Academic literature on the topic 'Catfishes - Diseases'

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Journal articles on the topic "Catfishes - Diseases"

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Eshra, E., and A. El Asely. "Comparative osteology and three dimensional computed tomography of Nile catfishes, in relation to feeding mechanisms." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 03 (July 2014): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.059913.

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Abstract Introduction: For the first time three- dimensional Computed Tomography was used in a study concerning Nile catfishes heads. Methods: The present study is carried out on 40 heads of four examplar species of catfish families, Bagridae (B. bajad); Clariidae (C.garpineus); Malapteruridae (M. electricus) and Mochokidae (S. schall). Specimens are double-stained for cartilage and bone, as done by Taylor and Van Dyke (1985). Results: the skull of M. electricus was consisted of both bones and cartilage, as the frontal, parietal, supraoccipital, postparietal, sphenotic and pterootic were remained cartilages in mature fish. In order to ease the studying process the bones of catfish skulls were arranged in clear twelve series. This arrangement may facilitate the diagnosis of the malformations and other related diseases. Despite the similarity of the feeding apparatus in the Nile-catfish, they have different feeding mechanisms. B. bajad able to feed on large sized preys because of the free branchiostegeal membrane, the large dimensions of the oral and pharyngeal gap limits. M. electricus has another method as we suggest that the liable cartilages which form the skull roof are easily squeezed by voluminous muscles, raise the roof of the mouth and expand the oropharynx. In S. schall the narrow oropharyngeal limits and the subterminal mouth are suitable for sucking small mollusks, a process aided by the hard pad of the upper lip and the brush like mandibular teeth. Conclusions: This work provides an anatomical description of the fish heads using 3D CT which may facilitate the diagnosis of malformations and other related diseases. It also discussed the different feeding habits of the Nile Catfish.
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Kelly, Erin, Amanda D. Barbosa, Susan Gibson-Kueh, and Alan J. Lymbery. "Haematozoa of wild catfishes in northern Australia." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 7, no. 1 (April 2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.12.002.

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Tossavi, Nounagnon Darius, Adam Gbankoto, Alphonse Adité, Moudachirou Ibikounlé, Christoph Grunau, and Gilbert Nestor Sakiti. "Metazoan parasite communities of catfishes (Teleostei: Siluridae) in Benin (West Africa)." Parasitology Research 113, no. 11 (August 10, 2014): 3973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4063-x.

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Acosta, Aline Angelina, Tomáš Scholz, Isabel Blasco-Costa, Philippe Vieira Alves, and Reinaldo José da Silva. "A new genus and two new species of dactylogyrid monogeneans from gills of Neotropical catfishes (Siluriformes: Doradidae and Loricariidae)." Parasitology International 67, no. 1 (February 2018): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2017.09.012.

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Přikrylová, Iva, Radim Blažek, and Maarten P. M. Vanhove. "An overview of the Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) species parasitizing African catfishes, and their morphological and molecular diversity." Parasitology Research 110, no. 3 (August 18, 2011): 1185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2612-0.

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Ondračková, Markéta, Mária Seifertová, Anna Bryjová, Eric Leis, and Pavel Jurajda. "Morphometric and genetic evidence for cryptic diversity in Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) infecting non-native European populations of Ameiurus nebulosus and A. melas." Parasitology 147, no. 14 (July 30, 2020): 1700–1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020001195.

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AbstractGyrodactylid parasites were observed on non-native populations of North-American freshwater catfishes, Ameiurus nebulosus and Ameiurus melas (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), at several sites in the Elbe River basin, Czech Republic, Europe. Using a combination of morphological and genetic analyses, the parasites infecting A. nebulosus were determined to be Gyrodactylus nebulosus, a North American parasite co-introduced to Europe along with its Ameiurus fish hosts. Subtle morphometrical differences, as well as seasonal variations, were observed among parasites collected from A. nebulosus and A. melas. The host-related variation was further supported through genetic analysis of the partial 18S rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and COI, showing 0.2, 3.0 and 4.8% divergence, respectively. Consistent genetic differences indicated there were two distinct genotypes. Subtle morphological differences associated with the shape of sickle toe, anchor root and ventral bar membrane, according to host species, also supported the description of a new cryptic species, Gyrodactylus melas n. sp., infecting A. melas. Multivariate morphometrical analysis of haptoral hard parts showed significant differences between the anchor lengths of G. nebulosus and G. melas n. sp. However, the measurements of the haptoral hard structures partially overlapped between species, limiting the usage of these parameters for species delineation.
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Alves, Philippe V., Alain de Chambrier, José L. Luque, Ricardo M. Takemoto, Luiz E. R. Tavares, and Tomáš Scholz. "New arrangement of three genera of fish tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) in catfishes (Siluriformes) from the Neotropical Region: taxonomic implications of molecular phylogenetic analyses." Parasitology Research 120, no. 5 (April 9, 2021): 1593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07138-3.

