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Journal articles on the topic 'Catfishes Anatomy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

REIS, ROBERTO E. "Anatomy and phylogenetic analysis of the neotropical callichthyid catfishes (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 124, no. 2 (October 1998): 105–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1998.tb00571.x.

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2

Geerinckx, Tom, and Barbara De Kegel. "Functional and evolutionary anatomy of the African suckermouth catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae): convergent evolution in Afrotropical and Neotropical faunas." Journal of Anatomy 225, no. 2 (May 20, 2014): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12196.

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3

Liu, K. C., and L. M. Mai. "Electron microscopic anatomy of the granulomatous giant cells of catfish." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100142633.

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Giant cells are the histopathological units of granulomatous tissue which can be induced by the presence of endogenous or exogenous materials. Besides in other animals it has been reported in several fish species. A histopathological study of systemic granuloma in reared catfish Parasilurous asotus was reported in Taiwan. The ultrastructure of the giant cells of the granulomatous tissue of the same species of catfish was studied. The giant cells with a central amorphrous core, a transitional zone and a peripheral cellular zone (Fig. 1) is present in this report.

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4

Smith, Stephen A., and Bonnie J. Smith. "XERORADIOGRAPHIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE CHANNEL CATFISH, ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS." Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound 35, no. 5 (September 1994): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1994.tb02058.x.

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5

Karlina, Ina, and Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi. "Comparative Anatomy of Labyrinth and Gill of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822) and Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) (Bloch, 1793)." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2018.72.39-43.

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Dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Gabus (Channa striata) have additional organ respiratory system structures in the gills, called labyrinth. This organ is a tool for fish to take oxygen directly from the air so that it can live in low oxygen habitats. Both fish have differences at the Order level. Catfish is an order of Siluriformes as Gabus is an order of Perciformes. The purpose of this study was to distinguish the anatomy and histology of the gill structure and labyrinth in both fish. The macroanatomy observation was conveyed by dissection to determine the gill topography in the two fish species. Histology preparations were carried out using the paraffin method and using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining that showed in the labyrinth organ there were many blood vessels to bind oxygen then distributed to all parts of the fish's body.

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6

BUITRAGO–SUÁREZ, URIEL ANGEL, and BROOKS M. BURR. "Taxonomy of the catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) with recognition of eight species." Zootaxa 1512, no. 1 (June 21, 2007): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1512.1.1.

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The genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker consists of three species long recognized as: P. fasciatum (Linnaeus), P. tigrinum (Valenciennes), and P. corruscans (Spix & Agassiz), and five species recently recognized or described here: P. punctifer (Castelnau), P. reticulatum Eigenmann & Eigenmann, P. orinocoense n. sp., P. metaense n. sp., and P. magdaleniatum n. sp. The eight species form a monophyletic group with two clades that are supported by anatomical features (i.e., skeletal anatomy and myology). One clade (P. tigrinum and P. metaense) is restricted to the Orinoco and Amazon basins, and the other clade, comprised of the remaining six species, is found in the Guyanas, Orinoco, Amazon, and Paraná basins. The species are diagnosed on the basis of body shape, color pattern (e.g., bars, loops, and spots), skeletal anatomy, and vertebral numbers. Pseudoplatystoma punctifer and P. tigrinum) are sympatric in the Amazon Basin, P. metaense and P. orinocoense in the Orinoco Basin, and P. corruscans and P. reticulatum, are sympatric in the Paraná. Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum (Magdalena basin) and P. fasciatum (Guyanas) each occur as the only species of Pseudoplatystoma in their respective individual ranges. Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum may be sympatric with the two other species in the Amazon Basin, but we have no records of them being captured together in the mainstream or tributaries. All eight species are used as food in both commercial and subsistence fishing, and there is a moderate–sized ornamental fish market for the young and juveniles. A key to adults of the eight species is included.

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7

Kim, Hyun Tae, and Jong Young Park. "Functional Anatomy of the Olfactory Organ in the Torrent Catfish, Liobagrus somjinensis (Siluriformes, Amblycipitidae)." Korean Journal of Ichthyology 30, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35399/isk.30.1.8.

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8

Mercy, T. V. Anna, and N. Krishna Pillai. "The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of the blind catfish Horaglanis Krishnai Menon." International Journal of Speleology 14, no. 1/4 (January 1985): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.14.1.8.

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9

Pinton, Aurélie, Emmanuel Fara, and Olga Otero. "Spine anatomy reveals the diversity of catfish through time: a case study of Synodontis (Siluriformes)." Naturwissenschaften 93, no. 1 (October 29, 2005): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-005-0051-4.

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10

Trus, Benes L., Andrew J. Davison, Frank P. Booy, and Alasdair C. Steven. "Capsid structure of channel catfish virus, an evolutionarily distant herpesvirus, by cryo-Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010016830x.

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Herpesviruses comprise an extensive family of enveloped DNA-containing animal viruses. Although they infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts and their linear double-stranded genomes vary substantially in size and other properties, the nucleocapsid appears to be a conservative element of viral design. The capsid shell is icosahedrally symmetric (T=16), and in the case of alphaherpesviruses is 125 nm in diameter and 15nm thick. Recently, we have studied the molecular anatomy of herpes simplex virus1 (HSV-1), whose capsid contains four major proteins, by combining cryo-electron microscopy and 3-dimensional reconstruction with biochemical depletion experiments and antibody-labelling. In order to probe structural perturbations attributable to evolutionary differences, we have extended these studies to channel catfish virus. CCV exhibits the gross morphology of a herpesvirus, although no evident relationship to other herpesviruses was found in an analysis of proteins predicted from its complete DNA sequence.

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11

Ghosh, Saroj Kumar. "The morphohistology and fine anatomy of the olfactory organ in pabda catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794)." Our Nature 18, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v18i1.34237.

