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Journal articles on the topic 'Cathodic Disbondment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Fitrullah, Muhammad, Siti Mutia Mawaddah, Wahyudin, P. Tarigan, O. Soesaptri, Suryana, Yanyan Dwiyanti, et al. "The Effect Rust and Over-Protection Voltage of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection towards LR Grade a Steel Disbondment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.92.

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Corrosion at the bilge due to direct contact with the seawater is an issue which is necessary to be taken into account. The problem can be solved by giving combined protection such as coating and cathodic protection impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP). For broader range, there is occasionally a possibility of over-protection at certain area especially that is close to anodes. It can trigger cathodic disbondment to occur. Cathodic disbondment is a situation when the coating loses its adhesion to the steel due to the voltage originated from cathodic protection. This trial was conducted by using several samples of LR Grade A plate coated by primer coat epoxy and top coat polyurethane. The plate was then given artificial defect with the size of R2, R3 and R4 accoring to ISO 4628-3 or is equal to 0,5% ; 1% and 8% of the plate surface width. Futhermore, impressed current cathodic protection was conducted with the steel anode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode and over-protection voltage were-1,5 ; -2,0 ; -2,5 ; -3,0 ; -3,5 and-4,0 volt. Electrolyte media employed was seawater. Furthermore, the disbondment taken place was measured after 6 hours and analyzed the corrosion product produced. In the research, it could be seen that the broader the defect was, the smaller the disbondment area was. The width of disbondment area was depending on current density. The smaller the voltage (volt) was, the broader the disbondment in accordance with the increase of disbondment width taking place on the plate surface. The corrosion product produced was Fe3O4 (Magnetite).

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2

Wang, Xinhua, Zuquan Wang, Yingchun Chen, Xuting Song, and Yong Yang. "Effect of a DC Stray Current on the Corrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel and the Cathodic Disbondment Behavior of the Protective 3PE Coating in 3.5% NaCl Solution." Coatings 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010029.

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The influence of a direct current (DC) stray current on the corrosion and cathodic disbondment of X80 steel coated with a polyethylene (3PE) coating in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied by immersion experiments, electrochemical tests, three-dimensional microscopy, and a surface analysis. The results showed that the potential of the X80 steel sample shifts under the direct current. After 100A/m2 DC interference was applied, the potential of the sample in the anode region positively shifted from –0.68 to –0.43 V. At the same time, the sample in the cathode region negatively shifted to –1.45 V. Under the DC anode action, the X80 steel corrosion exhibited no passivation and followed Faraday’s law of electrolysis, in which the corrosion rate is proportional to the current density. Three-dimensional (3D) digital microscopy showed that, as the DC current increased, the depth of the corrosion pit also increased (gradually), indicating a higher corrosion degree. The sample in the cathode region only underwent a hydrogen evolution reaction, which caused cathodic disbondment of the coating. The stray current had a critical current density for the coating disbonding: the coating delamination area reached its maximum and then remained unchanged.

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3

Roy, Debashis, George P. Simon, and Maria Forsyth. "Improved cathodic disbondment performance of polyethylene blends." Polymer Engineering & Science 42, no. 4 (April 2002): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10990.

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4

Love, Corey T., Guijun Xian, and Vistasp M. Karbhari. "Cathodic disbondment resistance with reactive ethylene terpolymer blends." Progress in Organic Coatings 60, no. 4 (November 2007): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.07.022.

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5

Kamalanand, N., G. Gopalakrishnan, S. G. Ponnambalam, J. Mathiyarasu, R. N. Natarajan, P. Subramaniam, N. Palaniswamy, and N. S. Rengaswamy. "Role of hydrogen and hydroxyl ion in cathodic disbondment." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 45, no. 4 (August 1998): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035599810223779.

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6

Love, C. T., and V. M. Karbhari. "Filled reactive ethylene terpolymer primers for cathodic disbondment mitigation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 110, no. 3 (November 5, 2008): 1531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.28564.

