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Journal articles on the topic 'Cathode processes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Brenneis, Willa, Qingsong Liu, Jeffrey J. Richards, and Jeffrey Lopez. "Advancing Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing Sustainability through Microstructural Analysis of Composite Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 67 (2024): 4407. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674407mtgabs.

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To accelerate electric vehicle (EV) adoption and mitigate transportation emissions, lithium-ion battery (LIB) energy density and rate capability must be improved, advancing EV range and charging speed, respectively. The composite cathode is a major driver of these performance metrics, as its microstructure governs the flow of ions and electrons.1 Intentionally engineering cathode microstructure for efficient ionic transport will enable fast charging, thick cathodes for increased cell energy density. Here, while focusing our efforts on cathode design, we have the opportunity to prioritize susta

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2

Bhuyan, Md Sajibul Alam, and Hosop Shin. "Fundamental Insights into the Effectiveness of Cathode Regeneration." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (2022): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272568mtgabs.

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The volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is expected to increase rapidly over the coming decade. Consequently, it is of great interest to recycle and reuse cathode materials due to their high value in LIBs. Direct cathode recycling, which aims to regenerate cathode materials without destroying their original functional structures, could potentially maximize the return value from end-of-life LIBs compared to pyrometallurgical- and hydrometallurgical-based recycling processes. Here, we fundamentally investigate the effectiveness of cathode regeneration by regenerating chemically-de

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Brenneis, Willa, Qingsong Liu, Jeffrey J. Richards, and Jeffrey Lopez. "Microstructural Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes Toward Improved Manufacturing Sustainability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 1 (2024): 54. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02154mtgabs.

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Improvement of lithium-ion battery (LIB) energy density is necessary to increase adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and curb transportation emissions. Within the LIB, the cathode structure controls the flow of ions and electrons, and thus is a major driver of battery performance.1 Intentional design of LIB cathodes for facile ionic transport will enable rapid charging of thick cathodes for increased cell energy density. Here, we have the opportunity to prioritize sustainability by reimagining traditional cathode manufacturing processes in tandem with advancing understanding of cathode microst

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Park, Hyeokjun. "Recent Progress on Synthetic Design for Cathode Materials of Lithium Ion Batteries Aided by Advanced Multi-Scale Analysis." Ceramist 28, no. 2 (2025): 168–80. https://doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2025.00164.

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The development of cathode materials with high energy density and low cost is becoming increasingly critical to meet the expanding demands of the lithium-ion battery market. Since the structure and electrochemical properties of cathode materials are highly sensitive to synthesis conditions, precise control and rational design of synthesis processes are essential for their practical applications. However, mechanistic understanding of synthesis reactions has been limited, largely due to the hierarchically complex architecture of secondary particle-based cathodes and the challenges associated wit

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Kravchenko, Kristina, and Gennady Tulsky. "INFLUENCE OF CATHODE MATERIAL ON COMBINED CATHODE PROCESSES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF IRON(II) SULPHATE." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 4(14) (December 28, 2022): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2022.04.11.

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Sulfuric acid is present in many enterprises for metal processing and manufacturing of metal parts. Existing methods of regeneration of spent solutions are not effective, in particular, spent sulfate solutions are neutralized with lye or waste from other industries containing solid carbonates and hydroxides. At the same time, sulfate waste is formed, which requires disposal at special landfills. Electrochemical regeneration of spent solutions of sulfate-acid treatment of steel solves the problem of disposal of such spent sulfate solutions with the inclusion of iron sulfates. The kinetics of co

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BRATANOVSKII, Sergei, Yerdos AMANKULOV, and Ilya MEDVEDEV. "MULTI-POINTED FIELD-EMISSION CATHODE AS A GENERATOR OF HIGHFREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 36 (2020): 542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.557_periodico36_pgs_542_553.pdf.