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Hossain, Md Alamgir, Md Motaher Hossain, Md Golam Rasul, and Mohammad Abu Jafor Bapary. "Public health and hygienic condition of retailers at fish markets in Sylhet Sadar of Bangladesh." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 12 (2019): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061223.

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The hygienic and sanitary conditions of majority of the retail fish markets are very poor and unhealthy that may have an impact on fish retailers. The present study was conducted in two retail fish markets located in Kajirbazar and Bondorbazar, in Sadar Sylhet, to assess the hygiene and sanitary condition of fish retailers. Information was collected through questionnaire interview and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) from the retailers and other value chain stakeholders. It was found that about 82% of fish retailers were permanent in these retail markets. The retailers are mainly involved in selling various species of fishes such as carps, catfishes, tilapia, koi, hilsa, shrimp and other small indigenous fishes. The sources of these fishes are mainly of nearby haors, river and ponds. The retailers get fishes from various suppliers and also collected from producers. The income level of fish retailers is relatively low although they are trying to improve their socio-economic conditions. Besides, about 9% of the retailers do not have any formal education whereas 70% and 21% have their education in primary and secondary level, respectively. Although the majority of the retailers were found literate, however, their knowledge on public health was seemed to be very poor. Due to lack of proper knowledge on public health, they are frequently affected by various diseases such as common cold, diarrhea, lesion, fever, skin disease and so on. Particularly, 48% of the fish retailers are affected by the lesion on hands, and 31% and 27% of retailers have been affected by the lesion between fingers or toes, respectively. About 20% of the retailers do not have adequate knowledge on fish quality or benefit of using ice in fish preservation in retail markets. Considering all together, the present study revealed that the retailers operated fish markets are ill-managed, unhygienic and unsatisfactory. The lack of proper fish preservation facilities, poor water supply and unplanned infrastructures are generally regarded as a noticeable problem in the retail markets. In addition, the lack of retailer’s education, consciousness about fish quality, lack of training on hygienic and sanitary conditions are seemed to be involved in spoiling or deteriorating fish quality before reaching to the consumers. Therefore, the proper education and training on hygienic and sanitary conditions as well as sufficient knowledge on maintaining fish quality is required for retailers involved in fish retailing in the markets. It can be concluded that the improvement of relevant facilities of fish markets and proper supervision by respective authorities can ensure the better public health for retailers and safe fish food for consumers.
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Mulei, Isaac R., Paul G. Mbuthia, Robert M. Waruiru, Phillip N. Nyaga, Stephen Mutoloki, and Øystein Evensen. "Management Practices, Farmers’ Knowledge of Diseased Fish, and Their Occurrence in Fish Farms in Nyeri County, Kenya." Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8896604.

