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1
Peatman, Eric James Liu Zhanjiang. "Genomic approaches to characterization of the innate immune response of catfish to bacterial infection." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2011-10-07/PEATMAN_ERIC_1.pdf.
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Hutson, Alison M. Dunham Rex A. "A QTL map for growth and morphometric traits using a channel catfish x blue catfish interspecific hybrid system." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1456.
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Marshall, Matthew David Maceina Michael J. "Assessment of electofishing bias, angler exploitation, and a creel survey, and flathead catfish population assessment in Lake Wilson, Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Marshall_Matthew_55.pdf.
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Ninwichian, Parichart Liu Zhanjiang. "Demonstration for integration of genetic linkage and physical maps of catfish using BAC-anchored microsatellites." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1618.
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Jiang, Mingkang Daniels William H. "Production comparison of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, blue catfish I. furcatus, and their hybrids in earthen ponds." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/JIANG_MINGKANG_29.pdf.
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Umali, G. Dunham Rex A. "The economic significance of aquatic biotechnology in the production of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) female X blue catfish (I. furcatus) male hybrid (CB Hybrid) embryos." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Dissertations/Umali_Gloria_23.pdf.
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Gima, Megan E. Dunham Rex A. "Realized heritability and response to selection for fecundity, hatching rate and fry/KG for channel catfish females (Ictalurus punctatus) induced to ovulate and fertilized with blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) males for the production of hybrid catfish embryos." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1461.
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Betancur-R, Ricardo Armbruster Jonathan W. "Systematics and evolutionary history of sea catfishes (Siluriformes Ariidae) /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1669.
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Hutson, Alison M. Dunham Rex A. "Evaluation of LHRHa implants and injections on the production of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) female x blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) male fry." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/HUTSON_ALISON_44.pdf.
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Broach, Jason Scott Phelps Ronald Paul. "Effects of steroid and prostaglandin injections on hybridization success between female channel catfish and male blue catfish." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1843.
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Kailola, Patricia J. "The catfish family Ariidae (Teleostei) in New Guinea and Australia : relationships, systematics and zoogeography /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk13.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Zoology, University of Adelaide, 1990.Typescript (Photocopy). Includes 3 published papers by the author in back of volume 2. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 510-541 of vol. 1).
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Rouhani, Q. A. "Digestible energy as a criterion for the development of diets for the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005103.
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Based on a number of attributes, the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus is an ideal aquaculture species. Much work has been undertaken on developing the technology for the commercial culture of the species inclusive of determining the nutritional requirements for cost effective feed formulation. However, digestible energy (DE) values for specific feed ingredients were unknown. As DE values are not interchangeable between species, this study set out to determine the DE values for conventional and unconventional feed-ingredients for the formulation of an optimal feed. The ultimate goal in feed formulation is to produce a diet that supports the maximum production at the least cost. The indirect method was found to be most suitable in obtaining DE values for the catfish. Feed samples were marked by adding 2% chromic oxide as an inert indicator. The fish were then force-fed and faecal samples were obtained from the hindgut by stripping the fish 10 hours after feeding as this was found to be when the hind-gut was at its fullest and the feed maximally digested. A linear based computer programme was used to formulate experimental diets using the established DE values as an additional variable. The formulated feed was tested and compared to a commercial catfish diet and a standard reference diet (H-440). All of the newly formulated feeds were found to be cheaper to manufacture (by between 5 and 10%). Statistically (ANOVA), all of the experimental diets resulted in higher specific growth rates (SGR) than the standard reference diet. The commercial diet also resulted in a lower SGR than those experimental diets with similar protein levels.
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Quintero, Herbert E. "Brood stock nutrition enhancement of egg quality for the production of hybrid catfish." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/QUINTERO_HERBERT_10.pdf.
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Ballenger, Joseph C. "Genetic effects on the production of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) female x blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) male hybrid fry /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Theses/BALLENGER_JOSEPH_51.pdf.
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Jiang, Mingkang Wang Yifen. "Development of smoked and gelatin-based products from catfish." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1849.
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Webb, Amanda Lynn. "Sound Production in Two Loricariid Catfishes." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1089.
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Many families of catfish produce sounds via pectoral spine stridulation and/or swim bladder compression using sonic muscles attached to the swim bladder. The sound production capabilities and characteristics in Loricariidae, the largest catfish family, have not been well examined. Sounds produced by two loricariid catfish species, Macrotocinclus affinis and Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps were recorded. Both species produce broad band calls via pectoral spine stridulation. These species produce sounds by rubbing the ridges of the dorsal process of the pectoral spine base against the groove of the pectoral girdle. Call duration was generally shorter in M. affinis (2-15 ms) as opposed to those produced by P. gibbiceps (20-200 ms). Mean dominant frequencies were approximately 4000 Hz for M. affinis and 1000 (abduction) and 4500 Hz (adduction) for P. gibbiceps. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the dorsal process of the pectoral spines from the largest and smallest M. affinis, and from a wide range of sizes from P. gibbiceps. Mean distances between dorsal process ridges of M. affinis and P. gibbicepswere approximately 50 and 160 microns, respectively. For P. gibbiceps, dominant frequency was an inverse function of total length and inter-ridge distance.
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Lawonyawut, Khamchai. "Hybridization and genetic manipulation in Clarias catfish." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21426.
