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1

Ali, Md Zulfikar. "Dietary protein and energy interactions in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/64.

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In order to investigate the interactions of dietary protein and energy and their utilisation by African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (12.43 ± 0.05 g), a series of four nutritional experiments (triplicate groups of 20 fish per 30-L tank at 28 ± 1°C, for 8 weeks) were carried out using fish meal based diets. Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) and optimum lipid to carbohydrate ratio (L/CHO ratio) were investigated. Based on optimised dietary P/E ratio and L/CHO ratio, optimum feeding regime and compensatory growth were also investigated in this species. In the exp
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2

Pantazis, Panagiotis Aristeidis. "Nutritional studies in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341208.

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3

Kadye, Wilbert Takawira. "Assessing the impacts of invasive non-native African sharptooth catfish Clarias Gariepinus." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005070.

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Invasive species are of particular concern as they have the potential to alter community structure and food web relationships within their invaded habitats. African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus, a generalist predator, was introduced through an inter-basin water transfer scheme into the Great Fish and Sundays Rivers, Eastern Cape, South Africa, where it threatens the native riverine biota. This thesis assessed its impact from a trophic perspective. Patterns in catfish distribution and abundance revealed an upstream to downstream gradient that was associated with spatial distribution of
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4

Al-Khamees, Sami A. "Photoperiod effects on circadian rhythms and puberty onset in African catfish Clarias gariepinus." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1819.

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Photoperiod manipulation is routinely used in the aquaculture industry with the aim to enhance growth by manipulating the timing of reproduction in several commercially important temperate fish species. However, there are clear gaps in our understanding of how photoperiod is perceived by the circadian axis and transmitted to the brain to alter reproduction. Furthermore, due to the wide range of environments inhabited by fish, it is unlikely that one single organization exists. It is therefore believed that comparative studies of temperate species “models” with tropical species such as the Afri
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5

Lückhoff, Paul Daniël. "Application of the condition factor in the production of African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1098.

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6

Osman, Alaa Gad el-Karim Mahmoud. "Embryo-toxic effects of lead nitrate of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984360840.

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7

Isyagi, Ajangale Nelly. "The aquaculture potential of indigenous catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/516.

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Local and international demand for Lake Victoria’s fish has begun to outstrip supply. Production from the fishery has attained its sustainable limits, the diversity of catch has declined and subsequently employment and levels of earnings among fishers have become less secure. Under prevailing conditions, aquaculture offers the most immediate solution to augmenting fish production and sustaining earnings from the sector. It may also provide an avenue through which the diversity of aquatic resources can be increased through for example, the culture of indigenous species; in this case the African
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8

Hossain, Mostafa A. "Optimization of feeding and growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) fingerlings." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298562.

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9

Luckhoff, Paul Daniel. "Application of the condition factor in the production of African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3421.

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Thesis (MPhil (Animal Sciences. Aquaculture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the commercial culture of African Sharptooth Catfish. Its robust characteristics and its air breathing capabilities makes the African catfish a good candidate for culture in intensive recirculating systems. In light of the size variation in offspring spawned from undomesticated fish, that may eventually increase cannibalism, suitable methods for the quantification of some production performance parameters such as growth and health measurements need to be
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10

Osman, Alaa Gad El-Karim Mahmoud. "Embryo-toxic effects of lead nitrate of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15612.

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Im Rahmen der Studien zur Wirkung von Bleinitrat auf die Embryonalstadien des afrikanischen Welses Clarias gariepinus wurde zunächst der Einfluß der Besamung auf den Härtungsprozess des Chorions untersucht, um die Bedeutung des gehärteten Chorions als Schutzfunktion im Hinblick auf Schadstoffeinwirkung zu klären. Das Studium der Embryonalentwicklung war erforderlich, um das Ausmaß der Änderung der Normalentwicklung unter dem Einfluß von Bleinitrat bewerten zu können. Im Rahmen der toxikologischen Untersuchungen der Wirkung des Bleinitrats auf die Embryonalstadien wurden folgende biologische Ma
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11

Huchzermeyer, Karl David August. "Pansteatitis in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24994.

