Journal articles: 'Cathodic corrosion protection'

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Kiselev, V. G., and E. N. Ruzich. "FEATURES OF DOMESTIC REGULATORY FRAMEWORK GOVERNING CATHODIC PROTECTION OF HEATING NETWORKS AGAINST EXTERNAL CORROSION IN THE GROUND." Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 21, no. 1-2 (April 11, 2019): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-1-2-77-86.

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Abstract: Paper provides comparative analysis of basic regulations governing design of systems of cathodic protection of underground metal structures against corrosion based on both Russian and international materials. The following basic parameters for evaluation of cathodic protection system performance are accepted: "need for applying cathodic protection systems", "values characterizing security of underground metal structures against corrosion in the presence of electrochemical protection", "density of protective current" and "magnitude of protective current". Carried out analysis identified the need to improve Russian system of cathodic protection systems design for all listed characteristics and above all in the direction of reducing the quantities of protective current and its density.

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Oh, Jin Seok, Myung Hyun Lee, J. D. Kim, and J. Y. Lee. "A New Control Algorithm for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection on the Underwater Hull." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.125.

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Cathodic protection is a system of preventing corrosion by forcing all surfaces of a hull to be cathode by providing external anodes. A metal can be made cathodic by electrically connecting it to a more anodic metal within the electrolyte. Anodes of these metals corrodepreferentially, the corrosion current of the anode achieving cathodic protection of the underwater hull to which they are connected. This paper presents a new current control algorithm for ICCP (Impressed Current Cathodic Protection) system. The anode of ICCP system is controlled by an external DC source with converter. The function of anode is to conduct the protective current into seawater. The DC source is generally obtained from main power system that contains a transformer, converter and etc. The proposed algorithm can operate AC-DC converter with current link. This algorithm includes the harmonic suppression control strategy and the optimum protection strategy and has tried to test the requirement current density for protection, the influence of voltage, the protection potential. Also, the properties of ICCP protected hull of ship in seawater are evaluated.

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Kalyutik, Aleksandr, Vladimir Kiselev, Evgenij Ruzich, and Andrey Kibarin. "Features of Russian regulatory framework governing cathodic protection of heating networks against external corrosion in the ground." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914005004.

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A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign documents governing the design of cathodic protection systems has been carried out. The main parameters for evaluating the effectiveness were selected: “protective current density”, “protective current value” and “indicators characterizing the degree of protection against corrosion in the presence of cathodic protection”. As a result, the need for improving the domestic system for designing cathodic protection installations was established. First of all, attention should be paid to the decrease in protective current, protective current density and criteria for determining the need for cathodic protection.

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Zeng, Weiguo, Dongxiao Xu, Hao Wang, Yong Yang, and Hongmei Wang. "Optimization for the cathodic protection system based on numerical simulation." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018502038.

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Cathodic protection was one of important method for the corrosion prevention. With the expand of pipeline at Jingbian gas field, the cathodic protection system had been not qualified for the corrosion prevention of pipeline at Jingbian gas field. The results of survey for pipeline in 2018 years suggested that there were less-protection or over-protection for the corrosion prevention of pipeline. In this study, it was simulated by the COMSOL software to clear the regulation of current for pipeline in different cathodic protection area, and learn the overall situation of cathodic protection station in Jingbian gas field. Finally, optimizing the cathodic protection system for improving the effect by cathodic protection and ensuring the safety production.

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Tamari, S. "Corrosion problems and corrosion control. 7 Cathodic protection." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 36, no. 405 (1987): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.36.636.

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UTAMI, ISNI. "MODEL PENGENDALIAN KATODIK DALAM ELEKTRODE DISK PEMUTAR SISTEM KOROSI." Jurnal Teknik Industri 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol12.no1.65-70.

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The effect of fluids flow rate onto necessity of current density cathodic protection which characterized using Rotatingdisk electrode (RDE) model has been researched on an electrochemistry manner. This research was done to AISI 1018 steel as the electrode spinning cylinder-shaped inside aerated dissolvable NaCl 3.5%. using variation spinning rate 0–2000rpm and 25–75° C temperature. Current density cathodic protection necessity determined from the steel interface potential - 800mV with reference anode Ag/AgCl. Experiment result shows that the increasing of electrode rate, cathodic protection current density needs increased due to diffusion layer tare faction and also because corrosion potential become more positive. Higher temperature would increase cathode protection current density needs and makes corrosion potential more negative. Oxygen activation energy value to be diffused onto electrode surface support the corrodibility AISI 1018 toward temperature increment, because cathodic reaction controlled by transfer mass of dissolved oxygen.

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Shepherd, W. "Corrosion protection for process plant by cathodic protection." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 36, no. 4 (April 1989): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb020746.

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Kouril, Milan, Alexander Palffy, Jan Hruska, Pavel Novak, and Šárka Msallamová. "Detection of pH Increase at the Surface of Cathodically Polarized Metal by Means of Amphoteric Metals Activation." Materials Science Forum 844 (March 2016): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.844.55.