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The big-oui hybrid catfish (female C. macrocephalus x male C. gariepinus) was successfully achieved using artificial hybridization. This hybrid combines the superior taste of the C. macrocephalus with the faster growth rate and higher resistance to environmental conditions of the C. gariepinus and is now the biggest fresh-water aquaculture product in Thailand. In this thesis the results of experiments involving hybridization and genetic manipulation were used to investigate the nature of the hybridization event. This information was used to develop broodstock for Clarias catfish breeding programme. Allozyme studies resolved 18 protein loci encoding different enzyme systems in C. batrachus, C. macrocephalus, C. gariepinus and the big-oui hybrid. GPI-2*, MDH-2* and LDH-l* show clearly variation between the hybrid and the parental species and were used for species diagnostic loci. Comparisons of fertilisation and survival of the big-oui hybrid, reciprocal cross hybrid, F2 hybrid, back cross hybrid and their parental species were carried out. The only cross involving the F 1 big-oui hybrid still gave viable embryos and fry was between female F 1 hybrid and male C. gariepinus. The F2 hybrid never developed to hatch. Karyotyping studies showed a modal chromosome number of 2n=54 in C. macrocephalus; 2n=56 in C. gariepinus; 2n=55 in the big-oui hybrid, the reciprocal hybrid and the back cross hybrid. Using male C. gariepinus from two other stocks ('Malawee' and 'Wageningen') were carried out to produce the big-oui hybrid. Cold shock at 2°C administered for 15 mins duration and 4 mins after fertilisation was the most effective in inducing 100% triploidy in big-oui hybrid while heat and pressure shock were less effective. Growth performance of diploid and triploid hybrids was not significantly different. The triploid hybrid were shown to be functionally and endocrinologically sterile. Gynogenetic diploids were produced by fertilizing C. macrocephalus eggs with C. gariepinus sperm that had been genetically inactivated with ultraviolet (UV) light, and then cold shocking the eggs after fertilisation. The UV dose of 200 Il W cm -2 for 2 mins using a sperm concentration of 2.5 x 108 mrl was optimal in genetically inactivating sperm without seriously compromising motility. Cold shock at 2°C, started at 4 mins after fertilisation and 15 mins duration gave the maximum number of meiotic gynogenetic offspring. The parental contribution in the gynogenetic offspring was check by using the species diagnostic allozyme loci and showed no evidence of male contribution. Gynogenetic offspring were grown on to investigate the sex ratio. All gynogenetic offspring were female suggesting female homogamety in this species. The possible implications of the above results of hybridization and genetic manipulation studies in Clarias catfish culture are discussed.
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Uys, Wynand. "Aspects of the nutritional physiology and dietary requirements of juvenile and adult sharptooth catfish, Clarias Gariepinus (Pisces : clariidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005068.
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Past and current research on the biology and culture of the sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) has stimulated the development of its commercial production. At the inception of this project in 1985, it was decided that the development of an optimal dry feed was the most important step in developing a more complete culture technology for the species. The objectives of the project were, therefore, to investigate aspects of the nutritional physiology and dietary requirements of the species to provide the necessary information for the formulation of optimum economical feeds. A review of the natural feeding biology of the species provided valuable information with regard to its food preferences. From this information, and by estimating the nutritional composition of its preferred natural diet, it could be concluded that the animal requires a relatively high dietary protein content. This conclusion was substantiated by studies of the functional morphology of the digestive system (gross and fine structure). The characteristics of the digestive system and external anatomy were found to be typical of an opportunistic, omnivorous predator. The ontogenetic development of the digestive system is relatively fast, and enables the utilization of a variety of diets efficiently from an early stage. Since the ability of an animal to digest a given substance is predominantly dependent on the presence of appropriate enzymes the quantification and characterization of C. gariepinus digestive enzyme activities were investigated on an experimental basis. This work revealed that the animal has relatively high levels of digestive enzyme activities, and that its proteolytic enzyme activities correspond with those of other carnivorous fishes, while its starch digesting abilities correspond with those of specialized herbivores. Also, the high levels of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase indicate an adaptation to detritivory, making this fish a truly opportunistic omnivore. Evidence was found to suggest that sharptooth catfish are able to re-absorb secreted digestive enzymes in the posterior section of its intestinal tract. It was shown that digestive enzyme activities were induced by food intake, and that no inherent rhythmicity in digestive activities seemed to occur. The development of digestive enzyme systems in the early life history of this animal was found to be also extremely rapid (complete within 10-16 days after hatching). It was also shown that artificial dry feed stimulates higher levels of digestive enzyme activities in larvae and juveniles than natural food. Although increased cellulase activity was found in larvae and juveniles that were fed on live zooplankton, the relative contribution of exogenous prey enzymes to protein digestion could not be ascertained. Specific nutritional requirements were investigated by means of feeding trials. The results of these trials confirmed the above indications regarding the dietary requirements of sharptooth catfish. It was concluded that for optimal growth and production performance, this animal requires a dietary protein content of 40-42%, a dietary lipid content of 10-12% and that diets should contain 14-16 kJ/g digestible energy. The optimum protein-to-energy ratio was found to be 26-29mg protein per kJ of digestible energy. Dietary requirements are evidently the same for juveniles and adults, except that younger fish require higher relative feeding levels. Finally, practical feed formulations were evaluated in terms of their economic feasibility. The results of these trials are presented along with recommendations on the formulation of commercial feeds for C. gariepinus. A computer program with which to implement least cost feed formulation by means of linear programming is provided.
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Barada, Tony J. "Catfish population dynamics in the Platte River, Nebraska /." Lincoln, Neb. : University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/epubs/U1500/B013-2009.pdf.
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Whitehead, Darryl L. "Variations in ampullary organ morphology and electroreception due to environmental characteristics in members of Siluriformes and Charcharhinidae /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16329.pdf.
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Maehata, Masayoshi. "Reproductive ecology of three Japanese silurid catfishes." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149568.
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Diffoot, Nanette. "Corydoras aeneus: a diploid-tetraploid fish species complex." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101468.