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Semiconductor field-emission cathodes have gained considerable popularity in modern radio electronics and electronic optics due to the high-power generation of the electron beam in the external electric field at temperatures close to the room ones. However, their wide application is restricted by the high dependence of the electron emission current on the value of the applied field and geometrical parameters of the cathode. This study aimed to examine the effect of resonance processes on amplifying the field emission of the multi-pointed semiconductor cathode. Modeling the behavior of resonant

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7

Allen, Eva Michelle, Jessica Macholz, Feng Wang, et al. "(Invited) Three-Dimensional Quantification of Chemical Heterogeneity in Lithium-Ion Cathodes for Synthesis and Direct Recycling." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 8 (2025): 840. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-018840mtgabs.

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The evolution of chemical phenomena induced by high-temperature cathode synthesis significantly impacts cathode performance and stability. Reliable methods to measure and quantify heterogeneous elemental and oxidation states within battery cathodes are essential to ensure that process conditions yield the desired architectures. In this talk, we present two investigations where nondestructive three-dimensional transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) was employed to examine cathodes synthesized with full compositional gradients (FCG) for surface and structural stabilization, as well as direct recycl

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8

Wang, Yita, and Boyou Lin. "Enhancement of performance for graphite felt modified with carbon nanotubes activated by KOH as Cathode in electro-fenton systems." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 19 (January 2021): 228080002110053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22808000211005386.

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The electro-Fenton (EF) process is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Graphite felt is widely used as an cathode material for the EF process, and its performance can be improved by surface modification. Active carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) have more oxygen-containing functional groups and better electrochemical properties compared to Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this study, graphite felt was used as the substrate, and composite cathodes were prepared by surface treatment using MWCNT, graphene, and ACNTs. Rhodamine B (RhB) dye decolorization tests were then conducted to inve

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Obenlüneschloß, Jorit, Rajesh Pathak, Anil U. Mane, Jeffrey W. Elam, and Anjana Devi. "New ALD ZnO Precursors and Processes for Protective Coatings on Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 29 (2023): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02291480mtgabs.

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The ever-increasing demand for Li-ion batteries commands their performance to increase while at the same time size and mass to decrease. One promising cathode material to achieve this is the Ni-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1, (NMC811), a high-capacity layered oxide cathode material. However, NMC811 suffers from capacity fading during electrochemical cycling of the cells. This phenomenon is connected to the dissolution of the active transition metal ions in the cathodes, phase changes and to side reactions happening at the interface of the cathode and the electrolyte or with formed HF but remains poorl

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10

Kulentsan, Anton L., Dmitriy A. Shutov, and Vladimir V. Rybkin. "IMPACT OF TRANSFER PROCESSES OF LIQIUD CATHODE COMPONENTS ON PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DC DISCHARGE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 6 (2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017606.5566.

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Experimental data on glow discharge parameters of atmospheric pressure in air with cathodes from distilled water and water containing ions of potassium, sodium and copper (II) are obtained. Chlorides of the corresponding salts were used. The current range was 20-60 mA, and the solution concentrations were -0.1-0.4 mol/l. The cathode drops of the potential and the electric fields in the plasma are determined by the mobile anode method. With emission spectroscopy by modeling the unresolved rotational structure of the emission bands of the second positive system of nitrogen molecules, gas tempera

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Yue, Guanghui, Zheyu Hong, Yongji Xia, Tianlun Yang, and Yuanhui Wu. "Bifunctional Electrocatalysts Materials for Non-Aqueous Li–Air Batteries." Coatings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081227.

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Rechargeable lithium–air batteries (LABs), particularly the nonaqueous form, are demonstrated as the next-generation energy conversion and storage equipment for many applications. The air cathode has been certified as one of the critical aspects to affect the full performance of the LABs. At present, the main challenge for the commercial application of air cathode is to exploit some new cathode catalysts with lower prices, higher efficiency, and better stability. In the last decade, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developing new structure design and fabrication processes of the catho

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Trevelyan, Jessica Elizabeth, Clare P. Grey, and Michael F. L. De Volder. "Phosphate Electrolyte Additives to Stabilise Nickel-Rich Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 3 (2025): 407. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-013407mtgabs.

