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Books on the topic 'Catheter care'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Brimelow, Susan J. Catheter care audit: A strategy for change. [Edinburgh]: Scottish Office, 1994.

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2

Ervin, Gary W. Memory bank for hemodynamic mointoring: The pulmonary artery catheter. 2nd ed. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1993.

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3

Roe, Brenda. A study of the procedures for catheter care recommended by district health authorities and schools of nursing. Guildford: University of Surrey, Nursing Practice Research Unit, 1986.

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4

Roe, Brenda. A study of the procedures for catheter care recommended by district health authorities and schools of nursing. Guildford: Nursing Practice Research Unit, University of Surrey, 1986.

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5

Forum, Leukaemia and Bone Marrow Transplant Nursing. Skin tunnelled catheters: Guidelines for care. 2nd ed. Harrow, Middlesex: Scutari Projects, for The Royal College of Nursing, 1995.

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6

Leukaemia and Bone Marrow Transplant Nursing Forum. Skin tunnelled catheters: Guidelines for care. London: Royal College of Nursing, 1992.

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7

Dougherty, Lisa. Central venous access devices: Care and management. Oxford: Blackwell Pub., 2005.

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8

Inter-Provincial Workshop on Patient Care and Drug Delivery (1987 Hamilton, Ont.). New concepts in drug delivery: Three shared experiences : proceedings of an Inter-Provincial Workshop on Patient Care and Drug Delivery : Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, October 1987. Montreal: Medicöpea, 1988.

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9

National Institutes of Health (U.S.), ed. Foley catheter care. [Bethesda, Md.?: National Institutes of Health, 1986.

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10

National Institutes of Health (U.S.), ed. Foley catheter care. [Bethesda, Md.?: National Institutes of Health, 1986.

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11

Roe, Brenda H. CATHETER CARE AND PATIENT TEACHING. 1989.

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12

Nephrostomy tube, care/supra pubic catheter. [Bethesda, Md.?: National Institutes of Health, 1986.

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13

National Institutes of Health (U.S.), ed. Nephrostomy tube, care/supra pubic catheter. [Bethesda, Md.?: National Institutes of Health, 1986.

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14

Group, Patient Education, ed. Care of a skin-tunnelled catheter. London: Royal Marsden Hospital, 1985.

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15

Care of a skin-tunnelled catheter. London: Royal Marsden Hospital, 1985.

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16

P, Cruickshank Jeremy, and Woodward Sue, eds. Management of continence and urinary catheter care: BJN monograph. Dinton, Wilts: Quay Books, 2001.

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17

P, O'Grady Naomi, and Pittet Didier 1957-, eds. Catheter-related infections in the critically ill. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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18

Claude, Perret, ed. The pulmonary artery catheter in critical care: A concise handbook. Paris: Arnette-Blackwell, 1996.

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19

Perret, Claude, Damian Tagan, and Damien Tagan. The Pulmonary Artery Catheter In Critical Care: A Concise Handbook. Lifeway Christian Resources, 1996.

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20

Hochman, Michael E. Reducing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit. Edited by SreyRam Kuy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0015.

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This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study known as the Keystone ICU Project. Can rates of catheter-related bloodstream infections be reduced by implementing a safety initiative involving five simple infection-control measures by intensive care unit (ICU) staff? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case on reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU.
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21

Patel, Mikin V., and Steven Zangan. Minimally Invasive Repair of Azygos Catheter Migration. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0041.

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Central venous catheters are frequently placed to facilitate the care of patients with multiple conditions, often via jugular approach. Occasionally, the catheter tip can migrate after placement and become positioned within the azygos arch. This abnormal catheter positioning can lead to an increased number of complications, including catheter malfunction, thrombosis, or even rupture of the azygos vein requiring surgical intervention. Although invasive repositioning of the catheter is always an option, minimally invasive options can be attempted to repair azygos catheter malposition. Fortunately, noninvasive maneuvers, including manipulation of the port on the skin and patient breathing instructions, can sometimes repair the malpositioned catheter.
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22

(Editor), Jeremy Cruickshank, Martyn Bradbury (Editor), and Stephen W. Ashurst (Editor), eds. Management of Continence and Urinary Catheter Care (British Journal of Nursing (BJN) Monograph). Quay Books,a division of Mark Allen Publishing Ltd, 2001.

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23

(Editor), Naomi P. O'Grady, and Didier Pittet (Editor), eds. Catheter-Related Infections In The Critically III (Perspectives on Critical Care Infectious Diseases). Springer, 2004.

