Academic literature on the topic 'Categorization of thought'
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Journal articles on the topic "Categorization of thought"
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Berenbaum, Howard, and Deanna Barch. "The categorization of thought disorder." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 24, no. 5 (September 1995): 349–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02144565.
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Mesure, Gérald, Christine Passerieux, Chrystel Besehe, Daniel Widlöcher, and Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé. "Impairment of Semantic Categorization Processes among Thought-Disordered Schizophrenic Patients." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 3 (April 1998): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300306.
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Objective: To explore semantic categorization strategies in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A short-term memory-recognition task that reveals the effects associated with categorization was created and applied to 2 groups of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Results: Only the schizophrenic subgroup with formal thought disorder (measured using Andreasen's Thought, Language, and Communication [TLC] scale) exhibited a deficiency in semantic categorization strategies during the task. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of the impairment of the processes involved in the processing of contextual information inpatients with schizophrenia who suffer from formal thought disorder.
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Meshel, Naphtali S. "Food for Thought: Systems of Categorization in Leviticus 11." Harvard Theological Review 101, no. 2 (April 2008): 203–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816008001788.
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In two interconnected theoretical works published in 1962, Lévi-Strauss argued that the tendency among primitive societies to formulate animal classification systems and to express these systems ritually cannot be explained as a side-effect of social classification, as Durkheim and Mauss had argued, nor can it be explained on the narrow materialistic grounds posited by Radcliffe-Brown and Malinowski. The negative evidence adduced by Lévi-Strauss is empirical: animal classification systems are neither limited to societies in which there exists a fixed correlation between social groups and animal species, nor do they pertain to species that are of significant material or symbolic value to the classifying culture. According to Lévi-Strauss, the ritual expression of the mental act of classification functions like a language, containing “stressed” and “unstressed” elements and aiming to convey theoretical messages.
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Snyder, Jacob T. "Leisure in Aristotle’s Political Thought." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 35, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 356–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340172.
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Abstract The concept of leisure found in Aristotle’s corpus is both elusive and challenging. It eludes categorization into our current understandings of work and play while at the same time challenging those very conceptions. Here, I attempt to come to grips with Aristotelian leisure by (1) demonstrating its centrality in Aristotle’s thought, (2) explaining leisure as primarily a ‘way of being’ rather than merely the absence of occupation or one of several preconditions to the virtues, and (3) exploring what leisure might mean to liberal democracy. As a ‘way of being’, Aristotelian leisure is more than an absence of work, but is a positive comportment that itself requires virtues, material means, and an education.
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Langacker, Ronald W. "Metaphor in Linguistic Thought and Theory." Cognitive Semantics 2, no. 1 (February 12, 2016): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00201002.
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Metaphor is pervasive at all levels of the linguistic enterprise: from the conception of particular phenomena, to the formulation of theories, to “world views” such as the “formalist” and “functionalist” perspectives. Metaphor is not just unavoidable but essential to the enterprise, a source of insight and creativity. But since all metaphors are inappropriate in some respect, they can lead to spurious questions, conceptual confusion, misconception of the target, and pointless arguments. These points are illustrated in regard to several metaphors pertaining to lexicon and lexical meaning. Further illustration is provided by an extended case study comparing the network and exemplar models of categorization. When the actual models proposed are distinguished from their metaphorical descriptions, there is no fundamental conflict.
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Arterberry, Martha E., Susan J. Hespos, Cole A. Walsh, and Carolyn I. Daniels. "Integration of thought and action continued: Scale errors and categorization in toddlers." Infancy 25, no. 6 (September 9, 2020): 851–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12364.
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Martí, Daniel, and John Rinzel. "Dynamics of Feature Categorization." Neural Computation 25, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00383.
