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Broach, Jason Scott Phelps Ronald Paul. "Effects of steroid and prostaglandin injections on hybridization success between female channel catfish and male blue catfish." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1843.
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Lawonyawut, Khamchai. "Hybridization and genetic manipulation in Clarias catfish." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21426.
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The big-oui hybrid catfish (female C. macrocephalus x male C. gariepinus) was successfully achieved using artificial hybridization. This hybrid combines the superior taste of the C. macrocephalus with the faster growth rate and higher resistance to environmental conditions of the C. gariepinus and is now the biggest fresh-water aquaculture product in Thailand. In this thesis the results of experiments involving hybridization and genetic manipulation were used to investigate the nature of the hybridization event. This information was used to develop broodstock for Clarias catfish breeding programme. Allozyme studies resolved 18 protein loci encoding different enzyme systems in C. batrachus, C. macrocephalus, C. gariepinus and the big-oui hybrid. GPI-2*, MDH-2* and LDH-l* show clearly variation between the hybrid and the parental species and were used for species diagnostic loci. Comparisons of fertilisation and survival of the big-oui hybrid, reciprocal cross hybrid, F2 hybrid, back cross hybrid and their parental species were carried out. The only cross involving the F 1 big-oui hybrid still gave viable embryos and fry was between female F 1 hybrid and male C. gariepinus. The F2 hybrid never developed to hatch. Karyotyping studies showed a modal chromosome number of 2n=54 in C. macrocephalus; 2n=56 in C. gariepinus; 2n=55 in the big-oui hybrid, the reciprocal hybrid and the back cross hybrid. Using male C. gariepinus from two other stocks ('Malawee' and 'Wageningen') were carried out to produce the big-oui hybrid. Cold shock at 2°C administered for 15 mins duration and 4 mins after fertilisation was the most effective in inducing 100% triploidy in big-oui hybrid while heat and pressure shock were less effective. Growth performance of diploid and triploid hybrids was not significantly different. The triploid hybrid were shown to be functionally and endocrinologically sterile. Gynogenetic diploids were produced by fertilizing C. macrocephalus eggs with C. gariepinus sperm that had been genetically inactivated with ultraviolet (UV) light, and then cold shocking the eggs after fertilisation. The UV dose of 200 Il W cm -2 for 2 mins using a sperm concentration of 2.5 x 108 mrl was optimal in genetically inactivating sperm without seriously compromising motility. Cold shock at 2°C, started at 4 mins after fertilisation and 15 mins duration gave the maximum number of meiotic gynogenetic offspring. The parental contribution in the gynogenetic offspring was check by using the species diagnostic allozyme loci and showed no evidence of male contribution. Gynogenetic offspring were grown on to investigate the sex ratio. All gynogenetic offspring were female suggesting female homogamety in this species. The possible implications of the above results of hybridization and genetic manipulation studies in Clarias catfish culture are discussed.
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De, Villiers Pierre. "The ecology and culture of the rock catlet Chiloglanis pretoriae (Pisces : mochokidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005111.
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Chiloglanis pretoriae is a rock catlet, indigenous to southern Africa. The aim of the study was to develop a technique to culture C. pretoriae as an alternative to harvesting and selling wild caught fish on the international aquarium trade. As nothing was known about the culture of African rock catlets an investigation into the biology and ecology of the species was necessary to develop the culture protocol. Chiloglanis pretoriae inhabits fast flowing rapids (current speeds over 0.6 metres per second). It is a serial interstitial gravel spawner, that spawns during the summer months. Chiloglanis pretoriae is a carnivorous fish species, feeding on aquatic insects. The natural growth rate is relatively fast in the first two years where after it levels off. Sexual maturity (50%) is attained within the first year (44mm total length). From the four cell stage, embryos took seven days to hatch, 16 days to first feeding and 75 days to reach the juvenile phase. The free embryos were well developed and readily accepted artificial feed at first feeding. The fish spawned readily, without hormone induction, in a continuous raceway. Spawning in the 801 retangular glass aquaria was irregular. The substrate within the raceway consisted of gravel and large rocks. The current was maintained at 0.6m/sec, temperature at 26± 0.6⁰C, dissolved oxygen concentrations at 7.1± 0.3mg/l, pH at 6.9± 0.2 and photoperiod at 16L:8D. Conductivity was monitored and remained within the acceptable range of C. pretoriae (84± 10uS/m).
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Fagbenro, Oyedapo Adewale. "Studies on the use of fermented fish silage in diets for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1924.
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Fermented silage was prepared from a mixture of minced tiiapias (Oreochromis spp. ), different carbohydrate substrates (molasses, corn flour, tapioca flour) and Lactobacillus plantarum as inoculum, incubated anaerobically for 30 days at 5°-35°C. The pH and protein solubilization were temperature-dependent, and the source of carbohydrate substrate did not affect non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content or proximate composition of tilapla silage. During storage at 30°C for 180 days, NPN content increased and there was 8-11% loss of tryptophan. Moist diets containing tilapla silage (stored up to 60 days) were fed to Clarias gariepinus and differences in growth and protein utilization were demonstrated, but there were no effects on body composition. Partial replacement of fish meal with co-dried tilapla silage and soybean flour blend (FSS: BF) in dry diets supported growth and protein utilization similar to the control treatment. Fish growth and protein utilization were reduced with total replacement of fish meal. Apparent protein digestibility decreased with Increasing dietary level of co-dried FSS: BF. Carcass composition was not affected and morphological defects were not observed. Co-dried tilapla silage blended with soybean meal, poultry by-product meal, hydrolysed feather meal or meat and bone meal (FSS: BM, FSP: BM, FSH: FM, FSM: BM) (providing 50% of the dietary protein) In dry diets fed to Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus gave differences In growth, protein utilization and digestibility, and apparent energy digestibility. Carcass composition was not affected by silage blend and histological examination of exocrine pancreas, liver and Intestine tissues did not show any lesions suggestive of nutritional imbalance. Haematocrit, haemoglobin content and mean cell haemoglobin concentration values showed no differences among the treatments. The results indicated that fermented tilapla silage is a suitable protein supplement in moist or dry diets for Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus, without affecting feed efficiency, fish growth or health.
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Jacob, Annie Philip. "Ecological effects of chemicals used in pond culture of catfish and percid fishes." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211989438.
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Mthombeni, Vusi Gedla. "The biology of austroglanis gilli and austroglanis barnardi (siluriformes : austroglanididae) in the Olifants River system, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015222.
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Austroglanis gilli and A. barnardi are endemic to the Clanwilliam-Olifants System in the Western Cape, South Africa. The populations of each of these species are considered to be threatened by various anthropogenic activities, which include inappropriate agricultural practice and impacts of alien invasive fish species. The purpose of this thesis was to assess the life-history of these two endangered species in order to contribute to understanding their biology. Such information is vital for the development of strategies for their conservation. Marginal zone and marginal increment analyses from sectioned lapilliar otoliths of both A. gilli and A. barnardi showed a unimodal peak, suggesting a single annulus formation. The oldest specimens of A. gilli and A. barnardi were 12+ and 14+ years, respectively. The growth of A. gilli and A. barnardi was relatively slow and was best described by the von Bertalanffy growth curve as: L, = 131.56(1 - exp(- 0.27(t - 1.18 ))) for male and L, = 113.86(1 - exp(- 0.43(1- 0.74))) for female A. gilli from the Rondegat River. In the Noordhoeks River, growth was L, = 99.67(1 - exp(- 0.53(t - 0.35))) for male and L, = 96.60(1 - exp(- 0.64(t - 0.11 ))) for female A. gilli, and L, =71.02(1-exp(-0.26(1-3.07))) and L, = 69.50(1-exp(-0.36(1 - 1.88))) for male and female A. barnardi, respectively. The average natural mortality for the combined sexes was estimated using catch curve analysis at 0.37 ± 0.12 per year for A. gilli from the Rondegat River, and at 0.71 ± 0.05 and 0.39 ± 0.04 per year for A. gilli and A. barnardi from the Noordhoeks River, respectively. For A. gilli in the Rondegat River, the first maturity was estimated at 3.3 years (97.3 mm SL) for males and 3.1 years (94.3 mm SL) for females. In the Noordhoeks River, the first maturity for A. gilli was estimated at 2.0 years (71.9 mm SL) for males and 1.7 (66.4 mm SL) for females, and for A. barnardi at 2.0 (55.0 nun SL) for males and 2.9 years (58.9 mm SL) for females. Maturity corresponded closely to the asymptotic sizes from the von Bertalanffy curves, suggesting a shift in energy use from somatic growth to gonad development. Macroscopic assessment of the state of gonads, the Ganado-somatic index and histological examinations revealed that both A. gilli and A. barnardi have a single spawning season. The presence of oocytes in different stages of development in each of the ovaries of mature females collected between November and January suggested asynchronous, iteroperous serial spawning. The resorption of yolk was observed from ovaries collected between February and March and no vitellogenic oocyte was visible from ovaries collected between April and August. A similar trend was observed for males, with spermatozoa filling the lumen between November and January and some residual spermatozoa being present in the lumens soon after the breeding season. Spermatocytes and spermatids were dominant in the testes until October. An Index of Relative Importance revealed that A. gilli feeds predominantly on the benthic macroinvertebrate larvae of Ephemeroptera (particularly Baetidae), Diptera (particularly Chironomidae and Simuliidae) and Trichoptera. Austroglanis barnardi feeds predominantly on dipteran larvae (particularly Chironornidae and Simuliidae). Chi square contingency tables showed a significant difference in the dominant prey items of A. gilli and A. barnardi in the Noordhoeks River (X₂= 53.79, d.f. = 4, p > 0.001) and A. gilli between Rondegat and Noordhoeks rivers (x₂ = 34.74, d.f. = 4, p > 0.001). The Spearman's rank correlation test showed no shifts in the diet of A. barnardi from Noordhoeks River and A. gilli from Rondegat River with a change in size and season (p>O.OS). However, there was a shift in the diet of A. gilli from the Noordhoeks River which could suggest a distinct patchiness of benthic macroinvertebrates between the riffle feeding areas used by juveniles and other biotopes used by adults. The occurrence, in stomach contents, of other prey items from a wide variety of taxa and the presence of allochthonous material from the terrestrial environment could suggest an opportunistic feeding guild for both Austroglanis species. The life-history traits of A. gilli and A. barnardi, which are charaterized by slow growth, long life span and low relative fecundity, indicate that both species are relatively precocial and K-selected. The population of a precocial species is relatively stable and if population numbers were to be greatly reduced, they would require a long time to rebuild. An urgent conservation intervention is therefore recommended for Austroglanis spp. so as to maintain the diversity of populations within these species. The creation of protected river reserves and raising public conservation awareness may minimise activities that result in altered river hydrology and the destruction of complex benthic habitats.