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The organization of the olfactory system in Ompok bimaculatus (Siluriformes: Siluridae) were investigated by histological and ultrastructural analysis. The nasal chamber was totally engrossed by a boat shaped elongated olfactory rosette with numerous lamella. Histomicroscopically, each lamella was comprised of central core bounded on both sides by the cellular elements of olfactory epithelium. The central core was composed of thick connective tissue, nerve fibres and blood capillaries. The cellular components of the olfactory epithelium were identified based on their staining vigour, architecture, structural characteristics and surface features. The sensory epithelium contained morphologically recognizable ciliated, microvillous and rod receptor neurons. Labyrinth cells, scattered lymphatic cells, secretory mucous cells, stratified epithelial cells bearing microfolds and condensed ciliated supporting cells were observed in the indifferent epithelia. The basal cells were submerged in the deeper zone of mucosa above the basal lamina. Different sensory and nonsensory cells of the olfactory lining were associated with chemical stimulation of the fish studied. This species acquires a well developed olfactory sense for exploring the aquatic environment and able to determine the chemical changes in the surroundings.

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12

Aiello, Brett R., Thomas A. Stewart, and Melina E. Hale. "Mechanosensation in an adipose fin." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1826 (March 16, 2016): 20152794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2794.

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Adipose fins are found on approximately 20% of ray-finned fish species. The apparently rudimentary anatomy of adipose fins inspired a longstanding hypothesis that these fins are vestigial and lack function. However, adipose fins have evolved repeatedly within Teleostei, suggesting adaptive function. Recently, adipose fins were proposed to function as mechanosensors, detecting fluid flow anterior to the caudal fin. Here we test the hypothesis that adipose fins are mechanosensitive in the catfish Corydoras aeneus . Neural activity, recorded from nerves that innervate the fin, was shown to encode information on both movement and position of the fin membrane, including the magnitude of fin membrane displacement. Thus, the adipose fin of C. aeneus is mechanosensitive and has the capacity to function as a ‘precaudal flow sensor’. These data force re-evaluation of adipose fin clipping, a common strategy for tagging fishes, and inform hypotheses of how function evolves in novel vertebrate appendages.

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13

Susanti, Wiwik, Agustin Indrawati, and Fachriyan H. Pasaribu. "Kajian patogenisitas bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri pada ikan patin Pangasionodon hypophthalmus." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 15, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.15.99-107.

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<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">One of major problem of striped catfish <em>Pangasionodon hypophthalmus</em> culture is enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), bacterial disease of <em>Edwardsiella ictaluri</em>, caused of more than 50% of mortalities. This reaserch was aimed to determine pathogenicity of local isolate <em>E. ictaluri</em>. Thirty individu of five group fishes, 6–10 g in body weight, injected intraperitoneally with 0,1 mL of bacteria suspension of 10<sup>2</sup> cfu/mL; 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL; 10<sup>6</sup> cfu/mL; 10<sup>8</sup> cfu/mL; 10<sup>10</sup> cfu/mL; and PBS as control, were culture in 18 of 60×40×45 cm<sup>3</sup> aquarium for seven days. External organs of fish (skin and abdomen) and internal organs (liver, kidney, and brain) were examined macroscopicly and microscopicly. Internal organ sample were taken on the 5<sup>th</sup> day for histopatologic test while blood sample was on the 1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, and 5<sup>th</sup> day after infection. Mortality rate was count to reach LD50. Clinical signs and pathology anatomy of co-infection fish showed vertical swim, petechial hemorrhage in the skin, dropsy, ascites in the abdominal cavity, pale liver and the kidney was dark red. Histopathology showed hydropic degeneration, fatty degeneration, hemorrhage and necrosis in the liver, melano <em>macrophage</em> center (MMC) and necrosis in the kidneys, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltrates were also found in the kidneys and brain. Decreased of hematocrit and hemoglobin values of all tread group were statistically significant different (P<0,05) compared to controls. LD50 dose was 2,8×10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. The result indicated that <em>E. ictaluri</em> was very pathogenic on striped catfish <em>P. hypophthalmus</em>. </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Edwardsiella ictaluri</em>, enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), pathogenicity, striped catfish</p><p> </p><p> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Salah satu kendala yang dijumpai pada budidaya ikan patin <em>Pangasionodon hypophthalmus</em> yaitu serangan penyakit bakterial. <em>Enteric septicemia of catfish</em> (ESC) adalah penyakit infeksi bakteri <em>Edwardsiella ictaluri</em> yang dapat menyebabkan kematian ikan patin sampai >50%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas <em>E. ictaluri</em> isolat lokal pada ikan patin. Masing-masing 30 ekor ikan patin ukuran 6–10 g/ekor diinjeksi secara intraperitoneal dengan 0,1 mL larutan bakteri kepadatan 10<sup>2</sup> cfu/mL; 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL; 10<sup>6</sup> cfu/mL; 10<sup>8</sup> cfu/mL; 10<sup>10</sup> cfu/mL; dan PBS sebagai kontrol. Ikan dipelihara selama tujuh hari pada akuarium berukuran 60×40×45 cm<sup>3</sup>. Pemeriksaan makroskopis dan mikroskopis dilakukan terhadap organ eksternal (kulit dan abdomen) dan internal (hati, ginjal, dan otak). Pengambilan sampel organ internal untuk uji histopatologi pada hari kelima dan sampel darah untuk uji gambaran darah pada hari pertama, ketiga, dan kelima pascainfeksi. Jumlah kematian ikan dihitung untuk mendapat nilai LD50. Pengamatan gejala klinis dan patologi anatomi ditemukan ikan berenang vertikal, adanya bercak merah pada kulit, pembengkakan abdomen, asites, hati pucat, dan ginjal berwarna merah kehitaman. Hasil histopatologi terlihat terjadinya degenerasi hidropik, degenerasi lemak, <em>melano macrophage center</em> (MMC), nekrosa, hemoragi, dan infiltrasi sel radang pada hati, ginjal, dan otak. Penurunan nilai hematokrit dan hemoglobin pada perlakuan secara statistik berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan kontrol. Dosis LD50 didapat 2,8×10<sup>4</sup> cfu/mL. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa <em>E. ictaluri</em> pada ikan patin bersifat sangat patogen.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Edwardsiella ictaluri</em>, <em>enteric septicemia of catfish </em>(ESC), patogenisitas, patin</p>

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14

Miller, Norman W., V. Gregory Chinchar, and L. William Clem. "Development of leukocyte cell lines from the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)." Journal of Tissue Culture Methods 16, no. 2 (June 1994): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01404820.