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In this study, fish farmers’ management practices, occurrence, and knowledge of fish diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya, were evaluated. Fish farming management practices for small-scale farmers in Kenya have numerous challenges which have led to disease occurrence and reduced production. Moreover, the impact and association of these challenges to farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases and their burden has not been fully studied. A semistructured questionnaire was used to capture farmers’ biodata, fish species farmed, and farmers’ management practices such as handling of nets, pond fertilization, and disposal of fish waste. Farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases was based on their ability to identify independent and dependent variable indicators. Independent variables included clinical signs, decreased feeding, bulging eyes, floating on water, abdominal swelling, bulging eyes, abnormal skin color, reduced growth, and abnormal swimming with fish death as were the dependent variable. A total of 208 farmers were interviewed and included those of tilapia (134), mixed tilapia and catfish (40), catfish (22), rainbow trout, and five dams under cooperative management. Tilapia was the most kept fish species (66.8%) followed by polyculture of tilapia and catfish (20%) and rainbow trout (2%). Most respondents were male (78.5%) over 51 years of age (50%). Fifty percent of the respondents had secondary school education. There was a significant association between deaths and sharing of nets in Kieni East subcounty ( p = 0.0049 , chi-square), while on-farm fish waste disposing appeared to cause higher deaths compared to burning of the waste although not statistically significant ( p = 0.13 ). Few respondents observed decreased feed uptake (<20%) and poor growth. Fifty-seven percent of farmers reported mortalities. Fish poor growth, floating in water, and management practices in subcounties had significant effect on fish deaths. The farmers had knowledge of signs of diseased fish, but there was paucity of knowing the specific causes of disease. Farmers need to be empowered on best aquaculture husbandry to avoid disease transmission and specific fish disease signs to enhance proper reporting of disease for subsequent mitigation measures.
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Febrianto, Ramdhan, and Sudarno Sudarno. "Fish Oil Production Process From Waste Catfish (Pangasius Pangasius) in Balai Besar Pengujian Penerapan Hasil Perikanan (BBP2HP) East Jakarta." Journal of Marine and Coastal Science 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmcs.v9i2.20251.

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Processing by product of catfish (Pangasius pangasius) on domestic scale or industrial produces many problems related to polluting the environment. Fish processing industry activities always generate waste because it is used generally only part of the meat, head, offal (entrails), spines and skin removed. Catfish have oil content is high enough, so the catfish waste has the potential to be extracted fish oil are rich in benefits. Fish oils generally contain unsaturated fatty acids are eicosapentaenoicacid (EPA) and docosahecsaenoatacid (DHA). Unsaturated fatty acids are known to prevent many diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, cancer, platelet mellitus, diseases of the bone joints, asthma, and prevent the aging process. The purpose of Field Work Practice are learned the process of oil production fish waste from catfish (Pangasius pangasius). The Practice of Field Work has been carried out at the Balai Besar Pengujian Penerapan Hasil Perikanan (BBP2HP). The results obtained through observation, interviews and active participation in the manufacture of fish oil in BBP2HP includes the preparation of materials and tools, washing, weighing, heating, pressing, phase separation, making crude oil, and packaging. Raw materials used in the manufacture of oil is a waste of catfish (Pangasius pangasius). From 1 kg of waste catfish (offal, belly flap, head, fins, tail) obtained 116 ml crude fish oil. Section waste catfish has gone through the process of steaming and pressing which causes the water content there in is reduced. After that, the catfish oil packed in bottles.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Catfishes - Diseases"

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Sirimanapong, Wanna. "Characterisation of the immune response of the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage) following immunomodulation and challenge with bacteria pathogens." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19277.