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7

TabkhPaz, Majid, Dong-Yeob Park, Patrick C. Lee, Ron Hugo, and Simon S. Park. "Development of nanocomposite coatings with improved mechanical, thermal, and corrosion protection properties." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 8 (July 21, 2017): 1045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317720001.

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In this study, new composite coatings are fabricated and investigated for their applications as the metal coating. The studied coatings consist of two-layered composites with various nanoparticulates as fillers in a polymeric matrix (styrene acrylic). The first layer bonded to the steel plate uses a combination of zinc particles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoplatelets. For the second layer, hexagonal boron nitride with high electrical insulation properties is added to the matrix. The morphology of the nanoparticulates is conducted using a scanning electron microscope. The coefficient of thermal expansion, cathodic disbondment resistance, gas penetration, and scratch resistance of the coatings are evaluated. The corroded area on the cathodic disbondment test specimens reduced down up to 90% for the composite with zinc (20 wt%), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2 wt%), and graphene nanoplatelets (2 wt%), compared to a specimen coated with a pure polymer. It is seen that the presence of nanoparticulates decreased gas permeation and thermal expansion of the matrix by 75% and 65%, respectively. The addition of nanoparticulates also enhanced scratch resistance of the coating composites.

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8

Kuang, Da, and Y. Frank Cheng. "Study of cathodic protection shielding under coating disbondment on pipelines." Corrosion Science 99 (October 2015): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.07.012.

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9

Mahdavian, M., R. Naderi, M. Peighambari, M. Hamdipour, and S. A. Haddadi. "Evaluation of cathodic disbondment of epoxy coating containing azole compounds." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 21 (January 2015): 1167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.05.030.

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10

Pud, A. A., and G. S. Shapoval. "On Electrochemical Reductive Destruction and Cathodic Disbondment of Protective Polymeric Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 20-28 (January 1991): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.20-28.1101.

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11

Xu, Min, C. N. Catherine Lam, Dennis Wong, and Edouard Asselin. "Evaluation of the cathodic disbondment resistance of pipeline coatings – A review." Progress in Organic Coatings 146 (September 2020): 105728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105728.

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12

Papavinasam, Sankara, Michael Attard, R. Winston Revie, Sankara Papavinasam, Neal Berke, Sean Brossia, and S. W. Dean. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement during Cathodic Disbondment Experiment of Pipeline Coatings." Journal of ASTM International 6, no. 3 (2009): 101246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai101246.

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13

McHattie, J. S., I. L. Perez, and J. A. Kehr. "Factors affecting cathodic disbondment of epoxy coatings for steel reinforcing bars." Cement and Concrete Composites 18, no. 2 (January 1996): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0958-9465(95)00004-6.

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14

Fatehi, A., A. Eslami, M. A. Golozar, K. Raeissi, and R. Ashari. "Cathodic Protection Under a Simulated Coating Disbondment: Effect of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria." CORROSION 75, no. 4 (January 2, 2019): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2709.

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15

Warren, D. J., H. N. McMurray, and A. C. A. de Vooys. "Localised SKP Studies of Cathodic Disbondment on Chromium/Chromium Oxide Coated Steel." ECS Transactions 50, no. 47 (April 1, 2013): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05047.0067ecst.

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16

Stochaj, Paweł. "Analiza zjawiska odspajania katodowego powłoki na podstawie badań terenowych oraz badań laboratoryjnych." Nafta-Gaz 75, no. 8 (August 2019): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2019.08.05.

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17

Koehler, E. L. "The Oxide Film on Steel and Cathodic Disbondment of a Protective Organic Coating." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 132, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2114004.

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18

Roy, Debashis, George P. Simon, and Maria Forsyth. "Blends of maleic-anhydride-grafted polyethylene with polyethylene for improved cathodic disbondment performance." Polymer International 50, no. 10 (2001): 1115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.753.