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Nickel-rich layered transition metal oxides promise higher energy densities, lower costs and improved sustainability as cathodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, such cathodes promote degradation and capacity fade. Charging to high voltages triggers a cascade of degradation processes, including electrolyte decomposition, transition metal dissolution, SEI damage, and a loss of lithium inventory. This degradation begins with the oxidation of the electrolyte solvent ethylene carbonate (EC). The oxidation of EC may be prevented by the formation of a protective film on the surface of the c

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Lv, Long, Siqi Zhou, Changqi Liu, et al. "Recycling and Reuse of Spent LIBs: Technological Advances and Future Directions." Molecules 29, no. 13 (2024): 3161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133161.

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Recovering valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a kind of solid waste with high pollution and high-value potential, is very important. In recent years, the extraction of valuable metals from the cathodes of spent LIBs and cathode regeneration technology are still rapidly developing (such as flash Joule heating technology to regenerate cathodes). This review summarized the studies published in the recent ten years to catch the rapid pace of development in this field. The development, structure, and working principle of LIBs were firstly introduced. Subsequently, the recent d

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Gratz, Eric. "(Invited) Benefits of the Hydro to Cathode^TMLi-Ion Battery Recycling Method." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 5 (2022): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-015592mtgabs.

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Battery Resourcers’ (BRs) patented Hydro to CathodeTM recycling process can accept any lithium ion battery, regardless of size, shape, or chemistry, and recover commercial quality NMC cathode powder. The reason cathode powder must be recovered for sustainable/profitable recycling is it accounts for >50% of the batteries material value. Traditional recycling process only recover the metal value which is 30% of the batteries material value. The cathode powder has been independently tested by variety of labs. NMC111, NMC 532, NMC 622 and NMC 811 have been produced to commercial quality. The Hy

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15

Anfinogentov, Vasilij, and Aleksandr Hramov. "Investigation of oscillations of electron beam with virtual cathode in vircator and virtod." Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 7, no. 2-3 (1999): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-1999-7-2-33-55.

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Nonlinear dynamics of the electron beam with virtual cathode in the vacuum drift tube is investigated with the aid of nmumerical simulation. Deterministic nature of the complex virtual cathode oscillations is demonstrated. It is proved, that one of the mechanisms of the chaotic dynamics origin is connected with nonlinear interaction between forming structures in the eleciron beam (virtual cathodes). Inner structures in the beam are analyzed by the orthogonal decomposition by Karunen — Loeve method and the wavelet transform method. Effect of external delay feedback (virtod scheme) processes of

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16

Purwanto, Agus, Muhammad Nur Ikhsanudin, Putri Putih Puspa Asri, et al. "The Optimization of Nickel-Rich Cathode-Material Production on a Pilot Plant Scale." Processes 12, no. 4 (2024): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12040685.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remain the cornerstone of EV technology due to their exceptional energy density. The selection of cathode materials is a decisive factor in LIB technology, profoundly influencing performance, energy density, and lifespan. Among these materials, nickel-rich NCM cathodes have gained significant attention due to their high specific capacity and cost-effectiveness, making them a preferred choice for EV energy storage. However, the transition from the laboratory-scale to industrial-scale production of NMC-811 cathode material presents challenges, particularly in optimiz

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Pavlovskii, Alexander A., Konstantin Pushnitsa, Alexandra Kosenko, Pavel Novikov, and Anatoliy A. Popovich. "A Minireview on the Regeneration of NCM Cathode Material Directly from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Cathode Chemistries." Inorganics 10, no. 9 (2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10090141.

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Research on the regeneration of cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries for resource reclamation and environmental protection is attracting more and more attention today. However, the majority of studies on recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) placed the emphasis only on recovering target metals, such as Co, Ni, and Li, from the cathode materials, or how to recycle spent LIBs by conventional means. Effective reclamation strategies (e.g., pyrometallurgical technologies, hydrometallurgy techniques, and biological strategies) have been used in research on recycling used LIBs. Neverthel

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18

Yusop, Umira Asyikin, Hamimah Abdul Rahman, Suraya Irdina Abdullah, and Dedikarni Panuh. "Effect of Milling Process and Calcination Temperature on the Properties of BSCF-SDC Composite Cathode." Key Engineering Materials 791 (November 2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.791.74.