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Sirimanapong, Wanna. "Characterisation of the immune response of the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage) following immunomodulation and challenge with bacteria pathogens." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19277.
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In Southeast Asia, the family Pangasiidae is important for commercial fisheries and aquaculture. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (striped catfish) is the most economically important species farmed in Vietnam, with a total export value of 1.7 billion USD in 2012. Intensive aquaculture can lead to problems with major outbreaks of disease and Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila represent two important bacterial pathogens in P. hypophthalmus aquaculture. Immunostimulants have proven to be a very useful food additive for the aquaculture industry, since they can be easily fed to fish to enhance their immune response at times of stress and to improve resistance to disease. The immune system of pangasius catfish has not been fully described, despite the recent growth in aquaculture for this species, and little is known about the effects of immunostimulants on disease resistance. Understanding the immune response is very important in order to evaluate the health status of the fish and assist in control of disease (including prevention) so that production levels by the aquaculture industry can be sustained. The aims of this thesis were to develop and standardise methods to elucidate and measure immune responses in P. hypophthalmus and then to use these with relevant disease models (A. hydrophila and E. ictaluri) and immunomodulators (β-glucans from different sources and at different doses) to determine if bacterial diseases can be controlled, and which functional immune responses and immune genes could be correlated with disease resistance. As a variety of different species from family Pangasiidae are economically important for aquaculture, initial work focused on the characterisation of the immunoglobulin IgM molecule in these species, and anti-P. hypophthalmus IgM mAbs were tested to determine if they cross-reacted between different Pangasiidae species (Chapter 2). Although affinity purification of IgM from the different fish species resulted in a purer preparation ammonium sulphate precipitation (14% w/w), the latter proved faster and easier to perform. The heavy (H) and light (L) chains of IgM from P. hypophthalmus were estimated to be 70-72 kDa and 25-26 kDa, respectively, using SDS-PAGE (12.5%). The L chains of IgM in the other Asian fish species examined were similar in molecular weight to P. hypophthalmus, while the H chains varied (P. gigas and P. larnaudii 76kDa, P. sanitwongsei 69kDa, H. filamentus 73kDa, P. borcoti and H. wyckioides 75kDa, C. bactracus 74kDa, C. macrocephalus 73kDa and C. carpio 70kDa), as did the native IgM molecules. Sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation was used to determine the molecular weight of the whole IgM molecule from P. hypophthalmus as an alternative to the more commonly used native gels that are run under non-denaturing conditions, although this technique proved more complex. Anti–P. hypophthalmus IgM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cross reacted with all of the Pangasiidae species and were successfully applied in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using mAb 23 to measure serum antibody response of P. hypoophthalmus following experimental infection with A. hydrophila by interperitoneal (I.P.) injection in Chapter 3 and E. ictaluri by immersion in Chapter 4. As P. hypophthalmus is a relatively new aquaculture species, there are few reports evaluating its immune response to pathogens. Thus, functional assays were standardised to evaluate both innate and adaptive immune responses of this species and then these assays used to compare immune response following stimulation with live and killed A. hydrophila. (Chapter3). Four treatment groups of 40 fish per group (53.2 ± 14.8g.) consisting of an untreated control group, a group injected I.P. with adjuvant (Montanide ISA 760 VG) only, a group injected with heat-killed A. hydrophila (1 x109 cfu ml-1 mixed with adjuvant), and a group injected with a subclinical dose of live A. hydrophila 2.7 x105 cfu ml-1 were used in the study. Samples were collected 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post injection (d.p.i.) to assess the immune response of fish. The results indicated that challenge with live or/and dead bacteria stimulated the immune response in P. hypophthalmus significantly above control groups with respect to specific antibody titre, lysozyme activity, phagocytosis and plasma peroxidase at 7 or/and 14 d.p.i. Moreover, on 21 d.p.i. total IgM, specific antibody titre and lysozyme activity from both live and dead A. hydrophila challenge groups were significantly different to the control groups. Differential immune responses between live and dead bacterial challenges were also observed as only live A. hydrophila significantly stimulated WBC counts and plasma peroxidase at 3 d.p.i. with the greatest increase in WBC counts noted at 21 d.p.i. and in phagocytosis at 14 d.p.i. By 21 d.p.i. only the macrophages from fish challenged with dead A. hydrophila showed significantly stimulated respiratory burst activity. Immunostimulants are food additives used by the aquaculture industry to enhance the immune response, and β-glucan is now commonly used for this purpose in aquaculture. In Chapter 4 the effect of the prebiotic β-glucan on the immune response and disease resistance of P. hypophthalmus was evaluated. The fish (60.3 ± 11.7 g.) were fed with a basal diet (control) or diets supplemented with fungal derived β-glucan at concentrations of 0.05 %, 0.1 %, or 0.2 % g/kg for four weeks. Fish fed 0.1 % commercial yeast derived β-glucan were also included as a positive control group. Samples were collected from fish on Days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The results showed that fish fed with the highest two levels of fungal derived β-glucan had enhanced immune responses compared to the control group, with respiratory burst activity on all days examined and lysozyme activity on 7 days post feeding (d.p.f.) being significantly elevated (P<0.05) in the group fed with 0.2 % fungal derived β-glucan, while plasma anti-protease activity on 21 d.p.f., natural antibody titre on 3 d.p.f. and complement activity 7 d.p.f. and 14 d.p.i. were significantly enhanced (P<0.05) in the group fed 0.1 % fungal derived β-glucan. The lowest dose of fungal derived β-glucan (0.05 %) appeared insufficient to effectively stimulate the fish’s immune response. WBC count, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity and complement were useful as an early indication of immunostimulation (1 to 7 days). Four weeks after feeding with the different diets, the fish were experimentally infected with E. ictaluri by immersion using 8 x104 cfu ml-1 for 1 h and mortalities were monitored for 14 days. There was a great deal of variation in the level of mortalities within the four replicate tanks for each dietary group. Although the in vivo challenge results showed no statistical differences between the groups fed on the different diets, the highest mortalities were observed in group fed with the control diet and the lowest mortalities were observed in the groups fed with commercial yeast derived β-glucan and 0.2 % fungal derived β glucan. Immune gene expression following stimulation with β-glucan and challenge with E. ictaluri was investigated in Chapter 5.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Phuoc. "Enviromental factors affecting the pathogenesis of Edwardsiella ictaluri in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20644.