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Nowadays, the cathodic protection is a common way of additional corrosion protection of buried structures. This protection is usually accompanied by cathodic polarisation on the protective potential of-850 mV(CSE). Its function is to prevent undesirable corrosion rates, in case the coating protection fails. Objective was to predict a state in terms of passivity or activity in which a carbon steel is in. And to do so, there is a monitoring of pH values by amphoteric metals, which would track pH changes of cathodically protected material in a soil. For pH detection, Al and Zn, were used. Main aim was to track corrosion rate of these amphoteric metals as a most reliable way to predict pH changes. Cathodic protection led to higher pH values of model soil located closely to surface of protected material. In case of carbon steel, alkalisation led to passive state and in the same time amphoteric metals could exist in active state. The aim of this work was to clarify usage of monitoring the corrosion rate of amphoteric metals for detection of pH values influenced by cathodic polarisation.Graphical abstract: Fig. 1 Kinetic and thermodynamic demonstration of passivation of cathodically protected steel

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FUKUZAWA, Hideto, and Tsukasa SHIROUZU. "Crevice corrosion prevention by cathodic protection." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 41, no. 2 (1990): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.41.99.

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Guezennec, J. G. "Cathodic protection and microbially induced corrosion." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 34, no. 3-4 (January 1994): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(94)90088-4.

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Ramachandra Murthy, D. S., P. Gandhi, and G. Raghava. "Fatigue Life of Cathodically Protected Tubular Joints of Offshore Structures." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829545.

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Steel jacket platforms are widely used for production and processing of oil from offshore fields. Tubular joints of these structures are susceptible to fatigue or corrosion fatigue cracking due to cyclic wave action, stress concentration, and corrosive environment. The submerged part of the structure is cathodically protected against corrosion by fixing sacrificial anodes at various places. The effect of cathodic protection on the fatigue life of tubular joints was studied by conducting fatigue tests on 13 T and Y-joints in air, under free corrosion, and with cathodic protection. The results of the studies are discussed in this paper.

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Nyrkova, L. I., S. O. Osadchuk, А. V. Klymenko, А. О. Rybakov, and S. L. Melnychuk. "Relationship between cathodic protection current and limit diffusion current as an additional criteria of cathodic protection." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 2(47) (December 26, 2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2019-2(47)-23-31.

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The influence of the temperature and oxygen concentration in NS4 solution on the electrochemical characteristics of X70 steel for pipelines and the relationship of cathodic protection current density to limiting diffusion current density, in the normalized DSTU 4219 range of protective polarization potentials from -0.75 V to -1.05 V (сh.s.е.) were investigated. It has been established that with increasing of the temperature from 20 to 80 °C, the corrosion activity of X70 steel increases, which is confirmed by more negative values of corrosion potential and an increasing of the corrosion rate, and indicates on the prevailing effect of temperature on the corrosion process compared to the effect of oxygen concentration. In the temperature range considered, the limiting diffusion current has a maximum value at 40 °C and decreases with increasing of temperature, correlating with a decreasing of the oxygen concentration. Under conditions of free oxygen access to the NS4 solution in the normalized DSTU 4219 range of protective polarization potentials, the ratio of cathodic protection to limiting diffusion current varies from 0.4 to 1.3 at temperatures (20-40) oС, at temperatures (60-80) oC the ratio is less than 1. Under conditions of limited oxygen access, the ratio increases from 1.1 to 4.7. Using calculated and experimental results, it was shown that, at various values of relationship , conditions for excessive hydrogen evolution can be created, which represents a threat to the safe operation of the pipeline over time. Data on the ratio values should be taken into account when analyzing the protection state of pipelines.

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Guo, Yu, An Kang Hu, and Hai Tao Dong. "Numerical Simulation of Cathodic Protection System." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.682.

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Cathodic protection (CP) systems are commonly designed by estimating the overall current demand and then developing an anode configuration sufficient to protect the structure. To a large extent the performance of a CP system is dependent on the skill and experience of the corrosion specialist. As the structures become more complex these traditional approaches may become less reliable. Given the factor it becomes imperative that corrosion engineers are able to predict the electric fields as part of the design process. The difficulty in making reliable estimates for cases can be overcome by using corrosion simulation software as a design tool. Not only can corrosion simulation software help with understanding complex corrosion behavior but it can also provide a rapid and economic assessment of CP system designs. In this paper two-dimensional mathematical model using the polarization properties of P110 and G3 as the solving boundary conditions, used numerical simulation software ANSYS to solve. In same time, a cathodic protection polarization simulating device was established. The changing tendency between the simulation results and experimental data matched well, which verify the correctness of modeling and accuracy of numerical simulation.

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Benmoussat, A., H. Hadjiat, and M. Hadjel. "External Damage by Corrosion on Steel Gas Pipeline." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, no. 4 (July 10, 2017): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj581.

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Under degraded coatings and inadequate cathodic protection (CP) steel gas pipelines exposed to environmentally assisted multiple corrosion. In electrochemical process corrosion, dissolution of the iron is an anodic reaction. The nature of the cathodic process depends on the availability of oxygen and implies aerobics or anaerobics conditions. The most severe corrosion process is that of microbiologically influenced corrosion. Damage can be a localized corrosion or SCC corrosion (Stress corrosion cracking). Microstructural damage is intergranular type at low stress intensity and implies the interaction of the material with the corrosive environment characterized by the apparition of corrosion microcracks.

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Han, Man Hae, and Han Seung Lee. "An Experimental Study on the Application of Cathodic Protection Method Applying Zn-Al Metal Spray on the RC Structure." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.665.

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Cathodic Protection Method was introduced as a corrosion protection method of metals under the ground or sea. Since 1970, it was applied to corrosion protection method of reinforced concrete structures. After 1990, this method has been used around the world, and its usability was proved. But this method has some problems on the aspect of construction and economy. In order to solve these problems, Cathodic Protection Method by using high durable metal spray was developed. First, the specimen was covered with anodic materials (Zn, Al) by using metal spray. And a performance of corrosion protection was confirmed by measuring corrosion current and halfcell potential of specimen. Through the result of experiment, it is possible to know that Cathodic Protection Method by using high metal spray is good protect to corrosion on reinforced concrete structures.