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15

Datovo, Aléssio, and Flávio Alicino Bockmann. "Dorsolateral head muscles of the catfish families Nematogenyidae and Trichomycteridae (Siluriformes: Loricarioidei): comparative anatomy and phylogenetic analysis." Neotropical Ichthyology 8, no. 2 (2010): 193–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252010000200001.

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The skeletal muscles of the dorsolateral region of the head of the Nematogenyidae and representatives of the all major clades of the Trichomycteridae are described and illustrated. A hypothesis on the phylogenetic relationships among these taxa exclusively based on the surveyed musculature is presented. The single most parsimonious cladogram obtained from the phylogenetic analysis of the 36 myological characters gathered and 35 terminal-taxa mostly agrees with the previous hypotheses of trichomycterid intrarelationships. The Copionodontinae and Trichogeninae form a monophyletic lineage that is the sister-group to all remaining trichomycterids. The monophyly of the clades formed by Glanapteryginae plus Sarcoglanidinae; Stegophilinae plus Tridentinae plus Vandelliinae; and the assemblage comprising all of these five subfamilies (TSVSG clade) is corroborated. Two of our findings are, however, discordant with the previous prevailing hypotheses: the sister-group relationship among Tridentinae and Stegophilinae and the monophyly of the Trichomycterinae lato sensu, i. e., including the genera Scleronema and Ituglanis. In addition, the previously proposed osteological synapomorphies supporting the close affinities of Scleronema and Ituglanis with the TSVSG clade were revised, revealing that they are either invalid or ambiguous. Most of the synapomorphies herein proposed are homoplasy-free, with some of them corroborating the monophyly of weakly-supported groups, such as Stegophilinae.

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16

Diogo, Rui, and Michel Chardon. "THE STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH CATFISH (TELEOSTEI: SILURIFORMES) MANDIBULAR BARBELS: ORIGIN, ANATOMY, FUNCTION, TAXONOMIC DISTRIBUTION, NOMENCLATURE AND SYNONYMY." Netherlands Journal of Zoology 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 455–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854200506099.

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17

Diogo, Rui, and Michel Chardon. "The Structures Associated With Catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) Mandibular Barbels: Origin, Anatomy, Function, Taxonomic Distribution, Nomenclature and Synonymy." Netherlands Journal of Zoology 50, no. 4 (2000): 455–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854200x00207.

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18

Wohlschlag, Nancy, Laura Santos, and Paula F. Dehn. "Preparation of primary cultures of adult and juvenile catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) hepatocytes." Journal of Tissue Culture Methods 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01404642.

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19

Gopal, Raj Naresh, Pankaj Kumar, and Bechan Lal. "Localization, distribution and expression of growth hormone in the brain of Asian Catfish, Clarias batrachus." Brain Structure and Function 224, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 2143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-019-01899-5.

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20

Zhang, Q., R. K. Cooper, and T. R. Tiersch. "Detection by In Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction of a Channel Catfish Gene Within Cells and Nuclei." Applied Immunohistochemistry 7, no. 1 (1999): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00022744-199903000-00014.

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21

Pinna, Mário C. C. de, and Alexandre L. Kirovsky. "A new species of sand-dwelling catfish, with a phylogenetic diagnosis of Pygidianops Myers (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 3 (2011): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011000300004.

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A new species of sand-dwelling catfish genus Pygidianops, P. amphioxus, is described from the Negro and lower Amazon basins. The new species differs from its three congeners in the elongate eel-like body, the short barbels, and the small caudal fin, continuous with the body, among other traits of internal anatomy. The absence of anal fin further distinguishes P. amphioxus from all other Pygidianops species except P. magoi and the presence of eyes from all except P. cuao. The new Pygidianops seems to be the sister species to P. magoi, the two species sharing a unique mesethmoid with a dorsally-bent tip lacking cornua, and a produced articular process in the palatine for the articulation with the neurocranium. Pygidianops amphioxus is a permanent and highly-specialized inhabitant of psammic environments. Additional characters are proposed as synapomorphies of Pygidianops, including a hypertrophied symphyseal joint and associated ligament in the lower jaw; an elongate, laterally-directed, process on the dorsal surface of the premaxilla; and a rotated lower jaw, where the surface normally facing laterally in other glanapterygines is instead directed ventrally. These and other characters are incorporated into a revised phylogenetic diagnosis of Pygidianops.

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22

Oriji, C. C., O. O. Igado, and B. O. Oke. "Gross and microscopic anatomy of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord in the male african catfish (clarias gariepinus)." IBRO Reports 7 (December 2019): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibror.2019.09.094.

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23

New, John G., Bethany D. Snyder, and Katherine L. Woodson. "Descending neural projections to the spinal cord in the channel catfish,Ictalurus Punctatus." Anatomical Record 252, no. 2 (October 1998): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199810)252:2<235::aid-ar9>3.0.co;2-1.

