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Journal articles on the topic 'Catfishes - Diseases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Eshra, E., and A. El Asely. "Comparative osteology and three dimensional computed tomography of Nile catfishes, in relation to feeding mechanisms." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 03 (July 2014): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.059913.

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Abstract Introduction: For the first time three- dimensional Computed Tomography was used in a study concerning Nile catfishes heads. Methods: The present study is carried out on 40 heads of four examplar species of catfish families, Bagridae (B. bajad); Clariidae (C.garpineus); Malapteruridae (M. electricus) and Mochokidae (S. schall). Specimens are double-stained for cartilage and bone, as done by Taylor and Van Dyke (1985). Results: the skull of M. electricus was consisted of both bones and cartilage, as the frontal, parietal, supraoccipital, postparietal, sphenotic and pterootic were remained cartilages in mature fish. In order to ease the studying process the bones of catfish skulls were arranged in clear twelve series. This arrangement may facilitate the diagnosis of the malformations and other related diseases. Despite the similarity of the feeding apparatus in the Nile-catfish, they have different feeding mechanisms. B. bajad able to feed on large sized preys because of the free branchiostegeal membrane, the large dimensions of the oral and pharyngeal gap limits. M. electricus has another method as we suggest that the liable cartilages which form the skull roof are easily squeezed by voluminous muscles, raise the roof of the mouth and expand the oropharynx. In S. schall the narrow oropharyngeal limits and the subterminal mouth are suitable for sucking small mollusks, a process aided by the hard pad of the upper lip and the brush like mandibular teeth. Conclusions: This work provides an anatomical description of the fish heads using 3D CT which may facilitate the diagnosis of malformations and other related diseases. It also discussed the different feeding habits of the Nile Catfish.

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Kelly, Erin, Amanda D. Barbosa, Susan Gibson-Kueh, and Alan J. Lymbery. "Haematozoa of wild catfishes in northern Australia." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 7, no. 1 (April 2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.12.002.

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3

Tossavi, Nounagnon Darius, Adam Gbankoto, Alphonse Adité, Moudachirou Ibikounlé, Christoph Grunau, and Gilbert Nestor Sakiti. "Metazoan parasite communities of catfishes (Teleostei: Siluridae) in Benin (West Africa)." Parasitology Research 113, no. 11 (August 10, 2014): 3973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4063-x.

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Acosta, Aline Angelina, Tomáš Scholz, Isabel Blasco-Costa, Philippe Vieira Alves, and Reinaldo José da Silva. "A new genus and two new species of dactylogyrid monogeneans from gills of Neotropical catfishes (Siluriformes: Doradidae and Loricariidae)." Parasitology International 67, no. 1 (February 2018): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2017.09.012.

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Přikrylová, Iva, Radim Blažek, and Maarten P. M. Vanhove. "An overview of the Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) species parasitizing African catfishes, and their morphological and molecular diversity." Parasitology Research 110, no. 3 (August 18, 2011): 1185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2612-0.

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Ondračková, Markéta, Mária Seifertová, Anna Bryjová, Eric Leis, and Pavel Jurajda. "Morphometric and genetic evidence for cryptic diversity in Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) infecting non-native European populations of Ameiurus nebulosus and A. melas." Parasitology 147, no. 14 (July 30, 2020): 1700–1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020001195.

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AbstractGyrodactylid parasites were observed on non-native populations of North-American freshwater catfishes, Ameiurus nebulosus and Ameiurus melas (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), at several sites in the Elbe River basin, Czech Republic, Europe. Using a combination of morphological and genetic analyses, the parasites infecting A. nebulosus were determined to be Gyrodactylus nebulosus, a North American parasite co-introduced to Europe along with its Ameiurus fish hosts. Subtle morphometrical differences, as well as seasonal variations, were observed among parasites collected from A. nebulosus and A. melas. The host-related variation was further supported through genetic analysis of the partial 18S rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and COI, showing 0.2, 3.0 and 4.8% divergence, respectively. Consistent genetic differences indicated there were two distinct genotypes. Subtle morphological differences associated with the shape of sickle toe, anchor root and ventral bar membrane, according to host species, also supported the description of a new cryptic species, Gyrodactylus melas n. sp., infecting A. melas. Multivariate morphometrical analysis of haptoral hard parts showed significant differences between the anchor lengths of G. nebulosus and G. melas n. sp. However, the measurements of the haptoral hard structures partially overlapped between species, limiting the usage of these parameters for species delineation.

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Alves, Philippe V., Alain de Chambrier, José L. Luque, Ricardo M. Takemoto, Luiz E. R. Tavares, and Tomáš Scholz. "New arrangement of three genera of fish tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) in catfishes (Siluriformes) from the Neotropical Region: taxonomic implications of molecular phylogenetic analyses." Parasitology Research 120, no. 5 (April 9, 2021): 1593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07138-3.

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Hossain, Md Alamgir, Md Motaher Hossain, Md Golam Rasul, and Mohammad Abu Jafor Bapary. "Public health and hygienic condition of retailers at fish markets in Sylhet Sadar of Bangladesh." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 12 (2019): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061223.