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24

Paul, Richard. Ultrasound-guided vascular access in intensive/acute cardiac care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0021.

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Vascular access is an essential requirement for the care of the critically ill cardiac patient, being necessary for drug and fluid delivery and monitoring of a patient’s haemodynamic response to an instigated therapy. The most common vascular access procedures conducted in the acute cardiac care unit are central venous and peripheral venous access, and arterial cannulation. Traditional landmark methods are associated with complication rates, ranging from 18 to 40%, depending on the site of access. The use of ultrasound to guide venous and arterial access has been shown to reduce the incidence of complications, such as inadvertent arterial puncture and pneumothorax formation (venous) and posterior wall puncture (arterial), to reduce the time taken and number of attempts to place a catheter, and to reduce the incidence of complete failure to insert a vascular access device. Since 2002, international consensus groups have published recommendations that two-dimensional ultrasound guidance be the preferred method for elective and emergency internal jugular catheter insertion. This chapter explores the evidence for the use of ultrasound to guide vascular access across multiple sites of insertion and describes the basic equipment and techniques necessary for successful deployment.
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25

Patel, Bela, and Eric J. Thomas. Telemedicine in critical care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0012.

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The majority of critically-ill patients are admitted to hospitals that do not have physician intensivist coverage, despite strong evidence that clinical outcomes are improved with intensivist staffing. Telemedicine can leverage clinical resources by providing critical care expertise to patients in intensive care units (ICUs) by off-site clinicians using video, audio, and electronic links. In the past 10 years, telemedicine in critical care has seen tremendous growth in the number of ICU patients being supported by this care model across the USA. The impact of ICU telemedicine coverage has been studied rigorously only in a few studies and the outcomes have been mixed and inconsistent. Telemedicine has been shown in some studies to improve adherence to ICU best practices for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis, stress ulcers, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-related bloodstream infections. Further research in ICU telemedicine is required to understand the variability of outcomes among the telemedicine programmes studied and to effectively implement the technology to consistently improve outcomes and reduce costs in the critical care environment.
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26

G, Maki Dennis, ed. Improving catheter site care: Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by Smith & Nephew Medical, held inLondon on 9 March 1991. Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1991.

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27

G, Maki Dennis, and Smith & Nephew Medical, eds. Improving catheter site care: Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by Smith & Nephew Medical, held in London on 9 March 1991. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1991.

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28

Barthélémy, Romain, Etienne Gayat, and Alexandre Mebazaa. Pathophysiology and clinical assessment of the cardiovascular system (including pulmonary artery catheter). Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0014.

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Haemodynamic instability in acute cardiac care may be related to various mechanisms, including hypovolaemia and heart and/or vascular dysfunction. Although acute heart failure patients are often admitted for dyspnoea, many mechanisms can be involved, including left ventricular diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction and/or right ventricular dysfunction. Many epidemiological studies show that clinical signs at admission, morbidity, and mortality differ between the main scenarios of acute heart failure: left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction, and cardiogenic shock. Although echocardiography often helps to assess the mechanism of cardiac dysfunction, it cannot be considered as a monitoring tool. In some cases (in particular, in cases of refractory shock secondary to both vascular and heart dysfunction or in cases of refractory haemodynamic instability associated with severe hypoxaemia), pulmonary artery catheter can help to assess and monitor cardiovascular status and to evaluate response to treatments. Last, macro- and microvascular dysfunctions are also important determinants of haemodynamic instability.
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29

Norris, Marion. Patients' perceptions of how to care for their in-dwelling urethral catheter, plus obtaining further supplies and help: An investigative study. 1990.

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30

Bayston, Roger. Hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0003.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for the majority of hospital-acquired infections (HAI), and most of these occur in catheterized patients. However, for most the presence of bacteria in the urine (bacteriuria) is asymptomatic, yet in many institutional and national surveillance studies it is still attributed as ‘infection’. Although guidance is that only symptomatic UTI should be treated, except in pregnancy, bacteriuria in catheterized patients is frequently overinvestigated and antibiotics overused. Most infections are caused by enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli, but other bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis and staphylococci are more prominent in HAI. Aseptic technique for catheter insertion and during subsequent catheter care together with minimizing catheter duration are very important to prevent catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI). Prophylactic antibiotics should be avoided. National and international action to adopt evidence-based consensus protocols for management of catheterized patients and judicial use of antimicrobial chemotherapy promise to be of greatest benefit.
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31

Aboumerhi, Hassan, and Tariq M. Malik. Interscalene Catheters: Complications and Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0044.