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HENDI, R., H. SAIFI, K. BELMOKRE, and M. OUADAH. "Impacts of the black clay soil moisture on the corrosion and cathodic protection performance of the API X70 Pipeline." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v5i2.104.

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The impact of the black clay soil moisture of Skikda (East of Algeria), on the corrosion cathodic protection performance of the API X70 pipeline was studied in this paper. To achieve this objective, first, electrochemical analysis has been carried out. Then, in order the show impact of the black clay soil moisture of Skikda on the cathodic protection of the API X70 Pipeline, the corrosion parameters of the API X70 steel pipeline obtained by electrochemical measurements such as Tafel slopes, corrosion current densities, and corrosion potentials were used as boundary conditions in the elaborated cathodic protection model. The obtained results show that the corrosion current I corr is directly proportional to the moisture content up to 50 wt. %, with a potential shift towards the more electronegative values. The cathodic protection perfermance has been well proven in black soil at 100 wt. % moisture contents.

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Cui, Gan, Zili Li, Chao Yang, and Xu Wei. "Study on the interference corrosion of cathodic protection system." Corrosion Reviews 33, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2014-0061.

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AbstractDC stray current has a great influence on the corrosion of buried pipelines. In this article, first, we deduce the equation of DC stray current interference on pipeline and determine the corresponding boundary conditions. Second, we discretize the mathematical model with boundary element method. Third, the numerical simulation software BEASY is applied to study the interference corrosion of cathodic protection system. Five types of cathodic protection (CP) interference are considered, namely, anodic, cathodic, combined, induced, and joint interference. Moreover, the effects of different parameters on the degree of the CP interference are investigated. The results show that the degree of interference will decrease with the increase of soil conductivity; smaller coating damage rate will make interference more concentrated; anode parameters have a significant impact on anodic interference but have almost no effect on cathodic interference; for combined, induced, and joint interference, the likelihood for corrosion occurrence will be high at the current outflow point on pipeline.

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Jeong, Jin A. "Cathodic Prevention and Cathodic Protection of Concrete Slab with Zinc Sacrificial Anode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 597 (July 2014): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.597.341.

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This study is to acquire the confirmation data regarding the cathodic protection and cathodic prevention characteristics for concrete slab specimens in marine environments. It was possible to confirm the performance of cathodic protection system by the measurement of potentials and current density for the concrete slab specimens applied with zinc mesh sacrificial anode in mortar topside of the concrete specimens. The current density for the cathodic protection (CProt) that CP started after a repair of corrosion was higher than that for the cathodic prevention (CPrev) that CP commenced from the beginning of experiment, and 4 hour depolarization potentials were higher in the CPrev system than in the CProt one, and it was confirmed that the CPrev has more protection effect with less protection current, comparing to the CProt. It was also confirmed that the CP of both CPrev and CProt by means of zinc mesh sacrificial anode for reinforced concrete structures were very effective corrosion protection technology in marine environments.

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Jeong, Jin A. "Cathodic Protection Effect of Reinforced Concrete Beam Specimens with Zinc Sacrificial Anode in Marine Environment." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.345.

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This study is to acquire the confirmation data regarding the cathodic protection characteristics for reinforced concrete beam specimens with zinc sacrificial anode in 15% salt water. It was possible to confirm the performance of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system by the measurement of potentials and concrete resistivity for the reinforced concrete beam specimens applied with zinc sacrificial anode in mortar topside of the concrete specimens. The corrosion potential and cathodic protection potential were measured by potentiostat, and 4 hour depolarization potentials were measured after disconnecting with anode for 4 hours. It was confirmed that the cathodic protection for reinforced concrete structures by means of zinc sacrificial anode were very effective corrosion protection technology in marine environments.

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Shurayts, Alexander, Denis Maruhin, Hajiahmed Zubailov, and Yury Tomashevskiy. "Energy efficient station for cathodic protection of underground metalic pipelines using pulsed current modes." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912102010.

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The perspectivity of protection against corrosion by pulsed current in terms of improving the energy efficiency of cathodic protection stations (CPS) are shown. The cathode polarization of the steel structure to the required protective potential values is provided by the station-controlled current parameters, as well as the transition from the direct current mode to the pulse mode and vice versa. A combined load model was implemented, including a traditional electric circuit for replacing a pipeline and a model based on fuzzy rules (FR), which connect the value of protective potential with the state of protective coatings of an underground steel structure, as well as the parameters of exposure to a corrosive environment. The control of the CPS modes using the FR system made it possible to optimize the station’s power consumption modes taking into account the variability of external environmental factors affecting the underground pipelines.

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Ren, Zhenxing, Daowu Yang, Jun Liu, Yong Ma, Zhongtang Huo, and Shaochang Zheng. "The protection of 500kV substation grounding grids with combined conductive coating and cathodic protection." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 62, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-10-2013-1311.

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Purpose – The purpose of the paper was to design an anti-corrosion system that combined conductive coatings with cathodic protection for a 500-kV substation ground grid, and provide a basis for the anti-corrosion construction of the installation. Design/methodology/approach – The study took the Shaoguan 500-kV substation grounding grid as the research object. The anti-corrosion performance of KV conductive coatings on grounding metal was researched. In parallel, the alkalinity of substation soil was evaluated according to the German DIN50929 Standard, and the combined protection system comprising conductive coatings and impressed current cathodic protection was designed. Findings – KV conductive coatings, that have resistance to acids, alkalis and salts, can effectively slow down the corrosion rate of the grounding grid. The investigation also provided the outline design, installation, construction requirements and monitoring methods for the 500-kV substation grounding grid. Originality/value – This report contains some guiding significance for anti-corrosion engineering of 500-kV substation grounding grids.