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The ionic conductivity, super conductivity, ferroelectricity, and magnetic resistance of barium strontium cobalt ferrite (BSCF) make it a good solid cathode material. This study aims to investigate the influence of milling process and calcination temperature on the behaviour of nanocomposite cathode BSCF–samarium-doped ceria (SDC). The BSCF–SDC composite powders were mixed using two milling processes, namely, wet milling and dry milling. The composite cathode powders were mixed through wet milling by high-energy ball milling at 550 rpm for 2 hours. For dry milling, the powders were milled at 1

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19

Klinser, Gregor, Heinz Krenn, and Roland Würschum. "Operando Monitoring of Charging Processes in Battery Cathodes by Magnetometry and Positron Annihilation." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1647.

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Research in the field of modern battery materials demands characterization techniques which allow an inspection of atomistic processes during battery charging and discharging. Two powerful tools for this purpose are magnetometry and positron-electron annihilation. The magnetic moment serves as highly sensitive fingerprint for the oxidation state of the transition metal ions, thus enabling to identify the electrochemical ”active” ions. The positron lifetime on the other hand, is sensitive to open volume defects of the size of a few missing atoms down to single vacancies providing an unique insi

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FitzPatrick, G., E. Forster, R. Hebner, and E. Kelley. "Prebreakdown Cathode Processes in Liquid Hydrocarbons." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation EI-22, no. 4 (1987): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tei.1987.298907.

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21

Volchek, S. A., and V. A. Yakovtseva. "Processes at platinum electrodes during the cathode polarization in alcohol erbium nitrate solution." Èlektrohimiâ 60, no. 5 (2024): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0424857024050021.

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The processes at platinum electrodes during the cathode polarization in an alcohol solution of erbium nitrate are discussed. The current density maxima on the cathode branch of voltammograms were found to correspond to the potentials of the hydrogen reduction reactions. The gel-like deposit Er(OH)x(NO3)y(С2Н5О)z · nH2O, x + y + z = 3, formed during the cathode treatment was shown to be not a product of the electron exchange between the cathode and the solution components. The following formation mechanism of the erbium-containing deposit has been suggested. First, the electrochemical process o

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Sirotkin, N. A., and V. A. Titov. "Experimental Study of the Liquid Cathode Components Transfer to the DC Discharge Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 3 (2016): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2016.3.131.

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The transfer processes of solvent and dissolved substances in gas phase from aqueous solutions used as cathodes under the action of atmospheric pressure DC discharge were investigated.The electric field strength in plasma (E), cathode voltage drop (Uc) and rates of solution evaporation were measured. The transfer coefficients were calculated. The effect of transfer processes on plasma physical properties was experimentally studied. The threshold characteristics of cations transfer process were determined.

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Colclasure, Andrew M., Ryan Brow, and Maxwell Schulze. "Development of Large Area All Solid-State Lithium-Ion Cells Using Scalable and Manufacturable Coating Processes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (2022): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023224mtgabs.

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The NREL team has fabricated all solid-state full cells with sulfide-based electrolytes using fabrication techniques suitable for high speed/low-cost manufacturing, such as slurry and tape casting. Slurry coating is a well-established and cost-effective process feasible for large scale/continuous process (e.g., roll-to-roll processing). However, most solid-state cells fabricated to date have been small area (1 cm2) cells with single mAh capacities. These cells are generally fabricated by dry mixing of powders and compressing layers to hundreds of MPa up to GPa of pressure and high temperatures

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Yan, Dongping, Wansheng Wang, Runhua Li, et al. "Multi-Physical and Electrochemical Coupling Model for the Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells with H+/e−/O2− Mixed Conducting Cathodes." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083889.

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A protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC) has great potential for medium temperature power generation. Its working process, however, is complicated and quite different from the traditional oxygen ionic solid oxide fuel cell (O2−-SOFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this paper, a multi-physical model for the PCFC with H+/e−/O2− mixed conducting cathode is established, in which the fuel- and oxidant-diffusing processes; electron-, oxygen ion-, and proton-conducting processes; three electrochemical reactions; and their coupling working details are carefully considered. Taking Ni-BZC

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Aliotta, Chiara, Maria Costa, Leonarda Francesca Liotta, Valeria La Parola, Giuliana Magnacca та Francesca Deganello. "Peculiar Properties of the La0.25Ba0.25Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ Perovskite as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst". Molecules 28, № 4 (2023): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041621.