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Bacillary Necrosis of Pangasius (BNP) caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri is considered to be the most serious disease occurring in farmed striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Vietnam. This disease has had an increasing impact over the last ten years and has been reported to cause 50-90% mortality of stocks during a single outbreak. Data obtained from natural outbreaks of E. ictaluri in striped catfish showed the role of environmental factors in the establishment and progression of this disease. At present, factors affecting the virulence and transmission of E. ictaluri in striped catfish are poorly understood. The central hypothesis of this thesis focuses on the complex picture of the environmental factors and infectivity of E. ictaluri in striped catfish. In this study, 80 isolates of E. ictaluri recovered from natural clinical disease outbreaks occurring in striped catfish farms between 2002 and 2011 located in 4 distinct geographical areas within Vietnam were characterised using a variety of methods. The biochemical profiles showed that E. ictaluri isolates from striped catfish in Vietnam have similar phenotypic characteristics to other E. ictaluri isolates from other infected fish species. These data showed high levels of phenotypic homogeneity between the E. ictaluri isolates investigated. The status of isolates recovered from natural infections over time and from geographically distinct farms was evaluated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid profile identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The PFGE results showed 6 main groups with a similarity of 82% and the corresponding genotypes of the prevalent isolates illustrated annual differences. Three plasmid groups were identified distributed among the isolates investigated, in which high molecular weight plasmids of approximately 35 and 140 kb were found in two of the groups. Plasmid profiles of the present study did not show any trend of geographical region or year of isolation. The 140 kb plasmid has been considered as a multi-antibiotic resistance plasmid which confers resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim and sulphonamides. All Vietnamese isolates showed a high level of resistance to Oxolinic acid, Sulfadimethoxine/Ormetoprim (Romet), Oxytetracycline and Amoxicillin. A reproducible bacterial immersion challenge model was developed and the LD60 estimated prior to performing subsequent experimental challenge studies. Fish were exposed to 107 cfu ml-1 of E. ictaluri by immersion for up to 30 seconds, resulting in a cumulative percentage mortality of 63%. Edwardsiella ictaluri was recovered and identified from all the dead and moribund fish during these experiments and affected fish showed similar clinical signs and pathology to those reported from natural E. ictaluri infections. The present study resulted in a successful experimental immersion challenge model for E. ictaluri infection in healthy striped catfish. Cohabitation challenges were also developed and produced 15-40% mortality, typical clinical signs and pathology, and successful recovery of the challenge organism demonstrating horizontal transmission of E. ictaluri in striped catfish. Experimental studies were then conducted to investigate the association between pH or salinity of water and susceptibility to E. ictaluri infection in striped catfish. The first experiments were performed in in vitro conditions in which E. ictaluri isolates were cultured in a variety of pH and salt concentrations. In vivo experiments were then designed where striped catfish were exposed to 107 cfu ml-1 of E. ictaluri for 30 seconds and then held at 4 different water pHs (5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) or NaCl concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%). The results of in vitro experiments showed that a pH value between 5.5 to 6.5 and salt concentration between 0-0.5% were optimal for the growth of E. ictaluri. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the cumulative mortality of striped catfish in water at pH 5 and pH 6 was significantly higher than that of fish maintained in more alkaline water (p<0.05). By contrast, the cumulative mortality of the striped catfish maintained in 0.5% salt concentration was significantly lower than those kept in 0%, 1% and 1.5% salt concentration (p<0.05). Clinical signs, lesions and histopathological changes in the affected fish were consistent with those reported in natural infections. This study highlighted the use of pH 8.5 and salinity of 0.5% NaCl as a means of decreasing the susceptibility of striped catfish to E. ictaluri. In conclusion, this study used a variety of methods in order to enhance the understanding of the biochemical, biophysical characteristics, plasmid profile and antibiotic resistance as well as the relatedness of E. ictaluri isolates recovered from farmed striped catfish in Vietnam. This study provided two reliable and reproducible bacterial challenge models (immersion and cohabitation) and emphasised the link between pH and salinity with the infectivity and pathogenicity of E. ictaluri in striped catfish.
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Franceschini, Lidiane. "Biodiversidade de parasitas de peixes da família Loricariidae (Teleostei Siluriformes) procedentes do rio Sapucaí-Mirim, Brasil /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138055.
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Orientador: Reinaldo José da Silva<br>Resumo: Peixes da família Loricariidae (Siluriformes) apresentam grande plasticidade fenotípicaintraespecífica durante toda sua ontogenia. O conhecimento limitado sobre os aspectosbiológicos, padrões biogeográficos e elevada variabilidade morfológica destes peixesdificultam estudos sobre a biodiversidade acerca deste grupo, incluindo estudos sobre afauna parasitária. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar levantamento dabiodiversidade de parasitas de peixes da família Loricariidae em áreas sob a influência daconstrução de Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas (PCHs) no rio Sapucaí-Mirim, Estado deSão Paulo, Brasil. Ademais, avaliar a estrutura das comunidades parasitárias doshospedeiros analisados (ao nível de infracomunidade e comunidade componente) epossíveis mudanças na abundância das infracomunidades baseadas em variáveisexplanatórias (espaciais, temporais e fatores intrínsecos ao hospedeiro). Para tanto, duranteos anos de 2012 e 2013 foram realizadas duas amostragens anuais (período seco/chuvoso),em oito áreas amostrais situadas nos reservatórios de três PCHs: Palmeiras, Anhanguera eRetiro. Foram necropsiados 334 loricarídeos pertencentes a 10 espécies: Loricaria prolixa,Hypostomus margaritifer, Hypostomus heraldoi, Hypostomus strigaticeps, Hypostomusregani, Hypostomus ancistroides, Hypostomus cf. margaritifer, Hypostomus topavae,Hypostomus aff. topavae, além de uma espécie não identificada pertencente ao gêneroHypostomus. Foram encontrados 29 ta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Loricariid fishes (Siluriformes) presents great intraspecific phenotypic plasticity throughouttheir ontogeny. The limited knowledge about the biological aspects, biogeographic patternsof distribution and high morphological variability of these fishes make the studies onbiodiversity of this group difficult, including that about parasites. Therefore, the aim of thisstudy was to survey the biodiversity of parasites of Loricariidae fishes from an area underthe influence of the construction of Small Hydro Power Plants (SHPPs) in the Sapucaí-Mirim River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Moreover, the study evaluated the structure ofparasitic communities of these hosts (at both the component community andinfracommunity levels), assessing the possible variation in infracommunity abundanceamong sites and fish species based on explanatory variables (spatial, temporal, and hosttraits). During 2012 and 2013, two annual samples (dry/rainy seasons) were carried out, ineight sampling sites situated in the reservoirs of three SHPPs: Palmeiras, Anhanguera, andRetiro. Specimens of Loricaria prolixa, Hypostomus regani, Hypostomus ancistroides,Hypostomus strigaticeps, Hypostomus heraldoi, Hypostomus margaritifer, Hypostomus cf.margaritifer; Hypostomus topavae; Hypostomus aff. topavae and Hypostomus sp., wereanalyzed, totaling 334 fishes. Twenty-nine taxa were found, totaling 15,957 parasitespecimens, and Monogena was the dominant group, which showed the greatest richness ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Fortune, Shelby E. "Evaluation of automated, manual and constant aeration practices in managing of dissolved oxygen for channel catfish farming in earthen ponds." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07182008-143119.
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Jiang, Mingkang Wang Yifen. "Development of smoked and gelatin-based products from catfish." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1849.
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Triyono, Sugeng. "Continuous simulation of groundwater use and effluent discharge in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ponds at five locations in the Southeast U.S." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05292007-185838.
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Willenberg, Zachary J. "Selected population characteristics of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, in the lower 200 miles of the Wabash River." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191726.
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This study describes the population characteristics of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) in the lower 200 miles of the Wabash River in 1998. Densities of channel and flathead catfish did not differ over the study reach for either species. Electrofishing captured twice as many channel as flathead catfish, and hoop nets captured twice as many flatheads as channel catfish. Growth rates of channel catfish were fast as compared to documented growth in other rivers in the United States, with ages ranging from 1-8. Flathead catfish growth was average when compared to that reported in other United States rivers with ages ranging from 0-7. Length-frequency analysis for both species revealed the populations were comprised of small individuals with mortality higher than expected in older fish. This study will aid in the management of the Wabash River, as historic data are limited.<br>Department of Biology
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Luu, Truc T. T. "Investigation into jaundice in farmed catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/13060.
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Disease outbreaks continue to be a major problem in the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Clinical outbreaks can negatively impact on the welfare of the fish and the economic gain derived from this industry. Jaundice observed as a yellow colouration in the abdominal skin, sclera of the eyes and fin bases is a significant health problem affecting the Vietnamese freshwater catfish industry. This study was designed to investigate jaundice of farmed catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus using several complementary approaches. These included clinical investigations and identification of potential aetiological agents as well as epidemiological analyses to identify farm-based risk factors for this economically devastating condition occurring in the catfish farms of the Mekong Delta. The results of this survey demonstrated that the jaundice was not linked to a single geographical location as affected fish were found widely distributed throughout the five main production areas. Nor was any association found between any weight groupings, feed type or feeding regime applied in the affected farms. The highest prevalence occurred between June to October and fish mortalities ranged from 1 to 10% in the study sites. The duration of this condition was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) to mortality but not to total farm area, depth of pond, stocking density, or amount of water exchanged. The number of fish ponds affected was not as high in the large-scale farms compared to the small-scale farms. The results from the clinical description study showed that the affected fish were suffering a form of jaundice or icterus. Histological examination revealed a number of serious pathologies in the affected fish. Spleenomegaly was associated with the loss of cell structure and connective tissue and the haematopoietic tissue had large areas of necrosis. In the liver, histological changes consisted of vasculitis and multifocal to diffuse hepatocellular necrosis. The presence of haemosiderin was observed in melano-macrophage centres in the spleen and kidney of jaundiced fish. No single pathogen was identified in the jaundiced fish. Myxosporean infection was found in both apparently normal fish and jaundiced fish. However, there was a definite tendency for jaundiced fish to be more heavily infected. Histopathological examination found several changes that could not be ascribed to specific aetiological factors and presume that both groups (jaundiced alone and myxosporean-affected jaundiced fish) have similar lesions. The results of this study would suggest that the parasite identified as M. pangasii was not a primary pathogen associated with the haemolytic jaundice. Neither were the gills myxosporeans associated with the haemolytic jaundice and they may be considered more as a nuisance rather than as primary pathogens in farmed P. hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Univariate analysis of the whole dataset showed several variables were significantly associated with the haemolytic jaundice. However, none of the variables achieved lasting statistical relevance in multivariable models. In conclusion, this study identified a haemolytic jaundice condition affecting farmed P. hypophthalmus in Vietnam, but no single aetiological agent or farm based risk factor was identified with this condition. Several priority areas for further work were identified and include a prospective, longitudinal cohort study to identify further the risk factors associated with the clinical jaundice condition.