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Liu, Yan Qiang, and Zhi Shan Liang. "Study of Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Soil under Alternating Current Influence." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1852.

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The AC corrosion behavior of 16Mn steel under cathodic protection is investigated by the experiments carried out in labortary. The weight loss test showed that the corrosion rate of 16Mn steel sample under different alteranting voltage interference is influenced greatly by the applied cathodic protection level.

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Chernov, Boris Borisovich, Van Mung Vu, Anac Maskharovich Nugmanov, and Lyudmila Yuryevna Firsova. "Cathodic protection of structures in seawater using solar panels." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912102004.

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It is well known that the cathodic protection of structures in seawater is accompanied by the formation of calcareous deposits on them. In current study, we consider the physicochemical modelling of the formation of the deposit composition against cathode current density in seawater. The reliability of the model representations is confirmed by direct experiments. The work also studied the protective properties of the deposits with a different composition for low-alloy steels in natural sea water. It has been shown that the deposits of pure Mg(OH)2 and the deposits of CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2 had better protective ability against corrosion than the deposits of pure CaCO3. However, the deposits of Mg(OH)2 dissolved faster than the deposits of CaCO3 and CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2. Theoretical concepts and experiments on the laws governing the formation of the deposits and their protective properties are in complete agreement with each other. This allows to use the obtained patterns in the cathodic protection of structures in sea water using solar panels, forming standard deviations with predetermined protective properties in the daytime.

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Garcia, David, Stéphane Laurens, and Stéphane Panin. "Electrochemical behavior of zinc layer anodes used for galvanic protection of steel in reinforced concrete." RILEM Technical Letters 3 (December 20, 2018): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2018.68.

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Steel corrosion is the most common reason for the premature deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Consequently, cathodic protection of steel in concrete has been substantially developed during the past two decades. In particular, galvanic protection consists in generating a natural macrocell corrosion system in which a sacrificial metallic anode (zinc, typically) is involved to apply a cathodic polarization to the corroding steel layout, in order to mitigate or annihilate the corrosion kinetics. Whether the general principle of cathodic protection is not questionable, the global design process can be significantly improved by increasing the knowledge on electrochemical behaviours of the different components of the protecting system. Regarding zinc anodes in concrete, the literature is very scarce. The time evolution of such systems is also not rigorously addressed, aging effects are systematically ignored and zinc anodes are usually considered as non-polarizable and inert over time. In this paper, the polarization response of a zinc layer anode (ZLA) in concrete electrolyte and its time evolution are studied. The results show a rapid evolution of the ZLA behavior, once the protecting system is connected to steel reinforcements. Moreover, the characterization of ZLA provided relevant electrochemical properties for the numerical design of galvanic protection systems.

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Fitrullah, Muhammad, Siti Mutia Mawaddah, Wahyudin, P. Tarigan, O. Soesaptri, Suryana, Yanyan Dwiyanti, et al. "The Effect Rust and Over-Protection Voltage of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection towards LR Grade a Steel Disbondment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.92.

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Corrosion at the bilge due to direct contact with the seawater is an issue which is necessary to be taken into account. The problem can be solved by giving combined protection such as coating and cathodic protection impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP). For broader range, there is occasionally a possibility of over-protection at certain area especially that is close to anodes. It can trigger cathodic disbondment to occur. Cathodic disbondment is a situation when the coating loses its adhesion to the steel due to the voltage originated from cathodic protection. This trial was conducted by using several samples of LR Grade A plate coated by primer coat epoxy and top coat polyurethane. The plate was then given artificial defect with the size of R2, R3 and R4 accoring to ISO 4628-3 or is equal to 0,5% ; 1% and 8% of the plate surface width. Futhermore, impressed current cathodic protection was conducted with the steel anode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode and over-protection voltage were-1,5 ; -2,0 ; -2,5 ; -3,0 ; -3,5 and-4,0 volt. Electrolyte media employed was seawater. Furthermore, the disbondment taken place was measured after 6 hours and analyzed the corrosion product produced. In the research, it could be seen that the broader the defect was, the smaller the disbondment area was. The width of disbondment area was depending on current density. The smaller the voltage (volt) was, the broader the disbondment in accordance with the increase of disbondment width taking place on the plate surface. The corrosion product produced was Fe3O4 (Magnetite).

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Gurrappa, I., I. V. S. Yashwanth, and I. Mounika. "Cathodic Protection Technology for Protection of Naval Structures Against Corrosion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences 85, no. 1 (December 25, 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40010-014-0182-0.

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Bertolini, L., F. Bolzoni, L. Lazzari, and P. Pedeferri. "Anwendung des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes für den Bewehrungsstahl in Beton / Applications of Cathodic Protection to Steel in Concrete." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2000-5517.

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Abstract The paper deals with the application of cathodic protection of steel in atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete. The use of this technique to control corrosion rate in chloride contaminated constructions and to improve the corrosion resistance of reinforcement in new structures expected to become contaminated is discussed. The more recent applications of cathodic protection on carbonated concrete are also considered. For each type of application, principles and operating conditions (potential and current applied, throwing power, risk of hydrogen embrittlement in the case of prestressed structures) are discussed. Examples of cathodic protection and prevention in bridges, and buildings are reported.