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In the Kruger National Park (KNP), pansteatitis in sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), was shown to be a serious problem in the inlets to large man-made lakes fed by rivers arising in the polluted catchments of the Olifants and Sabie rivers. An increasing prevalence of pansteatitis was recorded in catfish from the Olifants River gorge. A low prevalence was found in catfish upstream of the gorge at two further sites. No pansteatitis was detected in catfish from a rain-filled dam distant from the potential pollution sources affecting the Olifants River and in rivers arising outsid
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12

Britz, P. J. (Peter Jacobus) 1959. "Environmental requirements for the hatchery rearing of African catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) larvae and juveniles." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001964.

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Inadequate seed production has historically been a factor limiting the commercial culture of Clarias gariepinus. The need to determine the environmental requirements of larvae was identified, in order to facilitate their successful mass rearing in hatcheries. The effects of key environmental factors on the growth, survival and aspects of the behaviour of C. gariepinus larvae and juveniles were investigated under controlled conditions. A strong emphasis was placed on the interpretation of the observed responses in terms of the natural history of the animal. Larvae were obtained by artificially
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13

Palhares, Gerson Lopes. "Sistema porta hepático do bagre africano Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (Clariidae, Siluriformes, Ostariophysii)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-17102006-112001/.

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Estudou-se o sistema porta hepático do bagre africano Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822, sob o ponto de vista da anatomia macroscópica e microscópica, utilizando-se várias técnicas anatômicas, que envolveram anestesia, injeção de substâncias recomendadas ao estudo do sistema vascular (látex, nanquim, cloreto de polivinil e substância radiopaca), dissecação, corrosão ou radiografia, conforme a exigência de cada técnica, como meio de compreensão da anatomia vascular do fígado deste peixe. Foram utilizados 16 exemplares do sexo feminino, com comprimento total entre 45 e 53,5 centímetros e massa c
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14

Uys, Wynand. "Aspects of the nutritional physiology and dietary requirements of juvenile and adult sharptooth catfish, Clarias Gariepinus (Pisces : clariidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005068.

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Past and current research on the biology and culture of the sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) has stimulated the development of its commercial production. At the inception of this project in 1985, it was decided that the development of an optimal dry feed was the most important step in developing a more complete culture technology for the species. The objectives of the project were, therefore, to investigate aspects of the nutritional physiology and dietary requirements of the species to provide the necessary information for the formulation of optimum economical feeds. A review of the na
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15

Baker, Remi Thomas Merrett. "The antioxidant role of α-tocopherol in the nutrition of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2669.

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The role of the lipid-soluble antioxidant α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the nutrition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell) has been investigated with respect to effects on growth, certain indices of health and prevention of tissue lipid peroxidation. Although juvenile C. gariepinus were not found to show an immediate dependency on vitamin E for growth, even during rapid growth stages, a minimum requirement of α-tocopherol based on the prevention of hepatic lipid peroxidation was established at 30-40 mg α-tocopherol per kg dry diet. This is in line with published values for numerous c
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16

Oboh, Angela. "Investigating the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27282.

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Investigating the biosynthesis of long-chain (C20–24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), physiologically important compounds including arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in fish is crucial to identify dietary requirements for essential fatty acids (EFA). Moreover, knowledge of the C20–24 LC-PUFA biosynthetic capability of farmed fish species enables us to understand their ability to utilise commonly used raw materials such as vegetable oils, which naturally lack LC-PUFA but include C18 PUFA that are metabolic precursors of LC-PUFA. Studies h
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17

Haylor, Graham S. "The culture of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in Africa, with particular reference to controlled hatchery production." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3267.

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A rationale is presented for a primary nursing strategy and an on-growing strategy for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) culture in Africa, thus providing a potential model for the development of culture technology for the species. Existing information pertaining to the production strategies identified is reviewed, highlighting the attributes of African catfish for aquaculture. Some of the current deficiencies and inconsistencies in available information pertaining to controlled hatchery production are addressed. The early developmental stages of Clarias gariepinus are defined, in order to promote
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18

Phonekhampheng, Oudom. "On-farm feed resources for catfish (Clarias gariepinus) production in Laos : evaluation of some local feed resources /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200889.pdf.