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Mpofu, Christopher. "Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in fish samples from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006707.
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This thesis presents an evaluation of the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) method referred to as the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method for the determination of four organochlorine pesticide residues in fish samples. The pesticides investigated in this study were o, p′-DDT, p, p′-DDE, aldrin and dieldrin. The combined use of Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) and sensitive Time of Flight (TOF) mass detector facilitated the identification of the target analytes. In the absence of certified reference material, the overall analytical procedure was validated by systematic recovery experiments on spiked samples at three levels of 2, 5 and 10 ng/g. The targeted compounds were successfully extracted and their recovery ranged from 76 to 96% with relative standard deviations of less than 13%. The optimum QuEChERS conditions were 2g of fish powder, 10 ml acetonitrile and 1 min shaking time. The optimal conditions were applied to assess the levels of chlorinated pesticides in blunt-tooth catfish (Clarias ngamensis), tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus), Oreochromis andersonii and red-breasted tilapia (Tilapia rendalli) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Dieldrin, p, p′-DDE and aldrin were detected in all the analysed samples with a concentration range of 0.04 – 0.29, 0.07 – 0.33, 0.04 – 0.28 and 0.03 – 0.24 ng/g per dry weight in O. andersonii, C. ngamensis, T. rendalli and H. vittatus respectively. These concentrations were below the US-EPA 0.1 μg/g allowable limit in edible fish and the Australian Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 50 - 1000 ng/g in fresh fish. DDT was not detected in all the fish species investigated. The mean lipid content recorded in the fish samples were 1.24, 2.16, 2.18 and 4.21% for H. vittatus, T. rendalli, O. andersonni and C. ngamensis respectively. No systematic trend was observed between fish age and pesticide levels in fish. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity assays were performed to assess the effects of organochlorine pesticides in Clarias ngamensis. The enzyme activity recorded in Clarias ngamensis from the Okavango Delta and the reference site was 12.31 μmol of acetylcholine iodide hydrolysed/min/g brain tissue. The enzyme activity remained the same indicating no enzyme inhibition. The conclusions drawn from this study are that the QuEChERS method is applicable for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in fish matrices. The fish from the Okavango Delta are safe for human consumption.
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Haylor, Graham S. "The culture of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in Africa, with particular reference to controlled hatchery production." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3267.
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A rationale is presented for a primary nursing strategy and an on-growing strategy for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) culture in Africa, thus providing a potential model for the development of culture technology for the species. Existing information pertaining to the production strategies identified is reviewed, highlighting the attributes of African catfish for aquaculture. Some of the current deficiencies and inconsistencies in available information pertaining to controlled hatchery production are addressed. The early developmental stages of Clarias gariepinus are defined, in order to promote consistent use of terminology and help farmers better address the changing needs of their developing stock. The pattern of growth and survival of larvae and fry is investigated at higher stocking densities than those used experimentally to provide a database for planning full-scale commercial operations. Tank design and water flow rates appropriate for Clarias gariepinus in hatcheries are investigated and recommendations made. Finally, in order to promote maximal growth rates of hatchery stocks the maximum daily feed intake of larvae in relation to different feeding regimes is estimated based on rates of gastric evacuation and return of appetite. An overview of the controlled hatchery production of Clarias gariepinus is presented.
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Aboagye, Daniel Larbi Daniels William H. "Evaluation of the commercially-available probiotic Lymnozyme as an effective control of bacterial infections in channel catfish." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Aboagye_Daniel_41.pdf.
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Leonard, David Michael DeVries Dennis R. Wright Russell A. "Investigating interactions between channel catfish and other sport fishes in Alabama's state public fishing lakes." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1595.
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Lückhoff, Paul Daniël. "Application of the condition factor in the production of African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1098.
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Mullins, Margy 1958, and Margy 1958 Mullins. "Effect of frozen storage on some biochemical, ultrastructural, and textural properties of tilapia (Tilapia aureus) and catfish (Ictalarus punctatus) muscle." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625875.
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Britz, P. J. (Peter Jacobus) 1959. "Environmental requirements for the hatchery rearing of African catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) larvae and juveniles." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001964.
Full textAbstract:
Inadequate seed production has historically been a factor limiting the commercial culture of Clarias gariepinus. The need to determine the environmental requirements of larvae was identified, in order to facilitate their successful mass rearing in hatcheries. The effects of key environmental factors on the growth, survival and aspects of the behaviour of C. gariepinus larvae and juveniles were investigated under controlled conditions. A strong emphasis was placed on the interpretation of the observed responses in terms of the natural history of the animal. Larvae were obtained by artificially inducing and spawning feral adult broodfish. Larval growth rates were highest in the temperature range 26-33ºC, with a peak at 30ºC. Survival of larvae was high between 22 and 33ºC. The final temperature preferendum of juveniles, determined in a thermal gradient was 30ºC, and it was concluded that this temperature is probably optimal for most of the physiological processes of the animal. Larvae and juveniles displayed strong negative phototaxis. When reared under different photoperiod regimes, larval growth increased with longer dark periods, however a similar rate of mortality was recorded in all photoperiod treatments. The provision of cover was found to enhance larval growth under conditions of continual light (24L/OD), however under conditions of continual darkness (OL/24D) similar growth rates were recorded regardless of the presence or absence of cover. All growth rates in continual darkness (OL/24D) were higher than those in continual light (24L/OD), regardless of whether cover was provided or not. It was concluded that a OL/24D photoperiod is optimal for larval rearing. At salinities between 0 and 5% similar growth and mortality rates of larvae were recorded. At 7.5 % larval growth and survival rates were lower, and at 10 % all larvae died within 48 hours. The 96h-LCSO for unionised ammonia was found to be 2.3 mg/l. The cytological effects of unionised ammonia were evident as degenerative changes in the gill and liver tissues. In an investigation of tank hygiene, it was found that larval growth and survival rates were highest in tanks not cleaned at all. As the frequency of tank cleaning increased, the growth and survival rates of larvae decreased. When reared at densities ranging from 45-450/1, larval growth was found to be density dependent. A model of hatchery productivity (number larvae of standard size produced/time/vol.) was developed based on the density dependent nature of larval growth. The model predicts that maximum productivity, will be achieved at a rearing density of 1400/1. The high growth and survival rates obtained over a broad range of each environmental parameter investigated serve to explain how larvae survive and grow in their unstable floodplain habitat in nature. The broad environmental tolerances of C. gariepinus are of benefit with respect to the culture of larvae, as successful larval rearing is possible over a fairly wide range of environmental conditions.
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Holley, Michael Paul Maceina Michael J. "An evaluation of the catfish fishery in Wilson Reservoir, Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/HOLLEY_MICHAEL_23.pdf.
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Griffin, Matt J. "Development and application of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the myxozoan parasite Henneguya ictaluri." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07102008-165508.
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Wudtisin, Idsariya. "Bottom soil quality in ponds for culture of catfish, freshwater prawn, and carp in Thailand." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/WUDTISIN_IDSARIYA_58.pdf.
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Eustis, Scott P. "Bycatch of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin inshore shrimp fishery and its effect on two sea catfish species: the gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus) and the hardhead catfish (Ariopsis felis)." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1419.
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In Lake Pontchartrain Basin, commercial fishing in estuarine habitats impacts many non-target species collected as bycatch. I investigated the bycatch assemblages collected by commercial vessels and compared these to assemblages collected by typical fishery-independent methods. I compared assemblages using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and determined important species by weight and abundance using similarity percentages analyses (SIMPER). I also examined differences in size-class distributions by gear type using density kernel plots and Mann-Whitney U tests. The two gear types collected significantly different assemblages (ANOSIM R = 0.522, p = 0.001) and gear type explained more composition differences than other factors such as month, daytime, or location. Fishery-independent gear underestimated the importance of many species. Although fishery-independent data are invaluable for monitoring assemblage dynamics, fishery-independent gear collects different assemblages than commercial gear. Larger fishes of important species were caught less often in bycatch, but completely absent from fishery-independent gear.
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Dickinson, Benjamin David. "Characterizing a Hidden Fishery: Setline Fishing in the New River, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24765.