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Liu, Xiaoling, Yawei Shao, Mingshun Liu, Shougang Chen, Fuhui Wang, and Longqiang Wang. "LEIS study of the protection of zinc phosphate/epoxy coatings under cathodic protection." RSC Advances 6, no. 52 (2016): 46479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06377b.

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The anti-corrosion properties of the defective zinc phosphate/epoxy coatings under cathodic protection (CP) in a 3.5% NaCl solution were evaluated by localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy.

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Mei, Bi Xiang. "Corrosion Protection Design of Support Structures for Offshore Wind Turbines with Analysis of Material Properties." Advanced Materials Research 703 (June 2013): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.703.336.

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The paper provides a review about the corrosion ,corrosion protection and material properties of support structures for offshore wind turbines. Firstly, the current state of corrosion protection research on offshore wind turbines is discussed. Secondly, types of the marine corrosion environment, corrosivity categories and material properties are summarized in a systematic way.Finally, practical solutions to the corrosion protection of support structures, including cathodic protection ,coatings and silane impregnation, are discussed.

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Ridha, M., M. Safuadi, Syifaul Huzni, Israr Israr, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin, and Abdul Razak Daud. "The Evaluation of Cathodic Protection System Design by Using Boundary Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.642.

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Cathodic protection system is one of corrosion protection systems that well acknowledged protecting infrastructure such as pipeline and storage tank. Early damage of the infrastructure can be caused by improper design of the protection system. Currently, many cathodic protection systems are designed only based on the previous experiences. It is urgently needed the tool that can be used to simulate the effectiveness of any design of cathodic protection system before the system is applied to any structure. In this study, the three-dimensional boundary element method was developed to simulate the effectiveness of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system. The potential in the domain was modeled using Laplace equation. The equation was solved by applying boundary element method, hence the potential and current density on the metal surface and at any location in the domain can be obtained. The boundary conditions on the protected structures and sacrificial anode were represented by their polarization curves. A cathodic protection system for liquid storage tank and submersible pump were evaluated in this study. The effect of placement of sacrificial anode were examined to optimize the protection system. The result shows that the proposed method can be used as a tool to simulate the effectiveness of the sacrificial anode cathodic protection system.

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Arda Widyaksa, Arda, Pompy Pratisna, Wawan Kusdiana, and M. Yunus Abdullah. "DESIGN ANALYSIS OF IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION (ICCP) SYSTEM FOR UNDERWATER STRUCTURE OF INDONESIAN WARSHIP (KRI)." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i1.210.

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In carrying out these basic tasks the Navy relies heavily on the readiness of the Indonesian Warship (KRI),including the readiness of underwater construction in KRI from corrosion attack on sea water. Nowadays, KRIuses Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection (SACP) from corrosion attack. Whereas, SACP system has someweakness, such as the lifetime protection is short. The aim of this paper is to the analysis of Impressed CurrentCathodic Protection (ICCP) design of the underwater structure of KRI using computative theory calculation andspecimen test. The results of ICCP design showed that the specimens I required 0.081 Ampere (A) forprotection current, specimen 2 required 0.010 A for protection current, specimens 3 required 0.00251 A. Withpotential protection between -800 mV up to -1100 mV, it described that the ICCP system is reasonable. Theresult of cathodic protection design towards an underwater structure of KRI (TR-40 Type) showed that 1.75 forAmpere (A) and 3.35 volt DC for voltage. The benefit of this paper is a reference standard in the planning of theICCP design at KRI.Keywords: Corrosion, Underwater Structure of Warship, Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP).

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Chung, Nguyen-Thuy, Min-Sung Hong, and Jung-Gu Kim. "Optimizing the Required Cathodic Protection Current for Pre-Buried Pipelines Using Electrochemical Acceleration Methods." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030579.

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Several corrosion mitigation methods are generally applied to pipelines exposed to corrosive environments. However, in the case of pre-buried pipelines, the only option for corrosion inhibition is cathodic protection (CP). To apply CP, the required current should be defined even though the pipeline is covered with various oxide layers. In this study, an electrochemical acceleration test was used to investigate the synthetic soil corrosion of a pre-buried pipeline. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments were first conducted to ascertain the corrosion current density in the environment, and galvanostatic measurements were performed to accelerate corrosion according to the operating time. In addition, corrosion current density and the properties of the rust layer were investigated via potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The variation in surface corrosion was subsequently analyzed via optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Finally, an empirical equation for the optimized CP current requirement, according to the pipeline service time, was derived. This equation can be applied to any corroded pipeline.

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Yang, Huan, Shi Qiu, Yu Feng Lu, Zhen Xing Liu, and Fei Lu. "Experimental Study on Corrosion Prevention of a Multilayer Coating System." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1307.

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Aiming to the corrosion prevention of 16MnR steel surface in the light aggregate concrete, the paper applies a kind of corrosion prevention system composed of layered coating. It utilizes measurement methods such as field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy disperse spectroscopy to study the corrosion and change process of this kind of coating system in the surface of 16MnR steel in the environment of light aggregate concrete and make the evaluation on its effect of corrosion protection. The experiment result indicates that due to its mechanical masking function, the layered coating system can effectively restrain immersion of the corrosive medium in early corrosion period so as to protect the metallic matrix. With the deepening of the corrosion, the nanometer Zn particle has the function of cathodic protection on the metallic matrix, effectively enhancing the comprehensive corrosion protection ability of the coating system.