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Corydoras aeneus is an armoured catfish found in the upper amazon regions of South America. It is a member of the family Callichthyidae. Studies done with this species of fish showed that C. aeneus is a tetraploid with a chromosome number of 132 (Scheel et al. , 1972). Dunham et al. (1980) reported 120 chromosomes. The C. aeneus used in this study were bought from direct importers. We had four samples of fishes supposedly coming from Brazil (Belem), Guyana, Peru and Trinidad. During our initial studies in an attempt to karyotype aeneus we came across individuals with a highly reduced chromosome number. A diploid form of C. aeneus was discovered. Only those fishes from our Belem sample were diploid. A comparison of the diploid and tetraploid forms was done. Both forms were karyotyped, the tetraploid form of C. aeneus has 134 chromosomes and the diploid has 56. Physically both forms looked exactly the same. Morphometric as well as meristic data was collected from 131 fishes and analyzed by multivariate, discriminant and contingency chi- square analyses. The results obtained do not suggest any absolute morphological differences between the diploid and the tetraploid forms anymore than between tetraploids.M.S.
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De, Villiers Pierre. "The ecology and culture of the rock catlet Chiloglanis pretoriae (Pisces : mochokidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005111.
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Chiloglanis pretoriae is a rock catlet, indigenous to southern Africa. The aim of the study was to develop a technique to culture C. pretoriae as an alternative to harvesting and selling wild caught fish on the international aquarium trade. As nothing was known about the culture of African rock catlets an investigation into the biology and ecology of the species was necessary to develop the culture protocol. Chiloglanis pretoriae inhabits fast flowing rapids (current speeds over 0.6 metres per second). It is a serial interstitial gravel spawner, that spawns during the summer months. Chiloglanis pretoriae is a carnivorous fish species, feeding on aquatic insects. The natural growth rate is relatively fast in the first two years where after it levels off. Sexual maturity (50%) is attained within the first year (44mm total length). From the four cell stage, embryos took seven days to hatch, 16 days to first feeding and 75 days to reach the juvenile phase. The free embryos were well developed and readily accepted artificial feed at first feeding. The fish spawned readily, without hormone induction, in a continuous raceway. Spawning in the 801 retangular glass aquaria was irregular. The substrate within the raceway consisted of gravel and large rocks. The current was maintained at 0.6m/sec, temperature at 26± 0.6⁰C, dissolved oxygen concentrations at 7.1± 0.3mg/l, pH at 6.9± 0.2 and photoperiod at 16L:8D. Conductivity was monitored and remained within the acceptable range of C. pretoriae (84± 10uS/m).
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Alexandrou, Markos A. "Mechanisms of Speciation and Coexistence in Corydoradinae Catfishes." Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536473.
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Barrero-Monzón, Marinela. "Plasma steroid and vitellogenin concentrations, activity of cathepsins, and egg protein content during oocyte maturation, and influence of hormone injection in four commercial strains of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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Tilney, Robin Lewis. "Aspects of the biology, ecology and population dynamics of Galeichthys feliceps (Valenciennes) and G. ater (Castelnau) (Pisces: Ariidae) off the south-east coast of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005064.
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This thesis represents a detailed investigation into aspects of the biology, ecology and population dynamics of two endemic ariid species, Galeichthys feliceps and G. ater, off the southeast coast of South Africa. The two species are exploited as a by-catch in the commercial ski-boat fishery off Port Alfred, a fishery dominated by highly fecund sparid and sciaenid species. They collectively constitute approximately 10% of the total annual catch in terms of landed mass G. feliceps outnumber G. ater in the catches by a ratio of 3:1. The investigation was designed to provide the biological data required for stock assessment and to determine optimum management strategies for the two populations. The implications of their K-selected life-history styles for exploitation received particular attention. While the two species were sympatric and had similar depth distributions they were found to be allopatric with respect to their foraging habitats. G. feliceps foraged over sandy and muddy substrata in marine and estuarine environments. G. ater fed only on reef-associated species and did not utilise estuaries. Their feeding-associated morphologies were identical and both species preyed primarily on crustaceans (brachyuran crabs and isopods), echiurids, molluscs and polychaetes. The diet of G. ater was broader in terms of the number of species consumed. The two species are mouth-brooders with low fecundity. G. feliceps and G. ater produced a mean of 49 and 32 eggs each, per annum. The buccal incubation period was determined to be in the region of 140 days for G. feliceps. Embryos hatched after approximately 75-80 days and the young began exogenous feeding thereafter. The young fed intra-buccally on detritus provided by the parent. Adult buccal mucus may also have been used as a food source. Young were released at a total length of ± 55mm. Adult males ceased feeding whilst mouth-brooding. Body musculature, abdominal fat and liver reserves provided energy for basal metabolism and males lost approximately 28% of their body mass during buccal incubation. Females expended less reproductive energy than males. Catches were dominated by mature fish (76% in G. feliceps and 97% in G. ater). Females were significantly more abundant in catches during the spawning and mouth-brooding period. The female to male sex ratios were 1.65:1 and 2.23:1 for G. feliceps and G. ater respectively. Age and growth studies revealed that the two species mature at advanced ages (10 and 9 years for G. feliceps and 9 and 7 years for G. ater males and females respectively). They are long-lived, reaching ages in excess of 18 years in G. feliceps and in excess of 15 years in G. ater. Females live longer than males and grow larger. Yield-per-recruit and spawner biomass-per-recruit analyses demonstrated that G. ater were exploited below FO.1 at a level where spawner biomass-per-recruit was reduced to between 45% and 65% of the unexploited level. The G. ater stock was not adversely affected by current levels of fishing effort. For G. feliceps, both sexes were exploited beyond F₀.₁ where spawner biomass-per-recruit was reduced to between 30% and 22% of the unexploited level. G. feliceps were shown to be sensitive to relatively low levels of exploitation, a phenomenon attributed to their highly Kselected life-history style. Should the species become targeted for in the future, effort restrictions in the form of a closed season during the spawning and mouth-brooding period would prove effective in reducing effort and conserving the population sex ratio.
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Schmitt, Joseph Daniel. "Feeding Ecology of Invasive Catfishes in Chesapeake Bay Subestuaries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83464.