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In visual and auditory scenes, we are able to identify shared features among sensory objects and group them according to their similarity. This grouping is preattentive and fast and is thought of as an elementary form of categorization by which objects sharing similar features are clustered in some abstract perceptual space. It is unclear what neuronal mechanisms underlie this fast categorization. Here we propose a neuromechanistic model of fast feature categorization based on the framework of continuous attractor networks. The mechanism for category formation does not rely on learning and is based on biologically plausible assumptions, for example, the existence of populations of neurons tuned to feature values, feature-specific interactions, and subthreshold-evoked responses upon the presentation of single objects. When the network is presented with a sequence of stimuli characterized by some feature, the network sums the evoked responses and provides a running estimate of the distribution of features in the input stream. If the distribution of features is structured into different components or peaks (i.e., is multimodal), recurrent excitation amplifies the response of activated neurons, and categories are singled out as emerging localized patterns of elevated neuronal activity (bumps), centered at the centroid of each cluster. The emergence of bump states through sequential, subthreshold activation and the dependence on input statistics is a novel application of attractor networks. We show that the extraction and representation of multiple categories are facilitated by the rich attractor structure of the network, which can sustain multiple stable activity patterns for a robust range of connectivity parameters compatible with cortical physiology.
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Rasulic, Katarina. "Aspects of metonymy in language and thought." Theoria, Beograd 53, no. 3 (2010): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1003049r.
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Based on the theoretical insights from cognitive linguistics, this paper aims to shed fresh light on certain aspects of metonymy as one of the basic mechanisms of conceptualsemantic organization. It is argued that the prototype model of categorization can provide substantial explanatory potential in the linguistic treatment of metonymy, that anthropocentricity is an important aspect of metonymic conceptualization, and that metonymy has multiple roles in the creation of meaning, including meaning extension, meaning construction and meaning imposition. The significance of investigating the multifaceted character of metonymic conceptualization (as well as of figurative language and thought in general) from an interdisciplinary perspective is highlighted as fundamental for a more comprehensive insight into the nature of meaning.
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Старко, Василь. "Categorization, Fast and Slow." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.1.sta.
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The title of this study is inspired by Daniel Kahneman’s best-selling book Thinking, Fast and Slow. In it, the Nobel Prize winner explains in great detail the working of two systems of human reasoning: System 1, which is fast, automatic, associative, subconscious, involuntary and (nearly) effortless, and System 2, which is slow, intentional, logical, conscious, effortful and requires executive control, attention, and concentration. This distinction applies to human categorization as well. Each of the two labels refers, in fact, to a set of systems, which is why the designations Type 1 and Type 2 processes are preferable. The default-interventionist architecture presupposes the constant automatic activation of categories by Type 1 processes and interventions of Type 2 processes if necessary. Type 1 categorization relies on the ‘shallow’ linguistic representation of the world, while Type 2 uses ‘deep’ extralinguistic knowledge. A series of linguistic examples are analyzed to illustrate the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 categorization. A conclusion is drawn about the need to take this distinction into account in psycholinguistic and linguistic research on categorization.
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Skelton, Alice E., Gemma Catchpole, Joshua T. Abbott, Jenny M. Bosten, and Anna Franklin. "Biological origins of color categorization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 21 (May 8, 2017): 5545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612881114.
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The biological basis of the commonality in color lexicons across languages has been hotly debated for decades. Prior evidence that infants categorize color could provide support for the hypothesis that color categorization systems are not purely constructed by communication and culture. Here, we investigate the relationship between infants’ categorization of color and the commonality across color lexicons, and the potential biological origin of infant color categories. We systematically mapped infants’ categorical recognition memory for hue onto a stimulus array used previously to document the color lexicons of 110 nonindustrialized languages. Following familiarization to a given hue, infants’ response to a novel hue indicated that their recognition memory parses the hue continuum into red, yellow, green, blue, and purple categories. Infants’ categorical distinctions aligned with common distinctions in color lexicons and are organized around hues that are commonly central to lexical categories across languages. The boundaries between infants’ categorical distinctions also aligned, relative to the adaptation point, with the cardinal axes that describe the early stages of color representation in retinogeniculate pathways, indicating that infant color categorization may be partly organized by biological mechanisms of color vision. The findings suggest that color categorization in language and thought is partially biologically constrained and have implications for broader debate on how biology, culture, and communication interact in human cognition.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Categorization of thought"
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Assefa, Shimelis G. "Human concept cognition and semantic relations in the unified medical language system: A coherence analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4008/.