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A. Khadom, Anees, and Khalid W. Hameed. "Prevention of Steel Corrosion by Cathodic Protection Techniques." International Journal of Chemical Technology 4, no. 1 (December 15, 2011): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijct.2012.17.30.

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Briggs, Tobinson, and obioma M. Eseonu. "Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors on Cathodic Protection System." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 8, no. 3 (February 25, 2014): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v8p222.

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Hagarová M., J. Cervová, and F. Jaš. "Selected types of corrosion degradation of pipelines." Koroze a ochrana materialu 59, no. 1 (April 22, 2015): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2015-0010.

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Abstract The paper deals with corrosion degradation of gas pipeline. Pipelines play very important role as means transporting gas media over long distances from producers to end-users. Gas pipelines present a risk of potential corrosion degradation that can result in their failure. Corrosion on internal surfaces of steel pipes takes place in CO2, H2S, H2O and chloride environment. Degradation of steel results in loss of mechanical properties, reduction in thickness and ultimate perforation and failure. Corrosion is the electrochemical process that involves the fl ow of electrical currents on a micro or macro scale. For corroding steel, the anodic and the cathodic reactions produces the electrochemical cell. Corrosion protection of internal pipeline surface is based mainly on chemical composition of gas and the use of inhibitors. Corrosion protection of the external steel surface of the product line involves coatings and cathodic protection.

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Li, Xintao, Yanchun Zhu, Haibin Li, Yong Niu, and Chenglong Yang. "A New Method of Edge Crack Suppression in the Rolling Process of Magnesium Alloy Sheet and Study on the Method of Cathodic Protection." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 7, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3169517.

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A new method is proposed to solve edge cracking and corrosion in rolling process of the magnesium alloy plate. Usually in the process, the edge cracking is caused by the great temperature difference between the edge and the center of the alloy plate and the corrosion is by water in air. The method uses hot air wrapped around the plate to perfectly prevent edge cracking and corrosion. The method also includes cathodic protection for the magnesium alloy based on electrochemistry. The suppression of cathodic protection on the chemical activity of the magnesium alloy was studied. The experiment shows that the new method of edge heating with hot air wrapping is effective to prevent edge cracking and corrosion. Also, the cathodic protection can effectively suppress the chemical activity of the magnesium alloy and improve the surface quality in the rolling process of the magnesium plate, which provides a new concept in rolling process of the magnesium alloy.

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Jeong, Jin A. "Cathodic Prevention and Cathodic Protection of Zinc Mesh Sacrificial Anode for Reinforced Concrete in 15% Salt Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.167.

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This study is to acquire the confirmation data regarding the cathodic protection and cathodic prevention characteristics for concrete piles in marine bridges and piers exposed to harsh marine environments. It was possible to confirm the performance of cathodic protection by the measurement of potentials and current density the concrete pile specimens applied with zinc mesh sacrificial anode cathodic protection system. The current density for the cathodic protection (CProt) that CP started after a repair of corrosion was higher than that for the cathodic prevention (CPrev) that CP commenced from the beginning of experiment, and 4 hour depolarization potentials were higher in the CPrev system than in the CProt one, and it was confirmed that the CPrev has more protection effect with less protection current, comparing to the CProt.

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Pistolesi, L. ,., and C. ,. Zaffaroni. "Corrosion protection of embedded steel bars in concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819905007.

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The design and construction of structures is a responsible decision, based on sound engineering principles, and virtuous and cautious consideration should be paramount. This presentation is based on the results of two different field studies to protect and ensure longevity of structural reinforced steel in structural concrete.1) Application of sacrificial anodes for the galvanic cathodic protection of reinforced steel.2) Application of a cementitious polymer based elastic coating as a viable corrosion protection system against aggressive elements. The use of these materials allows the protection and increases durability of reinforcement steel in concrete, from premature degradation caused by carbonation and chloride attack, ensuring an extended life span.Sacrificial anodes for galvanic cathodic protection are composed of zinc in conjunction with electrolytic gels that, thanks to electrochemical processes, once connected with the reinforcement steel, lower the potential of corrosion to the reinforcement steel themselves. Thus, allowing the prolongation of corrosive events in structures which need to be repaired whilst preventing degradation, if correctly applied, in new structures.Furthermore, in such protection systems, a polymer-modified cementitious membrane is used, with superior elastic and crack bridge properties in environmental exposure temperatures of up to -20°C, thus protecting the concrete from penetration of carbon dioxide and chloride attack.Due to an in-depth laboratory study in combination with live field tests, this paper will highlight that a 2-mm thick protection layer can effectively counteract the penetration of CO2 for over 50 years, and is comparable to a concrete cover thickness of 54 mm of concrete, at a w/c ratio of 0,5. With regards to chloride attack, studies confirm that 2,5 mm of coating equals 30 mm of concrete cover at a w/c ratio of 0,452.

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Kim, Won Beom, and Jeom Kee Paik. "Evaluation of Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation Characteristics of TMCP Steel in Synthetic Seawater under Cathodic Protection." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1145.

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In this research, corrosion fatigue tests using tensile strength of 490MPa TMCP steel were performed in synthetic seawater condition to investigate the corrosion fatigue crack propagation characteristics. The influence of cathodic protection at -800mV vs. SCE on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior was investigated. Relationships between da/dN versus ΔK for the material were obtained by two types of test specimens. In the present study, F(α,β) versus α(= 2a/W) relationship for the CCT specimen was calculated by J integral approach, while that for the CT specimen was determined from ASTM E647. It is found that the fatigue crack propagation rate of TMCP steel in synthetic seawater condition is faster than that in air condition at least twice. Also, it is observed that the fatigue crack propagation rate of steel with cathodic protection is in between those of seawater condition without cathodic protection and air condition.