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Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus are native to tributaries of the Mississippi River but are now invasive in several Atlantic slope drainages. This includes subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay, where their feeding ecology and potential impact on native species was largely unknown. We collected stomach contents from 16,110 Blue Catfish at 698 sites in three large subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay (James, York, Rappahannock rivers). Cumulative prey curves revealed that sample size was sufficient for diet description, though 1,000 – 1500 stomachs were needed per river. Blue Catfish are opportunistic generalists that feed on a broad array of plant and animal material. Logistic regression models reveal that Blue Catfish undergo significant ontogenetic diet shifts to piscivory at larger sizes (P<0.01) though the lengths at which these shifts occur varies by river system (500 – 900 mm total length; TL). Over 60% of Blue Catfish stomachs contained other invasive species, primarily Hydrilla verticillata and Asian clams Corbicula fluminea. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that salinity and season explained the most variation in Blue Catfish diet, while Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) demonstrated that there is considerable spatiotemporal and length-based variation in predation of species of concern. Species of concern include American Shad, American Eel, and river herring, which are imperiled, and blue crab, which support valuable fisheries in Chesapeake Bay. Predation of American Shad, American Eel, and river herring was rare (max predicted occurrence in Blue Catfish diets = 8%), while blue crab was much more common in the diet (max predicted occurrence =28%). Predation of American Shad and river herring peaks in freshwater areas in April, while predation of blue crab peaks in brackish areas in October. Predation of all species of concern is highest for large catfish (500 – 1000 mm TL). Field and laboratory-based estimates of consumption rate revealed that Blue Catfish feed at similar rates as Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and daily ration is estimated to be 2-5% bodyweight per day during warm temperatures, while peak feeding (maximum daily ration) can approach 10% bodyweight per day. While consumption of imperiled species is rare, Blue Catfish could still have negative impacts on these species due to dense catfish populations.Ph. D.
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Duvall, Amanda Dawn. "A Comparison of the Pectoral Spines in Virginia Catfishes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1297.
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Catfish pectoral spines are an anti-predator defense mechanism. They can be bound or locked, making the fish harder to swallow, or used to produce distress calls by rubbing ridges on the dorsal process against a channel in the wall of the pectoral girdle. Growth of the pectoral spine and girdle were examined in relation to fish size within and across species that occur throughout central and eastern Virginia. These included blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), white catfish (Ameiurus catus), brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus), yellow bullheads (Ameiurus natalis), flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), margined madtom (Noturus insignis), and tadpole madtom (Noturus gyrinus).Pectoral spines and girdles grow as catfish increase in size. In larger species spine length and weight increase nonlinearly with fish size, suggesting that maintaining spine dimensions becomes less important in bigger individuals less likely to suffer predation. The incidence of spine breakage also increases in larger fish. In smaller species spine length increases linearly in our samples (brown and yellow bullheads and margined and tadpole madtoms). In all species spine width increases linearly with total length. The spine base (dorsal process width and depth and dorsal-ventral length) grows linearly with total length in most species. However, measurements of the spine base increase nonlinearly in white catfishes, and dorsal process width increases nonlinearly in wild channel catfish although the increase was linear in cultured channel catfish.Girdle depth increased linearly with total length in all species except for wild channel catfish, and the ratio of coracoid to cleithrum depth varied among species. Pectoral girdle weight increased linearly with fish weight in blue catfish, cultured channel catfish, brown bullheads, and margined and tadpole madtoms. However, girdle weight, a major component of the body, increased nonlinearly in wild channel, white, yellow bullheads, and flathead catfishes. Cultured channel catfish had smaller pectoral spines and girdles than wild channels, a likely epigenetic response to predators. Catfish spines were identified to species, allowing determination of catfishes eaten by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) using spines collected near their nests. Bald eagles ate blue catfish (60%), channel catfish (27%), white catfish (9%), brown bullheads (4%) and yellow bullheads (0.5%). Madtom and flathead catfish were not consumed. Mean sizes captured were: Blue catfish (366 mm, 414 g), channel catfish (417 mm, 618 g), white catfish (320 mm, 591 g), brown bullheads (278 mm, 277 g) and yellow bullhead (203 mm, 192 g).
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Barr, Brian R. "Analysis of the impact of flathead catfish predation on the abundance of four centrarchid species." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12042009-020154/.
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Haylor, Graham S. "The culture of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in Africa, with particular reference to controlled hatchery production." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3267.
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A rationale is presented for a primary nursing strategy and an on-growing strategy for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) culture in Africa, thus providing a potential model for the development of culture technology for the species. Existing information pertaining to the production strategies identified is reviewed, highlighting the attributes of African catfish for aquaculture. Some of the current deficiencies and inconsistencies in available information pertaining to controlled hatchery production are addressed. The early developmental stages of Clarias gariepinus are defined, in order to promote consistent use of terminology and help farmers better address the changing needs of their developing stock. The pattern of growth and survival of larvae and fry is investigated at higher stocking densities than those used experimentally to provide a database for planning full-scale commercial operations. Tank design and water flow rates appropriate for Clarias gariepinus in hatcheries are investigated and recommendations made. Finally, in order to promote maximal growth rates of hatchery stocks the maximum daily feed intake of larvae in relation to different feeding regimes is estimated based on rates of gastric evacuation and return of appetite. An overview of the controlled hatchery production of Clarias gariepinus is presented.
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Stokes, Amanda. "Tests of Adaptive Coloration Hypotheses for Madtom (Notorus) Catfishes (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae)." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/57.
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Predators select for defensive adaptations, such as stings, toxins, and camouflage color patterns. Madtoms, Noturus, are diminutive catfishes with dorsal and pectoral stings. Thirteen of the 25 nominal species have serrated spines in the pectoral sting and a contrasting pigment pattern. Behavior of two saddled species, N. miurus and N. hildebrandi, and one uniformly colored species, N. leptacanthus, was investigated to test if the pigment pattern is camouflage. Saddle spacing and crypticity of the saddled species were measured against various substrates and were found to be unevenly spaced, which could be camouflage when viewed against gravel. Given substrate choices, madtoms preferred gravel during daylight conditions. In subsequent experiments, all species were given colored gravel to test color vs. texture-based substrate choice and preferred dark substrates. In the presence of a predator stimulus, madtoms preferred gravel at night and dawn. The pigment pattern likely is camouflage when viewed against gravel substrates.