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Catfishes Ictaluridae are important food fish that are harvested from the New River, Virginia by multiple methods, yet standard creel survey approaches do not accurately sample setline effort, a popular fishing gear for catfish. I characterized the New River setline fishery by estimating setline effort and catch rates of catfish and by-catch in 2011, and by investigating the attitudes and opinions of setline users during 2012. Setline effort was highest during June-August, and declined significantly by mid-September. Several dedicated setline users accounted for a significant portion of total setline effort. Experimental setlines baited with live minnows Cyprinidae proved to be an effective method for catching catfish but caught few walleye Sander vitreus, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, and muskellunge Esox masquinongy. Estimated by-catch of these species by setline fishers is small compared to catch by hook-and-line anglers, though walleye experienced high setline hooking mortality, and catch rates increased in autumn months. Setlines appear to be part of a larger "way of life" for some rural individuals, who may also hunt, trap, and garden as part of activities to supplement their diet or income. New River setline fishers strongly believe that setline fishing has declined significantly in the New River Valley due to improving socioeconomic status of the region, changing recreational values (such as focus on catch-and-release fishing and paddle sports), increasing recreational traffic and law enforcement presence, and decreasing participation in setline fishing by younger generation.<br>Master of Science
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Oliver, Devon C. "AN EVALUATION OF THE LOWER OHIO RIVER CHANNEL, BLUE, AND FLATHEAD CATFISH FISHERY." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1925.
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In 2015, Illinois changed size and harvest limits for catfishes (blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus) in the Ohio River to match those of neighboring states in order to provide continuity of the regulations and promote a trophy catfish fishery. Regulations imposed a daily limit of one blue catfish or flathead catfish ≥ 35 inches (88.9 cm) and one channel catfish ≥ 28 inches (71.1 cm) per fisher and a 13 inch (33.0 cm) minimum length limit for all species with no bag limit. Although management regulations were implemented, potential efficacy of the implemented regulations and appropriate (i.e. most precise or accurate with fewest samples) monitoring protocols were unknown. Furthermore, there was general lack of understanding of early life movements, natal dispersal timing and principal recruitment sources that aide in determining appropriate spatial scale for monitoring and managing lower Ohio River catfish stocks.To fill these knowledge gaps the following methods were employed: 1) simulation modeling was used to evaluate precision in estimating catch and size distribution metrics for monitoring population trends with increasing sample size (i.e., sampling events), 2) N-mixture modeling was used to estimate size selectivity of multiple gears using detection probability as a robust alternative to size-specific catchability coefficients, 3) otolith microchemistry (Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca) was employed to determine principal recruitment sources, early life movement patterns, and provide fisheries managers with a better understanding of the spatial extent to which management actions should be implemented, 4) Bayesian modeling was used to estimate growth and mortality, 5) Yield-per-recruit modeling was used to estimate and evaluate fishing mortality rates that would result in growth overfishing (FMAX) and yield at FMAX (YPRMAX) for three management scenarios (no regulation, minimum length limit [33.0 cm or greater] and a permissive slot limit [33.0 cm – 88.9 cm; blue catfish and flathead catfish]). The simulation models presented account for the uncertainty associated with heterogeneous selectivity of a gear, and minimize the impact of rare or extreme catch values. Trotlines and low pulse (15-pps) electrofishing generally required the fewer samples to achieve stable values of catch per unit of effort (CPUE), proportional size distribution (quality; PSDQ), and coefficient of variation (CV) than other gears based on simulation modeling. Abundance and detection probabilities were estimated separately for each species of catfish by length category within and across gears, producing a species-gear-size correction for catch bias used in estimating Proportional Size Distribution - Quality (PSDQ). Corrected (i.e., accounting for detection) PSDQ values were lower than uncorrected estimates suggesting a positive bias for larger fish across the entire sampling regime. Managers should use a combination of low pulse electrofishing, trotlines, and high pulse (60-pps) electrofishing in their monitoring efforts for all three species. Based on microchemistry, ictalurid catfishes in the lower Ohio River appear to recruit from multiple sources and make movements across a broad geographic scale. Additionally, some catfish may be originating from outside the portion of the Ohio River that is managed by Illinois (lower 214 km). Fisheries managers should take this into account when implementing management actions. However, most ictalurid catfishes originated from riverine (e.g., Ohio and Mississippi River) natal environments and not from smaller tributaries, and managers should not expect tributaries to compensate for weak year-classes within the river. Based on yield per recruit modeling, catfish stocks are unlikely to benefit from current regulations or a theoretical minimum size limit given the near complete overlap of YPRMAX confidence intervals for all estimable scenarios and the small statistical difference (1 – 3%) based on FMAX between the most permissive and most restrictive scenarios. While statistical differences in FMAX exist, they are likely biologically irrelevant, exceeding the precision of estimation methods for F. While there is some indication that alignment and continuity of management regulations is warranted based on microchemistry, the efficacy of the current permissive slot regulations is questionable based on the models presented and the life history of these fishes. There is no advantage to implementing any of the modeled regulations in terms of increasing FMAX or YPRMAX.
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Soto, Esteban. "Genetic and virulence diversity of Flavobacterium columnare." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05292007-091752.
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Saalfeld, David Thomas Bayne David Roberge. "Variables influencing fish impingement at five Alabama Power steam plants." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/SAALFELD_DAVID_51.pdf.
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Ali, Md Zulfikar. "Dietary protein and energy interactions in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/64.
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In order to investigate the interactions of dietary protein and energy and their utilisation by African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (12.43 ± 0.05 g), a series of four nutritional experiments (triplicate groups of 20 fish per 30-L tank at 28 ± 1°C, for 8 weeks) were carried out using fish meal based diets. Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) and optimum lipid to carbohydrate ratio (L/CHO ratio) were investigated. Based on optimised dietary P/E ratio and L/CHO ratio, optimum feeding regime and compensatory growth were also investigated in this species. In the experiments to optimise P/E ratio and L/CHO ratio fish were offered each diet at 5% of their body weight per day adjusted fortnightly. In the optimum feeding regime experiments, fish were offered each diet to appetite or to a restricted level. The restricted regimes were achieved by offering fish decreasing fixed feeding rates with increasing dietary protein level. Studies on compensatory growth were conducted in two phases each of 4 weeks. In the first phase, triplicate groups of 30 fish and in the second phase triplicate groups of 20 fish (per 30-L tank) were offered the diet in six mixed feeding schedules at two feeding regimes i.e. appetite and restricted. The restricted regime was achieved by offering fish 1% (maintenance ration) of their body weight per day adjusted after fortnightly weighing. Optimum dietary P/E and L/CHO ratios were 20.54-mg protein/kJ of GE and 0.40 g/g respectively, with a crude protein level over 40% and gross energy of more than 20 kJ/g GE. The results of investigating feeding regimes suggest that dietary protein level could be reduced from over 40% to 35% by feeding to appetite based on the above optimised dietary P/E and L/CHO ratios. Addition of dietary energy as lipid at varying protein levels resulted in increased growth, protein and energy utilisation in C. gariepinus. Based on optimised dietary P/E ratio, dietary carbohydrate levels were increased (with concomitant reduction in dietary lipid levels) resulting in a trend towards higher growth performance, protein and energy utilisation. Protein and energy utilisation did not vary (P > 0.05) with feeding regime or dietary protein level. C. gariepinus showed partial compensatory growth under alternating periods of feeding a restricted (maintenance requirements) and appetite ration and also showed higher feed, protein, lipid and energy utilisation efficiencies in comparison to appetite feeding.Increase in dietary lipid produced an increment in carcass lipid deposition, both in whole body and liver in all studies. Fish in all treatments did not show significant differences (P < 0.05) in body protein content. Optimum P/E ratio studies, with varying dietary protein and energy level, produced higher liver glycogen, plasma glucose and plasma triglycerides at higher dietary carbohydrate level with lower protein diets. In the studies to optimise lipid to CHO ratio comparatively lower (P < 0.05) plasma glucose and plasma cholesterol deposition were observed while no consistent trends were found in liver glycogen deposition in fish fed higher dietary lipid with concomitant lower CHO levels. Studies on optimising feeding regime, with varying protein levels, did not show any significant differences (P < 0.05) in liver glycogen, plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol in response to dietary treatment. In all studies fish fed the experimental diets showed insignificant differences (P > 0.05) in plasma amino acid levels and digestive enzyme activities (protease and lipase) while intestinal a-amylase activity increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate level. Histological examination of intestine & liver in all studies showed no abnormalities. In conclusion, these studies suggest that manipulation and optimisation of dietary protein and energy intakes plays a very significant role in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus nutrition.
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Luckhoff, Paul Daniel. "Application of the condition factor in the production of African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3421.
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Thesis (MPhil (Animal Sciences. Aquaculture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the commercial culture of African
Sharptooth Catfish. Its robust characteristics and its air breathing capabilities makes the
African catfish a good candidate for culture in intensive recirculating systems. In light of
the size variation in offspring spawned from undomesticated fish, that may eventually
increase cannibalism, suitable methods for the quantification of some production
performance parameters such as growth and health measurements need to be established for
application in intensive catfish culture. In fish the condition factor (CF) reflects information
on the physiological state of the fish in relation to its welfare. This factor is expressed as
Fulton’s condition index, or the K-factor.
African Sharptooth Catfish fry with average weight of 1.9g ± 0.7867 and average length of
59.375mm ±8.812 were equally allocated into ten 1000L-recirculating tanks. The fish were
fed a commercial feed to apparent saturation at a frequency of 5 times per day. Sixteen fish
were sampled out of each treatment. Weight (g) and length (mm) of each fish were recorded
every seven days over a trial period of 175 days from which Fulton’s condition index K was
calculated. Results were analysed for significant differences using one-way ANOVA and
Tukey’s pair wise comparison test for the various parameters.
