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Journal articles on the topic 'Catherine II of Russia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Hilton, Marjorie. "Civilizing Russia's “Barbarous Kingdom”." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 50, no. 2 (2024): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2024.500203.

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Abstract The Hulu series The Great, an ahistorical satire of the eighteenth-century Russian Empire, set at the courts of Peter III and Catherine II, doubles as a critique of contemporary politics and culture. Created for Anglophone audiences with little knowledge of history, but aware of stereotypes of Russia as a despotic, dysfunctional backwater, the show's appeal rests on the love-hate relationship between Peter the bro-emperor and the “girlboss” empress Catherine, as well as the expectation that Catherine, ultimately, will “have-it-all.” This article examines the gender dynamics structurin

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Berezhnov, A. I. "North Africa in the Foreign Policy of Catherine II." MGIMO Review of International Relations 17, no. 5 (2024): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2024-5-98-208-227.

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The 18th century represented a transformative era for the Russian Empire, characterized by substantial internal reforms and notable foreign policy achievements. Amidst sweeping modernization efforts, Russia secured significant victories on the international stage. Under Peter I, Russia "opened a window" to Europe, while Catherine II's reign expanded Russia's geopolitical reach to the Black Sea, facilitating access to fertile southern territories and establishing crucial maritime routes for international trade. These strategic advancements considerably enhanced Russia's influence and strategic

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Serdechnaya, Vera V. "«Russian Theme» in William Blake’s Works." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, no. 4 (2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-4-137-145.

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The article is devoted to the factors and evidences of William Blake’s interest in Russia, Russian places and politicians. An analysis of Blake’s works, especially his prophetic poems, confirm that Russia, Russian territories, and in particular the Russian Empress Catherine II, were interesting to Blake and were manifested in many ways in his works. Blake counts Russia and its territories in his great prophecies Milton and Jerusalem. The mention of Poland and Siberia, Tartaria, and Russia separately indicates that the spiritual geography of Blake’s works did not exactly correspond to the curre

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Vinogradov, Vladimir, and Alexander Lugovoy. "TITLED FIREFIGHTERS OF RUSSIA: HER IMPERIAL MAJESTY CATHERINE II." Psychological and pedagogical problems of human and social security 2023, no. 4 (2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/2074-1618-2024-2023-4-53-58.

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The article analyzes the activities of Empress Catherine II to ensure fire safety in Russia. It is shown that Catherine II is rightfully the defender of the Fatherland from fires. It was she who first introduced the positions of brandmayors in the capitals, completed the formation of police fire brigades with permanent personnel. She continued fire-resistant construction in Russian cities, thus continuing the work of Peter I. Her brief biography is presented and her achievements in the field of state administration are noted.

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Gridnev, Valery P. "Catherine the Great in the History of Russia." Administrative consulting, no. 4 (160) (June 7, 2022): 121–29. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-4-121-129.

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The purpose of the article is to evaluate the management activities of Empress Catherine II during the reign from 1762 to 1796. Objective: to analyze the organizational activities of Catherine the Great, aimed at reforming the entire system of state and local government of Russia. Conclusion: experience, an active life position and the results of the state building of Catherine II indicate that women can be not only guardians of the family hearth, but also successful leaders, as evidenced by the numerous positive assessments given to her by well-known and respected Russian historians and forei

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Gridnev, V. P. "Catherine the Great in the History of Russia." Administrative Consulting, no. 4 (May 23, 2022): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-4-121-129.

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The purpose of the article is to evaluate the management activities of Empress Catherine II during the reign from 1762 to 1796.Objective: to analyze the organizational activities of Catherine the Great, aimed at reforming the entire system of state and local government of Russia.Conclusion: experience, an active life position and the results of the state building of Catherine II indicate that women can be not only guardians of the family hearth, but also successful leaders, as evidenced by the numerous positive assessments given to her by well-known and respected Russian historians and foreign

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Suraeva, Natalia G. "THE IMAGE OF CHINA IN THE CORRESPONDENCE OF CATHERINE II." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 17, no. 4 (2021): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2021-17-4-62-78.