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Peart, C. R. "Detecting a signature of adaptive radiation : diversification in Lake Tanganyika catfishes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1461240/.
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This thesis compares two independent radiations of catfish in Lake Tanganyika, Claroteine and Synodontis catfishes, to investigate generalities in patterns and processes of diversification between radiations in an ancient “island-like” environment. The introductory chapter places this work in a theoretical context and explores previous research on taxa from Lake Tanganyika. Chapter two provides the first molecular phylogeny of species in the sub-family Claroteinae from Lake Tanganyika, including additional putative species of the genus Phyllonemus. This phylogeny is fossil calibrated to assess when diversification occurred and molecular species delimitation is also performed. Chapter three investigates geographic structure in one species from each radiation, Lophiobagrus cyclurus (from the Claroteine radiation) and Synodontis multipunctatus. Each species was sampled from multiple localities along the length of Lake Tanganyika and their DNA sequenced using restriction site associated (RAD) sequencing to produce large genomic datasets. These datasets allow the comparison of geographic patterns between taxa and, in the Lophiobagrus dataset (which also includes the closely related species L. aquilus), an investigation into the extent of introgression. Chapter four investigates niche partitioning and morphological diversification in both the claroteine and Synodontis radiations. These analyses are conducted using a single dated molecular phylogeny containing both of the radiations allowing explicit comparisons. Eco-morphological divergence is assessed using both morphological measurements thought to be ecologically relevant (e.g., size of the eye) and stable isotope ratios of both nitrogen and carbon as a proxy for niche space. While the first three chapters investigate generalities in the patterns and drivers of diversification by comparing two independent radiations in the same “island-like” environment, Chapter fives takes a different approach by placing one of the Lake Tanganyika radiations, Synodontis, in its broader phylogenetic context. In this chapter morphological diversification is investigated in the largely riverine continental radiation of Synodontis found throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
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Willenberg, Zachary J. "Selected population characteristics of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, in the lower 200 miles of the Wabash River." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191726.
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This study describes the population characteristics of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) in the lower 200 miles of the Wabash River in 1998. Densities of channel and flathead catfish did not differ over the study reach for either species. Electrofishing captured twice as many channel as flathead catfish, and hoop nets captured twice as many flatheads as channel catfish. Growth rates of channel catfish were fast as compared to documented growth in other rivers in the United States, with ages ranging from 1-8. Flathead catfish growth was average when compared to that reported in other United States rivers with ages ranging from 0-7. Length-frequency analysis for both species revealed the populations were comprised of small individuals with mortality higher than expected in older fish. This study will aid in the management of the Wabash River, as historic data are limited.Department of Biology
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Duc, Nguyen Minh. "The catfish antidumping in perfect and imperfect competition and the role of aquaculture in farmers' happiness." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/NGUYEN_DUC_34.pdf.
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Baoprasertkul, Puttharat Liu Zhanjiang. "Characterization of innate immune genes of catfish CXC chemokines and toll-like receptors /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/doctoral/BAOPRASERTKUL_PUTTHARAT_14.pdf.
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Triyono, Sugeng. "Continuous simulation of groundwater use and effluent discharge in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ponds at five locations in the Southeast U.S." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05292007-185838.
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Rapp, Py-Daniel Lucia 1956. "Phylogeny of the neotropical armored catfishes of the subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282395.
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Evidence for the monophyly of Loricariinae is presented using phylogenetic analysis (maximum parsimony in PAUP*) of osteological and external morghological characters. The two different analyses used, with the characters unordered and the characters partly ordered, produced the same levels of relationship among the ingroup taxa, displaying similar support (similar values of decay index and bootstrap). The analyses showed differences in the Loricariinae sister group. In the unordered analysis, the sistes group of the Loricariinae is a clade formed by representatives of Hypostominae, Ancistrinae and Hypoptopomatinae. In the ordered analysis, Neoplecostomus came out as the sister group of Loricariinae. Loricariinae is diagnosed by a large set of synapomorphies under both data sets. Loricariinae is subdivided in two large clades, Loricariini Bonaparte, 1831 and Harttiini Boeseman, 1971, which basically comprise the genera originally assigned. Loricariini comprises two subclades here named after already available taxa, Hemiodontichthyina (Isbrucker, 1979) and Planiloricariina (Isbrucker, 1979, 1980), plus the genera Loricaria, Spatuloricaria and the non-monophyletic Rineloricaria. Harttiini comprises two subclades, Farlowellina (Fowler, 1958) and Harttiina (Boeseman, 1971), plus the genus Sturisomatichthys. In Planiloricariina, Crossoloricaria came out non-monophyletic, and Crossoloricaria and Apistoloricaria are synonymized to Rhadinoloricaria, since these taxa are not supported separately, but as a clade. All taxa inside Loricariinae are diagnosed phylogenetically. The phylogenetic results are discussed under the current systematics for the group. Taxa not available for the analyses were tentatively placed within the phylogenetic hypothesis proposed. New systematic accounts are provided. The co-occurrence of extreme sets of apomorphies is discussed. Due to the positive correlation between sex dimorphic traits and monophyletic groups, a hypothesis on origin of dimorphic traits in Loricariinae is inferred.
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Luu, Truc T. T. "Investigation into jaundice in farmed catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/13060.