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There is almost a universal agreement among scholars in information retrieval (IR) research that knowledge representation needs improvement. As core component of an IR system, improvement of the knowledge representation system has so far involved manipulation of this component based on principles such as vector space, probabilistic approach, inference network, and language modeling, yet the required improvement is still far from fruition. One promising approach that is highly touted to offer a potential solution exists in the cognitive paradigm, where knowledge representation practice should involve, or start from, modeling the human conceptual system. This study based on two related cognitive theories: the theory-based approach to concept representation and the psychological theory of semantic relations, ventured to explore the connection between the human conceptual model and the knowledge representation model (represented by samples of concepts and relations from the unified medical language system, UMLS). Guided by these cognitive theories and based on related and appropriate data-analytic tools, such as nonmetric multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and content analysis, this study aimed to conduct an exploratory investigation to answer four related questions. Divided into two groups, a total of 89 research participants took part in two sets of cognitive tasks. The first group (49 participants) sorted 60 food names into categories followed by simultaneous description of the derived categories to explain the rationale for category judgment. The second group (40 participants) performed sorting 47 semantic relations (the nonhierarchical associative types) into 5 categories known a priori. Three datasets resulted as a result of the cognitive tasks: food-sorting data, relation-sorting data, and free and unstructured text of category descriptions. Using the data analytic tools mentioned, data analysis was carried out and important results and findings were obtained that offer plausible explanations to the 4 research questions. Major results include the following: (a) through discriminant analysis category members were predicted consistently in 70% of the time; (b) the categorization bases are largely simplified rules, naïve explanations, and feature-based; (c) individuals theoretical explanation remains valid and stays stable across category members; (d) the human conceptual model can be fairly reconstructed in a low-dimensional space where 93% of the variance in the dimensional space is accounted for by the subjects performance; (e) participants consistently classify 29 of the 47 semantic relations; and, (f) individuals perform better in the functional and spatial dimensions of the semantic relations classification task and perform poorly in the conceptual dimension.
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Kristek, Jan. "Lidé, moc a architektonické ideologie." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233273.
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This thesis aims to classify contemporary way of thought in the architecture and urbanism mainly in respect to the formation of public space. Generally, it seeks to identify ideological background of individual ways of thoughts and their genealogy – therefore it explores their historical roots too. The methodological framework of the thesis is grounded in the critical theory and production of (public) space as well as architectural production is therefore understood as a political act; not necessarily in terms of the established political parties or ideologies but rather in the sense of production of the city space as a social arena, in which completion of various agents, interests and notions is present including the architectural discourses. The resulting form of the public space is than a result of this competition and unavoidable ideological antagonism, which is present in the ideological basis of the individual way of thoughts in architecture and urbanism.
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VERNICH, LUCA ANTONIO TOMMASO. "CORRELAZIONI TRA SVILUPPO CONCETTUALE NELL'INFANZIA E ACQUISIZIONE DELLA PRIMA LINGUA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6170.
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L'obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di esaminare criticamente le prospettive teoriche più note sul problema delle relazioni tra sviluppo concettuale del bambino ed acquisizione della prima lingua. Per quanto il lavoro si concentri in particolare sullo sviluppo della componente lessicale, ovvero sul legame tra concetti e apprendimento delle parole con cui gli stessi vengono codificati, verranno necessariamente trattati anche alcuni aspetti relativi alla competenza morfologica e sintattica. Dopo aver presentato sinteticamente le principali teorie proposte nell'ambito della linguistica acquisizionale e della psicologia dello sviluppo, procederemo ad una problematizzazione e discussione dei punti critici delle stesse alla luce dei risultati ottenuti in sede sperimentale negli ultimi anni. Partendo dalla consapevolezza che nell'ambito della linguistica, forse ancor più che in altre discipline, il contrasto tra impostazioni teoriche diverse si traduce spesso in discrepanze significative nell'interpretazione degli stessi dati empirici, abbiamo cercato di dare lo stesso spazio ai vari orientamenti teorici. L'obiettivo di questa tesi, infatti, non è quello di dare giudizi di merito sulla validità di una teoria in quanto tale rispetto ad un'altra, quanto di discutere in modo trasversale i nodi più problematici delle varie teorie e le implicazioni delle stesse. Questo intento è particolarmente evidente nelle conclusioni della tesi, strutturate intorno ad una serie di domande di ricerca.This work provides a critical overview of the major theoretical perspectives on the relationships between conceptual development and first language acquisition. While our focus is on lexical development (ie. on the relation between learning a word and acquiring the relevant concept), we will also touch on some aspects which pertains more specifically to morphological and syntactical development. After briefly introducing the major theories developed in the field of first language acquisition and developmental psychology, we will discuss them in the light of experimental data collected in recent years. As the same empirical findings tend to be interpreted in completely different ways, in our work we tried to give voice to authors supporting different views. Our goal is not to assess the merits of these theores as such, but to take this comparison as an opportunity to discuss the implications and issues thereof. This will be particularly clear in the Conclusions of our work, which are structured as a series of research questions.