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The electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen is a fundamental process in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and requires high efficiency cathode materials. Two La0.25Ba0.25Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ-based perovskite compounds were prepared by solution combustion synthesis, and characterized for their structural, microstructural, surface, redox and electrochemical properties as potential cathodes in comparison with Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ and La0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ perovskites. Results highlighted that calcination at 900 °C led to a “bi-perovskite heterostructure”, where two different perovskite structure

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Chen, Rong Xin, and Li Cheng. "Preparation of Flower-Like Layered Double Hydroxides Supercapacitor Cathode Based on Biomineralization Strategy." Key Engineering Materials 993 (November 1, 2024): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-j2sfex.

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Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) materials are widely used in the cathodes of high-performance supercapacitors. However, current preparation methods suffer from issues such as high energy consumption, complex processes, and significant safety hazards. In this study, based on a mild biomineralization reaction route, flower-like nano-sheet structured cobalt-based LDHs (COH) cathode was successfully prepared. The COH cathode achieved an outstanding specific capacitance of 829.0 F g-¹ at a current density of 1 A g-¹ and retained 90.9% of its initial capacitance after 4000 cycles. This biomineraliz

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Wang, Jiabei, Shizhen Li, Qiyue Qin, and Chuang Peng. "Sustainable and feasible reagent-free electro-Fenton via sequential dual-cathode electrocatalysis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 34 (2021): e2108573118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108573118.

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Electro-Fenton processes aim at producing oxidizing radicals with fewer added chemicals and residues but are still unable to completely eliminate both. This study demonstrates that a reagent-free electro-Fenton process that runs solely on oxygen and electricity can be achieved by sequential dual-cathode electrocatalysis. H2O2 is produced on an electrodeposited PEDOT on carbon cloth (PEDOT/CC) cathode and subsequently converted to hydroxyl radicals on a stainless-steel–mesh cathode. The dual-cathode system demonstrates efficient decolorization and total organic carbon (TOC) removal toward organ

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Zhang, Zhicong, Xiaodong Huang, Dandan Wei, Qiqi Chang, Jinping Liu, and Qingxiu Jing. "Copper Nodule Defect Detection in Industrial Processes Using Deep Learning." Information 15, no. 12 (2024): 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15120802.

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Copper electrolysis is a crucial process in copper smelting. The surface of cathodic copper plates is often affected by various electrolytic process factors, resulting in the formation of nodule defects that significantly impact surface quality and disrupt the downstream production process, making the prompt detection of these defects essential. At present, the detection of cathode copper plate nodules is performed by manual identification. In order to address the issues with manual convex nodule identification on the surface of industrial cathode copper plates in terms of low accuracy, high e

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Широкий, Ю. В., Ю. О. Сисоєв, О. В. Торосян та П. Р. Жидєєв. "ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕПЛОВИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ НА ВУГЛЕЦЕВИХ ЕЛЕКТРОДАХ В РЕЗУЛЬТАТІ ДІЇ ПЛАЗМИ ПРИ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ НАНОСТРУКТУР У ВАКУУМНІЙ ДУЗІ". Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, № 100 (8 жовтня 2024): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2024.100.07.

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A mathematical model has been refined to determine the thermophysical and thermomechanical processes on electrodes during the plasma formation of nanostructures. The model takes into account the effects of electrode spots, evaporation, sputtering, and thermal stresses in the electrode bodies. Calculations of temperature distribution on the surfaces of the graphite cathode and anode were carried out, considering the conditions necessary for obtaining nanostructures. An analysis of the thermophysical processes on the surfaces of the graphite cathode and anode during the transition to the working

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He, Rong, Meng Zhou, Hongmei Luo, and Robert Tenent. "Characterization of Processes Occurring at Various Interfaces By Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 2 (2024): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-012450mtgabs.