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The hygienic and sanitary conditions of majority of the retail fish markets are very poor and unhealthy that may have an impact on fish retailers. The present study was conducted in two retail fish markets located in Kajirbazar and Bondorbazar, in Sadar Sylhet, to assess the hygiene and sanitary condition of fish retailers. Information was collected through questionnaire interview and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) from the retailers and other value chain stakeholders. It was found that about 82% of fish retailers were permanent in these retail markets. The retailers are mainly involved in selling various species of fishes such as carps, catfishes, tilapia, koi, hilsa, shrimp and other small indigenous fishes. The sources of these fishes are mainly of nearby haors, river and ponds. The retailers get fishes from various suppliers and also collected from producers. The income level of fish retailers is relatively low although they are trying to improve their socio-economic conditions. Besides, about 9% of the retailers do not have any formal education whereas 70% and 21% have their education in primary and secondary level, respectively. Although the majority of the retailers were found literate, however, their knowledge on public health was seemed to be very poor. Due to lack of proper knowledge on public health, they are frequently affected by various diseases such as common cold, diarrhea, lesion, fever, skin disease and so on. Particularly, 48% of the fish retailers are affected by the lesion on hands, and 31% and 27% of retailers have been affected by the lesion between fingers or toes, respectively. About 20% of the retailers do not have adequate knowledge on fish quality or benefit of using ice in fish preservation in retail markets. Considering all together, the present study revealed that the retailers operated fish markets are ill-managed, unhygienic and unsatisfactory. The lack of proper fish preservation facilities, poor water supply and unplanned infrastructures are generally regarded as a noticeable problem in the retail markets. In addition, the lack of retailer’s education, consciousness about fish quality, lack of training on hygienic and sanitary conditions are seemed to be involved in spoiling or deteriorating fish quality before reaching to the consumers. Therefore, the proper education and training on hygienic and sanitary conditions as well as sufficient knowledge on maintaining fish quality is required for retailers involved in fish retailing in the markets. It can be concluded that the improvement of relevant facilities of fish markets and proper supervision by respective authorities can ensure the better public health for retailers and safe fish food for consumers.

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Mulei, Isaac R., Paul G. Mbuthia, Robert M. Waruiru, Phillip N. Nyaga, Stephen Mutoloki, and Øystein Evensen. "Management Practices, Farmers’ Knowledge of Diseased Fish, and Their Occurrence in Fish Farms in Nyeri County, Kenya." Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8896604.

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In this study, fish farmers’ management practices, occurrence, and knowledge of fish diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya, were evaluated. Fish farming management practices for small-scale farmers in Kenya have numerous challenges which have led to disease occurrence and reduced production. Moreover, the impact and association of these challenges to farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases and their burden has not been fully studied. A semistructured questionnaire was used to capture farmers’ biodata, fish species farmed, and farmers’ management practices such as handling of nets, pond fertilization, and disposal of fish waste. Farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases was based on their ability to identify independent and dependent variable indicators. Independent variables included clinical signs, decreased feeding, bulging eyes, floating on water, abdominal swelling, bulging eyes, abnormal skin color, reduced growth, and abnormal swimming with fish death as were the dependent variable. A total of 208 farmers were interviewed and included those of tilapia (134), mixed tilapia and catfish (40), catfish (22), rainbow trout, and five dams under cooperative management. Tilapia was the most kept fish species (66.8%) followed by polyculture of tilapia and catfish (20%) and rainbow trout (2%). Most respondents were male (78.5%) over 51 years of age (50%). Fifty percent of the respondents had secondary school education. There was a significant association between deaths and sharing of nets in Kieni East subcounty ( p = 0.0049 , chi-square), while on-farm fish waste disposing appeared to cause higher deaths compared to burning of the waste although not statistically significant ( p = 0.13 ). Few respondents observed decreased feed uptake (<20%) and poor growth. Fifty-seven percent of farmers reported mortalities. Fish poor growth, floating in water, and management practices in subcounties had significant effect on fish deaths. The farmers had knowledge of signs of diseased fish, but there was paucity of knowing the specific causes of disease. Farmers need to be empowered on best aquaculture husbandry to avoid disease transmission and specific fish disease signs to enhance proper reporting of disease for subsequent mitigation measures.

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Febrianto, Ramdhan, and Sudarno Sudarno. "Fish Oil Production Process From Waste Catfish (Pangasius Pangasius) in Balai Besar Pengujian Penerapan Hasil Perikanan (BBP2HP) East Jakarta." Journal of Marine and Coastal Science 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmcs.v9i2.20251.

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Processing by product of catfish (Pangasius pangasius) on domestic scale or industrial produces many problems related to polluting the environment. Fish processing industry activities always generate waste because it is used generally only part of the meat, head, offal (entrails), spines and skin removed. Catfish have oil content is high enough, so the catfish waste has the potential to be extracted fish oil are rich in benefits. Fish oils generally contain unsaturated fatty acids are eicosapentaenoicacid (EPA) and docosahecsaenoatacid (DHA). Unsaturated fatty acids are known to prevent many diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, cancer, platelet mellitus, diseases of the bone joints, asthma, and prevent the aging process. The purpose of Field Work Practice are learned the process of oil production fish waste from catfish (Pangasius pangasius). The Practice of Field Work has been carried out at the Balai Besar Pengujian Penerapan Hasil Perikanan (BBP2HP). The results obtained through observation, interviews and active participation in the manufacture of fish oil in BBP2HP includes the preparation of materials and tools, washing, weighing, heating, pressing, phase separation, making crude oil, and packaging. Raw materials used in the manufacture of oil is a waste of catfish (Pangasius pangasius). From 1 kg of waste catfish (offal, belly flap, head, fins, tail) obtained 116 ml crude fish oil. Section waste catfish has gone through the process of steaming and pressing which causes the water content there in is reduced. After that, the catfish oil packed in bottles.

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Herlina, Nofripa, Novia Gesriantuti, Shabri Putra Wirman, Elsie Elsie, Israwati Harahap, Yeeri Badrun, and Yulia Fitri. "PKMS Kampung Lele, Desa Pantai Raja, Kecamatan Perhentian Raja, Kabupaten Kampar." Jurnal Pengabdian UntukMu NegeRI 4, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jpumri.v4i1.1788.

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Partners in the Stimulus Community Partnership Program (PKMS) are RT 08 RW 02 Pantai Raja Village, Perhentian Raja District, Kampar Regency. This partner group has a business as a catfish breeder (Clarias sp.). Catfish hatchery efforts in Pantai Raja Village have started 8 years ago. However, there are problems faced by catfish farmers, namely catfish attacked by diseases and death such as fungal diseases, white spots on the body of the fish. This is thought to be caused by water quality that is not good (poisonous) as well as a lot of residual fish residue at the bottom of the pond. Based on this, the team from the Stimulus Community Partnership Program (PKMS) Muhammadiyah University of Riau (UMRI) has conducted mentoring and monitoring activities to help resolve problems from partners. The forms of activities that have been carried out are socialization and training in aquaponics making. Based on discussions with participants during the socialization and training, it can be seen that participants' knowledge of good aquaponics is felt to be very lacking.