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19

Rouhani, Q. A. "Digestible energy as a criterion for the development of diets for the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005103.

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Based on a number of attributes, the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus is an ideal aquaculture species. Much work has been undertaken on developing the technology for the commercial culture of the species inclusive of determining the nutritional requirements for cost effective feed formulation. However, digestible energy (DE) values for specific feed ingredients were unknown. As DE values are not interchangeable between species, this study set out to determine the DE values for conventional and unconventional feed-ingredients for the formulation of an optimal feed. The ultimate go
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20

Fagbenro, Oyedapo Adewale. "Studies on the use of fermented fish silage in diets for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1924.

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Fermented silage was prepared from a mixture of minced tiiapias (Oreochromis spp. ), different carbohydrate substrates (molasses, corn flour, tapioca flour) and Lactobacillus plantarum as inoculum, incubated anaerobically for 30 days at 5°-35°C. The pH and protein solubilization were temperature-dependent, and the source of carbohydrate substrate did not affect non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content or proximate composition of tilapla silage. During storage at 30°C for 180 days, NPN content increased and there was 8-11% loss of tryptophan. Moist diets containing tilapla silage (stored up to 60 day
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21

Gaede, Anna Luise. "Untersuchungen zur Erprobung von geeigneten Betäubungsverfahren für die Schlachtung Afrikanischer Welse (Clarias gariepinus)." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-203224.

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Einleitung Entsprechend der Tierschutz-Schlachtverordnung sind Wirbeltiere vor der Tötung grundsätzlich zu betäuben. Die für Fische zulässigen Betäubungsmethoden haben sich jedoch für die Betäubung Afrikanischer Welse (Clarias gariepinus) in der Praxis als problematisch erwiesen. Ziel der Untersuchungen Das Untersuchungsziel bestand in der Erprobung und Optimierung von Betäubungsverfahren für die Schlachtung Afrikanischer Welse. Verschiedene Varianten der Vorkühlung, Eiswasserbehandlung und Elektrobetäubung wurden einzeln oder in Kombination vergleichend geprüft. Materialien und Methoden Zur
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22

Abdel-Warith, Abdel-Wahab A. "Suitability of selected raw materials and by-products in formulated feeds for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and African catfish Clarias gariepinus." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/633.

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The current status of global aquaculture production was reviewed with a special emphasis on Africa and in particular Egypt. The main species of interest in this study were tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and African catfish Clarias gariepinus which are gaining popularity and are of considerable importance in the market of farmed fish in this continent and of economic relevance to Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries. Research was principally directed to establishing the suitability of specific feed ingredients and materials that could be included in balanced diets for both species. Various a
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23

Myburgh, Jan G. "Development and validation of selected biomarkers for the health status of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46038.

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Aquatic species, such as the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus), are considered to be valuable sentinels of ecosystem health. Although the Nile crocodile is still widely distributed in Africa, viable populations of wild crocodiles are nowadays only found in protected areas in South Africa, like the Kruger National Park and iSimangaliso Wetland Park. The sharptooth catfish, on the other hand, also has a wide distribution in Africa, but is still commonly found in nearly all waterbodies in South Africa. Biomarkers to determine the health stat
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24

Bokhutlo, Thethela. "Life-history and stock assessment of Clarias Gariepinus in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005142.

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Large catfishes (Clarias gariepinus & Clarias ngamensis) are not exploited commercially in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. They however constitute a large proportion of the gill net fishery catch (23 %) albeit as by-catch, coming second after cichlids (70 %). Monthly experimetal gill net sampling over 8 years showed that C. gariepinus was the most abundant species in the Okavango Delta by mass making up 37 % of the catch composition by fresh weight. Despite the relatively high abundance of C. gariepinus in the Okavango Delta, its status has never been fully assessed. For this reason, this study
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25

Oellermann, Lawrence Keith. "A comparison of the aquaculture potential of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and its hybrid with Heterobranchus longifilis valenciennes, 1840 in Southern Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005089.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the aquaculture potential of a hybrid between the two largest African silurid catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis (HL) and Clarias gariepinus (CG) . A morphometric, meristic and karyological study showed that the hybrid shared some of the physical characteristics of both C. gariepinus and H. longifilis, while its chromosome complement and fundamental number (2N = 54, FN = 95), was intermediate between that of H. longifilis (2N = 52, FN = 92) and C. gariepinus (2N = 56, FN = 97). The HLxCG cross could therefore be regarded as a true hybrid. For the character
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26

Viljoen, Alfonso. "Effects of zinc and copper on the post ovulatory reproductive potential of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6603.