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Funahashi, Miki, and Walter T. Young. "Cathodic Protection of Prestressed Bridge Members—Full-Scale Testing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1561, no. 1 (January 1996): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156100103.

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The results of a study on the use of cathodic protection on prestressed and post-tensioned concrete bridge members are summarized. Previous laboratory tests to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel embedded in concrete have proven that cathodic protection will generate hydrogen on high-strength steel in concrete if the potential is more negative than the thermodynamic hydrogen evolution potential. The hydrogen generated will enter the steel and cause a loss in ductility that will adversely affect the steel's performance if a notch is present. Full-scale beams were constructed to further study those phenomena. Four pretensioned beams were constructed. In addition, two post-tensioned slabs were constructed to evaluate cathodic protection of anchorages and tendons encased in metal or plastic conduits. Cathodic protection currents were supplied by IR drop-free potential controlled rectifiers. Good potential control at control points was achieved by using externally mounted silver-silver chloride reference electrodes and a conductive gel bridge. However, inconsistent potential control occurred at locations other than at the control points. Later in the study, constant current power supplies were used on two of the beams. Hydrogen entering the steel as the result of corrosion appears to have masked the presence of hydrogen that might have been produced by cathodic protection. The analysis also revealed that there was corrosion of some pretensioned wires at crossings with interior steel reinforcing bars due to interference (stray current) caused by cathodic protection application. Analysis of the post-tensioned slabs indicated little effect of cathodic protection on tendons inside plastic or metal ducts from the application of cathodic protection. Beneficial effects were noted on anchor points where mortar was in contact with the metal.

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Guo, Yanbao, Zhenyuan Liu, Hui Huang, Deguo Wang, and Renyang He. "Research on the stress corrosion and cathodic protection of API X80 steel under AC stray current interference." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 68, no. 4 (August 7, 2021): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-03-2021-2463.

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Purpose The corrosion of buried steel pipelines is becoming more serious because of stress corrosion, stray current corrosion and other reasons. This paper aims to study the various alternating current (AC) interference densities on the stress corrosion cracking behaviors of X80 steel samples under cathodic protection (CP) in the simulated soil electrolyte environment by using an electrochemical method. Design/methodology/approach The change of corrosion rate and surface morphology of the X80 steel samples at various AC current densities from 0 to 150 A/m2 or CP potential between −750 and −1,200 mV in the soil-simulating environment was revealed by the electrochemical methods and slow strain rate testing methods. Findings The results revealed that with the increase of interference density, the corrosion potential of the X80 steel samples shifted to the negative side, and the corrosion pitting was observed on the surface of the sample, this may cause a danger of energy leak. Moreover, the corrosion rate was found to follow a corresponding change with the stress–strain curve. Besides, with the introduction of the CP system, the corrosion rate of the X80 steel working electrode decreased at a low cathodic potential, while showed an opposite behavior at high cathodic potential. In this study, the correlation between AC stray current, cathodic potential and stress was established, which is beneficial to the protection of oil and gas pipeline. Originality/value Investigation results are of benefit to provide a new CP strategy under the interference of AC stray current corrosion and stress corrosion to reduce the corrosion rate of buried pipelines and improve the safety of pipeline transportation.

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Yu, Q. S., C. M. Reddy, C. E. Moffitt, D. M. Wieliczka, R. Johnson, J. E. Deffeyes, and H. K. Yasuda. "Improved Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloys by System Approach Interface Engineering: Part 2—AA2024-T3." Corrosion 56, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 887–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3280592.

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Abstract This study investigates the development of a chromate-free corrosion protection system for AA2024-T3 ([2B]) based on the concept of system approach interface engineering (SAIE) by chemical and plasma techniques. An anode magnetron-enhanced direct current (DC) cathodic plasma process was used to enhance the bonding to and the protection offered by a cathodically electrodeposited epoxy-based primer (E-coat) on [2B]. Corrosion test results of SO2 and Prohesion salt spray tests indicated that superior corrosion protection properties of [2B] were achieved with the aid of plasma interface engineering, tailoring specific properties of the interfaces. Many of these plasma polymer-enhanced systems on [2B] outperformed the controls used in this study: chromate conversion coated and then primer (Deft 44-GN-36) coated [2B], as well as chromate conversion coated and then cathodic E-coated [2B]. The corrosion protection properties of [2B] were strongly dependent on the surface preparation of the alloy, which was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma polymer-coated systems prepared on alkaline-cleaned [2B] surfaces displayed enhanced corrosion protection properties.

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MAQSOOD, MUHAMMAD FAHEEM, MOHSIN ALI RAZA, ZAEEM UR REHMAN, MUHAMMAD ABID, AQIL INAM, and SHAHID IQBAL. "CORROSION STUDY OF ZINC-RICH EPOXY ESTER PAINTS FOR COLD GALVANIZING OF MILD STEEL." Surface Review and Letters 28, no. 07 (May 19, 2021): 2150064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x21500645.

