christ Myth and the debate over the historicity of Jesus. This chapter argues that the discourse on myth (in Germany and elsewhere) was closely bound to the categories and assumptions of Christian theology, reproducing them even as it undermined the authority of the Bible, the clergy, and the churches.
38

Sauer, Michelle M., and Jenny C. Bledsoe, eds. The Materiality of Middle English Anchoritic Devotion. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781641894883.

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Anchorites and their texts, such as <i>Ancrene Wisse</i>, have recently undergone a reevaluation based on material circumstances, not just theological import. The articles here address a variety of anchoritic or anchoritic-adjacent texts, encompassing guidance literature, hagiographies, miracle narratives, medical discourse, and mystic prose, and spanning in date from the eighth through the fourteenth centuries. Exploring reclusion and materiality, the collection addresses a series of overlapping themes, including the importance of touch, the limits of religious authority, and the role of the senses. Objects, metaphorical and real, embodied and spiritual, populate the pages. These categories are permeable, with flexible and porous boundaries, demonstrating the conflation of ideas, concepts, and manifestations in medieval materiality. In fact, the permeability of these categories demonstrates how materiality can reshape our approach to medieval texts. It leaves room for directions for future study, including the application of material analysis to previously unstudied objects, spaces, and literary artifacts.
39

Kripal, Jeffrey J. Sexuality and the Erotic. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0010.

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The biological, psychological, cultural, and ethical complexities of what we today call sexuality, gender, sexual orientation, and sexual trauma have been the focus of intense research for well over a century now. It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of this corporate knowledge for how we have come to see “religion,” and it is worth noting that both the modern categories of religion and sexuality as signs marking fields of rational discourse and critical study were born more or less together within the same time period (the nineteenth and twentieth centuries) and within the same cultural institution (the Western university). This article examines the abstract categories of sexuality, gender, sexual orientation, the erotic, desire, and sexual trauma. It concludes with two individual fields of sexual-religious emotion and, in this case, two historical female bodies, one (apparently) heterosexual, the other homosexual or bisexual: Mother Ann Lee, the charismatic founder of the American Shaker community, and the contemporary Hollywood actress, Anne Heche.
40

Leader-Picone, Cameron. Black and More than Black. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496824516.001.0001.

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This book analyzes twenty-first century African American fiction through the proliferation of post categories that arose in the new millennium. These post categories—post-black, post-racialism, post-Soul—articulate a shift away from the racial aesthetics associated with the Black Arts Movement and argue for the individual agency of Black artists over the meaning of racial identity in their work. Analyzing key works by Colson Whitehead, Alice Randall, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Paul Beatty, Jesmyn Ward, and Kiese Laymon, this book argues that twenty-first century African American fiction highlights the push and pull between claims of post-civil rights progress and the recognition of the entrenchment of structural racism. The book contextualizes this shift through the rise of, and presidency of, Barack Obama and the revision of Du Boisian double consciousness. It examines Obama through an analysis of the discourse surrounding his rise, Obama’s own writings, and his appearance as a character. The book concludes that while the claims of progress associated with Barack Obama’s presidency and the post era categories to which it was connected were overly optimistic, they represent a major shift towards an individualistic conception of racial identity that continues to resist claims of responsibility imposed on Black artists.
41

Owen, Stephen. Key Concepts of “Literature”. Edited by Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li, and Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.1.

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“Literature” is a discursive field that is bounded by other discursive fields that are “not literature.” Reflection on that field as such can be traced to the early second century ce under the category wen. Wen was a much older and broader category that characterized certain qualities in a text, a person, or even the condition of an age. Critical reflection on wen was sustained for about four centuries, but the elusiveness of the term blurred the bibliographical category. Gradually, in the eighth and ninth centuries, critical discourse shifted to the large genre categories, to poetry and to wen redefined as “prose.”
42

Trencsényi, Balázs, Michal Kopeček, Luka Lisjak Gabrijelčič, Maria Falina, Mónika Baár, and Maciej Janowski. Toward a Conservative Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737155.003.0005.