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Disease outbreaks continue to be a major problem in the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Clinical outbreaks can negatively impact on the welfare of the fish and the economic gain derived from this industry. Jaundice observed as a yellow colouration in the abdominal skin, sclera of the eyes and fin bases is a significant health problem affecting the Vietnamese freshwater catfish industry. This study was designed to investigate jaundice of farmed catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus using several complementary approaches. These included clinical investigations and identification of potential aetiological agents as well as epidemiological analyses to identify farm-based risk factors for this economically devastating condition occurring in the catfish farms of the Mekong Delta. The results of this survey demonstrated that the jaundice was not linked to a single geographical location as affected fish were found widely distributed throughout the five main production areas. Nor was any association found between any weight groupings, feed type or feeding regime applied in the affected farms. The highest prevalence occurred between June to October and fish mortalities ranged from 1 to 10% in the study sites. The duration of this condition was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) to mortality but not to total farm area, depth of pond, stocking density, or amount of water exchanged. The number of fish ponds affected was not as high in the large-scale farms compared to the small-scale farms. The results from the clinical description study showed that the affected fish were suffering a form of jaundice or icterus. Histological examination revealed a number of serious pathologies in the affected fish. Spleenomegaly was associated with the loss of cell structure and connective tissue and the haematopoietic tissue had large areas of necrosis. In the liver, histological changes consisted of vasculitis and multifocal to diffuse hepatocellular necrosis. The presence of haemosiderin was observed in melano-macrophage centres in the spleen and kidney of jaundiced fish. No single pathogen was identified in the jaundiced fish. Myxosporean infection was found in both apparently normal fish and jaundiced fish. However, there was a definite tendency for jaundiced fish to be more heavily infected. Histopathological examination found several changes that could not be ascribed to specific aetiological factors and presume that both groups (jaundiced alone and myxosporean-affected jaundiced fish) have similar lesions. The results of this study would suggest that the parasite identified as M. pangasii was not a primary pathogen associated with the haemolytic jaundice. Neither were the gills myxosporeans associated with the haemolytic jaundice and they may be considered more as a nuisance rather than as primary pathogens in farmed P. hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Univariate analysis of the whole dataset showed several variables were significantly associated with the haemolytic jaundice. However, none of the variables achieved lasting statistical relevance in multivariable models. In conclusion, this study identified a haemolytic jaundice condition affecting farmed P. hypophthalmus in Vietnam, but no single aetiological agent or farm based risk factor was identified with this condition. Several priority areas for further work were identified and include a prospective, longitudinal cohort study to identify further the risk factors associated with the clinical jaundice condition.
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Lückhoff, Paul Daniël. "Application of the condition factor in the production of African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1098.
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Mullins, Margy 1958, and Margy 1958 Mullins. "Effect of frozen storage on some biochemical, ultrastructural, and textural properties of tilapia (Tilapia aureus) and catfish (Ictalarus punctatus) muscle." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625875.
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Britz, P. J. (Peter Jacobus) 1959. "Environmental requirements for the hatchery rearing of African catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) larvae and juveniles." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001964.
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Inadequate seed production has historically been a factor limiting the commercial culture of Clarias gariepinus. The need to determine the environmental requirements of larvae was identified, in order to facilitate their successful mass rearing in hatcheries. The effects of key environmental factors on the growth, survival and aspects of the behaviour of C. gariepinus larvae and juveniles were investigated under controlled conditions. A strong emphasis was placed on the interpretation of the observed responses in terms of the natural history of the animal. Larvae were obtained by artificially inducing and spawning feral adult broodfish. Larval growth rates were highest in the temperature range 26-33ºC, with a peak at 30ºC. Survival of larvae was high between 22 and 33ºC. The final temperature preferendum of juveniles, determined in a thermal gradient was 30ºC, and it was concluded that this temperature is probably optimal for most of the physiological processes of the animal. Larvae and juveniles displayed strong negative phototaxis. When reared under different photoperiod regimes, larval growth increased with longer dark periods, however a similar rate of mortality was recorded in all photoperiod treatments. The provision of cover was found to enhance larval growth under conditions of continual light (24L/OD), however under conditions of continual darkness (OL/24D) similar growth rates were recorded regardless of the presence or absence of cover. All growth rates in continual darkness (OL/24D) were higher than those in continual light (24L/OD), regardless of whether cover was provided or not. It was concluded that a OL/24D photoperiod is optimal for larval rearing. At salinities between 0 and 5% similar growth and mortality rates of larvae were recorded. At 7.5 % larval growth and survival rates were lower, and at 10 % all larvae died within 48 hours. The 96h-LCSO for unionised ammonia was found to be 2.3 mg/l. The cytological effects of unionised ammonia were evident as degenerative changes in the gill and liver tissues. In an investigation of tank hygiene, it was found that larval growth and survival rates were highest in tanks not cleaned at all. As the frequency of tank cleaning increased, the growth and survival rates of larvae decreased. When reared at densities ranging from 45-450/1, larval growth was found to be density dependent. A model of hatchery productivity (number larvae of standard size produced/time/vol.) was developed based on the density dependent nature of larval growth. The model predicts that maximum productivity, will be achieved at a rearing density of 1400/1. The high growth and survival rates obtained over a broad range of each environmental parameter investigated serve to explain how larvae survive and grow in their unstable floodplain habitat in nature. The broad environmental tolerances of C. gariepinus are of benefit with respect to the culture of larvae, as successful larval rearing is possible over a fairly wide range of environmental conditions.
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Chandler, Louis Fairfax. "Trophic Ecology of Native and Introduced Catfishes in the Tidal James River, Virginia." VCU Scholars Compass, 1998. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4408.
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Species introductions have been linked to the decline of native taxa, and in many cases have resulted in the elimination of native species in both terrestrial and aquatic systems throughout the United States. In aquatic systems, a particular threat is the introduction of large piscivorous fish that may alter the native fish community structure. For example, introductions of large ictalurids such as blue catfish, (lctalurus furcatus), and flathead catfish, (Pylodictus olivaris), into coastal Virginia rivers, including the James River twenty years ago have resulted in the establishment of these large, predatory fishes.