Growth parameters (a = -5.083, b = 3.004, R2 = 99.4%) derived from the logarithmic
relationship between body weight (W) and standard length (L) indicated an isometric
growth through the duration of the trail. No significant differences (P>0.05) in condition
factors between treatments were found at the beginning of the trail. Significant differences
(P<0.05) were found at the end of the trail for weight between ponds and condition factor
between treatments. No significant difference (P> 0.05) between length and treatments
were found at the end of the trial.
Mean condition factor was 0.856 ± 0.187. By using this information on condition factor for
African catfish a K-factor calculation chart for African catfish could be calculated, to be
used as a practical measurement tool to measure performance goals on catfish farms.
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Templeton, Christopher Michael. "Disruption of embryonic development in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, using "sterile-feral" gene constructs." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/TEMPLETON_CHRISTOPHER_33.pdf.
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Jongrattananon, Saowalee. "STABILITY CATFISH METHYL ESTERS UNDER NORMAL VERSUS ACCELERATED STORAGE CONDITIONS." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10292008-214838/.
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Oxidative storage stability was conducted to determine the optimum antioxidant for the production of catfish methyl esters (CFME) for use as biodiesel. Peroxide value, anisidine value, 2-thiobarbituric reaction substances, acid value, iodine value, UV absorbance, and induction period were measured. Antioxidant, stability parameters changed over a storage time of one year when stored at 25°C. The CFME were not stable to oxidation without the addition of TBHQ. When stored at 25°C, oxidative parameters indicated that CFME was a stable product that met oxidative stability standards when TBHQ was added. When held at 80°C for 28 days, the samples with TBHQ were stable to oxidation. However, the acid value rose above the maximum at 28 days. Thus, CFME can be stable to oxidative breakdown when THBQ was added at 800 ppm, but when exposed to high temperatures, one will have to limit water or protect CFME against hydrolytic rancidity.
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Phonekhampheng, Oudom. "On-farm feed resources for catfish (Clarias gariepinus) production in Laos : evaluation of some local feed resources /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200889.pdf.
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Lewis, Philip Nigel. "The morphology and function of the peritoneum in lower vertebrates with special reference to teleosts." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391492.
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Chaimongkol, Atra Dunham Rex A. "Disruption of embryonic development in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and channel catfish, Istalurus punctatus, via knock down of BMP2 gene for repressible transgenic sterilization." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1594.
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Hedden, Skyler C. "Movement and consumptive demand of the introduced flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris in the upper Gila River basin, New Mexcio, and potential impacts on native fishes." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20492.
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Master of Science<br>Biology<br>Keith B. Gido<br>Negative interactions with nonnative fish are often cited as a leading cause of declining native fish populations, but quantifying these interactions is difficult. Movement ecology and consumptive demand estimates of nonnative fish predators is needed to better understand potential impacts these organisms are having on native species. The objective of this thesis were to estimate the consumptive demand of Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris on native fishes across an elevational gradient, and characterize the movement at hourly, daily, and seasonal scales of this introduced predator. This research was conducted in the upper Gila River basin of southwestern New Mexico. Bioenergetics modeling was used to estimate consumptive demand; model results were coupled with measured densities and size structure of Flathead Catfish populations, and water temperatures, to predict its predatory threat. Potential consumption was highest at lower elevation sites because of higher water temperatures, but actual consumption was highest at mid-elevation sites because of the prevalence of large-bodied individuals. Potential annual consumptive demand of Flathead Catfish on native fish across our nine sampling sites ranged from 0.0 to 3.1 g/m²/yr, which exceeded native fish productivity at one site. To characterize the movement of Flathead Catfish, we used radio telemetry and tracked individuals from May 2014 to June 2015. Movement behaviors varied among individuals with a majority moving <150 m from capture location and some more mobile, moving substantial distances (692-42,840 m). During the course of the study, activity was greatest in summer and fall, and individuals moving substantial distances moved downstream to warmer river reaches before the winter. Nightly movements only involved short distances (5 m) and no fish exceeded a single movement >80 m. Daily activity was greatest during evening but late afternoon activity was observed in summer and fall. Results from this study identify areas within the upper Gila River where introduced Flathead Catfish consumption is likely to negatively impact native fish populations and managers can use this information to understand potential overlap with native species, target future removal efforts in areas where these fish are concentrated, and avoid stocking native fishes in reaches where Flathead Catfish tend to aggregate.
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Ghahramani, Zachary. "Variation in sound production of the blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/139.
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The blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, is an invasive species introduced to Virginia in 1974 and is the largest catfish in the United States. Like other Ictalurids, they are capable of producing disturbance calls via stridulation of the pectoral spine. These sounds can be made in air and water, and catfish can be preyed upon by both aerial and underwater predators. I characterized these putative distress calls by recording them in air and in the fish’s natural habitat. Sounds exhibited a wide variation in acoustic parameters relative to fish ontogeny: larger fish produced higher amplitude sounds with lower frequency bands. Sweep and pulse duration increased with fish size, but pulse rate and the number of pulses per sweep decreased. Sounds were more robust in water with a 1400 fold increase in sound pressure compared to air. Frequency response was much more peaked underwater with a considerable amount of high frequency absorption. These sounds appear to be better adapted to water, suggesting that their use in air may be inconsequential.
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Baker, Remi Thomas Merrett. "The antioxidant role of α-tocopherol in the nutrition of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2669.
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The role of the lipid-soluble antioxidant α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the nutrition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell) has been investigated with respect to effects on growth, certain indices of health and prevention of tissue lipid peroxidation. Although juvenile C. gariepinus were not found to show an immediate dependency on vitamin E for growth, even during rapid growth stages, a minimum requirement of α-tocopherol based on the prevention of hepatic lipid peroxidation was established at 30-40 mg α-tocopherol per kg dry diet. This is in line with published values for numerous cultured fish species. Tissue α-tocopherol accretion was found to be dependent on dietary dose of the vitamin (supplied as all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) and, with the exception of blood-plasma, increased tissue tocopherol status resulted in increased stability against lipid peroxidation. Assessment of iron-ascorbate induced peroxidation (as TBARS) revealed that feeding catfish with diets containing a-tocopherol at several times the currently supplemented level, improved the stability of catfish muscle and this has fillet quality implications. Similarly, heightened fillet vitamin E content resulted in lower moisture exudation from previously frozen fillets, thus demonstrating the role of a-tocopherol in the maintenance of membrane integrity. Oxidation of dietary oils and elevated ingestion of iron were found to be antagonistic of tissue vitamin E concentration. Consumption of feed containing rancid oil had marked effects on tissue fatty acid composition and these effects were modulated by increased intake of α-tocopheryl acetate. In catfish fed diets containing similar amounts of ascorbate, a higher α-tocopherol supplement marginally improved ascorbate retention indicating a possible sparing of vitamin C by vitamin E. The present work will contribute significantly to the understanding of antioxidant nutrition in this poorly researched cultured species. Furthermore, these investigations have improved and strengthened the database of knowledge accumulated within the field of nutrition of finfish.
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Sands, David Dean. "The behavioural and evolutionary ecology of Corydoras adolfoi and Corydoras imitator : studies on two sympatric species of catfishes from a small tributary of the Upper Rio Negro, Brazil (Pisces, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240810.
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Kadye, Wilbert Takawira. "Assessing the impacts of invasive non-native African sharptooth catfish Clarias Gariepinus." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005070.
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Invasive species are of particular concern as they have the potential to alter community structure and food web relationships within their invaded habitats. African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus, a generalist predator, was introduced through an inter-basin water transfer scheme into the Great Fish and Sundays Rivers, Eastern Cape, South Africa, where it threatens the native riverine biota. This thesis assessed its impact from a trophic perspective. Patterns in catfish distribution and abundance revealed an upstream to downstream gradient that was associated with spatial distribution of most species within the mainstream, and a mainstream to tributary gradient that was associated with the spatial distribution of native minnows. The catfish was predicted to occur widely within the mainstem habitats and to decrease progressively along the mainstrem to tributary gradient with the physico-chemical environment being a good proxy for predicting both its occurrence and abundance. The results suggest the catfish proliferated within mainstem habitats where invasion resistance was possibly reduced due to alteration of flow. Population dynamics and size structuring of two native cyprinid minnows Pseudobarbus afer and Barbus anoplus, threatened by catfish, were examined within uninvaded headwater streams in relation to their proximate physical habitats. Their habitats were characterised by seasonal variation in physico-chemical conditions and a spatial variation in substrata compositions. No evidence of differences was found between seasons for density and capture probability for either species. The population size and density for P. afer was found to increase with increasing proportion of boulders. In comparison, B. anoplus population size and probability of capture increased with increasing proportion of bedrock and bank vegetation, respectively. Size structuring was explained predominantly by seasonality and habitat variables for P. afer and B. anoplus, respectively. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were used to compare the spatial variation in both the community-wide and catfish-specific niches and to estimate catfish prey sources from different habitats within the invaded systems. Aquatic community and catfish niches were statistically different among localities, suggesting that each locality had a distinct community-wide trophic structure. Dispersion metrics indicated no evidence of differences in the clustering among individuals, but provided evidence of differences in path trajectories for the comparisons of catfish populations that suggested dietary plasticity within different localities. Dietary studies revealed both ontogenetic shift and omnivory that suggested that catfish may exhibit less pronounced top-down effects within its invaded habitats. Manipulative experiments were used to test the response of benthic macroinvertebrates within two rivers that were differentially impacted by catfish as a presstype disturbance. Macroinvertebrates were non-responsive to catfish presence within a system where catfish had previously been established. In contrast, excluding catfish in this system indicated a response that suggested the importance of refuge within invaded habitats and the possible recovery pattern of certain macroinvertebrate taxa. By comparison, introduction of catfish within previously uninvaded localities provided evidence of direct catfish impact through elimination of conspicuous taxa. Acoustic telemetry was used to investigate catfish movement patterns within an invaded lentic habitat and provided evidence that habitat utilisation was non-random. The shallow and structured river mouth habitat, which was most utilised, was probably the most ideal for its breeding and feeding. This inferred potential overlap with native species and suggested the risk of predation and competitive interference. Catfish also exhibited both nocturnal and diurnal activity patterns that were probably related to feeding.