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About 4.5 million people visit physicians for shoulder pain every year. Most shoulder surgeries are performed in an ambulatory setting and pain control can be problematic during the recovery period. Continuous interscalene block, which is quite effective for postprocedural pain relief, is not risk free. Some postprocedure concerns can be resolved easily over the phone, but others require additional examination, imaging, or even surgical intervention. Effective and safe management of a brachial plexus catheter requires a complete perioperative plan, open communication with the patient and family, and recognition and early treatment of complications. Also needed is a good working relationship between nurses, anesthesia care givers, and orthopedic surgeons.
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32

Long, Sylvia, and Gary W. Ervin. Memory Bank for Hemodynamic Monitoring: The Pulmonary Artery Catheter (The Jones and Bartlett Memory Bank) (The Jones and Bartlett Memory Bank). 2nd ed. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 1993.

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33

Patel, Mikin V., and Steven Zangan. Drainage of the Multiloculated Collection. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0099.

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Percutaneous drainage of an abscess is the standard of care and significantly improves patient outcomes. Typically, either trocar or Seldinger technique is used to access the abscess under ultrasound or computed tomography guidance. Pre-procedural planning is the most important step of the procedure, with the goal of using a safe, direct, short route to the collection. Vital anatomic structures such as sizeable arteries, solid organs (with a few exceptions), or a hollow viscus such as the stomach or colon should be avoided. Placement of a drain must balance effective positioning with a safe anatomic window for access. A multiloculated collection presents a special challenge because only one safe catheter approach may be available. In these cases, catheters with multiple side holes or multiple loops can be used to access the separate isolated components. Tissue plasminogen can also be utilized to break down the loculations and improve drainage.
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34

Thorne, Sara, and Sarah Bowater. Cardiac catheterization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759959.003.0005.

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The purpose of cardiac catheterization in patients with congenital heart disease is to gain information about complex anatomy and haemodynamics, especially with respect to pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance. This chapter outlines indications for cardiac catheterization, precatheterization care, normal values and calculations, and catheter interventions in ACHD.
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35

Zingg, Walter, and Stephan Harbarth. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of device-related infection in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0288.

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Many patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) suffer from health care-associated infections. Age, immunosuppression, neutropenia, or multi-organ failure are preconditions, but health care-associated infections are largely related to the use of medical devices. Breaches of aseptic technique are the most important risk factor. Central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections represent up to 75% of all health care-associated infections in the ICU. Ease of diagnosis and effective prevention strategies make the central line-associated bloodstream infection a model of how to diagnose, treat, and prevent health care-associated infections. Identification of ventilator-associated pneumonia is less straightforward and suffers from inconsistent definitions, making surveillance and benchmarking difficult. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is underestimated in the ICU because clinical signs cannot be assessed in sedated patients. Antibiotic overuse in the ICU selects for multidrug-resistant micro-organisms and thus, broad-spectrum antibiotics must be used to offer empiric treatment of health care-associated infections. Accurate microbiology testing aiming at isolating causative micro-organisms is key to de-escalate antibiotic therapy. Health care-associated infections are preventable, many factors. Successful prevention programmes offer a comprehensive protocol, follow a multidisciplinary approach in preparation, and a multimodal training and education programme in implementation.
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36

Fye, W. Bruce. Coronary Angiography. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0014.

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Coronary angiography, injecting radiopaque contrast into the coronary arteries through a catheter, transformed the care of millions of patients and the careers of tens of thousands of cardiologists. As was typical of new diagnostic techniques, coronary angiography was the result of a series of technological innovations combined with contributions that many individuals had made over several years. But Mason Sones Jr. of the Cleveland Clinic was the main innovator and promoter of coronary angiography, which he described in a 1960 publication. At the time, there was no accepted surgical treatment for coronary heart disease, so very few cardiologists saw the need to refer their patients for this invasive catheter-based procedure. Sones and his colleagues at the Cleveland Clinic became tireless promoters of coronary angiography and of the Vineberg internal mammary artery implant operation as a treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease and angina pectoris.
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37

Kahn, S. Lowell. Flip Techniques: Obtaining Antegrade and Retrograde Femoral Access Through a Single Access Site. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0024.