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LIANG, LIU MING, and 劉明良. "A Study of Applying Religious Thoughts to Elementary School Life Education—Case Study, Religious Doctrine Categorization and Action Research." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90020815297609117466.
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碩士玄奘大學
宗教學系碩士在職專班
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This study aimed to explore how the religious thoughts were applied to elementary school life education. The research was divided into three parts: (1) Case studies of elementary school life education in Taoyuan County, (2) religious doctrines categorization, and (3) educational action research. The study took the first step in understanding current situation of life education implementation in Taoyuan County by using depth interviews and content analysis. Further, religious thoughts that can be adopted to elementary school life education were found through religious doctrines categorization. Finally, the researcher conducted an educational action research and developed a set of life education curriculum that embedded religious thoughts; by the actions of actual teaching and learning, the life education that applied religious thoughts were put into effect. The result of this study revealed that: (1) Elementary school life education in Taoyuan County that involved religious thoughts only represented for a small part. (2) There are plenty of religious thoughts that can be applied to elementary school life education. They shared their common in thanking, contentment, self-denial, serene, and etc., and have their specialties in impermanence, origin, love, play one's own part, and etc. (3) The study has proposed a complete set of life education curriculum which was designed base on the religious thoughts (4) The life education curriculum that embedded religious thoughts has enhanced the effectiveness of the life education implementation and made positive effect on students' learning. It was highly appraised by both teachers and students. (5) the researcher has obtained teaching reflection and professional growth. As a result, this study can not only provide followed life education researchers as important references, but be the guidelines for future life education curriculum development and implementation.
Books on the topic "Categorization of thought"
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Abishev, K. A. Formirovanie kategoriĭ sfery sushchnosti i t︠s︡elostnosti v individualʹnom razvitii. Almaty: Gylym, 1993.
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L'analogie, du naïf au créatif: Analogie et catégorisation. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000.
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Marolda, Maria. Exploring attributes: Activities for the 32-block set and the 60-block set. Palo Alto, CA: Dale Seymour Publications, 1994.
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Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about Includes the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
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Lakoff, George. Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
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Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
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Koen, Lamberts, and Shanks David R, eds. Knowledge, concepts, and categories. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, 1997.
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Koen, Lamberts, and Shanks David R, eds. Knowledge, concepts, and categories. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1997.
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Shanks, David, and Koen Lamberts. Knowledge Concepts and Categories. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Lamberts, Koen, and David R. Shanks. Knowledge, Concepts, and Categories. Taylor & Francis Group, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Categorization of thought"
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Pae, Hye K. "The East and the West." In Literacy Studies, 107–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55152-0_6.
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Abstract This chapter reviews the cultural aspects of the East and the West. A wide range of differences between the East and the West is discussed in terms of the extrinsic and intrinsic differences. The extrinsic differences comprise architecture, the mode of clothing, everyday practices, and language and script, while the intrinsic differences consist of culture and value systems, attention and perception (holistic vs. analytic), problem solving (relation vs. categorization), and rhetorical structure (linear vs. roundabout). The locus of these differences is identified with respect to philosophical foundations and the characteristics of Eastern and Western cultures. The prevalent interpretations of the differences between the East and the West center on Diamond’s (1999) guns, germs, and steel, Nisbett’s (2003) geography of thought, and Logan’s (2004) alphabet effects. However, these interpretations cannot explain differences in ideologies, religious practices, and societal values among Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans. Therefore, script relativity becomes a new interpretation of the engine behind the differences among the three East-Asian nations and between the East and the West.