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19

Eslami, A., R. Kania, B. Worthingham, G. V. Boven, R. Eadie, and W. Chen. "Corrosion of X-65 Pipeline Steel Under a Simulated Cathodic Protection Shielding Coating Disbondment." CORROSION 69, no. 11 (November 2013): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/0819.

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20

Kuang, D., and Y. F. Cheng. "Effect of alternating current interference on coating disbondment and cathodic protection shielding on pipelines." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 50, no. 3 (January 8, 2015): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743278214y.0000000246.

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21

Roy, D., G. P. Simon, M. Forsyth, and J. Mardel. "Towards a better understanding of the cathodic disbondment performance of polyethylene coatings on steel." Advances in Polymer Technology 21, no. 1 (2002): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.10010.

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22

Mahdavi, Fariba, Mike Yongjun Tan, and Maria Forsyth. "Communication—An Approach to Measuring Local Electrochemical Impedance for Monitoring Cathodic Disbondment of Coatings." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 163, no. 5 (2016): C228—C231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.1101605jes.

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23

Harun, M. K., J. Marsh, and S. B. Lyon. "The effect of surface modification on the cathodic disbondment rate of epoxy and alkyd coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 54, no. 4 (December 2005): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.07.007.

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24

Li, Jiankuan, Chong Sun, Morteza Roostaei, Mahdi Mahmoudi, Vahidoddin Fattahpour, Hongbo Zeng, and Jing-Li Luo. "Insights into the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Electroless Ni-P Coating in the CO2/H2S/Cl− Environment." Corrosion 76, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3371.

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The electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ni-P coating in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution-containing CO2 and H2S was investigated using electrochemical methods and surface characterization techniques. The results show that the presence of H2S can enhance the CO2 corrosion of Ni-P coated carbon steel by affecting both anodic and cathodic processes. The adsorbed layer only exists in the very early stage of corrosion and barely improves the anticorrosion performance of the coating. The formation of corrosion products (NiO and Ni3S2) renders temporary protection during immersion, but the addition of H2S accelerates the diffusion process at the electrolyte/coating interface and promotes the electrolyte penetration through the coating, causing severe localized corrosion and coating disbondment. A corrosion model is proposed to illustrate the corrosion and degradation process of Ni-P coated steel in the CO2/H2S/Cl− environment.

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25

Naderi, R., and M. M. Attar. "Cathodic disbondment of epoxy coating with zinc aluminum polyphosphate as a modified zinc phosphate anticorrosion pigment." Progress in Organic Coatings 69, no. 4 (December 2010): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.08.001.

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26

Naderi, R., and M. M. Attar. "Effect of zinc-free phosphate-based anticorrosion pigment on the cathodic disbondment of epoxy-polyamide coating." Progress in Organic Coatings 77, no. 4 (April 2014): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.01.012.

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27

Rossouw, Estelle, and Wesley Doorsamy. "Predictive Maintenance Framework for Cathodic Protection Systems Using Data Analytics." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185805.

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In the quest to achieve sustainable pipeline operations and improve pipeline safety, effective corrosion control and improved maintenance paradigms are required. For underground pipelines, external corrosion prevention mechanisms include either a pipeline coating or impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP). For extensive pipeline networks, time-based preventative maintenance of ICCP units can degrade the CP system’s integrity between maintenance intervals since it can result in an undetected loss of CP (forced corrosion) or excessive supply of CP (pipeline wrapping disbondment). A conformance evaluation determines the CP system effectiveness to the CP pipe potentials criteria in the NACE SP0169-2013 CP standard for steel pipelines (as per intervals specified in the 49 CFR Part 192 statute). This paper presents a predictive maintenance framework based on the core function of the ICCP system (i.e., regulating the CP pipe potential according to the NACE SP0169-2013 operating window). The framework includes modeling and predicting the ICCP unit and the downstream test post (TP) state using historical CP data and machine learning techniques (regression and classification). The results are discussed for ICCP units operating either at steady state or with stray currents. This paper also presents a method to estimate the downstream TP’s CP pipe potential based on the multiple linear regression coefficients for the supplying ICCP unit. A maintenance matrix is presented to remedy the defined ICCP unit states, and the maintenance time suggestion is evaluated using survival analysis, cycle times, and time-series trend analysis.