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In 1762, Catherine II (1729-1796), Catherine le Grand, as Voltaire called her, an extraordinary woman who was destined to undergo many reforms and establish Russia’s place in the world, ascended to the Russian throne. Her reign coincided with the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799), one of the most enlightened monarchs in Chinese history; during his time, the empire achieved many military victories and brilliant achievements in the arts. By the time of Catherine’s accession to the throne, relations between the two countries were very strained. Meanwhile, the age of Enlightenment, the century

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Józsa, György Zoltán. "The Era of Catherine the Great. The View of a Hungarian Historian." Slavic Almanac 2024, no. 3-4 (2024): 473–81. https://doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2024.3-4.24.

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The article offers a review of the book ‘Lights and Shades in the State of Catherine II’ by László V. Molnár, which was published in Hungarian by Balatoni Akadémia Kiadó in Keszthely. The reputable Hungarian historian known for his works on 18th century Russia, showcases in this book the outcome of his research and evaluates Catherine’s reign in a broader international context, in an unbiased manner, as a Golden Age in Russian History, whose achievements and impact in geopolitics, economy, and culture, are still felt in today’s Russia. The monograph is made up of 3 chapters. The author fi

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Rogozhina, Angelina S. "“That the Price of Bread Be Always in My Hands”: Catherine II and Formation of the Grain Storage System in Russia." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2020): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-1-131-144.

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Historically, national food supply for population in time of crop failure and famine came within state interests during the reign of Emperor Peter I. Then, national food supply acquired its status of a separate branch of the government. Under Peter I, a whole set of preventive measures was developed to combat crop failure and famine. However, Peter I’s idea of grain stores remained unrealized. Only after accession of Catherine II the question of creating Russian grain stores system as a main mechanism for dealing with crop failures and famine was re-introduced. Over the entire period of her ru

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Ermolaeva, Elena. "Neo-Hellenic poetry in Russia: Antonios Palladoklis (1747–1801) and Georgios Baldani (about 1760–1789)." Hyperboreus 25, no. 2 (2019): 375–86. https://doi.org/10.36950/dwta5502.

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The article deals with the tradition of versiﬁcation in ancient Greek in Russia. The author looks at the work of two almost forgotten native Greek, Russian subject poets, Antonios Palladoklis and Georgios Baldani, who completed laudatory and occasional odes in ancient Greek with Russian poetic translations en regard for Empress Catherine II, Potemkin, the Orlovs and other nobles. After the Russian victories in the Turkish war (1768–1774) Greeks hoped that Catherine II would free Greece from Muslim Turks and restore Hellenism. The author provides a small selection of their poetry in ancient Gre

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Worobec, Christine D. "Late Witchcraft Prosecutions in Imperial Russia within a Comparative European Context." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 57, no. 3-4 (2023): 484–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/22102396-05703014.

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Abstract While Russia was an early practitioner within a European context in ceasing to apply the death penalty against suspected witches and sorcerers in 1744, it continued to prosecute them in what became a two-tiered system under Catherine II that lasted until the mid-nineteenth century. The last known prosecutions of witchcraft in Russia in the 1860s occurred several decades after the very last trials in places such as Bavaria (1792), Württemberg (1805), and Spain (1820). Based on archival and legal sources, this essay focuses on Catherine’s limited measures of decriminalization largely th

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Nemchynov, Ihor. "An attempt to bring out a “new breed” of people in 18th-century Russia and Russian self-identification." Sententiae 12, no. 1 (2005): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/sent12.01.142.

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The paradigm of the interaction of "own" and "foreign", Russia and Europe defined Russian culture during the 18th-20th centuries. The utopian idea of creating a "new kind" of people, which appeared in the circle of Catherine II under the influence of European Enlightenment ideas, accurately characterizes this paradigm. The Enlightenment was a radical rejection of the traditional feudal worldview, a rejection of the old foundations of life. The author emphasizes that Catherine II and her entourage were not determined to radically change the existing social order in the spirit of enlightenment,

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Tsyrempilov, Nikolay V. "Екатерина II как воплощение Белой Тары: обожествляли ли буряты Романовых?" Oriental studies 16, № 5 (2023): 1099–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-69-5-1099-1114.