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In Southeast Asia, the family Pangasiidae is important for commercial fisheries and aquaculture. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (striped catfish) is the most economically important species farmed in Vietnam, with a total export value of 1.7 billion USD in 2012. Intensive aquaculture can lead to problems with major outbreaks of disease and Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila represent two important bacterial pathogens in P. hypophthalmus aquaculture. Immunostimulants have proven to be a very useful food additive for the aquaculture industry, since they can be easily fed to fish to enhance their immune response at times of stress and to improve resistance to disease. The immune system of pangasius catfish has not been fully described, despite the recent growth in aquaculture for this species, and little is known about the effects of immunostimulants on disease resistance. Understanding the immune response is very important in order to evaluate the health status of the fish and assist in control of disease (including prevention) so that production levels by the aquaculture industry can be sustained. The aims of this thesis were to develop and standardise methods to elucidate and measure immune responses in P. hypophthalmus and then to use these with relevant disease models (A. hydrophila and E. ictaluri) and immunomodulators (β-glucans from different sources and at different doses) to determine if bacterial diseases can be controlled, and which functional immune responses and immune genes could be correlated with disease resistance. As a variety of different species from family Pangasiidae are economically important for aquaculture, initial work focused on the characterisation of the immunoglobulin IgM molecule in these species, and anti-P. hypophthalmus IgM mAbs were tested to determine if they cross-reacted between different Pangasiidae species (Chapter 2). Although affinity purification of IgM from the different fish species resulted in a purer preparation ammonium sulphate precipitation (14% w/w), the latter proved faster and easier to perform. The heavy (H) and light (L) chains of IgM from P. hypophthalmus were estimated to be 70-72 kDa and 25-26 kDa, respectively, using SDS-PAGE (12.5%). The L chains of IgM in the other Asian fish species examined were similar in molecular weight to P. hypophthalmus, while the H chains varied (P. gigas and P. larnaudii 76kDa, P. sanitwongsei 69kDa, H. filamentus 73kDa, P. borcoti and H. wyckioides 75kDa, C. bactracus 74kDa, C. macrocephalus 73kDa and C. carpio 70kDa), as did the native IgM molecules. Sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation was used to determine the molecular weight of the whole IgM molecule from P. hypophthalmus as an alternative to the more commonly used native gels that are run under non-denaturing conditions, although this technique proved more complex. Anti–P. hypophthalmus IgM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cross reacted with all of the Pangasiidae species and were successfully applied in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using mAb 23 to measure serum antibody response of P. hypoophthalmus following experimental infection with A. hydrophila by interperitoneal (I.P.) injection in Chapter 3 and E. ictaluri by immersion in Chapter 4. As P. hypophthalmus is a relatively new aquaculture species, there are few reports evaluating its immune response to pathogens. Thus, functional assays were standardised to evaluate both innate and adaptive immune responses of this species and then these assays used to compare immune response following stimulation with live and killed A. hydrophila. (Chapter3). Four treatment groups of 40 fish per group (53.2 ± 14.8g.) consisting of an untreated control group, a group injected I.P. with adjuvant (Montanide ISA 760 VG) only, a group injected with heat-killed A. hydrophila (1 x109 cfu ml-1 mixed with adjuvant), and a group injected with a subclinical dose of live A. hydrophila 2.7 x105 cfu ml-1 were used in the study. Samples were collected 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post injection (d.p.i.) to assess the immune response of fish. The results indicated that challenge with live or/and dead bacteria stimulated the immune response in P. hypophthalmus significantly above control groups with respect to specific antibody titre, lysozyme activity, phagocytosis and plasma peroxidase at 7 or/and 14 d.p.i. Moreover, on 21 d.p.i. total IgM, specific antibody titre and lysozyme activity from both live and dead A. hydrophila challenge groups were significantly different to the control groups. Differential immune responses between live and dead bacterial challenges were also observed as only live A. hydrophila significantly stimulated WBC counts and plasma peroxidase at 3 d.p.i. with the greatest increase in WBC counts noted at 21 d.p.i. and in phagocytosis at 14 d.p.i. By 21 d.p.i. only the macrophages from fish challenged with dead A. hydrophila showed significantly stimulated respiratory burst activity. Immunostimulants are food additives used by the aquaculture industry to enhance the immune response, and β-glucan is now commonly used for this purpose in aquaculture. In Chapter 4 the effect of the prebiotic β-glucan on the immune response and disease resistance of P. hypophthalmus was evaluated. The fish (60.3 ± 11.7 g.) were fed with a basal diet (control) or diets supplemented with fungal derived β-glucan at concentrations of 0.05 %, 0.1 %, or 0.2 % g/kg for four weeks. Fish fed 0.1 % commercial yeast derived β-glucan were also included as a positive control group. Samples were collected from fish on Days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The results showed that fish fed with the highest two levels of fungal derived β-glucan had enhanced immune responses compared to the control group, with respiratory burst activity on all days examined and lysozyme activity on 7 days post feeding (d.p.f.) being significantly elevated (P<0.05) in the group fed with 0.2 % fungal derived β-glucan, while plasma anti-protease activity on 21 d.p.f., natural antibody titre on 3 d.p.f. and complement activity 7 d.p.f. and 14 d.p.i. were significantly enhanced (P<0.05) in the group fed 0.1 % fungal derived β-glucan. The lowest dose of fungal derived β-glucan (0.05 %) appeared insufficient to effectively stimulate the fish’s immune response. WBC count, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity and complement were useful as an early indication of immunostimulation (1 to 7 days). Four weeks after feeding with the different diets, the fish were experimentally infected with E. ictaluri by immersion using 8 x104 cfu ml-1 for 1 h and mortalities were monitored for 14 days. There was a great deal of variation in the level of mortalities within the four replicate tanks for each dietary group. Although the in vivo challenge results showed no statistical differences between the groups fed on the different diets, the highest mortalities were observed in group fed with the control diet and the lowest mortalities were observed in the groups fed with commercial yeast derived β-glucan and 0.2 % fungal derived β glucan. Immune gene expression following stimulation with β-glucan and challenge with E. ictaluri was investigated in Chapter 5.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Phuoc. "Enviromental factors affecting the pathogenesis of Edwardsiella ictaluri in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20644.