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"Perceptual categorization: language and thought." In Neuropsychological Research, 233–49. Psychology Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203938904-25.
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Papafragou, Anna. "Relations Between Language and Thought." In Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science, 353–76. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101107-2.00015-4.
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Gelman, Susan A., and John D. Coley. "Language and categorization: The acquisition of natural kind terms." In Perspectives on Language and Thought, 146–96. Cambridge University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511983689.006.
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Alshanetsky, Eli. "Reasons Theory." In Articulating a Thought, 66–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785880.003.0004.
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After rejecting deflationism, the central further question is whether our rejections and acceptances of words, in the articulation process, are based on reasons. Reasons-theorists say “yes” and look for some mental state that gives us a reason for accepting/rejecting a formulation. One kind of reasons-theorist argues that our reasons come from some knowledge we have of our thought. Another kind of reasons-theorist argues that our reasons come from feelings that result from sub-personally matching our thought with our words. Contra the reasons-theorists, this chapter maintains that we cannot make sense of the bulk of our responses in the articulation process by assimilating them into the reasons framework. Resolving the puzzle calls for an alternative model of rational control—one that may be implicated in learning and numerous other epistemologically central activities, ranging from basic perceptual categorization to sophisticated mathematical discovery.
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". The Specific Character of Abstract Thought: Categorization, Problem Solving, and Induction." In Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence, 199–234. Psychology Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315807768-13.
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Turnaoğlu, Banu. "The Political Thought of the Young Turk Revolution." In The Formation of Turkish Republicanism. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172743.003.0006.
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This chapter analyzes how the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 had provided a different conception of what politics should mean and how it should operate in the Ottoman Empire, along with a new conception of state and society. Drawing on the political language of the French Third Republic, democracy and liberal republican ideas slowly transformed the terminology and categorization of central issues in Ottoman politics and laid the most salient intellectual and institutional foundations for the young Republic. The revolution opened the Second Constitutional period (1908–18). Its first phase revitalized the liberal constitutionalism of the Young Ottomans. Political thinking drew heavily upon Montesquieu's formula for the separation of powers in combination with the ideas of the Third Republic and Ottoman positivism.
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PAPAFRAGOU, ANNA. "RELATIONS BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT: INDIVIDUATION AND THE COUNT/MASS DISTINCTION**I would like to thank Peggy Li for very useful discussions of this material. Writing of this chapter was partly supported by NIH/NRSA Grant #F32MH065020." In Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science, 255–75. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044612-7/50066-4.
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Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. "A view from the North." In Genders and Classifiers, 103–43. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842019.003.0004.
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This chapter addresses the issue of coexistence of noun categorization devices within one language. Genders and other noun categorization devices—be they numeral classifiers, or other classifiers—are generally thought of as being relatively independent from one another. Co-existing and overlapping systems of genders and classifiers are cross-linguistically uncommon. The chapter shows that this is a feature of some Arawak languages from north-west Amazonia, two genders—feminine and non-feminine—are obligatorily marked on verbs and nouns, and demonstratives and other modifiers within a noun phrase. Classifiers used on number words, and in a variety of other contexts, categorize the noun in terms of its physical properties, and distinguish gender. Gender is thus integrated within the system of classifiers. Gender markers may co-occur with classifiers in one word. The chapter concludes that gender distinctions and gender markers are uniform across the Arawak language family, and can be reconstructed for the proto-language. The chapter proposes that classifiers may have developed separately in each subgroup within the family.
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Stock, Paul. "Human Difference." In Europe and the British Geographical Imagination, 1760-1830, 103–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807117.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 explains how debates about human origins and distinctiveness inform ideas about Europe. Late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century geography books often argue that the natural environment shapes human characteristics, and that Europeans are distinctive because they have been exposed to certain conditions. However, the books also propose that Europeans possess intrinsic, unchanging qualities. This tension highlights the complexities of contemporary racial thought, which combines ideas about inherent nature, inheritance, environmental influence, and aesthetics. Some geographical texts argue for a single European race, but others identify a range of European races, often premised on categorization of languages.