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Introduction. The tradition of worshipping the Russian Empress Catherine II by Buryat Buddhists as an earthly incarnation of the enlightened Buddhist deity White Tara is regarded as an established historical fact by researchers (and officials of Russia’s largest Buddhist organization ‘Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia’), and has never been questioned. Yet a careful analysis of Buryat written sources and Russian historical documents makes the statement somewhat problematic. Goals. The article attempts a comparative insight into a range of documentary, narrative and folklore sources in Burya

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Giust, Anna. "Catherine II’s the early reign of Oleg: Sarti, Canobbio and Pashkevich working towards an ideal." Muzikologija, no. 20 (2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1620015g.

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This paper focuses on Catherine II?s The Early Reign of Oleg (1790) as a demonstrative performance of the sovereign?s policy. In the context of Catherine?s early nationalistic pride and her ?Greek project?, the performance is understood as a synthesis embodying in music the vision of Russia as an Empire ready to receive the heritage of Byzantium, thanks to Sarti?s use of modes combined with the Russian folk elements introduced by Canobbio and Pashkevich. In this context, Nikolay L?vov represents the joining link, having theorized that Russian folk music originated from ancient Greek music.

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Khrapunov, Nikita. "The Legend of Gycia, Stanislas Sestrencewicz-Bohusz, and Catherine II." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp214321331.

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This article analyses the reasons which made Stanislas Sestrencewicz-Bohusz (Siestrzeńcewicz-Bohusz, also Sestrentsevich or Sestrenzewitsch, 1731—1826) to study the history of the Crimea and to write one of the first monographs on the subject, which still determines some trends in the Crimean studies. It has been shown that Sestrencewicz, the head of Catholic church in Russia, who tried to establish normal relations between the Polish elite and the Russian government after the first partition of Rzeczpospolita, composed a verse drama of the story of the relations between Chersonesus and Bospor

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Ivleva, Victoria. "Catherine II: Uniform Dresses and Regional Uniforms." Costume 53, no. 2 (2019): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cost.2019.0121.

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Soon after the coup d’état of 1762, which brought Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great, to power, Vigilius Erichsen painted the equestrian portrait of the Empress in the Life Guards’ uniform. Catherine wore this uniform during the coup that dethroned her husband, Peter III. This article analyses this episode of cross-dressing in the context of Catherine's legitimation narrative. It further examines the uniform dresses that she wore for various regimental occasions. The dresses combined elements of traditional Russian garments and European fashion. The final section of the article st

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Kazimierczyk-Kuncer, Jolanta. "Rosja Katarzyny II w Zapiskach Louisa Philippe’a de Ségura." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia, no. 42 (June 19, 2018): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2017.42.3.

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The text presents deliberations on Russia by Louis Philippe de Ségur, a French diplomat, who spent almost five years in Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great. Against the background of his intricately crafted missionary strategy, whose aim was to sign a trade treaty with Russia, Ségur draws a distinctive portrait of the tsarina and her favourite, Potiomkin, skilfully smuggling in a criticism of their reformation activities. Exposing the delusion of Russia’s civilization progress, “the country of dumb obedience and anarchy” whose nation, superficially absorbing European customs, is sti

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Safonov, M. M. "Christian August Brockdorf vs Catherine II." Caurus 3, no. 4 (2024): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.34680/caurus-2024-3(4)-65-74.

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The article analyzes the conflict between Grand Duchess Catherine Alekseevna and major General of the Holstein service, chief Chamberlain of the heir to the Russian throne Peter Fedorovich Christian August Brockdorf. The author concludes that the wife of the Duke of Holstein-Gotop, to whom Peter secretly entrusted the management of the Affairs of the Duchy, met at Brockdorf a man who opposed her ambitious ambitions, expressed in the desire for personal power. The stumbling block was the question of the exchange of Holstein for Oldenburg and Delmenhorst. When Empress Elizabeth was terminally il

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Klein, Joachim. "Russia Triumphant: War Poetry in the Eighteenth Century." Slovene 7, no. 1 (2018): 174–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.1.9.