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Retrograde access of the common femoral artery for ipsilateral iliac and up-and-over contralateral iliac-to-tibial interventions has been the standard of care for lower extremity procedures. However, ipsilateral antegrade access has gained popularity for infrainguinal occlusive disease. Proximity of the access site to the point of occlusion confers a higher technical success rate. Interestingly, there are times where conversion of a single femoral access from retrograde to antegrade or antegrade to retrograde may be desired. Three techniques are reviewed in this chapter: the first technique involves using a reverse curve catheter in conjunction with a Glidewire. The second technique is a “rebound” method whereby a Fogarty catheter is inflated just beyond the tip of a retrograde sheath to deflect a side-by-side Glidewire in the opposite direction. The third technique describes converting an antegrade sheath back to retrograde using a “buddy wire.”
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38

Heidbuchel, Hein, Mattias Duytschaever, and Haran Burri. Catheter bumps can teach. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766377.003.0070.

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39

Bloos, Frank, and Konrad Reinhart. Mixed and central venous oxygen saturation monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0134.

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Haemodynamic resuscitation should target goals that reflect the tissue oxygen needs of an individual patient. Venous oximetry may be such a tool. Oxygen saturation of blood in the pulmonary artery contains venous blood from the whole body and is referred to as mixed oxygen saturation (SvO2). Measurement of oxygen saturation in blood obtained from a central venous catheter is referred to as central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2). Both values are not identical since a catheter placed into the superior vena cava only represents venous blood draining the upper body. While it is not possible, in the clinical setting, to predict SvO2 from ScvO2, changes in SvO2 are adequately mirrored by changes in ScvO2. Post-operative patients and patients admitted to intensive care with a low ScvO2 show a higher morbidity and mortality. Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) combines several haemodynamic goals into a treatment algorithm, including a ScvO2 target. However, recent studies do not support the systematic use of this protocolized approach. A normal value of SvO2 or ScvO2 saturation does not always exclude tissue hypoxia, since it is not possible to identify an inadequate oxygen supply in single organs. A further limitation of this technique is that organ dysfunction can progress, or serum lactate increases, despite normal or even increased venous oximetry values.
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40

Adam, Sheila, Sue Osborne, and John Welch. Gastrointestinal problems and nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696260.003.0009.

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The chapter includes the background gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and pathophysiology commonly seen in critical care, including the immune functions of the gut. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding, the acute abdomen, liver failure and dysfunction, liver support systems and transplantation, and the management of acute pancreatitis are covered. Physical examination techniques, diagnostic information, and history are reviewed. The rationale for the importance of nutritional support in critical care, the techniques and complications of enteral feeding tube placement , the types of parenteral intravenous (IV) access, including peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines, and the monitoring of delivery of enteral and parenteral nutrition are detailed. The complications associated with enteral tube placement and management and parenteral intravenous access and management are also included.
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41

Staff, RETAC. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Practical Atlas with Illustrative Cases. Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2002.

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42

Bauerle, Jessica, and Mieke A. Soens. Prevention and management of breakthrough pain during neuraxial labour analgesia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0019.

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While neuraxial analgesia is considered the gold standard for labour analgesia, breakthrough pain can occur and can significantly impair maternal satisfaction. The early identification of breakthrough pain, for example, during epidural delivery suite rounds, is not only important for adequate maternal analgesia, but also in anticipation of using the epidural catheter for other potential obstetric interventions. Identifying patients at high risk for experiencing breakthrough pain enables the anaesthesia provider to adjust their anaesthetic plan. In case breakthrough pain does occur, it should be managed promptly and aggressively, with the goal to restore adequate analgesia within a maximum of 60 minutes. This chapter reviews potential causes of breakthrough pain and strategies that can be used to prevent problems and rescue poorly functioning catheters. Results of rescue interventions should be assessed in a timely fashion and the epidural catheter should be replaced if satisfactory analgesia is not obtained.
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43

Mitchell, Andrew, Giovanni Luigi De Maria, and Adrian Banning, eds. Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198705642.001.0001.

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Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography are both key components to routine cardiology practice. This new edition of Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention has been fully updated since the first edition, with new sections on primary percutaneous coronary intervention, trends in vascular access, bioabsorbable stents, optical coherence tomography, and more. Filled with over 150 clinical images and schematic illustrations, the handbook is an accessible ‘how-to’ guide, designed to demystify complex cardiac catheterization investigations. Expanded to reflect developments in practice, this new edition also introduces a new chapter on the multidisciplinary team and their roles and responsibilities from pre- to post-procedural care and relevant training requirements. It contains detailed instructions on how to perform a comprehensive left and right heart catheterization procedure, choosing the correct catheter for coronary and graft angiography, and how to perform a diagnostic coronary angiogram and interpret the subsequent findings.
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44

Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Oliguria and anuria. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0056.