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Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is an in-situ probe technique that can directly monitor the electrochemical processes occurring at different interfaces. SECM has been proven as a powerful characterization tool with a wide variety of applications in redox processes, near-surface reactions, reaction kinetics, and electrochemical imaging. In this work, we focused on the use of SECM measurement methods to detect electrochemically active materials formed at the cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) and study the cathode degradation process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). We demonstrated t

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Favre, M., P. Choi, H. Chuaqui, et al. "Hollow cathode effects in charge development processes in transient hollow cathode discharges." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 23, no. 3 (1995): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.402303.

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Anfinogentov, Vasilij. "Chaotic oscillation in the electron beam with virtual cathode." Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 2, no. 3 (1994): 69–83. https://doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-1994-2-5-69-83.

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Nonlinear oscillations of the electron beam with virtual cathode in the Pierce diode are studied by numerical simulation (PIC method). Different dynamical states including chaotic oscillations of the electron beam are recognized. Quantatively (correlation dimension and greatest Lapunov exponent) and qualitatively (autocorrelation function and unstable periodic orbits) characteristics of chaotic oscillations are obtained. Physical processes in the diode are investigated and it was shown that the second region reflecting the electrons may appear in the beam. This region was called the secondary

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Ferdinandov, N. V., and D. D. Gospodinov. "Conditions of steady arc ignition in vacuum and hollow cathode operational life." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 79, no. 1 (2016): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1502.

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Purpose: The aim of this paper is to determine the conditions of steady arc ignition invacuum and the effect some of the main operating parameters have on the life of tantalumfoilhollow cathodes.Design/methodology/approach: The experiments presented in this paper have beencarried out with equipment for vacuum hollow cathode arc processing similar to whatis used in the industry. In order to find out if steady arc ignition is possible, a two-levelfactorial experiment has been conducted helping to establish the corresponding regressiondependency between the factors examined and the starting param

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Dermawan, Totok, Agus Sudjatno, Edy Yulianto, et al. "Synthesis of Acetylene Black and Polyvinylidene Difluoride to Improve the Conductivity of Li-ion Nickel Manganese Cobalt Batteries." Automotive Experiences 8, no. 1 (2025): 9–18. https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.12329.

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The issue of low cathode conductivity is a significant challenge in battery development, particularly for automotive applications. The cathode plays a crucial role in Li-ion batteries, as it is responsible for transferring lithium ions during both charging and discharging processes. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the conductivity of the cathode by incorporating Acetylene Black (AB) and Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) additives. In this study, Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) 811 and NMC 111 cathodes were used. These materials were formed into pellets, then made into sheets, with AB and PV

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Thomas, Charlotte, Kaitlin Garman, Evan Summerwill Flitz, Nicholas Ryan Singstock, and Chunmei Ban. "Surface Modification of Prussian White Cathode to Improve Air and Cycling Stability in Sodium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 1 (2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01123mtgabs.

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Sodium (Na)-ion batteries (NIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, because they use abundant and inexpensive sodium-based raw materials and have similar manufacturing processes to lithium-ion batteries. Prussian White (PW) cathodes in NIBs rival the lithium iron phosphate cathode for lithium-ion batteries; they have high energy density, tunable redox potentials, and they are inexpensive and easy to synthesize. Despite their benefits, PW materials are hygroscopic and suffer structural instability associated with the adsorption of water. Additionally, side reactions with and d

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Рутковська, К. С., Г. Г. Тульський, В. П. Гомозов та Т. В. Ворона. "КІНЕТИКА СУМІЩЕНИХ КАТОДНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У ВОДНОМУ РОЗЧИНІ NaCl". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 144, № 2 (2020): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.2.9.

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Investigation of the kinetics of combined cathode processes in the electrochemical synthesis of sodium hypochlorite. Intensification of the process of molecular oxygen reduction in aqueous NaCl solution to improve the electrochemical synthesis of sodium hypochlorite using a gas diffusion cathode. Investigation of the effect of the gas diffusion regime on the kinetics of cathode processes, determination of the ranges of potentials and current densities of combined cathode reactions. Cyclic voltammetry for the study of kinetic parameters of the cathode process using the MTech PGP-550M pulse pote

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Gankhuyag, Tengisbold, Keisuke Obata, and Kazuhiro Takanabe. "Stabilizing Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Water Electrolyzers during Dynamic On/Off Operation through Double Layer Capacitance Engineering." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 38 (2025): 1951. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01381951mtgabs.

