Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)'

This dissertation examined the relationships between color contrast and legibility for digital raster video imagery. CIE colorimetric components were combined into three-dimensional color coordinate systems whose coordinates map one-to-one with the physical energy parameters of all colors. The distance between any two colors' coordinates in these 3-spaces is termed Color-Difference (ΔE). ΔE was hypothesized as a metric of the speed (RS) with which observers possessing normal vision could accurately read random numeral strings of one color displayed against backgrounds of another color. Two studies totaling 32064 practice and experimental trials were conducted. The first study determined that the CIE Uniform Color Spaces are inappropriate for the modeling of RS. Subsequently, a different 3-space geometry and colorimetric component scaling were empirically derived from the Study 1 data to produce a one-dimensional ΔE scale which ” approximates an interval scale of RS. This ΔE scale and others were then applied to the different stimulus conditions in Study 2 to determine the generalizability of such ΔE metrics. The pair of studies is conclusive: several ΔE scales exist which serve equally well to describe or prescribe RS with multicolor CRT raster imagery for a range of character luminances in both positive and negative presentation polarities. These are the Y,u',v', logY,u',v', L*,u',v', and L*,u*,v* rescaled color spaces. Because of its predictive accuracy and simplicity, a luminance—generalized, ΔE—standardized Y,u',v' metric, accounting for 71% and 75% of the RS variability in Studies 1 and 2, respectively, is recommended as the most appropriate metric of emissive display legibility to be tested in these studies.
Ph. D.

The effects of physical image quality on reading and on perceived image quality from CRT and hard copy were studied in this experiment. The results showed that as the image quality of a display increased, indicated by an increase in the value of the MTFA, the reading speed increased and subjective image quality V; ratings increased. This change in reading speed and perceived image quality occurred in the hard copy as well as in the soft copy condition. Image quality, therefore, is concluded to be the major determinant of subjects' performance with respect to displayed information. This implies that if the image quality the displayed text ls the same on the display techniques used, subjects will read from CRT displays as fast as from hard copy displays.

Master of Science

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T19:51:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Queila da Costa.pdf: 4793341 bytes, checksum: c506d3b0f1dbda0591f766090f48bde6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-20
Nossa sociedade, a cada dia, demonstra sinais de consumismo sem precedentes, basta que haja o lançamento de um equipamento eletrônico, rapidamente as pessoas se mostram interessadas ao ponto de substituir seu equipamento antigo, em pleno funcionamento, por um que acabou de ser lançado. O Brasil é o país que mais gera e-lixo entre os emergentes, com o problema de que a maior parte destes resíduos não tem destinação apropriada e o risco de contaminação para o meio ambiente e a saúde com metais pesados, tais como mercúrio e chumbo são inevitáveis. Os descartes inadequados de artefatos eletroeletrônicos causam impactos ambientais e podem afetar a saúde humana se não for adequadamente gerenciado. No entanto, não se observa uma política voltada para coleta e gestão desses produtos na cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes, principalmente, os tubos de raios catódicos (CRT´s) utilizados em televisores e monitores de computador antigos, que contêm várias substâncias perigosas, gerando um passivo ambiental (danos ambientais) ao meio onde são descartados, representando assim a responsabilidade social das empresas com os aspectos ambientais. Diante deste contexto, propõem-se como objetivo um modelo de gestão para o lixo eletrônico, com destaque para criação de postos voltados para esse fim no Município de Campos dos Goytacazes. Para buscar dados foram aplicados questionários que tiveram como público alvo um percentual da população adulta, moradores de bairros próximos aos pontos de descartes. A pesquisa, a coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de dezembro e fevereiro 2013, no terminal rodoviário urbano e entrevistou-se 58 pessoas de diversas faixas etárias e níveis de escolaridade, representando 34 bairros do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, visando levantar dados referentes ao problema da pesquisa. O segundo questionário foi aplicado em 9 lojas da mesma região da cidade, que comercializam monitores e televisores, com o intuito de verificar o interesse destes em incentivar a devolução desses equipamentos ao inicio da cadeia produtiva, tendo as lojas como referência, no caso os consumidores seriam incentivados a levar o equipamento a ser descartado à uma cooperativa subsidiada pelos lojistas pois de acordo com plano nacional de resíduos sólidos(PNRS), são um dos responsáveis na cadeia produtiva, a fim de que o equipamento tenha uma destinação correta. Por fim, foram consultados cinco especialistas para avaliar o modelo proposto e, segundo eles, o modelo funciona para a coleta de televisores e monitores de computador que usam tubo de raios catódicos. Considera-se que as questões de pesquisa foram respondidas, pois se houver união entre os stakeholders para resolver o problema do descarte inadequado no município, com certeza todos ganharão, diminuindo o impacto ambiental com o incentivo de devolução do equipamento velho na compra do novo, isto alimentaria a cooperativa sempre mantendo o setor funcionando com pessoas que não tinham oportunidades, trazendo dignidade e obtendo ganhos com a venda dos resíduos e se mantendo no negócio a fim de fazer parte da estatística de mostrar que a logística reversa funciona se bem administrada, trazendo ganhos para todos: Economia, sociedade e meio ambiente.
Our society, every day, demonstrates unprecedented consumerism signals, just as there is the launch of an electronic device, quickly people are showing an interest so far as to replace your old equipment in full operation, with one that has just been released. Brazil is the country that generates more e-waste among emerging with the problem that most of these residues is not appropriate disposal and the risk of contamination to the environment and health with heavy metals such as mercury and lead They are inevitable. Inadequate disposal of electronic devices cause environmental impacts and can affect human health if not properly managed. However, it is not observed a policy aimed at collecting and managing such products in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, mainly cathode ray tubes (CRT's) used in old computer monitors and televisions, which contain various hazardous substances, generating environmental liabilities (environmental damage) in half where they are discarded, thus representing the social responsibility of companies with environmental aspects. Given this context, it is proposed aimed at a management model for electronic waste, especially creating jobs geared to this end in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes. To fetch data were questionnaires that had as target a percentage of the adult population, residents of neighborhoods near the point of disposal. The research, data collection was carried out between the months of December and February 2013, the urban bus and was interviewed 58 people of different ages and educational levels, representing 34 districts of Campos municipality of Goytacazes, aiming to collect data referring to the problem of search. The second questionnaire was applied in 9 stores in the same area of the city that sell monitors and televisions, in order to verify the interest of these to encourage the return of such equipment to the beginning of the production chain, with stores like reference in case consumers would be encouraged to take the equipment to be disposed of to a cooperative subsidized by tenants as according to national plan for solid waste (PNRS), they are one of those responsible in the production chain, so that the equipment has proper destination. Finally, five experts were consulted to evaluate the proposed model and according to them, the model works for the collection of televisions and computer monitors that use cathode ray tube. It is considered that the research questions were answered, as if there is unity among stakeholders to address the improper disposal of problem in the city, surely everyone wins, reducing the environmental impact with the old equipment back incentive on the purchase of new, this would feed the cooperative keeping the industry working with people who had no opportunities, bringing dignity and getting gains from the sale of waste and keeping the business in order to be part of the statistics show that the reverse logistics work if well managed, bringing gains for all: Economy, society and environment.

