Academic literature on the topic 'Catholic church, czechoslovakia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Catholic church, czechoslovakia"
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Coranič, Jaroslav. "Legalization of Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia in 1968." E-Theologos. Theological revue of Greek Catholic Theological Faculty 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10154-010-0017-3.
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Legalization of Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia in 1968 This study deals with the fate (history) of the Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia in 1968. Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia was liquidated by communist state power in the period of 1950 - 1968. The Church did not legally existed, its priests and believers were incorporated violently into the Orthodox Church. Improving this situation occurred in 1968, when so Prague Spring took place in Czechoslovakia. The legalization of the Greek Catholic Church was one of its result. This process was stopped by invasion of Warsaw Pact to the Czechoslovakia in August 1968. Full restoration of the Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia thus was occurred after the November revolution in 1989.
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CORANIČ, JAROSLAV. "The Liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church in Communist Czechoslovakia, 1948–50." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 72, no. 3 (February 9, 2021): 590–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046920001487.
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This article examines the liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia following the Communist takeover in February 1948. The Greek Catholic Church was to be separated from the mother Catholic Church and incorporated into the Orthodox Church. The process culminated at the irregular Sobor (synod) of Prešov held on 28 April 1950. The synod was orchestrated and headed by the ruling Communist party, which enforced its conclusions. Greek Catholics were either outlawed or compelled to become Orthodox, although their situation slightly brightened during the Prague Spring of 1968 when their Church became legal again.
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Ramet, Sabrina Petra. "The catholic church in Czechoslovakia 1948–1991." Studies in Comparative Communism 24, no. 4 (December 1991): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-3592(91)90012-u.
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Borza, Peter. "Cooperation of Greek Catholics from interwar Poland and Czechoslovakia on the example of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Servants of the Immaculate Virgin Mary." Nasza Przeszłość 136 (2021): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52204/np.2021.136.169-180.
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In the interwar period, new state units such as Czechoslovakia and Poland were formed in Central Europe. Churches and their institutions focused on education, training or social care also played an important role in shaping the loyalty and national awareness of the citizens of the new states. Among such institutions was the Congregation of the Sisters of the Servants of the Immaculate Conception (abbreviated as the Maid), which was established in the territory of interwar Poland. In a short time, it was a great success and achieved a response among Greek Catholics in Czechoslovakia. In 1928, at the invitation of the Bishop of Prešov, Pavel Gojdič, four sisters came to Prešov in cooperation with the local Greek Catholic Church to establish a monastery and devote themselves to education, training and social services. The arrival was accompanied by complications with visas from Czechoslovakia. The reason was the Ukrainian environment where the maids came from. In Poland, it was characterized by a high degree of nationalism and the idea of so-called Greater Ukraine, which also included part of Czechoslovakia. Visa permits were issued only after a clear argument from the bishop of Prešov about the apolitical nature of the service of nuns in eastern Slovakia. For his purpose, Bishop Gojdič received the support of the Pope and the Czechoslovak President. The result was the successfully developing ministry of maid sisters, which was stopped only by the onset of the communist regime. The cooperation of Greek Catholics from Poland and Czechoslovakia in the interwar period enabled the nuns to lead the apostolate in the social field of the church, and despite the forced break caused by the communist regime, they continue to do so throughout Slovakia.
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Doellinger, David. "Prayers, Pilgrimages and Petitions: The Secret Church and the Growth of Civil Society in Slovakia." Nationalities Papers 30, no. 2 (June 2002): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990220140621.
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A photograph of Pope John Paul II shaking hands with Ján Čarnogurský, First Deputy Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, at the Vatican appeared in full color on the cover of the February 1990 issue of Rodinné spolocčenstvo. Čarnogurský symbolizes the speed of Czechoslovakia's political revolution and the important role that individuals who had gained political experience as dissidents played in Czechoslovakia's post-Communist government. Just 2 months before meeting with the Pope, Čarnogurský, a Roman Catholic activist in Slovakia, had been awaiting trial in Bratislava for editing the Slovak secret church's most politically-oriented samizdat periodical. Hundreds of demonstrators, organized by the Slovak secret church, had already been protesting his arrest for several weeks when the Velvet Revolution began in Prague on 17 November 1989.
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Lukáčova, Jana, Peter Šturák, and Martin Weis. "The Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia under the pressure of normalisation in 1969 – 1989." Journal of Education Culture and Society 13, no. 2 (September 27, 2022): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2022.2.631.644.