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The interwar radicalization of politics in East Central Europe was linked to the proliferation of a discourse of crisis. Symptoms of crisis could be localized in certain social groups, institutions, and social relations, such as the generational cleavage. Since the topos of crisis was not bound to any particular ideology, the very same discourse was used by liberal and leftist intellectuals as well. Nevertheless, the most plausible ideological framework offering a way out of the crisis seemed to be the “conservative revolution,” promising to restore the continuity of traditions that had been interrupted by the breakthrough of modernity. This led to the proliferation of “national metaphysics,” defining the specificity of the respective nation with ontological categories. Another face of this “conservative revolution” was the politicization of religion, linked to the renewed interest in myth and popular religiosity. At the same time, there was also a conservative anti-totalitarian stance and, in a few cases, a left-wing reorientation of certain religious subcultures.
43

Pedrini, Federico. Le «clausole generali». Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg269.

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Il volume sviluppa una riflessione intorno alla figura giuridica delle “clausole generali”, evidenziandone la collocazione all’interno delle categorie della scienza del diritto, indagandone gli elementi costitutivi e approfondendo criticamente il suo rapporto con la dimensione "costituzionale” dell’ordinamento giuridico. Lo studio prende le mosse analizzando lo statuto metodologico del “discorso intorno alle clausole generali”, indicando le più ricorrenti cause d’equivoco che contraddistinguono la materia e predisponendo quale rimedio un chiaro apparato stipulativo, sulla cui scorta l’indagine si rivolge poi a quei rami della scienza giuridica (soprattutto civilistica e teorico-generale) che alla categoria in parola hanno tradizionalmente dedicato la maggior attenzione. Tale percorso consente all’Autore di mettere in luce la “pluralità” dei concetti di clausole generali, enucleando per ciascuno di essi le caratteristiche strutturali e funzionali e tracciandone un primo bilancio, che costituisce la base per la successiva ricerca sul piano del diritto costituzionale. Ed è qui che viene in evidenza come il rapporto fra Costituzione e clausole generali intrecci i fili della sua trama con argomenti chiave della scienza costituzionalistica come ad esempio quello delle norme “a fattispecie aperta”, delle formule “compromissorie” o dei “principi/valori”. L’indagine dogmatica viene poi affiancata da un’attenta analisi della giurisprudenza costituzionale in tema di clausole generali, le cui risultanze sono occasione per delineare lo scenario conclusivo d’un approccio critico che consenta effettivamente di “prendere sul serio” le clausole generali costituzionali.
44

Gelbart, Matthew. Musical Genre and Romantic Ideology. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646929.001.0001.

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Abstract European Romanticism gave rise to a powerful discourse equating genres to constrictive rules and forms that great art should transcend; and yet without the categories and intertextual references we hold in our minds, “music” would be meaningless noise. This book teases out that paradox, charting the workings and legacies of Romantic artistic values such as originality and anti-commercialism in relation to musical genre. Genre’s persistent power was amplified by music’s inevitably practical social, spatial, and institutional frames. Furthermore, starting in the nineteenth century, all music, even the most anti-commercial, was stamped by its relationship to the marketplace, entrenching associations between genres and target publics (whether based on ideas of nation, gender, class, or subtler aspects of identity). These newly strengthened correlations made genre, if anything, more potent rather than less, despite Romantic claims. In case studies from across nineteenth-century Europe engaging with canonical music by Bizet, Chopin, Verdi, Wagner, and Brahms, alongside representative genres such as opéra-comique and the piano ballade, Gelbart explores the processes through which composers, performers, critics, and listeners gave sounds, and themselves, a sense of belonging. He examines genre vocabulary and discourse, the force of generic titles, how avant-garde music is absorbed through and into familiar categories, and how interpretation can be bolstered or undercut by genre agreements. Even in a modern world where transcription and sound recording can take any music into an infinite array of new spatial and social situations, we are still locked in the Romantics’ ambivalent tussle with genre.
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Atrey, Shreya. Intersectional Discrimination. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848950.001.0001.

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Why has intersectionality fallen by the wayside of discrimination law? Thirty years after Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term ‘intersectionality’, discrimination lawyers continue to be plagued by this question across a range of jurisdictions, including the US, UK, South Africa, India, Canada, as well as the UN treaty body jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of the EU and the ECHR. Claimants continue to struggle to establish intersectional claims based on more than one ground of discrimination. This book renews the bid for realizing intersectionality in comparative discrimination law. It presents a juridical account of intersectional discrimination as a category of discrimination inspired by intersectionality theory, and distinct from other categories of thinking about discrimination including strict, substantial, capacious, and contextual forms of single-axis discrimination, multiple discrimination, additive discrimination as in combination or compound discrimination, and embedded discrimination. Intersectional discrimination, defined in these theoretical and categorial terms, then needs to be translated into doctrine, recalibrating each of the central concepts and tools of discrimination law to respond to it—including the text of non-discrimination guarantees, the idea of grounds, the test for analogous grounds, the distinction between direct and indirect discrimination, the substantive meaning of discrimination, the use of comparators, the justification analysis and standard of review, the burden of proof between parties, and the range of remedies available. With this, the book presents a granular account of intersectional discrimination in theoretical, conceptual, and doctrinal terms, and aims to transform discrimination law in the process of realizing intersectionality within its discourse.
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Nash, Geoffrey. Religion, Orientalism and Modernity. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474451680.001.0001.