This study described the trophic ecology of four ictalurid catfishes in the tidal James River, Virginia including the native white catfish (Ameiurus catus), the possibly introduced channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and the recently introduced blue catfish and flathead catfish. The objectives of this study were to determine the trophic ecology of these four catfishes in a coastal Virginia river, and to assess the potential predatory effects of large, recently introduced piscivorous ictalurids on the native fish assemblage, and especially anadromous clupeid fishes.
A stratified sample of 4, 164 catfish was taken throughout the tidal freshwater reach of the James River during the summer and fall, 1996 and spring, 1997. Stomach content analysis revealed that blue catfish and flathead catfish are highly piscivorous, feeding on several families of native fishes. Flathead catfish consumed over 90% (frequency of occurrence) fish prey in most predator size classes and began consuming more fish prey at smaller sizes than blue catfish. Blue catfish shifted to a mostly piscivorous diet at predator lengths > 500 mm. Both blue catfish and flathead catfish consumed adult anadromous clupeids. The greatest numeric proportion (0.41) of anadromous clupeids consumed were juvenile Alosa spp. (<100 mm) taken by small blue catfish (<500 mm) during the fall sampling season. Piscivory was much less extensive in channel catfish and white catfish (less than 10% frequency of occurrence for all predator size classes). There is evidence of negative consequences to native fishes associated with the introductions of blue catfish and flathead catfish into Atlantic slope rivers. These consequences may conflict with current restoration efforts for native fishes such as the anadromous clupeids in these rivers.
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Phan, Thanh Lam. "Sustainable development of export-orientated farmed seafood in Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20752.
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Aquaculture is playing an important role in the development of fisheries in Vietnam, a role which has accelerated since 2000. Sustainability in aquaculture is receiving increasing attention, and this issue is not only the concern of government, but also stakeholders participating in the value chain. Therefore, this study aims to identify sustainability issues of farmed seafood by assessing the main sustainability issues raising concern. The Global Value Chain framework described by Gereffi et al. (2005) is applied for this study to explore the business relationships in supply chain and the perceptions of sustainability concerned by the value chain actors. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to collect data. An assessment of four species cultured on the Mekong Delta, the countries farmed seafood ‘hub’, found a clear distinction between species cultured with a local domestic market orientation (Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii; and Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus) and the two key export commodities - Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon & Litopenaeus vannamei). These orientations were based on a range of factors including the development of effective seed supplies and the cultural value of marketing in the live format. This study, conducted in ten provinces in the Mekong Delta from 2009 to 2013 had a focus on understanding the export-orientated commodities, striped catfish and shrimp through collection of baseline information on the value chain of farmed seafood, focusing on the farming sector, the actors and institutions involved and beneficiaries. Sustainability issues and perceptions of experts (top-down) and primary stakeholders (bottom-up) opinions were assessed through participatory workshops. Shrimp and striped catfish production are mainly farmed for export, with 83% and 95% of its production, respectively, leaving the country mainly after processing. Currently, mainly families operate small-/medium-scale farms; while large-farms are integrated within seafood processors. Production efficiency of large-farms tends to be better than small-/medium farms. Many striped catfish and shrimp farms are likely to reach several standard criteria such as economic feed conversion ratio (eFCR), stocking density, no banned chemical/drug and wild-seed use, and land property rights; however, there were still many standard criteria that existing farms could not meet such as effluent management, farm registration, fishmeal control, farm hygiene and record-keeping requirement. Hence, current farming practices, especially small-/medium farms have a long way to go to meet emergent international food standards. Recently, many small-/medium catfish farms faced problems with low fish prices, so they have had to cease catfish farming activities and temporarily stop farming; while some larger farms also had to temporarily stop farming. Therefore, fish price has tended to be a main driving force for catfish farm changes. In the shrimp industry, there were technical changes occurring in the high intensity level of shrimp farms (HiLI); whereas, the remaining shrimp farms had fewer changes in farm management. Most HiLI shrimp farms were affected by AHPNS disease, which was a main factor driving their farm changes. Many perceptions of sustainability were identified by stakeholder groups, however seven sustainability issues had a high level of agreement among stakeholders including input cost, capital & credit costs, unstable markets, government regulation & policy, disease, seed quality, water quality and water availability factors. Hatcheries, farmers and manager groups were more concerned about environmental issues; while for the input suppliers and processors, economics was the main issue. Farmers and processors were two main actors that played an important role in the production process of the value chain. Small-/medium farms dominated the number of farms overall and still played an important role in primary production. However, small-scale farms were considered as more vulnerable actors in the value chain, and they faced more difficulties in meeting increasing requirements on food quality/safety. To maintain the position in the value chain, the solutions could be horizontal and vertical coordination. Thus policy makers will need to find ways to include them in the planning processes. To reach sustainability will require the efforts of direct stakeholders, the role of the state agencies is essential in negotiation and diplomacy to create partnerships with the seafood importing countries. However, efforts to develop sustainable production become impossible without participation from importers, retailers and consumers.
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Fortune, Shelby E. "Evaluation of automated, manual and constant aeration practices in managing of dissolved oxygen for channel catfish farming in earthen ponds." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07182008-143119.
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Acero, Arturo. "Systematics and biogeography of the tropical sea catfishes of the New World (Siluriformes: Ariidae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280670.