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Green hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) powered by renewable electricity is a promising pathway for societal decarbonization. Despite its technological maturity, widespread AWE adoption would face challenges due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy, necessitating frequent start-up/shutdown (on/off) cycles. During shutdown, reverse currents generated in industrial AWE systems—where cathodes and anodes are interconnected through bipolar plates and electrolyte in manifolds—trigger unfavorable redox reactions, accelerating catalyst degradation.1 This study investi

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Kulahin, S. M., M. I. Pysmennyi, D. K. Voronovskyi, and B. V. Yurkov. "Development of a cathode resistant to vacuum chamber operation conditions." Technical mechanics 2021, no. 3 (2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2021.03.030.

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The aim of this work is to develop a thermoemission cathode that would ensure the required operating parameters and remain operable after long, several-day, exposure to the air without any additional ampulization. Cathode thrmoemitter degradation (“poisoning”) processes are overviewed. The problem of degradation of tungsten-barium cathodes is caused by the penetration of chemically active substances (for example, oxygen) into the interior space of a cathode. The “poisoning” process is so complex that it can hardly be simulated by simple theoretical methods. Because of this, the cathode “poison

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Anderson, Cassidy, and Dongping Lu. "Optimizing High Energy Density Sulfur Cathodes: A Multivariate Approach to Electrode Formulation and Processing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 3 (2024): 376. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-023376mtgabs.

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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries involve complex solid-liquid-solid phase transformations during both discharging and charging processes, where cathode materials, formulation, and structure play a crucial role. Here, a design of experiments (DoE) methodology and an empirical model are developed to systematically explore the interactions and trade-offs among cathode factors and process variables, and to obtain generalizable effects estimates for the multivariate system. Compared to the conventional one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, this work demonstrates advantages in both efficiency and acc

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Murog, Igor A., Valery F. Gnido, Elena V. Tinina, Igor A. Ilchuk, and Tatiana A. Asayeva. "Simulation of thermal processes on the electrode of a miniature protective spark gap." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 12, no. 32 (2021): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.32.10.

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The article discusses the issues that arise when determining the temperature in the region of the cathode spot in miniature protective spark gaps. The modeling principle is used to study the temperature field on the spark gap electrode. A mathematical model of the process is compiled on the basis of the balance of power entering the cathode spot and its removal inside the cathode due to thermal conductivity. A numerical solution of the obtained nonlinear heat equation with inhomogeneous boundary conditions by the finite-difference method is presented. The authors compared the found temperature

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Fitriana, Hana Nur, Jiye Lee, Sangmin Lee, et al. "Surface Modification of a Graphite Felt Cathode with Amide-Coupling Enhances the Electron Uptake of Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167585.

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Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a promising technology platform for the production of chemicals and fuels from CO2 and external conducting materials (i.e., electrodes). In this system, electroactive microorganisms, called electrotrophs, serve as biocatalysts for cathodic reaction. While several CO2-fixing microorganisms can reduce CO2 to a variety of organic compounds by utilizing electricity as reducing energy, direct extracellular electron uptake is indispensable to achieve highly energy-efficient reaction. In the work reported here, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a CO2-fixing chemoautotroph a

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Hellmich, A., T. Jung, A. Kielhorn, and M. Rißland. "CVD-processes by hollow cathode glow discharge." Surface and Coatings Technology 98, no. 1-3 (1998): 1541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(97)00299-5.

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Mazurek, B., and J. D. Cross. "Fast cathode processes in vacuum discharge development." Journal of Applied Physics 63, no. 10 (1988): 4899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340430.

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Stavola, Alyssa M., Dominick P. Guida, Andrea M. Bruck, Xiao Sun, Hongli Zhu, and Joshua W. Gallaway. "Operando Measurement of Lithiation Gradients in NMC111-Argyrodite All-Solid-State Composite Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 6 (2023): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0161066mtgabs.