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Aim. This article presents the status of the Greek Catholic Church during a defined period. It brings the functioning of this religion in the period of normalisation of society closer. Methods. Our study is the result of archival and document-based research, as well as expert studies and monographs dealing with the above-mentioned issue. Results. Although we can define the period studied in our research as a period of relative freedom when compared with the years 1950–1967, it cannot be perceived as a total liberation of the Church. Unfortunately, the political reality was also reflected in the life and functioning of the Church itself. The Greek Catholic Church and its leaders understood that without the necessary support from the state and regime, they would lose their freedom mainly attained in the first half of 1968. Conclusion. The Greek Catholic Church had to face several important and ground-breaking tasks that were to ensure its stability for functioning and administration after 18 years of its non-existence. This involved receiving state consent for Consecrator ThDr. Basil (Vasiľ) Hopko, leadership of the Greek Catholic Church in general, consolidation of relationships and conflict resolution between the Greek Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, or even the area of support and consent for building its own institute of theological formation.
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Tížik, Miroslav. "Struggles for the Character of the Roman Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia, 1948-1989." Eurostudia 10, no. 1 (July 28, 2015): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033882ar.
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After the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia came to power in 1948, power struggles followed between political parties and long-running internal struggles within the country’s Roman Catholic Church over the church’s character and organizational structure. These struggles related not only to purely theological issues, but also to the ideals of communism (and, later, socialism), the Communist Party and its program. The internal plurality within the church throughout the whole period of the people’s democracy and state socialism in Czechoslovakia calls into question the dualistic image of struggles between the church and the Communist Party, and it complicates the image of the church as a victim of the Communist regime. In particular, the crucial periods from 1948 to 1952 and from 1968 to 1969 suggest that, throughout much of the communist period there persisted tensions between the higher and lower clergy and there were diverging views on how the church should function; these tensions took on a diversity of shapes and varied in intensity.
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Kichera, Viktor V. "Social history sources of the Greek-Catholic Church of Czechoslovakia (1918-1939)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 413 (December 1, 2016): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/413/18.
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Hrabovec, Emilia. "The Holy See and Czechoslovakia 1945—1948 in the Context of the Nascent Cold War." ISTORIYA 12, no. 8 (106) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016710-0.
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The spectre of Communist expansion as a result of the Second World War represented for Pope Pius XII one of the greatest concerns. The unambiguously pro-Soviet orientation of the Czechoslovak government in exile and the crucial influence of Communists in the inner architecture of the restored state convinced the Holy See that Czechoslovakia was already in 1945 fully absorbed into the Soviet sphere of influence. This fact strengthened the Pope’s conviction of the necessity to resume relations with Prague as soon as possible and to send a nuncio there who would provide reliable information and protect the interests of the Church threatened both by open persecution and by propaganda manoeuvres in favour of a “progressive Catholicism”. The importance of the relations with Czechoslovakia stood out also in the international perspective, in which Czechoslovakia, in contrast to Poland or Hungary, seemed to be the last observatory still accessible to the Vatican diplomacy in the whole East-Central Europe. The year 1947 represented a caesura in the relations between the Holy See and Czechoslovakia. In the international context, this year was generally perceived by the Vatican as a definitive reinforcement of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. In the Czechoslovak framework, the greatest importance was ascribed to the political crisis in Slovakia in autumn 1947, during which the Communists definitively took over the political power in Slovakia. The lost struggle over the predominantly Catholic Slovakia, that for some time had been considered by the Vatican one of very few hopes for the defence of Christian interests in the Republic, was perceived by the Holy See as a dominant breakthrough on the way to the total Communist transformation of Czechoslovakia. While in the immediate post-war period the Holy See had tried to come to terms with Czechoslovakia also at the price of some compromises, in winter 1947/1948 the last hopes for a diplomatic solution vanished and were replaced by the conviction that in the confrontation with Communism not diplomatic, but spiritual weapons — prayer, testimony, martyrdom — were of crucial importance.
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Jarnecki, Michał, and Mykoła Palinczak. "Kwestie i spory religijne na terenie Rusi Zakarpackiej w czechosłowackim epizodzie jej dziejów." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 45 (December 31, 2014): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2014.025.