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Ariidae (Siluriformes), widely distributed in world tropical shelves, includes 150-200 species, one third endemic to the New World. Males practice mouthbrooding of eggs and embryos. To study the phylogeny of neotropical ariids, a morphological matrix [26 species (three outgroup, 23 ingroup), 56 characters) was used. The strict consensus tree of 12 parsimonious trees is 85 steps long. Ariidae includes two subfamilies. Galeichthyinae includes one species endemic to the eastern Pacific, Galeichthys peruvianus. Ariinae has three New World lineages. Notarius includes seven species in the western Atlantic, Colombia to southern Brasil, and seven in the eastern Pacific, Baja California to Peru. Cathorops has two lineages, a monotypic for C. dasycephalus, from eastern Pacific, and other for the rest. There are six species of Cathorops in western Atlantic and seven in eastern Pacific. The tribe Ariopsini, 24 species, is defined by two states from the otolith. The tribe is divided in two unities. The first includes Bagre, four species, and Occidentarius platypogon, endemic to the eastern Pacific. Western Atlantic Bagre are known from Massachussetts to Brasil; the eastern Pacific species go from California to Peru. The other ariopsin unity includes Ariopsis, five species, and Sciades, six species. Ariopsis ranges in western Atlantic from Massachussetts to Venezuela and in eastern Pacific from Mexico to Peru. Sciades includes five western Atlantic species, Colombia to Brasil, and one eastern Pacific species, Mexico to Peru. The freshwater genus Potamarius , four species, three from western Atlantic rivers and one from Ecuadorian rivers, is the sister taxa to Ariopsis. Genidens , four western Atlantic species, Brasil to Tierra del Fuego, is related to ariopsins. The hypothesis for Bagre produced with the morphological matrix coincides with the topology from morphometric techniques; three phylogenetic hypotheses found with molecular techniques were different. Bagre pinnimaculatus is the sister species to B. bagre, both are the most derived species; B. marinus is the most generalized species. Other transisthmian speciation events were found within the genera Notarius, Cathorops, and Ariopsis. In the New World three lineages have independently returned to freshwaters. Some New World ariid lineages show tendency to occur mainly in marine waters.
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Simonson, Timothy D. "Distribution, ecology, and reproductive biology of the orangefin madtom (Noturus gilberti)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80168.
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Distribution of the orangefin madtom (Noturus gilberti) was determined from 347 sites sampled in Virginia and North Carolina. This species inhabited 264 stream kilometers, over twice the reported range, in the following systems: Craig Creek, Roanoke River, Dan River, Big Chestnut Creek, South Mayo River, Pigg River, and Smith River. The orangefin madtom was somewhat common; 33% (Dan River) to 70% (Craig Creek) of the sites sampled were occupied.
Negative interspecific associates of orangefin madtoms included chubs, mountain redbelly dace, rosyside dace, crescent shiners, and crayfish; only Roanoke darters were considered positive associates. Sand and silt levels were significantly lower at sites with N. gilberti, while percentage of small cobble, local gradient, and depth were significantly higher. Discriminant function analysis identified large gravel, local gradient, silt, and occurrence of rosyside dace and crayfish, as significant predictors of the occurrence of the orangefin madtom.
Seasonal samples from Craig Creek consisted of three age groups. The smallest individual captured was 33 mm total length (TL) and the largest was 111 mm TL. Mortality appeared moderate from age I until summer of the third year, when most individuals apparently died shortly after spawning. Spawning habitat of orangefin madtoms in Craig Creek appeared to be fast-water riffles dominated by small cobble substrate.
Attempts to induce N. gilberti spawning in the laboratory were unsuccessful due to high mortality of captive fish. Field-collected margined madtom egg masses, however, were successfully hatched, and subsequent survival was significantly greater for fry fed ground trout chow versus live brine shrimp nauplii.Master of Science
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Shyamsundar, Ayalur Chattanathan Clement Prabhakar Thangadurai. "Use of hydroxyapatite derived from catfish bones for remediating uranium contaminated groundwater." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1742.
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Zhou, Ping Davis D. Allen. "Utilization of distiller's dried grains with soluble in catfish feeds." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1794.
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Thomas, Matthew Randall. "Systematic revision of the South American armored catfish genus Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/315.
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The genus Loricaria Linnaeus of the family Loricariidae is diagnosed as a monophyletic group based on two uniquely derived synapomorphies: lower lip surfaces covered with filiform papillae and absence of buccal papillae surrounding the dentary teeth. Loricaria are small to moderate-sized catfishes widely distributed throughout most of the major river drainages of cis-Andean South America, including the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraguay, Paraná, and smaller coastal rivers draining the Guyana and Brazilian Shields. Based on multivariate analyses of morphometric and meristic data in combination with qualitative assessment of external morphological characters, 15 nominal species are accepted as valid, with an additional nine described as new. Among the nominal species, L. lentiginosa is synonymized with L. prolixa. Loricaria carinata is resurrected from synonymy with L. cataphracta and L. simillima is treated as a junior synonym of L. carinata. Formal diagnoses, descriptions, and a key to all 24 species are provided. Phylogenetic analyses of Loricaria and related taxa (Spatuloricaria, Crossoloricaria, Planiloricaria, Brochiloricaria, Paraloricaria, and Ricola) based on a combined data set of 32 gap-coded quantitative (morphometric and meristic) characters and 24 qualitative characters derived from external morphology resulted in fully resolved, but poorly supported phylogenies under equal weights and implied weighting criteria. Implied weights analyses using a concavity constant (K) of 24-49 recovered Loricaria as a monophyletic group with L. piracicabae as basal and sister to six terminal clades containing all other species. Species originally described as Loricaria, but subsequently transferred to Brochiloricaria, Paraloricaria, and Ricola, were recovered as paraphyletic in each analysis and should be treated as congeneric with Loricaria. Distributions of Loricaria exhibit patterns of endemism similar to those documented for other groups of Neotropical fishes. Species diversity is highest in the Amazon basin (13 species, including 10 endemics), followed by the Paraguay region (5 species, including 4 endemics), Guianas region (5 species, including 2 endemics), Orinoco basin (3 species, including 2 endemics), and a single species occurring in both the São Francisco basin and drainages of Northeastern Brazil. Loricaria is apparently absent from coastal Atlantic drainages south of the São Francisco basin. Such shared patterns of endemism provide some insight into past geomorphological processes that have influenced diversification in Loricaria and serves as a foundation for further tests of biogeographic hypotheses based on phylogenetic and geological evidence.
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Wudtisin, Idsariya. "Bottom soil quality in ponds for culture of catfish, freshwater prawn, and carp in Thailand." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/WUDTISIN_IDSARIYA_58.pdf.
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