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This paper deals with a variety of lyric poetry that was widely cultivated under Catherine II — the poetry of war. This poetry was written almost always as oc- casional court poetry; it flourished in the general context of festivities organized in celebration of the Russian successes in the numerous wars of the period. The analysis takes into account not only the main poets, but also the minor poets in order to receive a fuller picture of the period’s mentality. Presenting themselves as loyal subjects, the poets dedicated their texts mostly to Catherine II, congratulating her on her victories

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Egorova, Mariya V., Nadezhda V. Korshunova, and Elizaveta Yu Egorova. "Post-Soviet Historiography about the Relationship between Catherine II and the French Enlighteners." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2023.9.12.

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The study scrutinizes the views of post-Soviet historians on the relationship between Catherine II and the French enlighteners. The most characteristic and common views are identified. It is deemed that the research-es of the post-soviet period had confirmed the views of the pre-revolutionary and soviet historians on the moti-vation of these relationships. On the part of the Empress, this is the fear of nascent public opinion; revenge on the French court; hypocrisy, a game; illusions of Catherine II; the desire to communicate with intelligent people. On the part of the French enlighteners: pol

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Petrova, Maria. "The Problem of Holstein Guardianship in the Foreign Policy of Catherine II in 1762—1764." ISTORIYA 15, no. 12-1 (146) (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840033543-6.

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The article, based on unpublished materials from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the Austrian State Archive, examines Catherine II’s position on the Holstein question, which has been studied mainly in the context of relations between Russia and Denmark. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of this issue for the German policy of the Russian Empress. Her first task after accession to the throne was to obtain recognition from the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I of her rights of guardianship over the minor Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, who had inherited the Duchy

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Петров, Н. И. "Репрезентации христианских образов и понятий в переписке Вольтера и Екатерины II". Вестник Исторического общества Санкт-Петербургской Духовной Академии, № 1(21) (30 травня 2025): 26–38. https://doi.org/10.47132/2587-8425_2025_1_26.

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Известно, что первым российским монархом назвавшим себя «главой Церкви» была императрица Екатерина II. Первые случаи использования Екатериной II данного понятия подобным образом фиксируются в ее переписке с Вольтером в 1770‑х гг. Их детальное рассмотрение с учетом религиозно- политического контекста переписки российской императрицы и французского философа позволяет говорить о рождении этой автохарактеристики Екатерины II в условиях эпистолярной репрезентационной игры Вольтера, связанной с различными христианскими образами и понятиями. При всей своей специфике осуществляемые Вольтером репрезент

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Yaney, George, and Robert E. Jones. "Provincial Development in Russia: Catherine II and Jacob Sievers." American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (1985): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1861074.

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Berlova, Maria. "The Transnationalism of Swedish and Russian National Theatres in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century: How Foreign Performative Art Sharpened the Aesthetics of National Identity." Nordic Theatre Studies 27, no. 1 (2015): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v27i1.24243.

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In this article, I consider the formation of national theatres in Sweden and Russia under the guidance of King Gustav III and Empress Catherine II. Both Swedish and Russian theatres in the second half of the eighteenth century consolidated their nationalism by appealing to various national cultures and absorbing them. One of the achievements of the Enlightenment was the rise in popularity of theatre and its transnationalism. Several European countries, like Russia, Sweden, Po- land, Hungary and others, decided to follow France and Italy’s example with their older traditions, and participate in

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Гайер, Дитрих, та Майя Лавринович. "“Общество” как государственное установление. Социально-исторические аспекты российской государственной власти в XVIII веке". ВИВЛIОθИКА: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies 11 (22 грудня 2023): 192–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.vivliofika.v11.1429.

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In 1966, Dietrich Geyer published an article on the subject of state-society relations in eighteenth-century Russia, which appeared again in 1975 in an updated form. Geyer placed Catherine II’s reform policy in a European context and asked about the policy of absolute monarchies towards corporative structures and the conditions for the development of civil societies. In the Russian case, Catherine II created “societies” in the form of noble and urban corporations in order to expand provincial administration. According to Geyer’s thesis, both the statist origins of these corporate estates and t

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Heiser, František. "The dynamic and passionate Catherine II – the Great, born German, a controversial figure on the Russian imperial throne. Her reflection on art and culture." International Review For Human and Natural Sciences 14, no. 2 (2024): 37–54. https://doi.org/10.59505/irhns.22352007.2024.2.04.