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24

Okoye, Chidozie Nwabuisi, Susan Omoboba Dan-Jumbo, Calistus Onyedika Emejue, Anietie Francis Udoumoh, Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina, Chinelo Nnenna Uju, Izuchukwu Shedrack Ochiogu, Ifeoma J. Onuorah, Ikechukwu Reginald Obidike, and John Ikehchukwu Ihedioha. "Evaluation of induced spawning on oocyte characteristics and serum biochemistry of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Comparative Clinical Pathology 29, no. 1 (August 6, 2019): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-03038-2.

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25

Miller, Norman W., and L. William Clem. "A culture system for mitogen-induced proliferation of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) peripheral blood lymphocytes." Journal of Tissue Culture Methods 11, no. 2 (June 1988): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01404135.

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26

Agina, Onyinyechukwu Ada, Chidozie Nwabuisi Okoye, and Susan O. Dan-Jumbo. "Glucose levels are stable in stored blood and plasma samples of cultured female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Comparative Clinical Pathology 29, no. 2 (November 8, 2019): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-03070-2.

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27

Zuchelkowski, Edwin M., Carlin A. Pinkstaff, and David E. Hinton. "Mucosubstance histochemistry in control and acid-stressed epidermis of brown bullhead catfish,lctalurus nebulosus (LeSueur)." Anatomical Record 212, no. 4 (August 1985): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092120402.

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Royer, Suzanne M., and John C. Kinnamon. "Comparison of high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution and chemical fixation of catfish barbel taste buds." Microscopy Research and Technique 35, no. 5 (December 1, 1996): 385–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19961201)35:5<385::aid-jemt3>3.0.co;2-k.

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29

Bockmann, Flávio A., and Ricardo M. C. Castro. "The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography." Neotropical Ichthyology 8, no. 4 (2010): 673–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252010000400001.

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Rhamdiopsis krugi, a new troglobitic heptapterid catfish, is described from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. This species, although frequently cited in the scientific literature along the last seventeen years, remained undescribed largely due to its uncertain phylogenetic affinities. The generic assignment of R. krugi was clouded largely by its high number of unusual morphological features (some related to cave life), for instance: absence of eyes and body pigmentation; presence of a widely exposed pseudotympanum; posterior border of the anterior branch and anterior margin of the arborescent portion of the posterior branch of the transverse process of fourth vertebra joined; dorsal hypural plate commonly with seven rays; ventral caudal plate usually with six rays; dorsal and ventral caudal-fin lobes typically with six branched fin rays each; 38-39 vertebrae; anal fin with 14-17 rays; and lateral line very short. Rhamdiopsis krugi can be easily distinguished from its congeners, R. microcephala and R. moreirai, by its troglomorphic features and by the presence of a shorter lateral line, fewer vertebrae and anal-fin rays, pattern of branching of caudal-fin rays, and several attributes of skeletal system. The affinities of this new species are discussed in light of current phylogenetic knowledge of the family Heptapteridae. Incongruent derived characters do not allow selection of a particular hypothesis of sister group relationships among species of Rhamdiopsis. The occurrence of R. krugi in the rio Paraguaçu basin is possibly due to an event of hydrological capture from a section of the middle portion of the rio São Francisco basin, caused by tectonic events. The semi-arid region where R. krugi presently lives was probably covered by a wide forested area during a humid cycle in Quaternary. A summary of natural history and ecology data of R. krugi, as well as notes on its conservation, are provided. We also offer comments on the morphological plasticity of R. krugi.

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30

Ladich, Friedrich. "Sound-generating and -detecting motor system in catfish: Design of swimbladder muscles in doradids and pimelodids." Anatomical Record 263, no. 3 (2001): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1105.

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31

Andres, K. H., M. D�ring, and E. Petrasch. "The fine structure of ampullary and tuberous electroreceptors in the South American blind catfish Pseudocetopsis spec." Anatomy and Embryology 177, no. 6 (1988): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00305139.

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32

Beelen, Roger, Bobbie Boyd, Julio C. Garavello, Gilberto C. Pavanelli, and A. Jerald Ainsworth. "Generation, characterisation and applicability of a monoclonal antibody to hybrid surubim catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Agassiz) � Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus) immunoglobulin." Comparative Clinical Pathology 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-003-0492-0.

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33

Owolabi, Olufemi D. "Haematological and serum biochemical profile of the upside-down catfish, Synodontis membranacea Geoffroy Saint Hilaire from Jebba Lake, Nigeria." Comparative Clinical Pathology 20, no. 2 (February 25, 2010): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-010-0973-x.

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34

Adeshina, Ibrahim, Benjamin O. Emikpe, Adetola Jenyo-Oni, Emmanuel K. Ajani, and Musa I. Abubakar. "Haematology, plasma biochemistry and serum of table size African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, naturally infected with Listeria species in Oyo State." Comparative Clinical Pathology 29, no. 1 (July 27, 2019): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-03034-6.

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Audu, Bala S., and Malachy N. O. Ajima. "Metabolic enzyme profile, behavioural changes and morphophysiological parameters of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juveniles in response to burnt waste tyres." Comparative Clinical Pathology 29, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-020-03132-w.

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Adeyemi, Joseph A., Tope G. Atere, Omotayo O. Oyedara, Kazeem O. Olabiyi, and Olayinka O. Olaniyan. "Hematological assessment of health status of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli and Vibrio fischeri." Comparative Clinical Pathology 23, no. 5 (June 29, 2013): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-013-1780-y.

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Beelen, Roger, Bobbie Boyd, Julio C. Garavello, Gilberto C. Pavanelli, and A. Jerald Ainsworth. "A cytochemical, light and electron microscopic study of the peripheral blood leucocytes of hybrid surubim catfish ( Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum )." Comparative Clinical Pathology 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2003): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-003-0484-0.