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M.Sc.<br>Sperm, eggs, free embryos and larvae of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were used in a series of experiments conducted with zinc and copper salts in a flow-through exposure system. Metal concentrations ranged between 0 to 9mg/1 water. The aim of the study was to determine which of these early life stages was the most sensitive towards these metals and to determine whether the early life stages of the sharptooth catfish could be used for rapid bioassesment studies. Parameters investigated were sperm quality, egg hatchibility, free embryo and larval survival and growth. With
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27

Kruger, Taneshka. "Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on selected reproductive features of the male Sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6227.

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D.Phil.<br>The endocrine system regulates important physiological processes in an organism. Numerous natural and synthetic chemicals are released into the environment and can disrupt the normal functioning of the endocrine system, influencing physiological processes even at relatively low concentrations. These chemicals are known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These compounds are highly persistent in nature due to a resistance to biodegradation, and because of their hydrophobicity. EDCs bio-accumulate especially in the fatty tissue of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Developmental
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28

Barson, Maxwell. "Endoparasites of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), from the Rietvlei Dam, Sesmyl Spruit system, South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1011.

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The Rietvlei Dam near Pretoria, South Africa, provides drinking water for the city and for the wild life in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve, and is also used for recreational fishing. The dam is part of the Sesmyl Spruit system, which has a history of pollution, the major sources of which are industrial, agricultural and sewage from informal human settlements upstream of the reserve. With a large wetland separating the upstream Marais Dam and the Rietvlei Dam, the system has a high conservation priority status because of the high number of bird species that breed and roost in the various habitats.
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PETR, Miloš. "Testování produkční účinnosti vybraných komerčních krmiv pro tržního keříčkovce červenolemého (Clarias gariepinus)." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137512.

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In my diploma thesis I was tested six types of feed. I tested in 3 repetitions in the recirculating system with biological treatment of water. Tested fishes african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) weighted between 200 ? 800 g per piece, were deployed into 18 aquariums with volume of 190 litres per aquarium. The whole experiment took place in five partial 3-week periods in the intensive breeding of the laboratory - controlled reproduction of fishes FROV JCU. The average water temperature during the experiment was 27 °C. The main objective of the thesis was to observe production efficiency of teste
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Muteveri, Tinashe. "Genetic and biomolecular responses of the sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in the contaminated Rietvlei wetland system, South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1202.

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M.Sc.<br>A lot of research in ecotoxicology is currently focused on identifying and developing suitable biomarkers for use in assessing the health of aquatic systems. Thus this study was done as part of a major project aimed at identifying and selecting suitable biomarkers to use in the Rietvlei System, South Africa. This study focused on the response of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) to contaminants using three biomarkers: population genetic structure, DNA damage and metallothioneins (MT¡¦s). The main objectives of the study were to assess the potential of these biomarkers in C. gariepin
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31

Hengsawat, Khwuanjai. "The effect of stocking density on production, growth and mortality of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) cultured in cages." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/29381.

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32

Osman, Alaa Gad el-Karim Mahmoud [Verfasser]. "Embryo-toxic effects of lead nitrate of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) / von Alaa Gad El-Karim Mahmoud Osman." 2007. http://d-nb.info/984360840/34.

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McHugh, Kyle Joseph. "Sustainable utilisation of angling resources in the Pongolapoort Dam with specific reference to the health of tigerfish and sharptooth catfish populations." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4715.