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In the current atmosphere of the extraordinary fifth inauguration of Russian President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, the question naturally arises, among other things, of the longest reigning potentates of Old Russia, the Russian principalities, Tsarist Russia, the Russian State, the Russian Empire/ until 1917/ and, now, the Russian Federation. In this sense, there are interesting parallels between the reign of Ivan IV - Vasilyevich the Terrible, the Great Priest and first Russian Tsar, who ruled for 51 years /1533-1584/, and the reign of Empress Catherine II. the Great. She was in power for 3

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Vladimir, Rudakov. "Catherine the Great and the Memory of the Holy Prince Mikhail of Chernigov in the 18th Century." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 1 (February 1, 2022): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-1-237-246.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the historical memory of the Grand Duke Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov in the era of Empress Catherine II. During her reign, the relics of the saint were transferred to the Archangel Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin (1774), and that event coincided in time with the conclusion of the victorious for Russia Kuchuk-Kaynardzhiy peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire. But even later, the figure of the Grand Duke attracted the attention of Catherine II. In her “Notes on Russian History”, she adjusted the image of the Grand Duke, smoothing out those parts of his

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Andreeva, Tamara, Alexander Kozyrev, and Stela Bivol. "Long-Term Care for the Elderly and Persons With Disabilities in Saratov Region, Russia." Care Management Journals 7, no. 2 (2006): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/cmaj.7.2.92.

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In Russia, charity started developing into a public welfare system after the transition to Christianity. Peter the Great played an important role in establishing the social welfare system. According to his decree from June 8, 1701, “charity houses for beggars, sick people, and elderly” started their existence. During the reign of Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great, decrees about public welfare were approved at regional levels.

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Plavinskaia, Nadezda. "La fortune éditoriale du Nakaz de Catherine II en Europe du XVIIIe siècle." Diciottesimo Secolo 7 (November 18, 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ds-13185.

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The Instruction of Catherine II (the Nakaz, 1767) represented an original attempt of the Russian supreme power to introduce certain ideas of the European Enlightenment into the practice of national legislation. The ‘philosophical’ origins of the Nakaz, which incorporated broad borrowings from Western eighteenth-century thinkers, ensured the empress’s work a place among the most liberal texts of the Russian Enlightenment and promoted its spread beyond borders. In the last third of the XVIII century more than thirty editions of the Nakaz in several languages – German, English, French, Italian, D

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Lysenko, A. A., and V. G. Ivanov. "Comparative analysis of migration policy in Russia under the reigns of Catherine II and Alexander III." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 26 (2020): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.26.02.52.

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This article is devoted to the social and political development of the Russian Empire under Catherine II and Alexander III. The issue of migration policy and its relationship with the economic, demographic and social indicators of the country was the purpose of this comparative study. The authors also analyze the challenges of socialization and education of human resources during the analyzed historical periods. The achievement of the main goal of the research was accompanied by a number of difficulties associated with gaps in statistical data. It was especially true for the reign of Catherine

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Nogmanov, Aydar Ilsurovich. "Legislation of Catherine II on Islam and Muslims (to the 250th anniversary of the publication of the decree of 1773 on religious tolerance)." From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region 13, no. 4 (2023): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2023-13-4.35-48.

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The article is timed to a landmark event in the history of state-Islamic relations in Russia – the 250th anniversary of the decree of 1773 on religious tolerance. The author reveals the prerequisites of this legislative act, the chronology of legal decisions preceding it. The role of Catherine II in the formation of the policy of religious tolerance, which affected all religions on the territory of the Russian Empire, is shown. Special attention is paid to the changes in the life of the Volga Tatars, which occurred as a result of Islam acquiring the status of a tolerant religion. For cit

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Niqueux, Michel. "Le mythe de Novgorod dans la littérature russe." Slovo 20, no. 1 (1998): 129–40. https://doi.org/10.3406/slovo.1998.1139.