Thanks to European environmental rules and regulations establishment, waste recycling has become a more and more relevant problematic. For manufacturing plants, especially those producing hazardous wastes, expenses linked to waste production have drastically increased over the last decades. In the proposed work, various hazardous and non-hazardous wastes, among: soda-lime and borosilicate glass cullet, cathode ray tubes glass, exhausted lime from fume abatement systems residues, sludge and slags from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, and pre-stabilized municipal solid waste incinerators ashes are used to elaborate several compositions of glass-ceramics. High-temperature treatment (minimum 800 °C) associated to a Direct Sintering process (30 min) was an efficient way to stabilize chemically the final products. The impact of each waste on the final product’s mechanical properties was studied, but also their synergies between each other, when mixed together. Statistic mixture designs enabled to develop interesting products for modern building applications, such as porous tiles and lightweight panels destined to insulation, with a purpose of fulfilling multifunctional properties.
Grazie alle regole e normative ambientali europee istituite, il riciclaggio dei rifiuti è diventato una problematica sempre più rilevante. Per gli impianti di produzione, in particolare quelli che producono rifiuti pericolosi, le spese connesse allo smaltimento sono drasticamente aumentate negli ultimi decenni. Nel lavoro proposto, vari rifiuti, pericolosi o no, vengono utilizzati per elaborare diverse composizioni di vetroceramiche. Si distinguono rottami di vetro della produzione di finestre, di contenitori farmaceutici e di tubi catodici. I rifiuti non vetrosi invece sono calce esausta da residui di sistemi di filtrazione di fumi, scorie metallurgiche da leghe ferrose e non e ceneri da inceneritori. E' presentata nel presente lavoro la ricerca di un metodo di trattamento ad alta temperatura (minima 800 ° C) efficace per stabilizzare chimicamente il prodotto finale, tramite i diversi processi di sinterizzazione diretta, sinter-cristallizzazione e vetrificazione. Sono stati studiati gli effetti di ogni rifiuto sulle proprietà meccaniche del prodotto finale, ma anche le nuove funzionalità ottenute attraverso le sinergie risultanti dalla loro miscela. Miscele calibrate hanno permesso di sviluppare prodotti interessanti per applicazioni edilizie moderne, come le piastrelle porose e pannelli leggeri destinati all’isolamento.