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Achieving the high energy density targets in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) will require thick cathodes optimized for full utilization of active material. In composite cathodes with sulfide SSEs, the exclusion of carbon additives makes cathode design to balance ionic and electronic conductivities all the more important. Li-Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111) is a widely studied cathode material for its high energy density and high working voltage. The lattice parameters of this well-studied structure directly correlate to the amount of Li in the material, allowing for very accurate measurements of l

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Montoya, Anthony, Bryant Polzin, and John T. Vaughey. "The Role of Cathode Surfaces in Lithium-Ion Battery Direct Recycling." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 5 (2022): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-015609mtgabs.

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Over the past decade the need for new sources of LIB raw materials has become apparent as the market for EVs and other consumer electronics that utilize lithium-ion batteries (LIB) has grown immensely. One emerging source of these needed materials is from the recycling of previous generation LIB cells and devices. Presently, this area is dominated by pyroprocessing and hydroprocessing. As delivered to the manufacturer these processes deliver simple salts or precursors that allow the recovered metals to be re-inserted into the LIB cathode synthesis process at a similar stage to newly mined mate

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Huang, Kai-Yu, Chih-Ta Wang, Wei-Lung Chou, and Chi-Min Shu. "Removal of Polyvinyl Alcohol Using Photoelectrochemical Oxidation Processes Based on Hydrogen Peroxide Electrogeneration." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/841762.

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This study investigates the removal efficiency of PVA from aqueous solutions using UV irradiation in combination with the production of electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) cathode. Three cathode materials (i.e., platinum, graphite, and ACF) were fed with oxygen and used for the electrogeneration of H2O2. The amount of electrogenerated H2O2produced using the ACF cathode was five times greater than that generated using the graphite cathode and nearly 24 times greater than that from platinum cathode. Several parameters were evaluated

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Domarov, P. V., V. A. Serikov, A. E. Morev, and O. S. Cherednichenko. "Vacuum Plasmatrons with Hollow Cathode: Gas-Dynamic Plasma Processes in the Hollow Cathode." Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 32, no. 3 (2023): 603–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1810232823030153.

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GUSHENETS, V. I., E. M. OKS, G. YU YUSHKOV, and N. G. REMPE. "Current status of plasma emission electronics: I. Basic physical processes." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 2 (2003): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603212027.

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This paper reviews the physical phenomena that accompany the emission of electrons and ions from plasma. The development of plasma emission electronics as an independent research field is closely associated with the name of its founder, Professor Kreindel Yu. E. The well-known advantages of plasma electron emitters (plasma cathodes) are the higher emission current density, the pulsed emission capability, and the wider range of residual gas pressures. A peculiar property of the plasma cathode is the possibility of extracting practically all electrons from plasma. The parameters of an ion and el

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Cai, Xinyin, Li Xun Liang, Haobo Bai, and Zulipiya Shadike. "Regulations of Bulk and Interfacial Chemistry of Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 3 (2024): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-013588mtgabs.

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Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) show the great potential to achieve large-scale energy storage due to their low cost and good safety as well as abundant resources of sodium. Among the cathode materials for SIBs, manganese-based layered oxides with adjustable structure have been attached great interest for the high energy density and low-cost SIBs. . Particularly, P2-type Mn-based materials exhibit anionic redox during charge and discharge processes, which can not only elevate the battery potential but also provide extra capacity, drastically boosting the energy density of the batteries. However, t

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Li, Yuanshun, Ella Williams, Yi-Feng Su, Jagjit Nanda, and Guang Yang. "Exploring the Molecular Weight Effects of Poly(isobutylene) (PIB) in Slurry-Cast NMC811 Cathode for the Development of Sulfide Solid-State Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 8 (2024): 1086. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0281086mtgabs.

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Sulfide-based solid-state battery emerges as the next generation of traditional lithium-ion battery with liquid electrolyte due to high room temperature ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolyte (eg. Halide substituted argyrodite, LPSCl at 1 mS/cm) and inherent safety. However, the production of high-performance thin film cathodes continues to be a significant hurdle. Such cathodes are typically processed by mixing cathode active material (CAM) and solid electrolyte, with an optimal ratio of 50 vol% to ensure the ionic percolation1, followed by tape casting. To fulfill the manufacture purpose,

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