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Huynh, Mai Thi Xuan. "Factors affecting the decision process of catfish consumers : an empirical study in the two biggest cities in Vietnam /." Tromsø : Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Universitetet i Tromsø, 2007. http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/1002/3/thesis.pdf.
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Ramos, Anderson Daniel. "Caracterização bioquímica e biológica de toxinas presentes na peçonha e no muco do bagre Cathorops spixii." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-22122009-104551/.
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Dos peixes peçonhentos encontrados no Brasil os bagres destacam-se pelo número de acidentes provocados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os componentes tóxicos presentes na peçonha e no muco. Obtivemos uma média protéica de 3,1 mg/mL (peçonha) e 1,4 mg/mL (muco). O perfil eletroforético da peçonha e do muco possui poucas bandas protéicas. O fracionamento isolou 11 frações para peçonha e 13 frações para o muco. Com relação às atividades biológicas avaliadas, as frações peptídicas induziram danos teciduais ao passo que as frações protéicas induziram processo inflamatório. Isolamos duas frações com atividade antimicrobiana para cada secreção. Isolamos uma toxina de 65,1 kDa que apresenta homologia com Wap65 e análise por microscopia intravital revelou que esta proteína causa aumento dos leucócitos rolantes assim como a presença de leucócitos aderidos ao endotélio. Nossos resultados indicam uma diferença entre os componentes protéicos e peptídicos do muco e da peçonha. Finalmente, conseguimos isolar e caracterizar a proteína Wap65 da peçonha deste peixe.<br>Of the venomous fish found in Brazil, catfish noteworthy for the number of accidents they cause. The objective of this study was to characterize the toxic compounds present in the venom and mucus. We obtained an average protein intake of 3,1 mg / mL (venom) and 1,4 mg / mL (mucus). The electrophoretic profile of venom and mucus has a few protein bands. Fractionation isolated 11 fractions to the venom and 13 fractions to the mucus. With respect to biological activities evaluated, the peptide fractions induced tissue damage while the protein fractions induced inflammation. We isolated two fractions with antimicrobial activity for each sample. We isolated a toxin of 65,1 kDa which shows homology with Wap65 and intravital microscopy analysis revealed that this protein causes an increase in leukocyte rolling as well as the presence of leukocytes adhered to the endothelium. Our results indicate a difference between the peptide and protein components of mucus and venom. Finally, we isolate and characterize the protein Wap65 from the venom of this fish.
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Cavalet, Elenita. "Revisão anatômica e osteológica de Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner, 1877) (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae)." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3023.
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>Milton Valente<br>A família Loricariidae compreende o maior número de espécies descritas de cascudinhos com aproximadamente 872 espécies válidas, sendo a maior família da ictiofauna mundial. A subfamília Hypoptopomatinae composta por 20 gêneros e 136 espécies é reconhecida como monofilética. Entretanto, a monofilia do gênero Parotocinclus, (Lehmann, 2006) vem sendo contestada. Estudos filogenéticos afirmam que Parotocinclus
ocupa uma posição mais basal dentro tribo Otothyrini. Em uma hipótese mais recente da filogenia da subfamília, não foi encontrado suporte para apoiar o monofiletismo da tribo Otothyrini, e Parotocinclus foi reconhecido como um gênero agrupando um complexo de espécies altamente polifilético. Atualmente, Parotocinclus agrupa 28 espécies válidas.
Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner, 1877) (espécie tipo do gênero) é encontrada nos rios costeiros desde Santa Catarina até o Espírito Santo. Caracteriza-se pela presença de placas ósseas, cintura peitoral exposta suportando odontódeos, nadadeira adiposa presente e nadadeira dorsal e peitoral um pouco avermelhada. Apresenta dimorfismo sexual, machos com papila genital visível e uma projeção de pele na base do espinho na nadadeira pélvica. O esqueleto de P. maculicauda apresenta alto grau de fusão e redução de tamanho em muitas estruturas ósseas. A análise de caracteres externos e internos e, sua comparação entre as diferentes espécies de Loricariideos, assim como a configuração dos ossos e músculos associados à cintura peitoral e ao crânio, são considerados no levantamento de caracteres morfológicos informativos a diferentes níveis dentro da família Loricariidae.<br>The family Loricariidae comprises the largest number of described species of catfishes with approximately 872 valid species , the largest family of world fish fauna. The Hypoptopomatinae subfamily comprises 20 genera and 136 species are recognized as monophyletic . However , the monophyly of the genus Parotocinclus, is being challenged . Phylogenetic studies claim that Parotocinclus occupies a more basal position within Otothyrini tribe. In a more recent hypothesis of the phylogeny of the subfamily, was not found support for the monophyly of Otothyrini tribe and Parotocinclus was recognized as a genera gathering a complex of highly polyphyletic species. Currently , Parotocinclus joins 28 valid species. Parotocinclus maculicauda (type species of the genus) is found in coastal rivers from Santa Catarina to the Espirito Santo states . It is characterized by the
presence of bony plates, pectoral girdle exposed supporting odontodes , the presence
of adipose fin and dorsal and pectoral fins slightly reddish . Was sexually dimorphic, males with visible genital papilla, a projection of skin at the base of the spine in the pelvic fin. The skeleton of P. maculicauda presents a high degree of mergers and downsizing in many bony structures. The analysis of external and internal characters and their comparison between different loricaiid species, as well as the configuration of the bones and associated pectoral girdle and skull muscles, are considered in the survey of
morphological information at different levels within the family Loricariidae.m
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Morgan, Laura. "A Passive Acoustic and Experimental Study of Juvenile Blue Catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, Sound Production and Agnostic Behavior in the Tidal Freshwater James River." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3459.
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Blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, are an invasive species in the James River, VA. They produce stridulation sounds and passive acoustic monitoring may prove useful in locating and monitoring their populations. Little is known about their behavior, therefore my goal was to examine agonistic behavior and the use of sound in defending a territory. This thesis consists of two manuscripts: 1) A passive acoustic study of the tidal freshwater James River, 2) An experimental study of agonistic behavior in juvenile Blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus. The first study showed that three sounds (click, run croak) occurred more often in warmer months than cooler months. The second study showed that Blue catfish utilized a variety of agonistic behaviors in territory defense, with residency status and size having an effect on the type and number of displays used. Stridulation sounds were not present in territorial contests although Blue catfish produce stridulatory pulses when held.
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GOMIDES, Pedro Fellipe Vieira. "Densidade de estocagem do híbrido pintado amazônico (Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum fêmea x Leiarius marmoratus macho) em viveiros escavados." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/867.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-01<br>In order to determine the stocking density for hybrid amazon pintado
(Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum female x Leiarius marmoratus male) were distributed
in 12 ponds, 570 juveniles with initial average weight of 82 g. The ground ponds of
50 m2 has minimum and maximum depth of 0.9 and 1.3 m. Different stocking
densities were studied 0.5; 0.8; 1.1 e 1.4 fish/m2 during 270 days. The completely
randomized design with four treatments and three replicates, each pond was an
experimental unit, and the number of fish per pond varied according to treatments.