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Bacillary Necrosis of Pangasius (BNP) caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri is considered to be the most serious disease occurring in farmed striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Vietnam. This disease has had an increasing impact over the last ten years and has been reported to cause 50-90% mortality of stocks during a single outbreak. Data obtained from natural outbreaks of E. ictaluri in striped catfish showed the role of environmental factors in the establishment and progression of this disease. At present, factors affecting the virulence and transmission of E. ictaluri in striped catfish are poorly understood. The central hypothesis of this thesis focuses on the complex picture of the environmental factors and infectivity of E. ictaluri in striped catfish. In this study, 80 isolates of E. ictaluri recovered from natural clinical disease outbreaks occurring in striped catfish farms between 2002 and 2011 located in 4 distinct geographical areas within Vietnam were characterised using a variety of methods. The biochemical profiles showed that E. ictaluri isolates from striped catfish in Vietnam have similar phenotypic characteristics to other E. ictaluri isolates from other infected fish species. These data showed high levels of phenotypic homogeneity between the E. ictaluri isolates investigated. The status of isolates recovered from natural infections over time and from geographically distinct farms was evaluated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid profile identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The PFGE results showed 6 main groups with a similarity of 82% and the corresponding genotypes of the prevalent isolates illustrated annual differences. Three plasmid groups were identified distributed among the isolates investigated, in which high molecular weight plasmids of approximately 35 and 140 kb were found in two of the groups. Plasmid profiles of the present study did not show any trend of geographical region or year of isolation. The 140 kb plasmid has been considered as a multi-antibiotic resistance plasmid which confers resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim and sulphonamides. All Vietnamese isolates showed a high level of resistance to Oxolinic acid, Sulfadimethoxine/Ormetoprim (Romet), Oxytetracycline and Amoxicillin. A reproducible bacterial immersion challenge model was developed and the LD60 estimated prior to performing subsequent experimental challenge studies. Fish were exposed to 107 cfu ml-1 of E. ictaluri by immersion for up to 30 seconds, resulting in a cumulative percentage mortality of 63%. Edwardsiella ictaluri was recovered and identified from all the dead and moribund fish during these experiments and affected fish showed similar clinical signs and pathology to those reported from natural E. ictaluri infections. The present study resulted in a successful experimental immersion challenge model for E. ictaluri infection in healthy striped catfish. Cohabitation challenges were also developed and produced 15-40% mortality, typical clinical signs and pathology, and successful recovery of the challenge organism demonstrating horizontal transmission of E. ictaluri in striped catfish. Experimental studies were then conducted to investigate the association between pH or salinity of water and susceptibility to E. ictaluri infection in striped catfish. The first experiments were performed in in vitro conditions in which E. ictaluri isolates were cultured in a variety of pH and salt concentrations. In vivo experiments were then designed where striped catfish were exposed to 107 cfu ml-1 of E. ictaluri for 30 seconds and then held at 4 different water pHs (5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) or NaCl concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%). The results of in vitro experiments showed that a pH value between 5.5 to 6.5 and salt concentration between 0-0.5% were optimal for the growth of E. ictaluri. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the cumulative mortality of striped catfish in water at pH 5 and pH 6 was significantly higher than that of fish maintained in more alkaline water (p<0.05). By contrast, the cumulative mortality of the striped catfish maintained in 0.5% salt concentration was significantly lower than those kept in 0%, 1% and 1.5% salt concentration (p<0.05). Clinical signs, lesions and histopathological changes in the affected fish were consistent with those reported in natural infections. This study highlighted the use of pH 8.5 and salinity of 0.5% NaCl as a means of decreasing the susceptibility of striped catfish to E. ictaluri. In conclusion, this study used a variety of methods in order to enhance the understanding of the biochemical, biophysical characteristics, plasmid profile and antibiotic resistance as well as the relatedness of E. ictaluri isolates recovered from farmed striped catfish in Vietnam. This study provided two reliable and reproducible bacterial challenge models (immersion and cohabitation) and emphasised the link between pH and salinity with the infectivity and pathogenicity of E. ictaluri in striped catfish.
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Soto, Esteban. "Genetic and virulence diversity of Flavobacterium columnare." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05292007-091752.