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28

Echeverría, M., C. M. Abreu, K. Lau, and C. A. Echeverría. "On the Role of Zn Pigments Against Natural and Cathodic Overprotection Disbondment of a Multilayer Paint System." CORROSION 71, no. 11 (November 2015): 1330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1719.

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29

Mahdavi, Fariba, Mike Y. J. Tan, and Maria Forsyth. "Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a tool to measure cathodic disbondment on coated steel surfaces: Capabilities and limitations." Progress in Organic Coatings 88 (November 2015): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.06.010.

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30

Li, Chan, Bei Cao, and Yinshun Wu. "An electrochemical method for evaluating the resistance to cathodic disbondment of anti-corrosion coatings on buried pipelines." Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material 14, no. 5 (October 2007): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8850(07)60082-6.

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31

Petrov, N. N., A. S. Alovyagina, M. N. Mikheev, N. N. Bukov, and V. T. Panyushkin. "The Influence of the Ionic Form of Input Diatomite on the Cathodic Disbondment of Bitumen–Polymer Coatings." Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 56, no. 3 (May 2020): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205120030272.

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32

Edy, James E., Hamilton N. McMurray, Koen R. Lammers, and Arnoud C. A. deVooys. "Kinetics of corrosion-driven cathodic disbondment on organic coated trivalent chromium metal-oxide-carbide coatings on steel." Corrosion Science 157 (August 2019): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.04.037.

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33

Naderi, R., and M. M. Attar. "The role of zinc aluminum phosphate anticorrosive pigment in Protective Performance and cathodic disbondment of epoxy coating." Corrosion Science 52, no. 4 (April 2010): 1291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.12.019.

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34

Papavinasam, S., M. Attard, and R. W. Revie. "Technical Note:Determination of Blister Formation of External Pipeline Coatings Based on Current Spikes in the Cathodic Disbondment Test." CORROSION 65, no. 10 (October 2009): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3319090.

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35

Roy, D., G. P. Simon, M. Forsyth, and J. Mardel. "Modification of thermoplastic coatings for improved cathodic disbondment performance on a steel substrate: a study on failure mechanisms." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 22, no. 5 (January 2002): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7496(02)00020-9.

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36

Mahdavi, Fariba, Maria Forsyth, and Mike Y. J. Tan. "Techniques for testing and monitoring the cathodic disbondment of organic coatings: An overview of major obstacles and innovations." Progress in Organic Coatings 105 (April 2017): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.11.034.

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37

Jia-Jiunn, Chiou Wang, Shang Long Li, Jiong Li, Ying Liu, Guang Xin Xu, and Ming Zhao. "Workability of Ribbed Bar with Nano-Ceramic Coating." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.84.

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A nanoceramic composite is proposed to coat steel rebar used in reinforced concrete with the purpose of protecting it from corroding. This is a new material in the civil engineering field. For this reason several tests have been performed over coated steel rebar with the nanoceramic composite in order to know its viability and its properties. A bending test showed that the coating is stiff, and therefore not flexible enough to bend it as a stirrup. For this reason if a bended rebar were needed, it should be bent before coating it. While the pull-out test concluded, there is no significant loss of bond strength due to the contact of the coating with the concrete. The chemical test indicated that the coating cannot bear strong alkali and acid environments, but resisted without problems under saline environments with neutral pH. Finally a cathodic disbondment test and a corrosion test were performed. These tests showed problems with the coating process because the behavior of during the execution of the test differed from the expected.