The variables studied were: water quality, productive performance, biometric
indices, glucose and economic evaluation. For statistical analysis, data were
subjected to analysis of variance with the statistical program SAS ® (2000), in case
of statistical difference was used the Tukey test (5%). Was performed polynomial
regression for the different densities. The greatest total weight and weight gain
was obtained for the lower density. There was a negative linear regression for
body weight, weight gain and feed intake with increasing density. Water quality
and physiological characteristics of the amazon pintado were not affected by
stocking density. It can be concluded, based on performance and economic
profitability , the best stocking density for hybrid Amazon pintado that was 0.8
fish/m2.<br>Com o objetivo de determinar a densidade de estocagem para o híbrido pintado
amazônico (Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum fêmea x Leiarius marmoratus macho)
foram distribuídos em 12 viveiros, 570 juvenis com peso médio inicial de 82 g. Os
viveiros escavados possuíam 50 m2 de lâmina d água e profundidade mínima e
máxima de 0,9 e 1,3 m. Foram estudadas diferentes densidades de estocagem;
0,5; 0,8; 1,1 e 1,4 peixes/ m2 durante 270 dias de engorda. O delineamento foi
inteiramente casualisado com quatro tratamentos e três repetições, sendo o
viveiro como unidade experimental e o número de peixes por viveiro variou de
acordo com os tratamentos. As variáveis estudadas foram de qualidade da água,
desempenho produtivo, índices biométricos, perfil glicêmico e avaliação
econômica. Para análise estatística, os dados foram submetidos à análise de
variância com o auxílio do programa estatístico SAS ® (2000), e, em caso de
diferença estatística foi aplicado o teste Tukey (5%). Para os diferentes níveis de
densidade foi realizada regressão polinomial. No período total o maior peso vivo e
ganho de peso foi obtido para a menor densidade. Houve regressão linear
negativa para peso vivo, ganho de peso e consumo de ração com o aumento da
densidade. A qualidade da água e as características fisiológicas do pintado
amazônico não foram influenciadas pela densidade de estocagem. Pode-se
concluir baseado na rentabilidade econômica e no desempenho do híbrido
pintado amazônica que a melhor densidade de estocagem foi de 0,8 peixes/m2.
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Filbrun, Jesse Everett. "An Ecological Approach to Feed Management in Fish Rearing Ponds." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366038927.
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Sant´anna, João Felipe Moutinho. "Variáveis reprodutivas do Surubim do Iguacu (Steindachneridion melanodermatum) e comparação do desenvolvimento do ontogenetico com o jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2009. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/945.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-02<br>Species of large size and commercial value are found in the basin of the Iguaçu, with the highlights, representatives of the order Siluriformes. The genus Steindachneridion
belongs to the order Siluriformes and has restricted distribution of some rivers basins of South America. The endemic Iguaçu’s surubim (Steindachneridion
melanodermatum) as well as other catfish, has characteristics that have attracted great interest for cultivation. Another representative of Siluriformes, with broad representation in the Iguaçu river, the jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), this species has
already successfully introduced in commercial farming. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive processes in the laboratory in order to define better
strategies for induced spawning, fertilization rate and embryo-larval development of Siluriformes. The experiment was conducted in fishponds Station studied ichthyology Plant Ney Braga, located in the reservoir of Salto Segredo, PR. In order to evaluate qualitative and quantitative characteristics of semen surubim, S. melanodermatum, used the eleven males weighing between 1.1 and 2.4 kg were subjected to treatment
hypophysation. The volume of semen collected from 0.4 to 2.5 mL. Sperm motility after collection has remained between 85 to 292 seconds when activated with water tank, and 66 and 268 seconds when activated with distilled water. For sperm concentration, we found values that ranged between 28 and 88 x106 sperm / mm ³. From 0 to 74 hours after fertilization, were performed on 37 samples every two hours for each species. Was observed organogenesis, hatching with closed mouth and anus, formation of the heart, eyes, fins and digestive tract. The larvae of S. melanodermatum and R. quelen have similar characteristics during development.<br>Espécies de grande porte e valor comercial são encontradas na bacia do Iguaçu, tendo como destaques, representantes da ordem Siluriforme. O gênero Steindachneridion pertence à ordem dos Siluriformes e possui distribuição restrita aos
rios de algumas bacias da América do Sul. O endêmico surubim do Iguaçu (Steindachneridion melanodermatum), assim como outros siluriformes, apresenta características que vêm despertando grande interesse para o cultivo. Outro
representante dos Siluriformes, com ampla representação no rio Iguaçu, é o jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), espécie esta já introduzida com sucesso na piscicultura comercial. O intuito deste trabalho foi de investigar os processos reprodutivos em laboratório a fim de definir melhores estratégias para reprodução induzida, taxa de fecundação, e desenvolvimento embrio-larval destes Siluriformes. O experimento foi realizado em viveiros de piscicultura da Estação de Estudos Ictiológicos da Usina Ney Braga, localizada na represa de Salto Segredo, PR. Com o objetivo de avaliar características qualitativas e quantitativas do sêmen de surubim, S. melanodermatum, utilizaram-se onze machos com peso entre 1,1 e 2,4 kg, submetidos ao tratamento de hipofisação. O volume de sêmen coletado variou de 0,4 a 2,5 mL. A motilidade dos
espermatozóides após a coleta manteve-se entre 85 a 292 segundos, quando ativados com água do tanque, e de 66 e 268 segundos, quando ativados com água destilada. Para a concentração espermática, foram encontrados valores que oscilaram entre 28 e 88 x106 espermatozóides/mm³. Entre 0 à 74 horas pós fertilização, foram realizadas 37 coletas à cada duas horas, para cada espécie. Foi observada a
organogênese, eclosão com boca e ânus fechados, formação do coração, olhos, nadadeiras e trato digestório. As larvas de S. melanodermatum e R. quelen possuem características similares durante o desenvolvimento.
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Sutili, Fernando Jonas. "O USO DO EUGENOL CONTRA Aeromonas hydrophila E SEU EFEITO SOBRE PARÂMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS E IMUNOLÓGICOS EM JUNDIÁS (Rhamdia quelen)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8990.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In aquaculture, eugenol have been used and recommended as anesthetics for several fish
species. Moreover, this product has attracted the attention of researchers because of its
chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as, its antimicrobial
potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of eugenol against the fish
pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila and eugenol s effect on hematological and natural immune
parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). In vitro, eugenol showed weak activity against
A. hydrophila, but in vivo, at a subinhibitory concentration (10 mg L-1), it promoted survival
in infected silver catfish. Eugenol (50 μg mL-1) reduced the hemolytic activity of A.
hydrophila supernatant in vitro in fish erythrocytes. Subjecting catfish to eugenol baths (5 and
10 mg L-1) for five days did not alter the hematological and immunological parameters
studied in this work. Based on these results, eugenol can be used to treat or prevent bacterial
diseases in fish.<br>Na aquicultura o eugenol tem sido utilizado e recomendado como anestésico para várias
espécies de peixes. Além disso, este produto tem atraído a atenção de pesquisadores devido a
suas propriedades quimiopreventivas, antiinflamatórias e antioxidantes, bem como, o seu
potencial antimicrobiano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade do eugenol contra o
patógeno de peixes Aeromonas hydrophila e seu efeito sobre parâmetros hematológicos e de
imunidade natural em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen). O eugenol mostrou fraca atividade contra A.
hydrophila in vitro, mas in vivo, a uma concentração subinibitória (10 mg/L) promoveu a
sobrevivência de jundiás infectados. In vitro o eugenol (50 μg/mL) reduziu a atividade
hemolítica do sobrenadante de A. hydrophila em eritrócitos de peixe. A exposição de jundiás
ao eugenol (5 e 10 mg/L) através de banhos durante cinco dias não alterou os parâmetros
hematológicos e imunológicos estudados neste trabalho. Com base nestes resultados, o
eugenol pode ser usado para tratar ou prevenir infecções bacterianas em peixes.
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Souza, Carine de Freitas. "JUNDIÁ: EFEITOS FISIOLÓGICOS DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Lippia alba ADICIONADO À RAÇÃO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5322.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) as a feed additive on ionoregulatory and metabolic parameters, and pituitary hormones expression in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen. Fish were fed for 20 days with different concentrations of EOLA (0.0 control, 0.25 and 0.50 mL kg-1 food). Plasma Na+, Cl- , K+ and cortisol, and metabolic parameters were not affected by the diet, with the exception of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), which was higher in the liver of fish fed 0.50 mL EOLA kg-1 food. Fish fed 0.25 mL EOLA kg-1 food presented higher Na+/K+-ATPase activity and somatolactin expression, but H+-ATPase activity and growth hormone and prolactin expression did not change. The EOLA can be used as a dietary supplement for silver catfish at the evaluated concentrations, but using 0.25 mL EOLA kg-1 food seems to be more suitable than 0.50 mL EOLA kg-1 food since the latter may be related to liver damage.<br>O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (EOLA) adicionado à ração de Rhamdia quelen (jundiá) em parâmetros metabólicos, osmorregulatórios e endócrinos. Os peixes foram alimentados por 20 dias com diferentes concentrações de OELA (0,00; 0,25 e 0,50 mL kg-1 ração). Os peixes foram alimentados durante 20 dias com diferentes concentrações de OELA (0,0 - controle, 0,25 e 0,50 mL kg-1 de ração). Parâmetros metabólicos, Na+, Cl-, K+ e cortisol no plasmas não foram afetados pela dieta, com a exceção de ALT (alanina aminotransferase), que foi maior no fígado dos peixes alimentados com 0,50 mL OELA kg -1 de ração. Os peixes alimentados com 0,25 mL EOLA kg-1 de ração, apresentaram maior atividade de Na+/K+-ATPase e da expressão da somatolactina, mas a atividade de H+-ATPase e da expressão do hormônio do crescimento e da prolactina não alterou-se. O OELA pode ser utilizado como um suplemento dietético para o jundiá nas concentrações testadas, mas 0,25 mL EOLA kg -1 de ração, parece ser melhor do que a concentração de 0,50 mL kg-1, uma vez que esta última pode estar relacionada com danos no fígado.