Conference papers on the topic "Categorization of thought"
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Wang, Hua, Heng Huang, Monica Basco, Molly Lopez, and Fillia Makedon. "Cost effective depression patient thought record categorization via self-taught learning." In the 4th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2141622.2141670.
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Arlitt, Ryan, Anthony Nix, Robert Stone, and Chiradeep Sen. "Discovery of Mental Metadata Used for Analogy Formation in Function-Based Design." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46963.
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Applying previous solutions to solve new problems is a core aspect of design. In this context, analogies provide a mechanism to reapply previous solutions in new ways, but analogy formation is limited by a designer’s knowledge. One approach toward improving a designer’s analogy-forming capabilities is to provide an easy-to-use computational means of retrieving a wide breadth of relevant analogies. This work aims to answer what types of similarity are commonly used to draw design analogies, and whether some types of similarity are used more frequently in compound analogy versus single analogy. In this study, an experiment was performed to observe and document the types of information that designers found useful when forming analogies during conceptual design. A categorization of this information is sought in order to inform (1) the types of similarity data to store in an intuitive design-by-analogy database and (2) the form that a search query should take. The experiment consists of a design task and a follow up interview. Ten mechanical engineering graduate students specializing in design participated. These participants were interviewed, and their internal knowledge queries were encoded to reflect their objectives, thought process detail, direction of reasoning, and subject behavior type. Each conceptual design is cataloged according to whether it represents a compound analogy, a single analogy, or no analogy. The results show little difference between the types of information used in compound versus single analogy. Function, flow, and form information were all observed during analogy formation, indicating that all three types of information should play a role in a design-by-analogy database, regardless of generative goal. Notably, flow behavior was a commonly observed type of abstract similarity across domains. This points to the value of capturing flow behavior abstraction in engineering analogy databases.
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Saha, Pramit, Sidney Fels, and Muhammad Abdul-Mageed. "Deep Learning the EEG Manifold for Phonological Categorization from Active Thoughts." In ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8682330.
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Masui, Hideki, Makoto Kashiwagi, Wolfgang Mu¨ller, and Bertrand Lante`s. "Suggestion to Waste Classification for Scaling Factor Method." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-5007.
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Scaling factors (SF) are widely used to determine the nuclide specific radioactivity concentration of a waste package. In this paper, an appropriate waste classification for applying the same SF value is considered through a study of differences in physicochemical behavior of nuclides and a comparison of nuclide data obtained by a radiochemical analysis of actual wastes from several waste streams. Corrosion product (CP) nuclides show only minor differences in production/transportation behavior through all waste streams because they are generated by the activation of reactor materials and have low solubility in common. Therefore a unified SF for all waste streams is considered applicable, though the SF can at best be determined for each individual waste stream. Fission product (FP) nuclides and alpha-emitters are generated by neutron capture and nuclear fission and their solubility varies. If Cs-137 is selected as the key nuclide, distinct differences in nuclides ratios are recognized between homogeneous waste (e.g. resins, concentrates) and heterogeneous waste (e.g. filter cartridges, dry active waste). This is mainly because the release behavior and the solubility of alpha emitters and FP nuclides differ from those of Cs-137. Our study suggests that all waste streams can be divided into those two categories. On the other hand, some countries selected Co-60 as key nuclide for alpha-emitters and some FP nuclides. If Co-60 is selected as the key nuclide, it may be helpful to categorize power plants according to their fuel failure history. This is because the generation mechanism of the key nuclide differs from that of the difficult to measure (DTM) nuclides. Within each categorization, insignificant differences are recognized in terms of ratios of DTM nuclides to Co-60, for both nuclides have rather low solubility. Therefore a unified SF can be applicable, though further categorization of SF is possible for more accurate estimate.
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Allada, Venkat, Abhijit K. Choudhury, Padmavathi K. Pakala, Timothy W. Simpson, Michael J. Scott, and Somasundaram Valliyappan. "Product Platform Problem Taxonomy: Classification and Identification of Benchmark Problems." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99573.