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38

Golabadi, M., M. Aliofkhazraei, M. Toorani, and A. Sabour Rouhaghdam. "Corrosion and cathodic disbondment resistance of epoxy coating on zinc phosphate conversion coating containing Ni 2+ and Co 2+." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 47 (March 2017): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.11.027.

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39

Ashari, R., A. Eslami, M. Shamanian, and S. Asghari. "Effect of weld heat input on corrosion of dissimilar welded pipeline steels under simulated coating disbondment protected by cathodic protection." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 2 (March 2020): 2136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.044.

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40

Hosseinirad, R., M. Toorani, and A. Sabour Rouhaghdam. "Corrosion Resistance and Cathodic Disbondment of Epoxy Coating Applied on Zinc Phosphate Conversion Coating Containing Different Amounts of Cobalt Ions." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 56, no. 1 (January 2020): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375520010081.

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41

Golabadi, M., M. Aliofkhazraei, and M. Toorani. "Corrosion behavior of zirconium-pretreated/epoxy-coated mild steel: New approach for determination of cathodic disbondment resistance by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 873 (August 2021): 159800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159800.

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42

Mahdavi, Fariba, Maria Forsyth, and Mike Y. J. Tan. "Understanding the effects of applied cathodic protection potential and environmental conditions on the rate of cathodic disbondment of coatings by means of local electrochemical measurements on a multi-electrode array." Progress in Organic Coatings 103 (February 2017): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.10.020.

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43

de la Fuente, D., M. Rohwerder, B. Chico, and M. Morcillo. "Scanning Kelvin Probe Study on the Stability of the Steel/Coating Interfaces Contaminated by Soluble Salts." Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (April 2009): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.253.

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The presence of hydrosoluble species, mainly chlorides and sulphates, at the metal/paint interface promotes osmotic blistering of the coating and underfilm metallic corrosion when the concentration of the soluble salts exceeds a critical level due to the accelerated entrance of water to the interface. Loss of adhesion and cathodic disbondment can be also consequences of the presence of soluble salts. These processes can lead to the deterioration of the paint system in a very short period of time. However, since the interface is not easily accessible by experiment, not much is known about interfacial structure, reactions and the processes causing degradation. Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) is an ideal tool for the in situ monitoring of the degradation processes at the buried interface. On the other hand, for an in-depth understanding it is important that the superposition of the effects of all different parameters involved can be disentangled. Hence, it is important to design experiments focussing on individual aspects of the complex system. A study of the fundamental aspects of the stability of the contaminated buried steel/coating interfaces, specially focused on the initial stages of blistering and underfilm corrosion, has been carried out. Results of the characterization study performed with a height-regulated SKP (HR-SKP) on surfaces contaminated at the interface by different salt concentrations with well defined crystal size and distribution are shown.

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44

Genovez, Mario Celso, Luiz Henrique Araujo, Tiago Dinis Pinto, and Radim Hrdina. "Applying a new concept of corrosion protection in the presence of water: hydrojetting application – effectiveness lab test." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-03-2015-1509.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the results of lab testing of a newly developed organic inhibitor V-active VCIs. The findings demonstrate that it is possible to eliminate or reduce the oxidizing action of water, thereby extending the allowable time before painting after hydrojetting, and that the new corrosion inhibitor technology does not interfere with the final quality of paint adhesion. Design/methodology/approach Metallic specimens were treated/washed in standard lab condition. A 2 per cent V-active VCI SPH1712 water solution was prepared by diluting the inhibitor in industrial water. Metal sample plates were examined after blasting and after subsequent drying, and were submitted to the paint adhesion tests, cathodic disbondment, total soluble salts, time for formation of flash rust and cyclic corrosion test type III (20 cycles), to evaluate the duration of temporary protection and oxidation prevention and influence on paint adherence. Findings Using the V-active VCI proposed technology, it was possible to minimize or eliminate the oxidizing action of the water when the metal is exposed to saline moisture in a closed environment, extending the acceptable time before painting without interfering with the final quality of painting. Practical implications The proposed technology allows an increase in the prepared (wet blasted) steel surface during cleaning and preparation, thereby reducing labor and product costs, and reduces water consumption during the preparation process. Practical applications in the shipbuilding, ship maintenance and oil and gas production industries include the preservation of internal tubes and pipes, protection during hydrostatic test processes and cleaning with water and corrosion prevention in diesel tanks contaminated with water. Originality/value The intent of this paper is to present the obtained results for a new formulation of organic chemical inhibitors that use water as the application medium. In addition to this property, this group of organic inhibitors maintains the properties of volatile inhibitors. Thus, these compounds are generically known as V-active VCIs.