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Oliguria can be caused by any factor that affects renal function, or the free passage of urine down the urinary tract. Complete anuria most commonly occurs in men as a consequence of bladder outlet obstruction from an enlarged prostate. It can also arise in patients who have a single functioning kidney which then becomes obstructed or loses its vascular supply. Oliguria occurs commonly in hospitalized patients, is usually secondary to impaired renal perfusion, and is often predictable. The elderly and more unwell patients, for example, those in critical care settings, are most at risk. The presence of oliguria tends to reflect the severity of the underlying disease processes. The commonest cause of complete anuria is bladder outflow obstruction from an enlarged prostate. This may be precipitated by prostatitis or constipation in a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy. In catheterized patients, a blocked catheter must be excluded.
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45

Grant, Stuart A., and David B. Auyong. Basic Principles of Ultrasound Guided Nerve Block. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190231804.003.0001.

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This chapter provides a clinical description of ultrasound physics tailored to provide the practitioner a solid background for optimal imaging and needle guidance technique during regional anesthesia. Important ultrasound characteristics are covered, including optimization of ultrasound images, transducer selection, and features found on most point-of-care systems. In-plane and out-of-plane needle guidance techniques and a three-step process for visualizing in-plane needle insertions are presented. Next, common artifacts and errors including attenuation, dropout, and intraneural injection are covered, along with clinical solutions to overcome these inaccuracies. Preparation details are reviewed to make the regional anesthesia procedures as reproducible and safe as possible. Also included are a practical review of peripheral nerve block catheter placement principles, an appendix listing what blocks may be used for what surgeries, and seven Keys to Ultrasound Success that can make ultrasound guided regional anesthesia understandable and clinically feasible for all practitioners.
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46

Dougherty, Lisa. Central Venous Access Devices: Care and Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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47

Cohn, Stephan, and P. Allan Klock. Operating Room Fires and Electrical Safety. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0018.

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Understanding electrical systems and fire safety protocols in the operating room is fundamental to patient and staff safety. Modern operating rooms are designed to reduce the risk of electrical hazards. Line isolation transformers were developed in the era of explosive anesthetics to reduce the risk of sparks and macro-shock. Isolated electrical supplies are still used in operating rooms because they allow surgery to continue while the line isolation alarm is activated and the source of the fault is investigated and deactivated. Ground fault circuit breaker interrupters may also be used in operating rooms, but if a fault is detected, they will deactivate the electrical circuit, which may be disruptive to surgical or anesthetic care. Micro-shock occurs when a small amount of current is delivered directly to the myocardium via an indwelling catheter or pacing wire. Operating room fires, though relatively rare, can cause devastating patient injury but are largely preventable.
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48

Afreen, Samina, Hector R. Wong, and Marian G. Michaels. Infections in the Intensive Care Unit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0015.

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Infections are a frequent problem for children cared for in the intensive care setting. The child can have a primary infectious condition that is severe enough to require hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU). Alternatively once in the ICU setting children are at risk for nosocomial infections due to a need for catheters that breech the cutaneous barriers, mechanical ventilation and exposures to blood products. Finally, many children sick enough to be in an intensive care setting have underlying immune deficiencies which put that at increased risk. This chapter reviews some of the major underlying infections that lead to intensive care stays as well as the major nosocomial infections which can plague our patients.
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49

Dougherty, Lisa. Central Venous Access Devices: Care and Management (Essential Clinical Skills for Nurses). Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2007.

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50

Christine, Roffe. Stroke care: what is in the black box? Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689644.003.0014.

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Key points• Most improvements in stroke care to date have been driven by research.• Immediate access to advanced imaging allows fast decision making, is cost-effective, and improves outcome.• Hyperacute interventions for acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke can prevent permanent brain damage and reduce disability.• Strokes and stroke complications do not just happen during working hours: 24/7 working is essential for effective stroke management.• High quality nursing care is essential and has been shown to have a major impact on survival.• Pneumonia is the most common post-stroke complication, and can be prevented by early swallow assessment.• Urinary catheters are associated with infections and should be avoided.• Foot pumps reduce thromboembolism and save lives.
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