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Griffin, Matt J. "Development and application of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the myxozoan parasite Henneguya ictaluri." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07102008-165508.

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Zhang, Yinfeng. "Molecular characterization of Edwardsiella spp. and Flavobacterium columnare." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/ZHANG_YINFENG_23.pdf.

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Edwards-Morris, Seanicaa Evette. "IDENTIFICATION OF DISEASE AND WEATHER RELATED LOSS FACTORS AND AN EFFICIENCY MEASURE AFFECTING THE U.S. FARM-RAISED CATFISH INDUSTRY." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04042008-092426/.

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This study analyzed factors that affected catfish losses from diseases and weather events and factors that affected on-farm efficiency. A double limit tobit model was used to determine the magnitudes of losses experienced by producers due to these events, while a linear regression model was used to determine factors that affect efficiency. Results from the weather model indicate all variables are significant and positively affect loss while producer experience and pond depth were the only significant variables that affected disease loss. The efficiency model results provide information that could be increased or decreased in order to obtain a more efficient level of production. Significant inputs in the catfish efficiency model were age, experience, age/experience (interactive), catfish survival percentage, and percentage of fry and fingerlings purchased off-farm.
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McHugh, Kyle Joseph. "Sustainable utilisation of angling resources in the Pongolapoort Dam with specific reference to the health of tigerfish and sharptooth catfish populations." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4715.

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M.Sc.
The tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus member of the Alestidae, are ferocious and fierce predators capable of consuming prey up to 40% of their size. In South Africa H. vittatus can be found in the major east-flowing rivers from the Limpopo River to the Phongolo River flowing into the Pongolapoort Dam making up the southernmost population. The Pongolapoort Dam also known as Lake Jozini is located in the high-rainfall subtropical region of northern KwaZulu-Natal. The Pongolapoort Dam wall was completed in 1973 to make it the fifth largest dam in South Africa with a total surface area of 2 445.9 x 106 m2. It was primarily built for the irrigation of sugar-cane in the surrounding regions. The Fish Health Assessment Index is used as a quantitative index that identifies morphological alterations and assigns them a score for statistical comparison. The main purpose of the macroscopic Fish Health Assessment Index is to detect gross changes in the health of fish populations through necropsy early enough for remedial actions to be put into place. Histopathology is used as an important diagnostic tool for detecting infectious and non-infectious diseases and can therefore be used to assess the health of fish populations by analysing selected target organs. Catch and release (C&R) angling has become a very widely promoted conservation tool as sport angling continues to increase. Anglers release their fish under the assumption that the fish will survive; however, the end results have been shown to vary greatly, from death of the fish to sub-lethal end points such as exhaustive exercise, injury and/or air exposure which will affect the fitness of the fish. The first aim of the study was to determine the health status of H. vittatus and C. gariepinus from the Pongolapoort Dam by means of a histology-based fish health assessment protocol applied to a total of 45 H. vittatus specimens collected in February 2009 (n = 30) and July 2009 (n = 15) and a total of 19 C. gariepinus specimens collected in October 2009 (n = 10) and April 2010 (n = 9). In the H. vittatus specimens DDT was found in the axial muscle; the concentrations of these in February 2009 (5 403.9 ng∙g-1 lipid) and July 2009 (5 537.4 ng∙g-1 lipid). The Mean Index values showed that the Kidney Index (IK), Gill Index (IG) and Fish Index (IFISH) were higher in fish from the February survey while the Liver Index (IL) was higher in those collected during July. Liver alterations identified included intercellular oedema, granular degeneration, vacuolation, nuclear pleomorphism and lymphocyte infiltration. Kidney alterations included dilation of the glomerulus capillaries, vacuolation and hyaline droplet degeneration. Gill alterations identified included telangiectasia and hyperplasia of the secondary lamella, congestion, and rupture of pillar cells.
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McCartney, Jerald Barton. "Studies on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and the immune system of Ictalurus punctatus with emphasis on early detection of disease, chemotherapeutic agents and production of biological reagents." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27487.