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45

Ефремов, Александр Михайлович, Петр Дмитриевич Волянский, Павел Олегович Ревин, and Сергей Владимирович Ануфриев. "Application of factory-applied epoxy coatings for corrosion protection of buried trunk pipelines." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, no. 3 (August 25, 2021): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2021-11-3-293-303.

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При сооружении трубопроводов в России, странах Европы и Африки наиболее распространенным является применение труб с трехслойными полиэтиленовыми покрытиями. В то же время опыт строительства магистральных нефте- и газопроводов в США, Канаде, ряде других стран свидетельствует о возможности использования эпоксидных покрытий в качестве эффективной антикоррозионной защиты труб. В этой связи была начата научно-исследовательская работа по определению целесообразности применения двухслойных эпоксидных покрытий для антикоррозионной защиты магистральных трубопроводов подземной прокладки, эксплуатируемых организациями системы «Транснефть». Цель настоящего исследования - оценка технической и экономической целесообразности использования эпоксидных покрытий как альтернативы полиэтиленовой изоляции трубопроводов. Были проведены лабораторные исследования образцов трех систем эпоксидных покрытий, осуществлен сравнительный анализ технических свойств эпоксидной и полиэтиленовой изоляции. Установлено, что эпоксидные покрытия превосходят полиэтиленовые по ряду свойств, в частности обладают повышенной стойкостью к температурным воздействиям, УФ-излучению, катодному отслаиванию, а также повышенной механической прочностью, что позволяет обеспечить сохранность покрытия при строительстве трубопроводов методом наклонно-направленного бурения и прокладке в скальных грунтах. Основные мощности по производству сырья для эпоксидных порошковых покрытий локализованы в России, в то время как сырье для полиэтиленовых покрытий в основном производится за рубежом. Установлена экономическая целесообразность применения двухслойного эпоксидного покрытия как альтернативы трехслойному полиэтиленовому покрытию для трубопроводов больших диаметров - более 720 мм. Для внедрения труб с двухслойным эпоксидным покрытием на объектах ПАО «Транснефть» проводится его апробация, включающая строительство опытного участка трубопровода. When constructing pipelines in Russia, Europe, and Africa, it is the most common to use pipes with threelayer polyethylene coatings. At the same time, the oil and gas pipeline construction experience in the USA, Canada, and a number of other countries, as well as the construction of the Zapolyarye - Purpe elevated main pipeline by Transneft PJSC, indicates the possibility of using epoxy coatings as an effective pipe corrosion protection solution. In respect thereof, research study to determine the feasibility of using two-layer epoxy coatings for corrosion protection of underground pipelines operated by the Transneft system entities was instituted. The purpose of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of using epoxy coatings as an alternative to polyethylene insulation of pipelines. Laboratory studies of samples of three epoxy coating systems, as well as a comparative analysis of the process properties of epoxy and polyethylene insulation were conducted. It has been established that epoxy coatings are superior to polyethylene coatings in a number of properties, in particular, they are characterized by increased resistance to temperature effects, UV radiation, cathodic disbondment, as well as increased mechanical strength, which makes it possible to ensure safety of the coating during the construction of pipelines by directional drilling and laying in rocky soils. The main production facilities for raw materials for epoxy powder coatings are localized in Russia, while raw materials for polyethylene coatings are mainly produced abroad. The economic feasibility of using a twolayer epoxy coating as an alternative to a three-layer polyethylene coating for pipelines of large diameters (over 720 mm (28 in)) was established. Testing for the introduction of pipes with a two-layer epoxy coating at the Transneft PJSC facilities is being performed, including construction of an experimental pipeline section.