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Myth of Novgorod in Russian Literature Vadim, the legendary opponent to Rjurik, and Marfa Posadnitsa, the opponent to Ivan III, together with the institut of veče and his bell, form the myth of Novgorod, symbol of freedom. This paper retraces the image of Vadim in Russian literature (anti-Vadim trend with Catherine II, Plavil'shschikov, Kheraskov ; objective trand with Knjazhnin, positive with Decembrists) and of Marfa, leading with Karamzin. The myth of Novgorod takes a signifiant place in works and thinking of the Decembrists and the liberals in the forties-sixties, and actually disappears l

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Smilianskaia, Elena Borisovna. "Catherine II’s Anglophilia and Lord Cathcart’s “Extraordinary Embassy” in St. Petersburg, 1768–1772." Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography 12, no. 1 (2019): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102388-01201009.

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Looking at eighteenth-century relations between Russia and the West through the prism of diplomatic culture and rituals, this article concentrates on a “happy period” in Anglo-Russian contacts in 1768–1772, when Sir Charles Cathcart was dispatched to St. Petersburg to negotiate a treaty between the British and Russian Empires. The article argues that close relations between Great Britain and Russia at that time influenced ceremonial practices, individual contacts, and the transfer of the British culture to the Russian court. Study of the Cathcart’s archive points to the peculiar character of h

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Sklokin, Volodymyr. "Cossacks, Empire, and the Enlightenment: From Orientilization to Republican Reappropriation." ВИВЛIОθИКА: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies 10 (December 15, 2022): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.vivliofika.v10.1146.

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This article seeks to explore how Enlightenment narratives and categories framed the perception and image of the Zaporozhian Cossacks both in the imperial center and in the south-western periphery of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth century. It demonstrates that Catherine II deployed the discourse of civilizational mission to justify the disbandment of the Zaporozhian Cossack Host and the liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich. The historical works of Voltaire became an important source of inspiration for Catherine's orientalist image of the Ukrainian Cossacks, which gained wide currency

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Strzelczyk, Agata. "Wróg dla syna, matka dla wnuka – caryca Katarzyna II i jej relacje z synem i wnukiem." Studia Edukacyjne, no. 51 (December 15, 2018): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/se.2018.51.21.

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This article is about Russian Empress Catherine the Great, her relations with her son Paul and grandson Alexander and role that she played in their upbringings. When Paul, Catherine’s only legal son was born, he was taken from her by Empress Elizabeth. That – and the fact, that Paul blamed Catherine for the death of his father – resulted in the fact, that they never develops proper, familial relation. On the other hand, Catherine was very active and affectionate grandmother, primarily for her oldest grandson, Alexander. She wanted to raise him to become ideal enlightened monarch. She took care

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Sapchenko, Liubov A. "“I Kept No Silence...” (on the Peculiarities of N. M. Karamzin’s Civil Position)." Two centuries of the Russian classics 3, no. 4 (2021): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-4-6-23.

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The article examines the forms and methods of manifestation of Karamzin’s civic position. The novelty of the approach lies in the fact that the stated problem is considered in the context of the literary evolution of the writer, in chronological sequence, as well as in the aspect of addressing. The author analyzes odes dedicated to Russian rulers, “Historical praise to Catherine II”, historical essays, journalistic articles by Karamzin, “History of the Russian state”, a note “On ancient and new Russia...”, “Opinion of a Russian citizen”, as well as the historiographer’s direct oral and written

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Freller, Thomas. "IN SEARCH OF A MEDITERRANEAN BASE: THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN AND RUSSIA'S GREAT POWER PLANS DURING THE RULE OF TSAR PETER THE GREAT AND TSARINA CATHERINE II." Journal of Early Modern History 8, no. 1 (2004): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570065041268933.

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AbstractRossiya yest' yevropeyskaya derzhava ("Russia is a European power") was Tsarina Catherine II's credo and program, a logical continuation of the policy of Tsar Peter the Great. Malta and the Order of St. John played an important role in Catherine's plan: the island of the knights was to serve as a bridgehead for a permanent Russian presence in the Mediterranean. Already in 1698 Tsar Peter had sent delegations and diplomats to Hospitaller Malta to negotiate a Russo-Maltese alliance against the Ottomans. In the 1760s a Russian chargé d'affaires was installed in Malta and the famous fleet

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Занин, С. В. "Social Thought of Russia in the 18th Century: Notes on Research Methodology." Диалог со временем, no. 84(84) (October 16, 2023): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2023.84.84.001.