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Many companies are using product platform concepts to gain economies of scale and to identify new market opportunities. Though the area of product platforming continues to be actively investigated by both industry and academia, there is no comprehensive classification scheme that can provide a clear picture of the existing problems and possible future research directions. Hence, in the present paper, we introduce a broad taxonomy that classifies product platform problems based on the product development stages. This can serve as a basis to: (1) Extract and categorize problems from research literature; (2) Identify potential extensions and/or new problems that have not been addressed in the literature; and (3) Identify existing problem sets and/or develop new problem sets for benchmarking purposes. We introduce a Conditions and Assumptions Code (CAC) scheme and use it in the identification of benchmark problems as well as in analyzing two classes of evaluation methods adopted for the platform problems: metrics-based and optimization-based. Thus, we have not only categorized existing problems but also identified possible future research problems in each of the categories. This categorization serves as a navigation tool to understand the progress made in this field so far and to identify new research directions.
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Varfolomeev, Igor, and Wolfgang Mayinger. "Consideration of Thermally Induced Bending Load in Failure Assessment of Piping Components." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57582.
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The primary goal of this paper is to demonstrate and validate the applicability of the failure assessment diagram (FAD) approach for predicting failure behavior of piping subjected to thermal loading caused by thermal stratification. The analysis is performed for an austenitic surge line of a PWR circuit where thermal gradients over both the pipe length and circumference produce high bending moments. For the most critical location, circumferential through-wall cracks of variable length are assumed and assessed with respect to their initiation and possible unstable propagation. The assessment result is shown to be decisively influenced by the modeling approach, which in effect depends on the categorization of the bending stresses as either primary or secondary loading. To achieve realistic fracture mechanics assessment, the whole surge line is described by a finite-element model, whereas thermal loading is imposed by mapping the temperature distribution measured under service conditions. Subsequently, elastic-plastic stress and fracture mechanics calculations are performed for the entire surge line model containing cracks of different size in the most stressed location. The analysis clearly confirms the LBB behavior. The numerical results are then compared to those based on the failure assessment diagram (FAD) approach, whereas the section bending moment determined from pipe calculations is categorized as either primary or secondary loading. It is concluded that most realistic analytical failure prediction is achieved when considering the bending moment as secondary loading. Even though the analytical approach is found in this case to produce conservative assessment results, its accuracy is concluded to be acceptable within a wide range of crack sizes considered.
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Avelar, Maira. "THE USE OF LOCATIVE DEIXIS FROM A COGNITVE-LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE: A CROSS-CULTURAL MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/21.
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For structuring spatial relations, Brazilian Portuguese has four basic deictic forms: “aqui” (nearer to the speaker), “aí” (nearer to the addressee), “ali” (near to both speaker and addressee), and “lá” (distal from both speaker and addressee), whereas American English has a two-way distinction, linguistically expressed by “here” (near to the speaker) and “there” (distal from both the speaker and the hearer). Considering these differences, we aim at investigating how manual gestures operate along with speech, to point out to referents both located in the immediate interactional scene, the Ground [1], and projected in a non-immediate scene, narrated by the speaker. To do so, we collected 60 videos [2], 10 for each deictic, from late-night talk shows broadcasted in Brazilian, as well as in American TV broadcasts. As we carried out a gestural form and function analysis, the Linguistic Annotation System for Gestures [3], was adopted, which provided categorization tools to describe and analyze the verbo-gestural compounds encompassing locative deictic expressions both in American English and in Brazilian Portuguese. Results from both languages data samples support the hypothesis that the most frequent gestures that go along with the verbally uttered deictic expression is the pointing gesture. However, Brazilian Portuguese speakers predominantly use Pointing with Index Finger, associated to more prototypical deictic uses [4]. On the other hand, American English speakers mostly use Pointing with Open Hand, which is more associated to abstract ideas related to the conversational topic [4]. Considering gesture functions, it was also supported the hypothesis that referential function was predominant in both data samples. However, when the referential function was divided into concrete and abstract, Brazilian Portuguese shows a predominance of abstract deictic [5] uses, locating objects or entities in the imagined narrative scene. American English shows a predominance of concrete referential uses, locating objects or entities on the immediate scene. Finally, when the use of the verbo-gestural compounds is related to the ICM of Deixis [6], the comparison between Brazilian Portuguese and American English datasets indicates a cognitive resemblance between both languages, even though the deictic spatial relations are linguistically established in different ways on the same discursive genre.