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This study aims at producing zinc (Zn)-rich epoxy ester (EE) paints for cold galvanizing of mild steel. Zn particles with a narrow particle size distribution of 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m were dispersed in EE resin by vacuum centrifuge mixer. The effect of Zn concentration in EE resin on cathodic protection ability of resulting paints was studied. Galvanic corrosion protection ability of the paints was studied in 3.5% (mass ratio) NaCl solution using electrochemical characterization techniques such as open circuit potential (OCP), Tafel analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that cathodic protection ability depends on the loading of Zn particles in the EE and it is effective when the mass fraction of Zn was equal to or exceeded 90%. At this concentration, Zn particles developed interconnecting conducting networks as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which were responsible for the galvanic effect of the coating. The EE paints developed at mass ratio below 90% behaved as a conventional organic barrier coating and did not show any cathodic protection effect due to the lack of contact between Zn particles. The EE paint showed good resistance to abrasion and wear. The electrochemical behavior of Zn-rich EE paint (with cathodic protection ability) developed in this study was compared with commercial acrylic-based “cold galvanized paint” (Roval). EE-based “cold galvanized paints” were found to be more protective and long lasting compared to commercial “cold galvanized paints”.

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Zakowski, Krzysztof, Michal Narozny, and Kazimierz Darowicki. "Protection of bridges against stray current corrosion." BALTIC JOURNAL OF ROAD AND BRIDGE ENGINEERING 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.02.

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A case study of Siennicki Bridge stray current corrosion hazard is presented. A corrosion risk was caused by incorrectly designed tram line traction which goes over the bridge. No dielectric insulation between running rails and bridge steel construction was used. A variety of protection methods against stray currents are described. Characteristics of the endangered bridge were described. Impressed current cathodic protection system against stray currents was proposed and designed at the Department of Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Materials Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology. Coupon technique measurements and potential measurements were performed to verify the effectiveness of the protection system.

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Dzhala, R. M., B. Ya Verbenets’, V. R. Dzhala, V. P. Lozovan, and O. I. Senyuk. "Determination of corrosion rate in places of insulation damage of underground pipelines." Information extraction and processing 2020, no. 48 (December 21, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2020.48.035.

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The electromagnetic method of non-contact current measurements makes it possible to quickly monitor the state of passive (insulating coatings) and active (cathodic polarization) corrosion protection of underground pipelines (UP); detect places of unsatisfactory insulation, determine the transient resistance and its components (resistances of soil, insulating layer, polarization) in different sections, the area of insulation damage, the current distribution of cathodic protection of UP. In combination with contact measurements of direct and alternating voltages, ohmic and polarization potentials, it is possible to determine the polarization resistance and estimate the corrosion rate.

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Zhang, Xin, Xue Dong Wu, Jian Zhong Li, Hui Wang, Dan Dai, and Zhen Lun Song. "Anticorrosion Behaviors of Quaternary Polyethyleneimine in Acidic Environment." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.136.

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Polymeric compounds are of great interest as corrosion inhibitors in acidic environment due to their inherent stability. Polymeric film is effectively used for the protection of metals partly owing to their capacity to act as a physical barrier between the metal surface and the corrosive environment. In this paper, a cation polyelectrolyte inhibitor (Quaternary Polyethyleneimine, QPEI) was prepared. The quality and inhibition efficiency of QPEI self-adsorbed films were studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The compositions and morphologies of the polymer film on the steel surface were examined with the aids of SEM and XPS, respectively. The results showed that QPEI could greatly retard the corrosion of iron in sulfuric acid, which was attributed mainly to the protective QPEI film formed on the surface. Meanwhile, the inhibition of QPEI could be supposed as a mixed process, in which both cathodic and anodic corrosions were simultaneously restrained. Based on the results of XPS and SEM, it could be evidenced that the QPEI can form a protective polymer layer on the metal surface by adsorption.

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Huang, Yan Bin, Gao Wei Song, Hua Dong Ding, Xue Bin Liu, and Xin Hai Shao. "Cathodic Protection Performance of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ga-Mn Sacrificial Anode." Advanced Materials Research 214 (February 2011): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.296.

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The solubility and cathodic protection performance of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ga-Mn sacrificial anode in natural corrosion and self-discharge experiment was studied using electrochemistry impedance spectrum technology, weight-loss measurement and SEM. The results show that the corrosion rate of 7A52 was decreased under the protection of sacrificial anodes in the self-discharge experiment, and sacrificial anodes dissolved uniformity due to the effect of active location, the corrosion products are easy to shed. Only location corrosion occurs on the sacrificial anode’s surface which is influenced by corrosion products and oxide film in natural corrosion experiment.

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Jeong, Jin A., and Chung Kuk Jin. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Cathodic Protection System for Concrete Slab Specimens with Zn-Mesh Sacrificial Anode in Marine Environment." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.264.

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This study is to acquire the confirmation data regarding the cathodic protection (CP) characteristics for slabs in marine bridges and piers exposed to hash seawater environments. It was possible to confirm the performance of CP only by the measurement of CP potentials for the slab specimens applied with zinc mesh sacrificial anode CP system. The CP current density for the cathodic protection (CProt) that CP started after a repair of corrosion was 2 times higher than that for the cathodic prevention (CPrev) that CP commenced from the beginning of experiment, and the most of protection current density (87.0-91.5%) flew to the closer top rebar in slab specimens. 4 hour depolarization potentials were higher in the CPrev system than in the CProt one, and it was confirmed that the CPrev has more protection effect with less protection current, comparing to the CProt. It was also confirmed that the CP of both CPrev and CProt by means of zinc mesh sacrificial anode for reinforced concrete structures were very effective corrosion protection technology in marine environment.

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Hliyil Hafiz, Mohammed. "Corrosion Control by Impressed Cathodic Protection Using Intelligent Systems." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.14.3987.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cathodic corrosion protection'

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