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12

Hanson, Larry A., and John M. Grizzle. "Nitrite-Induced Predisposition of Channel Catfish to Bacterial Diseases." Progressive Fish-Culturist 47, no. 2 (April 1985): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47<98:npocct>2.0.co;2.

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13

Sefti Heza Dwinanti, Ratu Brata T. Mengkrin, and Ade Dwi Sasanti. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTIVE POWER OF STARFRUIT (Averrhoa bilimbi) JUICE IN CATFISH AGAINST MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA DISEASES." Journal of Fish Health 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jfh.v1i1.152.

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Starfruit contains active ingredients such as flavonoids, phenols, antioxidants and vitamin C so that it can be used as an immunostimulant in catfish farming activities. Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is one of the obstacles that can cause catfish farming losses. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in timing of feeding containing starfruit juice to protect catfish from MAS disease. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments (P) in the form of feeding duration containing starfruit for 7 days (P1), 14 days (P2), 21 days (P3), 28 days (P4). and 35 days (P5) and control of feeding without star fruit juice (P0). The research was carried out at the Aquaculture Laboratory, Sriwijya University. The dose of star fruit juice mixed in the feed is 300 mL.Kg-1 while the catfish used is 8-12 cm in size. The challenge test used Aeromonas hydrophilla bacteria with a density of 108 CFU.mL-1 which was injected as much as 0.5 mL.tail-1 intramuscularly. The results showed that administration containing starfruit juice for 28 days provided the best protection. Based on the hematological test the day before and before infection, the delta decreased the hematocrit by 3% and the delta decreased the erythrocyte count by 3,103 cells.mL-1. In addition, live feed after infection was 100%, prevalence was 17.78% and there was no effect of giving starfruit juice on growth and feed efficiency.

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Saleh, Mona, Boglárka Sellyei, Gyula Kovács, and Csaba Székely. "Viruses Infecting the European Catfish (Silurus glanis)." Viruses 13, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091865.

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In aquaculture, disease management and pathogen control are key for a successful fish farming industry. In past years, European catfish farming has been flourishing. However, devastating fish pathogens including limiting fish viruses are considered a big threat to further expanding of the industry. Even though mainly the ranavirus (Iridoviridea) and circovirus (Circoviridea) infections are considered well- described in European catfish, more other agents including herpes-, rhabdo or papillomaviruses are also observed in the tissues of catfish with or without any symptoms. The etiological role of these viruses has been unclear until now. Hence, there is a requisite for more detailed information about the latter and the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches to complete them. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about viruses that affect the European catfish and describe their origin, distribution, molecular characterisation, and phylogenetic classification. We also highlight the knowledge gaps, which need more in-depth investigations in the future.

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Wagner, Bruce A., David J. Wise, Lester H. Khoo, and Jeffery S. Terhune. "The Epidemiology of Bacterial Diseases in Food-Size Channel Catfish." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 14, no. 4 (December 2002): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0263:teobdi>2.0.co;2.

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Schrader, Kevin, Mohamed Ibrahim, Howaida Abd-Alla, Charles Cantrell, and David Pasco. "Antibacterial Activities of Metabolites from Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine) Roots against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria." Molecules 23, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112761.

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Enteric septicemia of catfish, columnaris disease and streptococcosis, caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri, Flavobacterium columnare and Streptococcus iniae, respectively, are the most common bacterial diseases of economic significance to the pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus industry. Certain management practices are used by catfish farmers to prevent large financial losses from these diseases such as the use of commercial antibiotics. In order to discover environmentally benign alternatives, using a rapid bioassay, we evaluated a crude extract from the roots of muscadine Vitis rotundifolia against these fish pathogenic bacteria and determined that the extract was most active against F. columnare. Subsequently, several isolated compounds from the root extract were isolated. Among these isolated compounds, (+)-hopeaphenol (2) and (+)-vitisin A (3) were found to be the most active (bacteriostatic activity only) against F. columnare, with 24-h 50% inhibition concentrations of 4.0 ± 0.7 and 7.7 ± 0.6 mg/L, respectively, and minimum inhibitory concentrations of 9.1 ± 0 mg/L for each compound which were approximately 25X less active than the drug control florfenicol. Efficacy testing of 2 and 3 is necessary to further evaluate the potential for these compounds to be used as antibacterial agents for managing columnaris disease.

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Santander, Javier, Jacquelyn Kilbourne, Jie-Yeun Park, Taylor Martin, Amanda Loh, Ignacia Diaz, Robert Rojas, Cristopher Segovia, Dale DeNardo, and Roy Curtiss. "Inflammatory Effects of Edwardsiella ictaluri Lipopolysaccharide Modifications in Catfish Gut." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 8 (May 27, 2014): 3394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01697-14.

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ABSTRACTBacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are structural components of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and also are potent inducers of inflammation in mammals. Higher vertebrates are extremely sensitive to LPS, but lower vertebrates, like fish, are resistant to their systemic toxic effects. However, the effects of LPS on the fish intestinal mucosa remain unknown.Edwardsiella ictaluriis a primitive member of theEnterobacteriaceaefamily that causes enteric septicemia in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).E. ictaluriinfects and colonizes deep lymphoid tissues upon oral or immersion infection. Both gut and olfactory organs are the primary sites of invasion. At the systemic level,E. ictaluripathogenesis is relatively well characterized, but our knowledge aboutE. ictaluriintestinal interaction is limited. Recently, we observed thatE. ictalurioligo-polysaccharide (O-PS) LPS mutants have differential effects on the intestinal epithelia of orally inoculated catfish. Here we evaluate the effects ofE. ictaluriO-PS LPS mutants by using a novel catfish intestinal loop model and compare it to the rabbit ileal loop model inoculated withSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium LPS. We found evident differences in rabbit ileal loop and catfish ileal loop responses toE. ictaluriandS. Typhimurium LPS. We determined that catfish respond toE. ictaluriLPS but not toS. Typhimurium LPS. We also determined thatE. ictaluriinhibits cytokine production and induces disruption of the intestinal fish epithelia in an O-PS-dependent fashion. TheE. ictaluriwild type and ΔwibTLPS mutant caused intestinal tissue damage and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, in contrast toE. ictaluriΔgneand ΔugdLPS mutants. We concluded that theE. ictaluriO-PS subunits play a major role during pathogenesis, since they influence the recognition of the LPS by the intestinal mucosal immune system of the catfish. The LPS structure ofE. ictalurimutants is needed to understand the mechanism of interaction.