Environment friendly products can be defined as products which show significant environmental improvements made at their most important life-cycle stages. For durable goods, life-cycle stages include manufacturing, use, and end-of-life of product. Reverse Supply Chain Management is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing value and/or proper disposal. The efficient and proper use of 5R’s processes namely Remanufacturing, Refurbishment, Reuse, Repair; and Recycle help the product to be greener and environment friendly. Part of the process also includes the proper disposal of goods which is essential for maintaining a green environment. This study aims at finding the significant factors to be considered by Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Television component manufacturers to manufacture Environment Friendly Product. Various parameters like raw material procurement; water and energy consumption in product manufacturing; the extent of environmental regulations followed; waste production; and waste processing have been considered in this study. A Case Study has been prepared to study the entire manufacturing process of a CRT Television. The case study also looks at the regulations followed by CRT TV component manufacturers in India and how they are different from other countries. An attempt has been made to find out the value which can be recovered at the End-Of-Life of CRT TVs. The case also looks at safe recycling options for CRT TVs. The study shows that CRT TV component manufacturers consider Resource Procurement, Energy Utilization; and Compliance with Regulations to a significant extent. Also, an attempt has been made to develop an Environmental Friendly Index (EFI). The EFI depends on resource procurement, energy utilization, waste production, waste processing, and existence of environmental team in the company. There have been no steps taken by these component manufacturers towards dealing with return goods. All the return goods are dealt with by recyclers, who extract the material through unscientific and non-environmental friendly ways. The recyclers are not able to extract all the useful material, which if done in an efficient way, will result in more material recovery.

Environment friendly products can be defined as products which show significant environmental improvements made at their most important life-cycle stages. For durable goods, life-cycle stages include manufacturing, use, and end-of-life of product. Reverse Supply Chain Management is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing value and/or proper disposal. The efficient and proper use of 5R’s processes namely Remanufacturing, Refurbishment, Reuse, Repair; and Recycle help the product to be greener and environment friendly. Part of the process also includes the proper disposal of goods which is essential for maintaining a green environment. This study aims at finding the significant factors to be considered by Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Television component manufacturers to manufacture Environment Friendly Product. Various parameters like raw material procurement; water and energy consumption in product manufacturing; the extent of environmental regulations followed; waste production; and waste processing have been considered in this study. A Case Study has been prepared to study the entire manufacturing process of a CRT Television. The case study also looks at the regulations followed by CRT TV component manufacturers in India and how they are different from other countries. An attempt has been made to find out the value which can be recovered at the End-Of-Life of CRT TVs. The case also looks at safe recycling options for CRT TVs. The study shows that CRT TV component manufacturers consider Resource Procurement, Energy Utilization; and Compliance with Regulations to a significant extent. Also, an attempt has been made to develop an Environmental Friendly Index (EFI). The EFI depends on resource procurement, energy utilization, waste production, waste processing, and existence of environmental team in the company. There have been no steps taken by these component manufacturers towards dealing with return goods. All the return goods are dealt with by recyclers, who extract the material through unscientific and non-environmental friendly ways. The recyclers are not able to extract all the useful material, which if done in an efficient way, will result in more material recovery.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2006.
Advisor: Amy B. Chan-Hilton, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 18, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 116 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

碩士
大葉大學
環境工程學系碩士班
95
Fluorescent powder of Cathode ray tube (Cathode Ray Tube, CRT) is the key component for traditional computer and television. The valuable resources of europium (Eu) and yttrium (Y) contained in the scrap fluorescent powder will be consumed if they are not recycled. Thus, this study adopts the screening, leaching, pH adjustment, solvent extraction , ion exchange, replacement and cementation methods to recover the valuable metals of Eu and Y from scrap fluorescent powder of CRT. The results of this study reveal that the Eu and Y are mainly distributed in the -50 mesh fraction of the collected scrap fluorescent powder. This -50 mesh fraction was subjected to a 3N NaOH leaching regent at 27℃ to dissolve and remove 99% aluminum (Al) from it. The dissolved Al can be precipitate by adding 36N H2SO4. After filtration, the 57.79% zinc (Zn), 92.03%Y and 100% Eu contained in the solid can be leached by using 12N sulfur acid liquid under 70℃ for 2 hours. The dissolved Zn can be precipitated by adding CH3CNH2 saturated solution to form ZnS. Finally, the Eu and Y containing in the solution can be precipitated by adding NaOH to form Eu(OH)3 and Y(OH)3. The Precipitates of Al, Zn, Eu and Y obtained in tis study can be sold to the metal smelter for further refinery.