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M.Sc.<br>The tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus member of the Alestidae, are ferocious and fierce predators capable of consuming prey up to 40% of their size. In South Africa H. vittatus can be found in the major east-flowing rivers from the Limpopo River to the Phongolo River flowing into the Pongolapoort Dam making up the southernmost population. The Pongolapoort Dam also known as Lake Jozini is located in the high-rainfall subtropical region of northern KwaZulu-Natal. The Pongolapoort Dam wall was completed in 1973 to make it the fifth largest dam in South Africa with a total surface area of 2
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ČTRNÁCT, Petr. "Testování produkční účinnosti speciálních krmiv pro sumce u tržního keříčkovce červenolemého (Clarias gariepinus) v recirkulačním systému." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137511.

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The main objective of this diploma thesis is compare the production efficiency of special types of feed for African catfish in experimental conditions in a recirculating system with biological treatment of water. It was tested four different types of floating feed, differing in the proportion of main components, the chemical composition and determining - for catfish (CatCo GROWER - 12 EF, CatCo SELECT - 13 EF and CatCo GROWER - 13 EF), respectively salmonid fish species (Dibaq Trout Evolution). The primary outcome indicators was the growth rate, individual weight (and it's variability), feed c
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35

Crafford, Dionne. "Application of a fish health assessment index and associated parasite index on Clarias gariepinus (sharptooth catfish) in the Vaal River system, with reference to heavy metals." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6667.

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M.Sc.<br>The Vaal Dam subcatchment is located in the upper reaches of the Vaal River. As a result the water quality is reasonably good. In contrast the Vaal River Barrage catchment includes the PWV area, resulting in poorer water quality. During this study, a fish Health Assessment Index (HAI) successfully tested in previous studies on the Olifants River System was applied to the Vaal River System. The aim was to determine if the HAI could distinguish between the Vaal Dam and Vaal River Barrage with regards to water quality. Surveys were conducted bimonthly from November 1998 to February 2000.
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Nel, Maria Magdalena. "Die ultrastruktuur en innervering van die smaaksinsorgane by Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) (Teleostei : Siluroidei)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11976.

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Janse, van Rensburg Darelle Tania. "Aquacultural use of heated effluents from coal-fired power stations : a feasibility study." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7115.

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M.Sc.<br>This project considers the feasibility of using heated cooling water from coal-fired power stations within Eskom for the culturing of C/arias gariepinus (Sharptooth catfish) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia). The work includes: an overview of world wide trends in power plant thermal effluent aquaculture, the identification of suitable power stations for aquaculture, long term monitoring of the physical and chemical characteristics of the cooling water at selected power stations, including the effects of the cooling water on the growth response, food conversion, conditio
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"'n Evaluering van allosiemvariasie asook die effek van kriobewaring van semen op die genetiese seleksie van die skerptandbaber." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12856.

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39

Botha, Tarryn Lee. "A histology-based fish health assessment to determine the health and reproductive status of Clarias gariepinus in the Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9183.

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M.Sc. (Zoology)<br>The freshwater indicator fish species, Clarias gariepinus, was used to assess and compare the health status of fish from the Hartbeespoort Dam (HBPD) and the Groot Marico Bosveld Dam (GM) which was used as a reference site. HBPD is known to be polluted and renowned for its extreme eutrophic state. GM receives water from the Marico River and is said to be in an unmodified natural ecological state. Adult Clarias gariepinus were sampled using gill nets; during low-flow (n=17) and high-flow (n=20) seasons from the HBPD, and once from the GM (n = 20). A histology-based fish healt
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Van, der Merwe Marinda. "Aspects of heavy metal concentration in the Olifants River, Kruger National Park and the effect of copper on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9327.

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M.Sc. (Zoology)<br>The necessity to maintain high water quality standards has become essential not only to man, but also to conserve aquatic life forms. The Olifants, Selati and Letaba Rivers were monitored for water quality variables and metal concentration in water, sediments and muscle, gill, fat, gonads, liver, bile, blood and kidney of the sharp tooth catfish, C. qariepinus. Some of the water quality variables measured were not within the limits of those standards set for the protection of fish and other aquatic life forms. Turbidity seems to be the biggest problem, due to the Phalaborwa
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