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Panase, Paiboon, Lalita Khuangbun, Theerawat Suphason, and Prameda Tipdacho. "Evaluation of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. leaf extract on growth performance, feed utilization, and hematological indices of hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus)." Comparative Clinical Pathology 27, no. 4 (February 27, 2018): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2686-5.

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Vanscoy, Tyler, John G. Lundberg, and Kyle R. Luckenbill. "Bony ornamentation of the catfish pectoral-fin spine: comparative and developmental anatomy, with an example of fin-spine diversity using the Tribe Brachyplatystomini (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae)." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 164, no. 1 (August 2015): 177–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1635/053.164.0107.

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Okoye, Chidozie Nwabuisi, Susan Omuboba Dan-Jumbo, Anietie Francis Udoumoh, Ukamaka Uchenna Eze, Anthony Chukwuemeka Ozokoye, Onyinye Hulda Ugwu, and Onyinye Ada Agina. "Preliminary report on the age-related variations in the serum and seminal plasma testosterone, seminal plasma biochemistry and seminal vesicle histochemistry of male broodstock African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Comparative Clinical Pathology 26, no. 5 (May 9, 2017): 1041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-017-2482-7.

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BOCKMANN, FLÁVIO A., and AMALIA M. MIQUELARENA. "Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a new catfish species from northeastern Argentina with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Rhamdella Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1888 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)." Zootaxa 1780, no. 1 (May 30, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1780.1.1.

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Rhamdella cainguae, a new species of the family Heptapteridae is described from the Arroyo Cuña-Pirú, a tributary of the Río Paraná, in the subtropical forest of Misiones, northeastern Argentina. The presence of a large differentiated ovoid area on the supraorbital laterosensory canal along the frontal-sphenotic boundary, delimited by the slender dorsal walls of the bones, and with no foramen for a laterosensory branch, is an autapomorphy for R. cainguae. A detailed description of the skeleton and laterosensory system of R. cainguae is provided. The genus Rhamdella is rediagnosed on the basis of three autapomorphies: a very large opening in the frontal for the exit of the s6 (epiphyseal) branch of the supraorbital laterosensory canal (reversed in R. rusbyi), a large optic foramen, and a dark stripe along the lateral surface of the body (reversed in R. rusbyi). Rhamdella is considered to be the sister group of a large heptapterid clade composed of the Nemuroglanis sub-clade plus the genera Brachyglanis, Gladioglanis, Leptorhamdia, and Myoglanis. Rhamdella is herein restricted to five valid species: R. aymarae, R. cainguae, R. eriarcha, R. longiuscula, and R. rusbyi. A sister group relationship between R. aymarae and R. rusbyi is supported by three synapomorphies. Rhamdella cainguae shares 12 apomorphic features with R. eriarcha and R. longiuscula.

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Peute, J., A. T. M. van Linder, M. A. Zandbergen, and W. C. de Bruijn. "Ultrastructural localization of calcium and Ca2+-ATPase activity in gonadotrops and stellate cells of the catfish pituitary." Histochemistry 94, no. 6 (November 1990): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00271987.

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Zaccone, G., S. Fasulo, P. Lo Cascio, and A. Licata. "Patterns of enzyme activities in the gills of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) exposed to the anionactive detergent Na-alkyl-benzenesulphonate (LAS)." Histochemistry 82, no. 4 (July 1985): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00494062.

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Effendi, Irzal, Widanarni, and D. Augustine. "PERKEMBANGAN ENZIM PENCERNAAN LARVA IKAN PATIN, Pangasius hypophthalmus sp." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.2.13-20.