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Sink, Todd David. "The function of the stress hormone cortisol in disease susceptibility of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus." 2004. http://etd.utk.edu/2004/SinkTodd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2004.
Title from title page screen (viewed Jan. 12, 2005). Thesis advisor: Richard Strange. Document formatted into pages (xiii, 127 p. : ill. (some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-85).
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"Study of Edwardsiella ictaluri Conserved Genes Towards the Development of an Attenuated Recombinant Vaccine for Fish Host." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14901.

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abstract: Teleosts have the most primitive adaptive immune system. However, in terms of functionality the teleost immune system is similar to birds and mammals. On the other hand, enteric bacterial pathogens of mammals and birds present conserved regulatory mechanisms that control virulence factors. In this context, deletion of conserved genes that control virulence factors have been successfully used as measure to construct live attenuated bacterial vaccines for mammals and birds. Here, I hypothesize that evolutionary conserved genes, which control virulence factors or are essential for bacterial physiology in Enterobacteriaceae, could be used as universal tools to design live attenuated recombinant bacterial vaccines from fish to mammals. The evolutionary conserved genes that control virulence factors, crp and fur, and the essential gene for the synthesis of the cell wall, asd, were studied in Edwardsiella ictaluri to develop a live recombinant vaccine for fish host. The genus Edwardsiella is one of the most ancient represent of the Enterobacteriaceae family. E. ictaluri, a host restricted pathogen of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), is the causative agent of the enteric septicemia and one of the most important pathogens of this fish aquaculture. Although, crp and fur control different virulence factors in Edwardsiella, in comparison to other enterics, individual deletion of these genes triggered protective immune response at the systemic and mucosal level of the fish. Deletion of asdA gene allowed the creation of a balanced-lethal system to syntheses heterologous antigens. I concluded that crp, fur and asd could be universally used to develop live attenuate recombinant Enterobacteriaceae base vaccines for different hosts.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Microbiology 2012
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Books on the topic "Catfishes - Diseases"

1

Hanfman, Deborah T. Catfish diseases and control, 1979 - 1986: 47 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1987.

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Smith, Mona F. Catfish diseases and control, January 1979-November 1988: 70 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1989.

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Hanfman, Deborah T. Catfish diseases and control: January 1979 - April 1990. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1990.

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Hanfman, Deborah T. Catfish diseases and control: January 1979 - April 1991. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1991.

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5

Bullock, G. L. Edwardsiella infections of fishes. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989.

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Bullock, G. L. Edwardsiella infections of fishes. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fishery Research, 1985.

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7

Plumb, John A. Channel catfish virus disease. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fisheries and Wetlands Research, 1986.

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McCraren, Joseph P. Channel catfish virus disease. [Washington, DC]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989.

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9

Plumb, John A. Channel catfish virus disease. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fisheries and Wetlands Research, 1986.

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McCraren, Joseph P. Channel catfish virus disease. [Washington, DC]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Catfishes - Diseases"

1

Tucker, Craig S., and Edwin H. Robinson. "Infectious Diseases." In Channel Catfish Farming Handbook, 317–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1376-3_12.

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2

"Catfish Bacterial Diseases." In Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes, 275–313. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958353.ch11.

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"Catfish Viruses." In Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes, 95–107. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958353.ch5.

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4

Hawke, John P., and Lester H. Khoo. "14 Infectious diseases." In Biology and Culture of Channel Catfish, 387–443. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9309(04)80016-4.

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"Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium." In Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium, edited by EDWARD N. SISMOUR, M. DAVID CROSBY, SCOTT H. NEWTON, and MICHAEL L. FINE. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874257.ch21.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—U.S. Game and Fish agencies and farm-pond owners throughout the United States use commercially produced channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus </em>fingerlings transported from the southern United States for supplemental stocking. We conducted six trials to examine whether pathogen load, body condition, and select environmental factors influence fingerling survival following transport and cage stocking. Fingerlings were sampled prior to stocking and weekly for the following 3 weeks. Weights and lengths were measured, and a relative condition index was used to quantify body condition. Skin scrapings and gill clippings were examined microscopically for pathogens, and posterior kidney was assayed for <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Mortality was either less than 10% (four trials) or catastrophic (two trials). A Columnaris disease epizootic was associated with ~50% mortality in one trial, and a red sore disease epizootic was associated with ~80% mortality in another. Body condition or other pathogens, present initially or acquired in study ponds, were not associated with high mortality. The first week appears to be critical for the survival of channel catfish fingerlings following transport.
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