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Duarte, Sergio A., Michael P. Masser, and John A. Plumb. "Seasonal Occurrence of Diseases in Cage-Reared Channel Catfish, 1987–1991." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 5, no. 3 (September 1993): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0223:soodic>2.3.co;2.

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Stehly, Guy R., William H. Gingerich, Connie R. Kiessling, and Cutting Jeffrey H. "A Bridging Study for Oxytetracycline in the Edible Fillet of Rainbow Trout: Analysis by a Liquid Chromatographic Method and the Official Microbial Inhibition Assay." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 4 (July 1, 1999): 866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.4.866.

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Abstract Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to control certain diseases in salmonids and catfish. OTC is also a likely control agent for diseases of other fish species and for other diseases of salmonids and catfish not currently on the label. One requirement for FDA to extend and expand the approval of this antibacterial agent to other fish species is residue depletion studies. The current regulatory method for OTC in fish tissue, based on microbial inhibition, lacks sensitivity and specificity. To conduct residue depletion studies for OTC in fish with a liquid chromatographic method, a bridging study was required to determine its relationship with the official microbial inhibition assay. Triplicate samples of rainbow trout fillet tissue fortified with OTC at 0.3,0.6,1.2,2.4,4.8, and 9.6 ppm and fillet tissue with incurred OTC at approximately 0.75,1.5, and 3.75 ppm were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the microbial inhibition assay. The results indicated that the 2 methods are essentially identical in the tested range, with mean coefficients of variation of 1.05% for the HPLC method and 3.94% for the microbial inhibition assay.

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Sidorova, Valentina Ivanovna, Saule Zhangirovna Asylbekova, Nadezhda Ivanovna Yеnvareva, Saya Kashkinbayevna Koyshibaeva, Nina Sergeevna Badryzlova, Alyona Aleksandrovna Mukhramova, and Azis Vasilyevich Shutkarayev. "Extruded starter compound feeds for clarid catfish." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2020, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2020-2-82-93.

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Industrial fish-breeding is a promising trend for freshwater aquaculture development. The production of clarid catfish in Kazakhstan has advantages over traditionally grown fish species (trout, sturgeon) due to their valuable edible qualities. Clarid catfish grows very quickly even at high seeding densities, is undemanding to the environment, resistant to diseases, and effectively assimilates food. When growing clarid catfish in water recycling systems it is possible to refuse using oxygen equipment, because the fish species can use atmospheric air for breathing. As a result, the construction of such plants can save up to 40% of capital investments. In the course of the research, the physiological nutritional requirements of clarid catfish juveniles were established. Based on the data obtained there have been developed two extruded starter compound feed recipes for clarid catfish juveniles containing protein/fat 53.5 : 11.4 and 61.85 : 5.82 and energy exchange energy value varying within 16.46 - 17.12 MJ/kg. There have been conducted the production tests on assessing the efficiency of the developed compound feed and their intake by larvae and clarid catfish fry in the fish farms of “Kapshagayskoye NVH-1973”, LLP and “HalykBalyk”, LLP. The feed Aller Agua (Denmark) served as a control feed for comparing the nutritional and consumer qualities of the developed feed for trout. The determined feeding ratio of the developed feed did not exceed 0.93 units, it was insignificantly inferior to the import feed. The fry survival rate made 76% when using both the control and developed feed. The compound feeds for clarid catfish juveniles were developed by extruding, which allowed to obtain increased digestibility, water resistance and extended storage life. Introducing these feeds into the fish breeding practice will help to increase the efficiency of clarid catfish fry growth and expand opportunities of aquaculture facilities.

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Peterman, Mark A., and Benedict C. Posadas. "Direct Economic Impact of Fish Diseases on the East Mississippi Catfish Industry." North American Journal of Aquaculture 81, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10090.

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da Costa, AR, DC de Abreu, R. Torres Chideroli, KMdSd Espirito Santo, D. Dib Gonçalves, GW Di Santis, and Ud Pádua Pereira. "Interspecies transmission of Edwardsiella ictaluri in Brazilian catfish (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) from exotic invasive fish species." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 145 (July 15, 2021): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03610.

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Infections caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri are one of the biggest problems in the catfish industry in North America and have been reported in fishes around the world. E. ictaluri was detected in juvenile pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans—a Brazilian catfish—in a farm in Paraná State, Brazil; diseased animals showed ascites and neurological signs of infection, with more than 50% mortality. Exotic invasive species susceptible to this bacterium have been reported in this area. We assessed the susceptibility of pintado to E. ictaluri with experimental infection via intraperitoneal and immersion methods as well as a cohabitation experiment with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and African walking catfish Clarias gariepinus, 2 exotic invasive species. All pintados challenged by intraperitoneal and immersion routes and those cohabiting with infected C. gariepinus died within 17 d of the challenge. Mortality of Nile tilapia reached 71.42% after the intraperitoneal and 35.71% in the immersion challenges within 28 d, whereas African walking catfish showed zero mortality. Observed clinical signs were comparable to those in the farm and those described in the literature as enteric septicemia of catfish. With this study, we demonstrated the susceptibility of P. corruscans to E. ictaluri, as well as interspecies transmission of this bacterium.

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Xuan, Tran, Hoang Anh Hoang, and Le Tam. "Stability and activity of TG25P phage in control of Aeromonas hydrophila in striped catfish pond water." Science and Technology Development Journal 21, no. 2 (October 6, 2018): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v21i2.429.