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="en-gb" xml:lang="en-gb">Development of digestive enzymes; protease, lipase and amylase were observed in patin catfish, <em>Pangasius hypophthalmus</em>, larvae.<span> </span>The 1 day old larvae (day after hatching), with 3,37-3,97 mm length and 0,62-0,79 mg weight, were reared in aquarium 60x50x40 cm with stocking<span> </span>density of 20 fish/l.<span> </span>Larvae were fed<span> </span>Artemia dan tubificid worms 2-8 dan 7-15 days after hatching (dAH),<span> </span>respectively (schedule I);<span> </span>2-6 and<span> </span>5-15 dAH (schedule II); and 2-4 and 5-15 dAH (schedule III).<span> </span><em>Chlorella</em> was ready to eat by larvae at the entirely rearing.<span> </span><span>For enzyme assay, larvae were sampled from each aquarium at stages of </span>1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 <span>dAH.<span> </span></span>Protease and lipase activity were detected in digestive tract of<span> </span>1 dAH larvae.<span> </span>Digestive enzymes development have a similar pattern in larvae for all feeding schedules.<span> </span><span>Protease activity<span> </span>decreased with the increasing of age until 3 dAH, then increased<span> </span>until the larvae reached 7 dAH, and sharply decreased until 10 dAH and then slowly decreased thereafter. Lipase activity tended to increase slowly with age up to 3 dAH, and increased sharply until 5 dAH, and then decreased sharply until 7 dAH<span> </span>before decreased again up to the end of rearing.<span> </span>Amylase activity in larvae increased slowly with the increasing of age up to 5 dAH, then increased sharply until 7 dAH, and decreased thereafter.<span> </span>In dimly lighted larvae, amylase activity decreased before increased up to 12 d AH, then decreased thereafter.<span> </span>The amount of food organisms in larval gut, body weight and length, and survival rate of larvae were also measured and discussed.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="en-gb" xml:lang="en-gb">Key Words:</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="en-gb" xml:lang="en-gb"><span> </span>Digestive enzymes, development, larvae, patin catfish, <em>Pangasius hypophthalmus</em></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"> </span></p><h1 style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">ABSTRAK</span></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan enzim protease, lipase dan amilase saluran pencernaan larva ikan patin akibat perubahan skedul pemberian pakan.<span> </span>Larva ikan patin (panjang 3,77–3,97 mm dan bobot 0,62-0,79 mg) berumur 1 hari dipelihara di akuarium 60x50x40 cm dengan kepadatan 20 ekor/l.<span> </span>Larva diberi pakan dengan tiga skedul pemberian; skedul I, <em>Artemia</em> dan cacing diberikan ketika larva ikan patin berumur masing-masing 2-8 dan 7-15 hari; skedul II, <em>Artemia</em> 2-6 hari dan cacing 5-15 hari; skedul III, <em>Artemia</em> 2-4 hari dan cacing 5-15 hari. <em>Chlorella</em> diberikan sepanjang pemeliharaan larva. Contoh larva umur 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 dan 15 hari diambil sebanyak 0,5 g setelah dipuasakan selama 4 jam.<span> </span>Asai protease, lipase dan amilase terhadap homogenate larva<span> </span>dilakukan dengan menggunakan masing-masing substrat kasein 1%,<span> </span>minyak kelapa sawit dan pati 1%.<span> </span>Anatomi, isi saluran pencernaan, pertumbuhan bobot dan kelangsungan hidup larva juga diamati.<span> </span>Tidak terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan larva yang diberi pakan dengan skedul berbeda, namun larva yang diberi <em>Artemia</em> lebih lama (skedul I) memiliki kelangsungan hidup lebih baik.<span> </span>Larva ikan patin umur 1 hari setelah menetas ternyata sudah mengandung enzim protease dan lipase di saluran pencernaannya.<span> </span>Perkembangan enzim pencernaan memiliki pola yang hampir sama pada setiap skedul pemberian pakan.<span> </span>Aktivitas protease menurun pada larva umur 3 hari, selanjutnya meningkat tajam hingga larva umur 7 hari, kemudian menurun tajam hingga larva umur 10 hari dan akhirnya menurun landai.<span> </span>Aktivitas lipase meningkat lambat hingga larva umur 3 hari, kemudian meningkat tajam hingga larva umur 5 hari, selanjutnya menurun tajam hingga larva umur 7 hari dan akhirnya menurun landai.<span> </span>Aktivitas amilase semakin meningkat lambat dengan bertambahnya umur larva hingga 5 hari, selanjutnya meningkat tajam hingga larva berumur 7 hari dan kemudian menurun.<span> </span>Perkembangan enzim pencernaan larva ikan patin ini sejalan dengan perkembangan (diferensiasi) anatomi saluran pencernaan.<span> </span>Saluran pencernaan larva berisi <em>Artemia</em>, cacing dan plankton dengan jumlah yang semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur larva.<span> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Kata kunci:</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"><span> </span>Enzim pencernaan, perkembangan, larva, ikan patin, <em>Pangasius hypophthalmus</em></span></p>

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Suci, D. M., Supanti Supanti, Yudhi Setiyantari, and Romasta Napitupulu. "Pemberian Berbagai Level Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) dan Minyak Ikan (Centrophorus atromarginatus) dalam Ransum Puyuh terhadap Performa, Kolesterol dan Profil Asam Lemak Telur." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.18.1.24-31.