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Falling within the disciplines of postcolonial religious and literary studies this book examines the colonial dimensions behind the development of three modern mahdi movements: the Babis and Baha’is of Iran and the Ahmadiyya from South Asia. The book attempts to evaluate western interest in these religious movements according to key thematic paradigms: Orientalism, race, and the politics of empire. It questions whether movements with mahdi claims and reform agendas emerging in the Islamicate world in the period in question adopted the Orientalist discourse of the coloniser, and if so, why? The main objective of the study is to situate the rationale for deployment of Orientalist discourse in Baha’i narratives and to probe their connections to categories of empire and modernity. This is in turn linked to ideas about the revival of religion in the Islamicate domains and beyond, the relationship between religion and modernity and, in particular, the way in which European notions about the backwardness of Muslim states in relation to their indigenous minorities was inscribed into Baha’i literature in English
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Garnett, Liz. Choral Pedagogy and the Construction of Identity. Edited by Frank Abrahams and Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.7.

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This chapter examines how theories of identity construction can usefully inform choral praxis. It starts with an outline of key concepts in theories of identity and how they can help us understand the processes by which choirs inculcate their members into their particular choral culture. It then examines three areas particularly salient for the choral leader. The first is the phenomenon of “non-singers”: how they emerge as a by-product of western cultural discourses, and what can be done to rehabilitate them. The second is the interpenetration of social and musical identity categories: how elements we may think of as “purely” musical are constructed in terms of wider social categories, including the habitus of the cultural environment, and the implications for how we frame the choral techniques we use. The third is the relationship between individual and group: how an ensemble establishes a corporate, supra-personal identity, and ways to facilitate this.
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Pardue, Derek. Kriolu Interruptions of Luso. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039676.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the new challenges of identity politics that arose after 1974 with the official end of Portuguese colonialism and the implosion of the Salazar-Caetano fascist regime. More specifically, it considers the ways that Cape Verdean Kriolu's conflicted essence both reinforces and interrupts the national paradigm of Portuguese belonging and inclusion represented in a host of Luso categories and discourses. The chapter first argues for the importance of Creole by using history, theory, and ethnography. It then discusses the power of Lusotropicalism as an organizing ideology that continues to inform Portuguese notions of national identity. It also looks at Kriolu rappers and their challenges to lusotropicalism and other Luso discourses, such as Lusofonia. Finally, it highlights the manners in which Kriolu has become a vehicle for difference and discontent in the former metropole of Lisbon.
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Stirr, Anna Marie. Sounding and Staging Village Nepal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631970.003.0005.

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This chapter turns to how commercial dohori represents an idealized version of a rural hill village through music, lyrics, dance, and visual aspects, and how such representations contribute to dohori’s mediating role among social categories, spaces, and places. Looking at representations of the rural in songs, music videos, and urban dohori restaurant performance in Nepal and in the UK, it examines how a particular version of “the Nepali village” has been constructed as normative. Building on the discussion in the preceding chapters, I argue that ways of staging the village as “country” in dohori come directly to bear on the issues of gender, caste, ethnicity, class, and region that currently dominate Nepali political discourse.
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Shuy, Roger W. Deceptive Ambiguity in Language Elements of the Inverted Pyramid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0008.

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This chapter provides an overview of the uses of deceptive ambiguity by representatives of the government, including police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants. The chapter summarizes the findings of the preceding chapters under the six categories of speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, conversational strategies, and lexicon/grammar. These language elements make up what is referred to here as the Inverted Pyramid, a sequential approach to analyzing language evidence that is used by representatives of the government during their criminal investigations, hearings, and trials. These six language elements, when viewed as a whole, range from larger language units to smaller ones and provide the discourse context in which the government’s perceptions of smoking gun evidence must be seen.

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