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Williams, Geraint, Christos Kousis, Neil McMurray, and Patrick Keil. "A mechanistic investigation of corrosion-driven organic coating failure on magnesium and its alloys." npj Materials Degradation 3, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41529-019-0103-4.

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AbstractThe failure mechanism of model organic coatings from Mg alloy surfaces is characterised by a combination in-situ scanning Kelvin probe analysis and time lapse photography. Initiation of underfilm corrosion by application of group I chloride salts to a penetrative coating defect produces an apparent cathodic-driven coating delamination, where the disbondment distance increases linearly with time at high relative humidity, although filiform corrosion (FFC) is also observed in the vicinity of the defect. The disbondment process occurs both in the presence and absence of oxygen, indicating that hydrogen evolution comprises the predominant underfilm cathodic reaction. Post-corrosion elemental analysis of the delaminated region shows an abundance of group I cation, but no chloride. When magnesium chloride or HCl are used to initiate corrosion, then only FFC is produced. The mechanism is discussed in terms of net anodic dissolution at the defect coupled with underfilm cathodic hydrogen evolution, producing organic coating disbondment under conditions where cations are able to transport ionic current within a zone of increased pH.

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Ding, Qingmiao. "Influence of AC Stray Current on Cathodic Disbondment of Epoxy Coatings." International Journal of Electrochemical Science, January 2021, 131063. http://dx.doi.org/10.20964/2021.01.30.

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48

"Localised SKP Studies of Cathodic Disbondment on Chromium/Chromium Oxide Coated Steel." ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2012-02/23/2287.

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Gadala, Ibrahim M., Magd Abdel Wahab, and Akram Alfantazi. "Electrochemical Corrosion Finite Element Analysis and Burst Pressure Prediction of Externally Corroded Underground Gas Transmission Pipelines." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 140, no. 1 (December 4, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4038224.

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An integrative numerical simulation approach for pipeline integrity analysis is presented in this work, combining a corrosion model, which is the main focus of this paper, with a complementary structural nonlinear stress analysis, using the finite element method (FEM). Potential distributions in the trapped water existing beneath pipeline coating disbondments are modeled in conjunction with reaction kinetics on the corroding exposed steel surface using a moving boundary mesh. Temperature dependencies (25 °C and 50 °C) of reaction kinetics do not greatly affect final corrosion defect geometries after 3-yr simulation periods. Conversely, cathodic protection (CP) levels and pH dependencies within the near-neutral pH range (6.7–8.5) strongly govern depth profiles caused by corrosion, reaching a maximum of ∼3 mm into the pipeline wall. A 0.25 V amplification of CP potential combined with a 0.5 mm widening in disbondment opening size reduces defect penetration by almost 30%. Resulting corrosion defect geometries are used for stress examinations and burst pressure evaluations. Furthermore, nonlinear elastic–plastic stress analysis is carried out using shell elements in order to predict the burst pressure of corroded pipes. Corrosion is modeled by reducing the stiffness of a damaged element that has the dimensions of the defect. The predicted burst pressures are in good agreement with those obtained using an experimental-based formula.

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KOEHLER, E. L. "ChemInform Abstract: THE OXIDE FILM ON STEEL AND CATHODIC DISBONDMENT OF A PROTECTIVE ORGANIC COATING." Chemischer Informationsdienst 16, no. 37 (September 17, 1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198537340.

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