Field emission cathodes have proven themselves to be excellent candidates for some special medical X-ray applications. Spindt cathode and CNT (carbon nanotube) based field emission cathode have been widely studied for many years. Spindt cathode has the near perfect structure, but the material property limits its applications. On the other hand, low density vertically aligned CNT array has been proved the best candidate of field emission material. Several attempts have been made to combine the advantages of the Spindt cathode and CNT array, but some most important advantages of Spindt cathode have not been successfully utilized in CNT emitter design, for example: ballast resistor, self-aligned fabrication process, sub-micron scale gate electrode, and low control voltage. In this thesis, the design, fabrication and test of CNT based field emission cathode with a novel ballast resistor and coaxial cylinder shape gate electrode is reported. A connection pad has been reported for the first time. This structure makes the ballast resistor can be utilized in a CNT field emitter array. Therefore, the uniformity and stability of field emission current is improved significantly. In addition, the stabilized emission current heated up the sample to a high temperature and changes the emission from field emission to Schottky emission regime. This is the first report of the self-heating Schottky emission from a CNT emitter array. Coaxial cylinder shape gate electrode is another important improvement in the CNT emitter design. The gate electrode adopts the self-alignment property of the Spindt cathode, and adjusted to fit the structure and synthesis process of CNT array. This new design and fabrication process has all the advantages of both the Spindt cathode and CNT emitter. In addition to the field emission cathode design, a novel PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate) based FEM (field emission microscope) is designed to evaluate the emission uniformity and capture high resolution images of the distribution of field emitted electrons. Compare to the conventional phosphor screen based FEM, the PMMA based FEM has a much higher resolution and sensitivity. Images of this new FEM have a resolution of as high as 0.34 nm and clearly show the boundary of crystal facets.

碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系
88
This topic applies Finite Element Analysis toward Cathode Ray Tube and attempts to find out the stress distribution and deformation of glass tube after CRT is vacuumed and is constrainted with the shrink band in different position. To the CRT problems in this topic, we use Finite Element Analysis program-- ANSYS to be the analysis tools. We find the maximum displacement is 42um near the central position under vacuum situation. While using the result of postprocessing and transforming the result, We compare it with the interferometry pattern which is produced by Electronic speckle pattern interferometry(ESPI). From this, we wish to understand the correction of FEA simulation and ESPI experiment. In the processing of FEA, we also use the ANSYS Parameter Design Language (APDL) of ANSYS to reach fast and correct analysis and also to build automatic analysis procedure.

An introduction to the fundamental concepts of X-ray physics and X-ray tube design is given. This discussion also includes a brief description of various X-ray tube types available commercially for a number of different industrial applications. The design of a high-energy MgO cold cathode X-ray tube, which is to be used in an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, is described in detail with emphasis placed on the electron beam focusing mechanism and the theory of operation as well as the construction of the X-ray tube MgO cold cathode, which functioned as the electron emitter of the device. A detailed account is also given of the output characteristics of the X-ray tube power supply, which has a direct effect on the design requirements and consequently the performance of the X-ray tube. An investigation into the manufacture of the vacuum envelope with particular attention focused on the production of reliable metal-to-ceramic seals was performed. A number of tests were conducted especially with regard to the maximum temperature that such seals may withstand without becoming permanently damaged. These tests were essential, since high temperature gradients tend to develop in an X-ray tube during operation, which the metal-to-cerarnic seals of the tube must be capable of withstanding if damage to the device is to be avoided. The set-up of the XRF spectrometer in which the completed X-ray tube was tested is discussed, in which the X-ray current and voltage measuring techniques are described. Furthermore a detailed account of the operation of the X-ray detector system and the multichannel analyser is given, which was used to detect and record spectra of the sample elements excited by the primary radiation of the X-ray tube. Finally the measured X-ray tube performance characteristics are discussed and compared to the predicted results.
Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

碩士
中華大學
工業工程與管理研究所
88
The best of business excellence operation aiming at the quick response of marketing and collaborative teamwork for conquer worldwide competition, rapid changed of marketing, customer requirement increasing, threat of entry and substitutes. To achieve quick response of marketing and collaborative teamwork, therefore, the way of flat organization, virtual enterprise are using the strategy of business management, and the information technology applications (SCM, ERP, CRM) are widely used among supplier, enterprise and customer. The goal of enterprise is to create customer and let high quality innovative product that meets customer requirements in the marketing. Thus, it is necessary to introduce Product Data Management (PDM) in the business by using systematic and effective way of working to manage related data in the product life cycle (such as. development, design, raw material specification, process condition, equipment, quality inspection and customer complaint etc). The operation of PDM will help enterprise on innovative thinking first and focus on development then introduce the product fast and manage it with more flexibility. PDM system is one of application systems that running in Corporate Information Factory (CIF). The operation of CIF which can put business data in order, store data in a warehouse, moreover, via intranet or Internet and let the information be here, right and now and achieve vision of Knowledge Management (KM). The purpose of this thesis is to understand setup and operation product data management in corporate information factory among development, production and marketing. In the thesis, I used PDM of Color Cathode Ray Tube (CCRT) setup and operation in the CIF as a sample, and proved the practical implementation of the model.