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Рассмотрен ряд подходов к изучению общественной мысли в России времени Петра Великого и Екатерины II, развитые в современной историографии, указаны ряд источников, прежде всего переводы сочинений европейских неостоиков (Слейдан, Липсий), сочинения Екатерины II, Н.И. Панина и Д.А. Голицына, прежде не привлекавших внимания отечественных исследователей. Установлено, что в эпоху Петра Великого русская общественная мысль находилась под влиянием гетерогенных по своему характеру политических концепций Западной Европы, что создавало возможности для различных интерпретаций учений неостоиков, Пуфендорфа

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SHURUKHNOV, N. G. "FEATURES OF THE MIGRATION POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE USING THE EXAMPLE OF TWO MANIFESTOS (1762, 1763) OF EMPRESS CATHERINE II." MOSCOW UNIVERSITY BULLETIN ON STATE AUDIT, no. 3, 2024 (2024): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu2413-631x-27-15-3-01.

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The provisions of two manifestos of Empress Catherine II (1762, 1763) on the provision of various benefits to foreign citizens moving to settle in the Russian Empire are given in the article. They covered the acquisition of land in any localities and cities of Russia, enrollment in various classes, living in colonies, farming, building churches and bell towers (except for monasteries), performing religious rites, organizing manufactories, plants, factories, selling unique goods without customs and border duties. Free departure from the empire subject to the transfer of a certain part of the pr

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Hrebtov, N. "On the Customs Border Chain of Catherine II: documentary evidence from the National Archive of the Karelia Republic and the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk Region." Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 2 (April 28, 2025): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2025-2-40-46.

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The paper is of an archaeographic nature and mainly includes the introduction into scientific circulation of new evidence on the organization of the customs service in the Russian North during the reign of Catherine II. Such materials include orders from Governor-General T.I. Tutolmin on the arrangement of outposts and the organization of guards on the border of Russia and Sweden; a description of the border and analytical notes on the arrangement of customs posts; a formular lists of employees of the Yushkozersk customs outpost; a statement on the presence of outposts and military personnel o

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Glazunova, Elizaveta E. "Pre-Revolutionary Historians About the Peasantry of the Catherine's Time: The Beginning of the Study of the Problem." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 2 (218) (June 23, 2023): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-2-72-77.

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The theme of the history of the peasantry in Russia under Catherine II began to be actively studied in Russian historiography from the middle of the 18th century. In the works of I.D. Belyaev and V.I. Semevsky the research was conducted in the light of historical social and economic analysis. Since the beginning of the 20th century in the works of V.O. Kluchevsky, V.A. Myakotin in the study of history of Russian public thought by G.V. Plekhanov, this approach has bin supplemented by analysis in the light of cultural-historical approach. Russian History course of V.O. Kluchevsky and work of G.V

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Saryaeva, Rayma G. "‘Undisputed and Eternal Hereditary Possession of Lands Assigned to the Colony of Sarepta’: On the Settlement of Herrnhut Brethren in Kalmyk Steppe." Oriental Studies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1209–27. https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-76-6-1209-1227.

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Introduction. Relocations of foreigners would be conducted by the Tsarist government under Catherine II, Paul I and Alexander I to populate steppes of South Russia, secure the latter from attacks launched by nomadic groups, and gain additional economic benefits from land use. Under Catherine II, another reason for inviting the former became the urgent need to populate the newly acquired lands — southern territories captured in the aftermath of the two Russo-Turkish wars, and some western domains obtained through the partitions of Poland. So, the Government tended to welcome foreign colonists e

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Mineeva, Elena, Alevtina Zykina, Aleksey Mineev, and Olga Dmitrieva. "Views of Representatives of the Academic School of Russia in the Second half of the 18th Century on the Future Generation of the Russian Intelligentsia: the Position of Teachers of the Russian School in the Projects of the Staff of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 12-4 (2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202112statyi119.