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Introduction: Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypohthalmus) is a native freshwater fish species in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and significantly contributes to national aqua exports. Currently, however, the sustainable development of striped catfish farming is being affected by bacterial pathogen infections, of which hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria is one of the most common diseases. Methods: In this study, the stability of TG25P and CT45P phages to factors such as temperature, pH, and organic solvents was investigated, with the stability of TG25P being found to be higher than that of CT45P. Results: The activity of TG25P was retained to approximately 90% and 80% at 37oC and 50oC for 1 h, respectively. Its activity was maintained to greater than 80% at pH 5-9 for 24 h and approximately 90-100% in organic solvents, such as chloroform or diethyl ether, for 1 h. In addition, the stability and activity of TG25P for the control of A. hydrophila in striped catfish pond water was also evaluated for 48 h. Conclusion: TG25P was found to be highly applicable in the creation of low-cost phage-containing products for the prospective application of phage therapy in prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic septicemia in striped catfish.

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Fu, Manquan, Rui Kuang, Weicheng Wang, Yunzhen Yu, Taoshan Ai, Xiaoling Liu, Jianguo Su, and Gailing Yuan. "Hepcidin Protects Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) against Aeromonas veronii-Induced Ascites Disease by Regulating Iron Metabolism." Antibiotics 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070848.

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Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is one of the main pathogens causing bacterial diseases in aquaculture. Although previous studies have shown that hepcidin as an antimicrobial peptide can promote fish resistance to pathogenic bacterial infections, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we expressed and purified recombinant yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) hepcidin protein (rPfHep). rPfHep can up-regulate the expression of ferritin and enhance the antibacterial activity in primary hepatocytes of yellow catfish. We employed berberine hydrochloride (BBR) and Fursultiamine (FSL) as agonists and antagonists for hepcidin, respectively. The results indicated that agonist BBR can inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and the antagonist FSL shows the opposite effect. After gavage administration, rPfHep and the agonist BBR can enhance the accumulation of iron in liver, which may hinder the iron transport and limit the amount of iron available to pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, rPfHep and the agonist BBR can also reduce the mortality rate, bacterial load and histological lesions in yellow catfish infected with A. veronii. Therefore, hepcidin is an important mediator of iron metabolism, and it can be used as a candidate target for prevent bacterial infections in yellow catfish. Hepcidin and BBR have potential application value in preventing anti-bacterial infection.

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Klesius, Phillip H., Joyce J. Evans, and Craig A. Shoemaker. "Warmwater fish vaccinology in catfish production." Animal Health Research Reviews 5, no. 2 (December 2004): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ahr200489.

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AbstractThe ability of the fish industry to provide a continuous supply of fish protein depends on both proper biosecurity and strategies to significantly reduce the risk of infectious diseases. Vaccination is a safe and effective means to prevent disease and to increase the productivity and profitability of farmed fish. Vaccines are likely to be the prime prophylactic measure of the future because of rapidly developing advances in fish vaccine technology and producer acceptance. The efficacy of a vaccine is influenced by a variety of factors that must be considered in the development of vaccination strategies for fish. This review highlights some of these factors. The response to a modified live vaccine against Edwardsiella ictaluri is used for illustration.

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Hao, Kai, Sheng Yuan, Fei Yu, Xiao Hui Chen, Wen Ji Bian, Yong Hui Feng, and Zhe Zhao. "Acyclovir inhibits channel catfish virus replication and protects channel catfish ovary cells from apoptosis." Virus Research 292 (January 2021): 198249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198249.

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Levine, Elizabeth, Christina Wojewoda, Adam Shafritz, Thomas S. Rogers, Mark Lach, and Andrew J. Hale. "Tenosynovitis Associated With “Noodling” for Catfish." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 26, no. 6 (November 2018): e96-e97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000000675.

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Nur, Indriyani, Afiyfah Fitriani, and Asnani Asnani. "THE POTENTIAL OF EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF Lantana camara Linn. AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL FOR CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) INFECTED BY Aeromonas hydrophila." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.4.1.2009.41-45.

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Freshwater catfish culture has been hampered by bacterial diseases. One of the agents of the bacterial disease is Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS). The application of synthetic antibiotics has had some disadvantages such as bacterial resistance and undegradable in water. One of the potential antibacterial herbs is Lantana camara. Information of Lantana as an antibacterial on catfish is still limited. Therefore, the experiment of utilization of Lantana as an antibacterial for catfish should be conducted. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of Lantana extract as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila for catfish. The completely randomized design was applied consisting of four treatments using two parts of the plant, leaves and flowers. The treatments were: A = 1,000 ppm of leaves; B = 2,000 ppm of leaves; C = 1,000 ppm of flowers; D = 2,000 ppm of flowers), and control. Lantana extracts were diluted into each culture media which had been infected with A. hydrophila. Several factors were observed in this experiment such as prevalence with of MAS disease, survival rate, percentage of haematocrites and total of leukocytes of fish blood. The results showed that the fish treated with 2,000 ppm of flowers extract had a lower in prevalence of MAS disease and higher in survival rate than those treated with 1,000 ppm; 2,000 ppm of leaves; and 1,000 ppm of flowers, respectively. However, percentage of haematocrytes and total of leucocytes was not influenced by the extracts from different parts of Lantana plant. In conclusion, 2,000 ppm of Lantana flowers extract might be useful as an antibacterial of A. hydrophila for catfish culture.

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Hoffman, G. L., F. Jimenez Guzman, L. Galaviz Silva, F. Segovia Salinas, H. Garza Fernandez, and P. Wesche Ebeling. "Parasitos y Enfermedades del Bagre, Ictalurus spp. (Parasites and Diseases of Catfish Species)." Journal of Parasitology 73, no. 4 (August 1987): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282422.

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Tamba, Jaya Maruli, Henni Syawal, and Iesje Lukistyowati. "Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Striped Catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) kept in Aquaculture Ponds." Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 26, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.26.1.40-46.