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The aim of the study was to evaluated the effect of giving water hyacinth and fish oil in quail diet on the performance, egg cholesterol and egg fatty acid profile. This study used 200 unsex day old quail divided into 5 treatments and 4 replications that were reared 5 weeks and then selected male or female. The results of sexing quail at week 5 were 95 females and 86 males. Growth period diets (0-5 weeks) contains 24% crude protein and metabolic energy of 2900 kcal kg-1 and production period diets (5-12 weeks) contains 22% crude protein and 2900 kcal kg-1. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the treatment of using water hyacinth that was 0%,1%, 2%, 3 % and 4% with fish oil which was 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% in quail diet. The variables measured were quail performance (0-5 week age and 5-12 week age), egg cholesterol, and egg fatty acid profile. The results showed that using of water hyacinth meal 1% -4% and fish oil 4%-5% in the diet of the growth period resulted in higher feed consumption and body weight gain than diet without water hyacinth and fish oil but feed conversion rasio were same. Quail performance of the production period was not affected by all treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to increased in quail eggs. The lowest cholesterol level of quail eggs was by giving 2% of water hyacinth meal and 5% of fish oil in the diet. It was concluded that water hyacinth can be used as local feed ingredients in quail diet until 4%. Key words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, egg cholesterol, egg fatty acid profile, performance, production DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA & Mahmoud AM. 2011. Eichornia crassipes (MarT) solm. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836 Afrose S, Hossain MS & Tsuji H. 2010. Effect of dietary karaya saponin on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 51 (6) : 797-804 Adeyemi OA, Adekoya JA & Abayomi R. 2012. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassave leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola. 12 (1): 212-219 Aziz Z, Cyriac S, Beena V & Philomina PT. 2012.Comparison of cholesterol content in chicken, duck and quail eggs. Journal Veterinary Animal Science. 43: 64-66 Bragagnolo N & Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2003. Comparison of the cholesterol content of Brazilian chicken and quail eggs. Journal of food Composition and Analysis. 16(2): 147-153 Chimote MJ, Barmase BS, Raut AS, Dhok AP & Kuralkar SV.2009. Effect of supplementation of probiotic and enzymes on performance of Japanese quails. Veterinary World. 2 (6): 219-220 Damongilala LJ. 2008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati ikan cucut botol (Cenctrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 8(2): 249-253 Grigorova S, Nikolova M, Penkov D & Gerzilov V. 2014. Egg yolk lipid change in Japanese given Tribulus terrestris extract. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (6) : 1472-1476 Guclu BK, Uyanik F & Iscan KM. 2008. Effect of dietary oil sources on egg quality, fatty acid composition of eggs and blood lipids in laying quail. South American Journal of Animal Science. 38 (2): 91-100 Hartoyo B, Irawan I & Iriyanti N. 2005. Pengaruh asam lemak dan kadar serat kasar yang berbeda dalam ransum broiler terhadap kandungan kolesterol, HDL dan LDL serum darah. Animal Production. 7(1):27-33. Hemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF & El-Azeem NAA. 2010. Alleviating effect of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail 2.Laying performance. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(5): 517-524 Hilmi M, Sumiati & Astuti DA.2015. Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix coturnix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38(3): 150-155 Kamely M, Torshizi MAK & Khosravinia H. 2016. Omega 3 enrichment of quail eggs: age, fish oil, and savory essensial oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 18 (2): 347-359 Khairani, Sumiati & Wiryawan KG. 2016. Egg production and quality of quails fed diets with varying levels of methionine and choline chloride. Media Peternakan. 39 (1): 34-39 Kurniawan M, Izzati M & Nurchayati Y. 2010. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin C pada beberapa spesies tumbuhan akuatik. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 18(1):28-40 Leeson S & Summers JD. 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Third Edition. Canada (CA): Nottingham University Pr. LiYX, Wang YQ, Pang YZ, Li JX, Xie XH, Guo TJ & Li WQ. 2011. The effect of crude protein level in diets on laying performance, nutrien digestibility of yellow quails. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(2): 110-112 Malik AA, Aremu A, Ayanwale BA & Ijaiya. AT 2016. A Nutritional evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes. Martius Solms-laubach) meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain* Enzyme for growing pulllets. Journal of Raw Material Research Nigeria. 10(2): 18-44 Mahmood M, Sial AR, Saima, Akram M, Pasha TN & Jabbar MA. 2014. Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5): 1357-1362 Mangisah I, Tristiarti, Murningsih W, Nasoetion MH, Jayanti ES & Astuti Y. 2006. Kecernaan nutrien eceng gondok yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger pada ayam broiler. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agricultural. 31 (2): 124-128 Maulana IT, Sukraso & Damayanti S. 2014 .Kandungan asam lemak dalam minyak ikan Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(1): 121-130 Metwally AA, El-Gellal AM & El-Sawaisi SM. 2009). Effect of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rat. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6 (12): 1634-1637 Mona MH, Morsy AS & Hasan AM. 2013. Egg yolk cholesterol and productive performance of laying hens influenced by dietary crude fiber levels under drinking natural salin water. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production. 4(3): 161-176 Muhammad M, Peter S, James G & Wosilat A. 2015. Growth performance of growing quails (Coturnix japonica) fed graded levels of Neem. International Journal of Applied Research. 1(2): 04-07 NRC.1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Edition. Wahington D.C (US): National Academy Odo BI & Nnadi AE. 2014. Growth response of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to varying levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber meal as a replacement for maize (Zea mays). American Journal of Experimental Agricultural. 4(12): 1898-1903 Riswandi. 2014. Kualitas silase eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan penambahan dedak halus dan ubi kayu. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 3(1): 1-6 Rusmana,D. 2007. Pengaruh substitusi minyak sawit oleh minyak ikan lemuru dan suplementasi vitamin E dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap performans. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 7(2): 101-106 Saha S. & Ray AK. 2011. Evaluation of nutritive value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf meal in compound diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings after fermentation with two bacterial strains isolated from fish gut. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11: 199-207 Sastrodihardjo S, Suci DM & Cahyanto MN. 1998. Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit dalam ransum terhadap Kandungan Asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 dalam Kuning Telur Ayam. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Savory CJ & Gentle MJ. 1976. Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content. British Poultry Science. 17(6): 571-580 Sotolu AO & Sule SO. 2011. Digestibility and performance of water hyacinth meal in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem. 14: 245-250 Sim JS, Kitts WD & Bragg DB. 1984. Effect of dietary saponin on egg cholesterol level and laying hen performance. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 64: 97-98 Tyagi T & Agarwal M. 2017. Antioxidant properties and phenolic compound in methanolic extracts of Eichornia crassipes. Reserarch journal of Phytochemistry. 11(2): 85-89. Tolik D, Polawska E, Charuta A, Nowaczewski S & Cooper R. 2014.Characteristics of egg parts, chemical composition and nutritive value of Japanese quail eggs-a review. Folia Biological (Krakow). 62 (4): 287-292 Tunsaringkarn T, Tungjaroenchai W & Siriwong W. 2013. Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3(5): 1-8

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Suci, D. M., Supanti Supanti, Yudhi Setiyantari, and Romasta Napitupulu. "Pemberian Berbagai Level Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) dan Minyak Ikan (Centrophorus atromarginatus) dalam Ransum Puyuh terhadap Performa, Kolesterol dan Profil Asam Lemak Telur." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 18, no. 1 (July 5, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.v18i1.30993.

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Abstract:

The aim of the study was to evaluated the effect of giving water hyacinth and fish oil in quail diet on the performance, egg cholesterol and egg fatty acid profile. This study used 200 unsex day old quail divided into 5 treatments and 4 replications that were reared 5 weeks and then selected male or female. The results of sexing quail at week 5 were 95 females and 86 males. Growth period diets (0-5 weeks) contains 24% crude protein and metabolic energy of 2900 kcal kg-1 and production period diets (5-12 weeks) contains 22% crude protein and 2900 kcal kg-1. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the treatment of using water hyacinth that was 0%,1%, 2%, 3 % and 4% with fish oil which was 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% in quail diet. The variables measured were quail performance (0-5 week age and 5-12 week age), egg cholesterol, and egg fatty acid profile. The results showed that using of water hyacinth meal 1% -4% and fish oil 4%-5% in the diet of the growth period resulted in higher feed consumption and body weight gain than diet without water hyacinth and fish oil but feed conversion rasio were same. Quail performance of the production period was not affected by all treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to increased in quail eggs. The lowest cholesterol level of quail eggs was by giving 2% of water hyacinth meal and 5% of fish oil in the diet. It was concluded that water hyacinth can be used as local feed ingredients in quail diet until 4%. Key words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, egg cholesterol, egg fatty acid profile, performance, production DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA & Mahmoud AM. 2011. Eichornia crassipes (MarT) solm. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836 Afrose S, Hossain MS & Tsuji H. 2010. Effect of dietary karaya saponin on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 51 (6) : 797-804 Adeyemi OA, Adekoya JA & Abayomi R. 2012. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassave leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola. 12 (1): 212-219 Aziz Z, Cyriac S, Beena V & Philomina PT. 2012.Comparison of cholesterol content in chicken, duck and quail eggs. Journal Veterinary Animal Science. 43: 64-66 Bragagnolo N & Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2003. Comparison of the cholesterol content of Brazilian chicken and quail eggs. Journal of food Composition and Analysis. 16(2): 147-153 Chimote MJ, Barmase BS, Raut AS, Dhok AP & Kuralkar SV.2009. Effect of supplementation of probiotic and enzymes on performance of Japanese quails. Veterinary World. 2 (6): 219-220 Damongilala LJ. 2008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati ikan cucut botol (Cenctrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 8(2): 249-253 Grigorova S, Nikolova M, Penkov D & Gerzilov V. 2014. Egg yolk lipid change in Japanese given Tribulus terrestris extract. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (6) : 1472-1476 Guclu BK, Uyanik F & Iscan KM. 2008. Effect of dietary oil sources on egg quality, fatty acid composition of eggs and blood lipids in laying quail. South American Journal of Animal Science. 38 (2): 91-100 Hartoyo B, Irawan I & Iriyanti N. 2005. Pengaruh asam lemak dan kadar serat kasar yang berbeda dalam ransum broiler terhadap kandungan kolesterol, HDL dan LDL serum darah. Animal Production. 7(1):27-33. Hemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF & El-Azeem NAA. 2010. Alleviating effect of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail 2.Laying performance. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(5): 517-524 Hilmi M, Sumiati & Astuti DA.2015. Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix coturnix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38(3): 150-155 Kamely M, Torshizi MAK & Khosravinia H. 2016. Omega 3 enrichment of quail eggs: age, fish oil, and savory essensial oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 18 (2): 347-359 Khairani, Sumiati & Wiryawan KG. 2016. Egg production and quality of quails fed diets with varying levels of methionine and choline chloride. Media Peternakan. 39 (1): 34-39 Kurniawan M, Izzati M & Nurchayati Y. 2010. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin C pada beberapa spesies tumbuhan akuatik. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 18(1):28-40 Leeson S & Summers JD. 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Third Edition. Canada (CA): Nottingham University Pr. LiYX, Wang YQ, Pang YZ, Li JX, Xie XH, Guo TJ & Li WQ. 2011. The effect of crude protein level in diets on laying performance, nutrien digestibility of yellow quails. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(2): 110-112 Malik AA, Aremu A, Ayanwale BA & Ijaiya. AT 2016. A Nutritional evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes. Martius Solms-laubach) meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain* Enzyme for growing pulllets. Journal of Raw Material Research Nigeria. 10(2): 18-44 Mahmood M, Sial AR, Saima, Akram M, Pasha TN & Jabbar MA. 2014. Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5): 1357-1362 Mangisah I, Tristiarti, Murningsih W, Nasoetion MH, Jayanti ES & Astuti Y. 2006. Kecernaan nutrien eceng gondok yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger pada ayam broiler. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agricultural. 31 (2): 124-128 Maulana IT, Sukraso & Damayanti S. 2014 .Kandungan asam lemak dalam minyak ikan Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(1): 121-130 Metwally AA, El-Gellal AM & El-Sawaisi SM. 2009). Effect of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rat. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6 (12): 1634-1637 Mona MH, Morsy AS & Hasan AM. 2013. 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47

Diogo, Rui. "Cordelia's Dilemma, Historical Bias, and General Evolutionary Trends: Catfishes as a Case Study for General Discussions on Phylogeny and Macroevolution." International Journal of Morphology 24, no. 4 (December 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022006000500016.

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48

Diogo, Rui. "Homoplasies, Consistency Index and the Complexity of Morphological Evolution: Catfishes as a Case Study for General Discussions on Phylogeny and Macroevolution." International Journal of Morphology 25, no. 4 (December 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022007000400024.

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49

Ballen, Gustavo A., and Mario C. C. De Pinna. "A standardized terminology of spines in the order Siluriformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, March 27, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab008.

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Abstract:

Abstract A standardized terminology for the anatomy of pectoral- and dorsal-fin spines in the order Siluriformes is proposed based on an extensive literature review and direct examination of representatives of the order. The adult anatomy of the spines is described in detail. Terminology of various spine parts are reviewed and standardized, each term provided with a synonymic list organizing previous usage. Most of the structures treated have been recorded and named in the literature, but some are herein named for the first time. A quantitative approach is proposed for orienting decisions on name usage, aiming at minimizing differences between the terminology proposed and the vast amount of pre-existing literature, herein called the cost function. It is expected that this system will aid efforts in organizing the chaotic anatomical nomenclature of the appendicular skeleton in Siluriformes, and provide a solid basis for advances in comparative anatomy and nomenclature. The proposed terminology system has potential application on a number of fields that utilize information from catfish spines, ranging from taxonomy to phylogenetic systematics to paleontology and archaeology.

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Hernández, D. R., M. Pérez Gianeselli, and H. A. Domitrovic. "Morphology, Histology and Histochemistry of the Digestive System of South American Catfish (Rhamdia quelen)." International Journal of Morphology 27, no. 1 (March 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022009000100019.

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