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In the history of the Russian intelligentsia there are still many controversial and poorly studied issues. One of the numerous groups of the intelligentsia in Russia has always been its pedagogical component. This independent social group, represented by teachers and teachers, began to form in the second half of the 18 th century, which became possible thanks to the educational reform of Catherine II. Initially, the Empress attracted a wide range of interested persons to discuss the future of Russian education. As a result, she received various proposals and projects on the establishment of a

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Artamonova, Ludmila M. "Heads of local authorities in central Russia from the regional reform of Peter I to the administrative transformations of Catherine II: “Local history” opus." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 22, no. 1 (2022): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2022-22-1-135-139.

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The review is devoted to the first monographic study about the leaders of the Vladimir province – an administrative unit incentral Russia,formed duringthe Petrinereforms and abolished under Catherine II. It was found that the book by L. A. Mogilnaya meets the criteria inherent in modern researching with the “local history” methodology. The book is also a serious contribution to the study of the history of local government and its leaders, traditional for Russian science, and an example for carrying out similar works in other regions.

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Boltaevskii, Andrei Andreevich. "“There should be a single law to define what a city is”: a review of the monograph by A. V. Belova "Reform of the City of Catherine II (based on materials from the provinces of Central Russia). M.-SPb .: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives, 2019, 613 p." Архитектура и дизайн, no. 2 (February 2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2019.2.32159.

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The subject of this article is a monographic research of the Senior Scientific Associate of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. V. Belova, which is focused on the large-scale transformations that took place in urban life of the Russian Empire during the reign of Catherine II. The author of the monograph seeks to characterize the reforms based on the example of four provinces of Central Russia: Moscow, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, and Kaluga. This work vastly uses published and unpublished sources, as well as a significant array of research literature. The peer-review

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Tretyakova, Marina V. "Project about medals by Francesco Algarotti." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 22, no. 1 (2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2022-22-1-50-56.

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The article discussesthe project aboutthemedals ofFrancesco Algarotti. In his «Essay on RussianHistory inMedals», Algarotti proposed to perpetuate important events in the history of Russia in medals, thus noting the periods of the reign of Peter I, Anna Ioannovna, Elizabeth Petrovna, Catherine II. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Algarotti’s essay contributed to the creation of an objective image of Russia in the eyes of the enlightened part of Europeans and strengthened the prestige of Russia as a power.

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BERELOWITCH, WLADIMIR. "Francophonie in Russia under Catherine II: General Reflections and Individual Cases." Russian Review 74, no. 1 (2015): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/russ.10755.

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Лабутина, Т. Л. "“WOMEN OF CATHERINE'S RUSSIA THROUGH THE EYES OF BRITISH DIPLOMATS”." Британские исследования, no. VII(VII) (June 1, 2022): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.vii.vii.004.

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В рамках востребованного в последние годы в отечественной науке направления (исторической имагологии) автор анализирует взгляды британских послов при дворе Екатерины II на женщин-аристократок. Указанная проблема прежде не являлась предметом специального исследования в исторической науке. Опираясь на дипломатическую переписку дипломатов с госсекретарем Великобритании, а также их мемуары, в статье изучаются их высказывания об императрице и ее ближайшей сподвижнице княгине Е.Р. Дашковой. Выясняется, что послы обращали внимание исключительно на представительниц высших слоев российского общества не

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Artamonova, L. M. "Saratov teacher A. I. shestakov as the first Professional Director of Public schools in Russia and his socioeducational Views at the End of the XVIII and in the Beginning of the XIX Century." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 16, no. 2 (2012): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2016-16-2-211-217.

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The article shows that Saratov teacher Shestakov played an important role in the development of school education in Russia in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries. He has done much to improve the social status of a teacher. Shestakov became the first professional teacher, who was appointed principal of public schools in one of the Russian provinces. As for his public and pedagogical views, he was the supporter of class education and objected to the liberal orientation of school reforms of Catherine II and Alexander I.

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Filimonov, D. A. "Transformation of the highest political elite in Russia after Peter the Great in the process of “palace coups”." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 8 (September 30, 2022): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-8-188-195.

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The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the highest political elite of the Russian Empire after the death of Peter the Great. This is one of the most difficult and dramatic periods in Russian history, called the era of “palace coups”. The main properties of the Russian political elite formed by the reforms of Peter the Great are analyzed, its main features are determined that influenced the nature of the intra-elite struggle and led to the transformation of the highest political elite in Russia. The composition and goals of the main court groups that fought for power under

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