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Koto Masjid Village is the largest production center in striped catfish fish farming activities in Riau Province. One of the inhibiting factors is the disease caused by bacteria, this study aims to determine the types of pathogenic bacteria that have the potential to infect striped catfish. This research was conducted in August - November 2019, samples of striped catfish used in the study amounted to 15 tails with an average length of 15-25 cm taken from 5 ponds in Kampung II, Koto Masjid Village, XIII Koto Kampar Subdistrict, and then identified bacteria by Conventional Laboratory in Fish Parasites and Diseases, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Riau University, Pekanbaru. This study uses a survey method that is by taking samples from the field in Pu and then the isolation of bacteria is carried out from the kidney organ in the TSB media then purified on the TSA media. The results of the study found 3 types of pathogenic bacteria namely Aeromonas sp., Edwardsiella sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Water quality during the study was pH 6.6-70, DO 4.05-4.35 mg/L, NH3 0.035-0.2 mg/L and Temperature 28-300C.

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Santander, Javier, Greg Golden, Soo-Young Wanda, and Roy Curtiss. "Fur-Regulated Iron Uptake System of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Its Influence on Pathogenesis and Immunogenicity in the Catfish Host." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 8 (May 21, 2012): 2689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00013-12.

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ABSTRACTThe ability of bacterial pathogens to take up iron from the host during infection is necessary for their multiplication within the host. However, host high-affinity iron binding proteins limit levels of free iron in fluids and tissues. To overcome this deficiency of iron during infection, bacterial pathogens have developed iron uptake systems that are upregulated in the absence of iron, typically tightly controlled by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein. The iron uptake system ofEdwardsiella ictaluri, a host-restricted pathogen of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and the main pathogen of this fish in aquaculture, is unknown. Here we describe theE. ictaluriFur protein, the iron uptake machinery controlled by Fur, and the effects offurgene deletion on virulence and immunogenicity in the fish host. Analysis of theE. ictaluriFur protein shows that it lacks the N-terminal region found in the majority of pathogen-encoded Fur proteins. However, it is fully functional in regulated genes encoding iron uptake proteins.E. ictalurigrown under iron-limited conditions upregulates an outer membrane protein (HemR) that shows heme-hemoglobin transport activity and is tightly regulated by Fur.In vivostudies showed that anE. ictaluriΔfurmutant is attenuated and immune protective in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), triggering systemic immunity. We conclude that anE. ictaluriΔfurmutant could be an effective component of an immersion-oral vaccine for the catfish industry.

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Bharathkumar, Goondi, and Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham. "Oxytetracycline resistant bacteria in Clarias gariepinus and Clarias batrachus larvae and the environment." Journal of Fisheries 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v3i1.2015.48.

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Antibiotics and several other chemicals are used in catfish aquaculture as a remedy for various diseases. Reports on the distribution of different groups of bacteria especially the antibiotic resistant bacteria in catfish nursery system are scanty. The present study quantified motile aeromonads, pseudomonads and antibiotic (oxytetracycline) resistant bacteria in Clarias gariepinus and C. batrachus larvae and the rearing water from five catfish nurseries of West Bengal, India between March 2007 and July 2007. The C. gariepinus and C. batrachus larvae recorded mean counts of log 7.26±0.18/g and log 6.24±0.64/g, log 6.37±0.41/g and log 4.93±0.51/g, log 5.46±0.22/g and log 4.38±0.53/g and, log 6.27±0.64/g and log 5.57±0.12/g, respectively for total viable bacteria (TVCs), motile aeromonads (MACs), presumptive pseudomonads (PPCs) and oxytetracycline resistant bacteria (ARBCs). The levels of TVCs, MACs, PPCs and ARBCs were significantly high in C. gariepinus than in C. batrachus larvae. The rearing water recorded comparatively low bacterial counts than in larvae. The difference between the TVCs of larvae and larval rearing water of C. gariepinus was statistically significant, where as it was insignificant for C. batrachus. The mean proportion of motile aeromonads of C. gariepinus larvae and rearing water was about 4-5 fold higher than in C. batrachus. The catfish nurseries recorded high prevalence of oxytetracycline resistant bacteria ranging from 3.58-35.71% in larval rearing water and 2.05-37.89% in larvae.

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Dirisu, Chimezie G., R. Eresia-Eke, W. Braide, C. J. Ogugbue, N. Umesi, and A. Tubookoseimie. "Bacteriological Investigation of Diseased Catfish from Fish Ponds and Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern." Food Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 7, no. 4 (2017): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2160-1933/cgp/v07i04/31-48.

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Laith, A. A., A. G. Mazlan, M. A. Ambak, A. Jabar, and M. Najiah. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF Elizabethkingia meningoseptica FROM DISEASED AFRICAN CATFISH Clarias gariepinus." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 6, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 1070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2017.6.4.1070-1076.

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Xia, Lu, Dongmei Xiong, Zemao Gu, Zhen Xu, Changfu Chen, Jun Xie, and Pao Xu. "Recovery of Acinetobacter baumannii from diseased channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in China." Aquaculture 284, no. 1-4 (November 2008): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.07.038.

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Hoa, Tran Thi Tuyet, Annette Simone Boerlage, Tran Thi My Duyen, Dang Thuy Mai Thy, Nguyen Thi Thu Hang, Roger W. Humphry, and Nguyen Thanh Phuong. "Nursing stages of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Vietnam: Pathogens, diseases and husbandry practices." Aquaculture 533 (February 2021): 736114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736114.

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Meinertz, Jeffery R., Guy R. Stehly, and William H. Gingerich. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Oxytetracycline in Edible Fish Fillets from Six Species of Fish." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 4 (July 1, 1998): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.4.702.

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Abstract The approved use of oxytetracycline (OTC) in U.S. aquaculture is limited to specific diseases in salmonids and channel catfish. OTC may also be effective in controlling diseases in other fish species important to public aquaculture, but before approved use of OTC can be augmented, an analytical method for determining OTC in fillet tissue from multiple species of fish will be required to support residue depletion studies. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatographic (LC) method that is accurate, precise, and sensitive for OTC in edible fillets from multiple species of fish. Homogenized fillet tissues from walleye, Atlantic salmon, striped bass, white sturgeon, rainbow trout, and channel catfish were fortified with OTC at nominal concentrations of 10, 20, 100,1000, and 5000 ng/g. In tissues fortified with OTC at 100,1000, and 5000 ng/g, mean recoveries ranged from 83 to 90%, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 0.9 to 5.8%. In all other tissues, mean recoveries ranged from 59 to 98%, and RSDs ranged from 3.3 to 20%. Method quantitation limits ranged from 6 to 22 ng/g for the 6 species. The LC parameters produced easily in teg ratable OTC peaks without coelution of endogenous compounds. The method is accurate, precise, and sensitive for OTC in fillet tissue from 6 species of fish from 5 phylogenetically diverse groups.

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Cruz, Sabrina Spindler da, Mateus Evangelista Leal, Pablo César Lehmann Albornoz, and Uwe Horst Schulz. "First record of the exotic channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque 1818) (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) in the Rio dos Sinos basin, RS, Brazil." Biota Neotropica 12, no. 3 (September 2012): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032012000300005.

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The introduction of non-native species in inland waters is one of the main threats for aquatic biodiversity. Introduced species may compete for resources, prey on native fauna, spread diseases and parasites. The channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Siluriformes, Ictaluridae) was first described by Rafinesque 1818 in the United States and is widely distributed in North America, south Canada and north-east Mexico. This species adapts easily to new environmental conditions, is tolerant to different habitats, and is grown easily in aquaculture, which turns it into a potential invader of natural aquatic environments. The introduction of I. punctatus occurs in Brazil since 1980, and this is the first record of its occurrence in the Rio dos Sinos basin, Brazil. A female adult catfish was captured during a survey in the main channel of the Rio dos Sinos (29º 44' 14.04" S and 51º 05' 11.08" W). Most probably the captured individual is an escapee from nearby aquaculture facilities.

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Khulbe, R. D., G. S. Bisht, and Chandra Joshi. "Epizootic infection due toAchlya debaryanain a catfish." Mycoses 37, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1994.tb00288.x.

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Pramono, Heru, Dwi Yuli Pujiastuti, Sofi Maulana, and Abdul Azis. "PENDEKATAN PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI LELE PADA KELOMPOK PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN SURYA PERKASA DESA GENDONGKULON, BABAT, LAMONGAN MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI PROBIOTIK DAN TEKNOLOGI PASCAPANEN." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 2, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v2i1.2018.45-51.

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Food production through the cultivation industry is one of the promising options because it is able to support the nutritional needs of the community, especially in terms of the adequacy of animal protein. One promising aquaculture product is catfish culture (Clarias batracus) because catfish are known to be able to grow in relatively unfavorable water conditions, have relatively short growth times (2–3 months). Nonetheless, the emergence of diseases that cause mass death and decreased cultivator income have become the main problems lately. Therefore, the purpose of community service is to overcome mass death in order to increase catfish production and diversify post-harvest fish processing to increase community income. The approach includes isolation and characterization of bacteria that cause mass death, bacterial resistance to antibiotics, indigenous probiotic production, and training in making catfish. The results of the dedication showed that there were bacteria that were resistant to antibiotics from isolation from catfish that experienced disease during July to October. In addition, efforts have been made to produce indigenous probiotics from the catfish digestive tract that survive mass death, and training in processing catfish snacks on site. A good response is shown in processing training and it is hoped that in the future these two efforts will be able to increase the economic independenceof the community.AbstrakProduksi pangan melalui industri budidaya merupakan salah satu opsi menjanjikan karena mampu mendukung kebutuhan gizi masyarakat, terutama dari segi kecukupan protein hewani. Salah satu produk budidaya yang menjanjikan adalah budidaya ikan lele (Clarias batracus) karena ikan lele dikenal mampu tumbuh dalam kondisi air yang relatif kurang baik, memiliki waktu pertumbuhan relatif pendek (2-3 bulan). Meskipun demikian munculnya penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian massal serta penghasilan pembudidaya yang menurunmenjadi permasalahan utama belakangan ini. Oleh karena itu, tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah upaya mengatasi kematian massal guna meningkatkan produksi lele serta diversifi kasi olahan ikan pasca panen untuk meningkatkan penghasilan masyarakat. Pendekatan yang dilakukan meliputi isolasi dan karakteristik bakteri penyebab kematian massal, resistansi bakteri terhadap antibiotik, produksi probiotik indigenous, serta pelatihan pembuatan olahan lele. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bakteri yang tahan terhadap antibiotik hasil isolasi dari lele yang mengalami penyakit selama bulan Juli sampai Oktober. Selain itu juga telah dilakukan upaya produksi probiotik indigenous dari saluran pencernaan lele yang bertahan hidup dari kematian massal, dan pelatihan pengolahan snack berbahan ikan lele di lokasi. Respons yang baik ditunjukkan pada pelatihan pengolahan serta diharapkan ke depan kedua upaya ini mampu meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi masyarakat.

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Kurniawan, Ronal, Henny Syawal, and Irwan Effendi. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SUPLEMEN HERBAL PADA PAKAN TERHADAP DIFERENSIASI LEUKOSIT IKAN DAN SINTASAN IKAN PATIN (Pangasionodon hypopthalmus)." Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jari.v8i2.12761.

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The use of herbal supplements is an alternative to increase food security, because it can stimulate fish appetite and increase fish immunity against disease. The aims of this research to know the total leukocytes, leukocyte differentiation and survival rate of striped catfish fed with dosage fermented herbal supplements, and to obtain the best dosage. The implementation of research was from June until August 2019 at the Parasites and Fish Diseases Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Riau University. The method used is a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and three replications, namely P0 (without the addition of herbal supplements), P1 (herbal supplement dose 100 mL / kg of feed), P2 (200 mL / kg of feed), and P3 (300 mL / kg of feed). Maintenance of fish is carried out for 60 days, with a stocking density of 50 fish / m. The results showed that the herbal supplementation at a dose of 200 mL / kg of feed (P2) was the optimal dosage in stimulating total leukocytes and differentiation of catfish leukocytes. P2 treatment resulted in total leukocytes of 11.26 x 104 cells/mm3, further differentiation of leukocytes such as lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and platelets of 81.67%, 6.33%, 5.67% and 6.33%. In addition it produces a survival rate of 100%. Key words : Fermented herbal supplement, striped catfish, total leukocytes

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Oh, Woo Taek, Jin Woo Jun, Sib Sankar Giri, Saekil Yun, Hyoun Joong Kim, Sang Guen Kim, Sang Wha Kim, Se Jin Han, Jun Kwon, and Se Chang Park. "Isolation of Chryseobacterium siluri sp. nov., from liver of diseased catfish (Silurus asotus)." Heliyon 6, no. 2 (February 2020): e03454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03454.

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43

Obiekezie, A. I., H. MOer, and K. Anders. "Diseases of the African estuarine catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede) from the Cross River estuary, Nigeria." Journal of Fish Biology 32, no. 2 (February 1988): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05354.x.

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Sarkar, M. J. A., and M. M. Rashid. "Pathogenicity of the bacterial isolate Aeromonas hydrophila to catfishes, carps and perch." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 10, no. 1 (October 8, 2012): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12108.

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Pathogenicity of a bacterial isolate Aeromonas hydrophila recovered from naturally diseased shing fish was investigated against catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus), carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and perch (Anabas testudineus) of average body weight of 20.4 g for H. fossilis, 25.6 g for C. Batrachus, 35.2 g for L. rohita, 25.7 g for C. catla, 30.5 g for C. cirrhosus and 20.3 g for A. testudineus. Two different doses viz. 6.7 × 106 and 6.7 × 105 CFU/fish were injected intramuscularly. Pathogenicity of A. hydrophila was confirmed at water temperature of 30°C by mortality of 60% to 100% of all the tested fishes within 2-11 days. Injected A. hydrophila was re-isolated from liver, kidney and intestine of all the tested fishes. The highest bacterial loads in catfishes were found to be 5.5 × 108 CFU/g in the liver of H. fossilis and 5.6 × 107 CFU/g in the intestine of C. batrachus. The lowest bacterial loads were found to be 2.2 × 102 CFU/g in the kidney of H. fossilis and 2.4 × 103 CFU/g in the liver of C. batrachus. The highest bacterial loads in carps were found to be 4.9 × 109 CFU/g in the liver of C. catla, 7.7 × 108 CFU/g in the intestine of L. rohita and 5.8 × 108 CFU/g in the intestine of C. cirrhosus. The lowest bacterial loads were found to be 2.7 × 104 CFU/g in the kidney of C. catla, 3.0 ×104 CFU/g in the kidney of L rohita and 5.6 × 103 CFU/g in the kidney of C. cirrhosus. The highest and lowest bacterial load in perch was found to be 6.4 × 10' CFU/g and 1.6 × 102 CFU/g in the intestine and kidney of A. testudineus respectively. In all the cases of intramuscular injection, external pathology was found. Reddish anal region and fm bases were observed. It was understood that the isolate was a highly virulent pathogen for the challenged fishes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12108 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 157161, 2012

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45

Tungkup, Mariana Lumban, Henni Syawal, and Morina Riauwaty. "Description of Erythrocytes of Striped Catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) Infected by Edwardsiella tarda Treated with Mango Leaf (Mangifera indica)." Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 26, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.26.1.62-69.

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This research has been carried out from November to December 2019 at the Laboratory of Parasites and Fish Diseases at the Fisheries and Marine Faculty of Riau University. The aim of the study was to obtain the best dose of mango leaf solution for the treatment of striped catfish (P. hypophthalmus) infected with E. tarda, seen from the erythrocyte picture. The method used was an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of a factor of five treatment levels and replications three times. Test fish used were striped catfish measuring 8-12 cm, with a total of 150 fish. The treatments used for treatment were 1000 ppm, 1200 ppm, 1400 ppm, negative controls (not infected and not treated), and positive controls (infected and not treated). Parameters measured and observed among others; total erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values, erythrocyte cell morphology and survival rate. The results showed that apple mango leaf solution (M. indica) was able to treat conjoined striped catfish infected with E. tarda by Emmersion method. The best treatment of 1200 ppm is characterized by an average total erythrocyte, mean total erythrocytes 149.33 x 104 cells / mm3, hemoglobin level 9.03 g / dL, hematocrit value 35.67% and the survival of the test fish after treatment is 86.67%. The results of water quality measurements during the study, namely temperature 27.00-27.46 0C, pH 6.1-6.77, dissolved oxygen 3.53-3.87 mg/L, and ammonia 0.02 mg/L.

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Broderick, A., S. Perlman, and F. Dietz. "PSEUDOMONAS BURSITIS: INOCULATION FROM A CATFISH." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 4, no. 6 (November 1985): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198511000-00022.

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47

Bader, Joel A., Craig A. Shoemaker, Phillip H. Klesius, Michael A. Connolly, and James M. Barbaree. "Genomic Subtyping ofEdwardsiella ictaluriIsolated from Diseased Channel Catfish by Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 10, no. 1 (March 1998): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0022:gsoeii>2.0.co;2.

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48

Mr, S. S. Abd El-Salam, M. F. Ghaly Mr, D. M. Baraka Mr, S. H. Mahmoud Mr, and A. A. El-Makhzangy Mr. "Histopathological changes in diseased and treated catfish (Clarias gariepinus) by ciprofloxacin and clove oil." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 32, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2018.153788.

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salam, soheir, Mahmoud Ghaly, Dina Baraka, Shahira mahmoud, and Abeer ElMakhzangy. "Histopathological Changes in Diseased Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Treated by Ciprofloxacin and Clove Extract." EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Zoology) 3, no. 2 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/egysebz.20170915064526.

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50

Shetty, M., B. Maiti, M. N. Venugopal, I. Karunasagar, and I. Karunasagar. "First isolation and characterization of Edwardsiella tarda from diseased striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage)." Journal of Fish Diseases 37, no. 3 (December 17, 2013): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12039.

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