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The issues and religious disputes in Carpathian Ruthenia in Czechoslovak period and its echoes behind the AtlanticIn Subcarpathian Ruthenia in the interwar period – during her membership in Czechoslovakia, one of the sharper conflict was a dispute between two Christian churches. In fact, the rivalry of the two churches began even earlier, during the Hungarian reign – before 1918, but broke out with the new intensity in the interwar period. The Czech authorities, retained neutrality in the confessional disputes, unlike its predecessors, favoring the units. The dispute also had political significance – namely in the conflict between national orientations: Russophile and Ukrainian. Both churches were not monoliths and shook them as internal tensions, including politically motivated ones. Religious conflicts had also their roots and echoes on the other side of the Atlantic. Part of the Greek-Catholic immigrants Transcarpathian did not want to submit to the American Catholic hierarchy, who failed to see the specifics of this group of emigrants. During the period between the Uniate Church recorded outflow faithful to the Orthodox Church, by almost 5% (from nearly 55% to 50.2%) and Orthodox increase by approximately the same proportion – over 15% of the population. Kwestie i spory religijne na terenie Rusi Zakarpackiej w czechosłowackim epizodzie jej dziejówNa Rusi Zakarpackiej w okresie międzywojennym, podczas jej przynależności do Czechosłowacji, jednym z ostrzejszych konfliktów był spór pomiędzy dwoma chrześcijańskimi Kościołami. Faktycznie rywalizacja dwóch Kościołów zaczęła się wcześniej, za rządów węgierskich – przed 1918 rokiem, ale rozgorzała z nową intensywnością w okresie międzywojennym, kiedy władze czeskie, zachowywały neutralność w tych konfesyjnych sporach, w przeciwieństwie od poprzedników, faworyzujących unitów. Spór miał także aspekt polityczny – ocierając się o konflikt między orientacjami narodowymi: ukraińską i rosyjską. Oba Kościoły nie były monolitami i wstrząsały nimi także wewnętrzne napięcia, w tym na tle politycznym. Konflikty na tle religijnym miały też swoje zaoceaniczne korzenie i echa, gdzie część grekokatolickich emigrantów zakarpackich nie chciała się podporządkować amerykańskiej hierarchii katolickiej, nie dostrzegającej specyfiki tej grupy wychodźców. Podczas okresu międzywojennego Kościół unicki odnotował odpływ wiernych na rzecz prawosławia, o prawie 5% (z prawie 55 do 50,2%), a Cerkiew Prawosławna przyrost o mniej więcej o ten sam odsetek – do ponad 15% mieszkańców.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Catholic church, czechoslovakia"
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Vybíralová, Eva. "Undergroud Church and Secret Ordinations. A Canonical study of the Situation in Czechoslovakia 1948-1989." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-386781.
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Title: Untergrundkirche und geheime Weihen. Eine kirchenrechtliche Untersuchung der Situation in der Tschechoslowakei 1948-1989 Name: Eva Vybíralová Department: Katedra pastorálních oborů a právních věd KTF UK Supervisor: prof. JUDr. Antonín Ignác Hrdina, DrSc. Abstract The aim of this project was the study of the ordination law, the history of the hidden church, and the subsequent research and comparison of all "types" of secret ordinations in all levels (ordination and consecration) granted during the Communist regime of 1948-1989 in Czechoslovakia or to Czechoslovak citizens abroad, especially from the perspective of the canon law. The presented dissertation consists of an introduction, seven chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter gives the basics of the ordination law, the second chapter describes the relations between the Church and the state during the relevant historical period in Czechoslovakia and the first secret Episcopal ordinations. The third chapter introduces the Mexican faculties. The fourth chapter introduces the other secret faculties granted to the Church in Czechoslovakia, from which, among other things, the ordination activities of the Jesuit bishops and Felix Davídek was unfolded. The fifth chapter provides an digression to the subject of secret ordinations given to Czechoslovak...
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Maximova, Marie. "Předpoklady pro obnovení řeckokatolické církve v Československu ve druhé polovině 20. století." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448692.
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The diploma thesis entitled Prerequisites for the Restoration of the Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 20th century deals with the fate of this church in the period of communist regime. The main part of the work is devoted to the years 1950-1968, the stage from its abolition to its partial restoration. In this period, factors and key events that contributed to the restoration are sought. Important moments in the history of the Greek Catholic church are interpreted in the historical political-religious context. The conclusion outlined the life and activities of the restored, but limited, Greek Catholic Church in the period of normalization.
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Majerová, Tereza. "Vznik Státního úřadu pro věci církevní." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448727.
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This thesis deals with state Church policy from the end of the World War II, with emphasis on the gradual seizure of power by the communist party and the process of systematic oppression of Church which resulted in passing the so-called Church laws and creation of the State bureau of Church affairs in 1949. The goal of the thesis is to map the relationship between the state and Church, to relate the systemic and administrative changes in the political and religious context which resulted in the State bureau of Church affairs representing the peak of state Church oppression. Keywords Catholic Church; Czechoslovakia; Communism; state and church; systemic oppression
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Kafka, Jan. "Církevní politika KSČ a státu v severovýchodních Čechách v letech 1948-1960." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347470.
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Jan Kafka: Religious Policy of the Communist Party and the State in North-East Bohemia in years 1948-1960 Zkrácená anotace v anglickém jazyce The presented thesis surveys the development and forms of religious policy of the state in the region of North-East Bohemia. The study analyzes the role of the individual state institutions and security forces, in particular it pays attention to the role of the Church Departments at the National Committees (i.e. the Secretaires of Church Affairs). The thesis also examines the response of individual churches to the state policy and describes the strategies and positions held by church leaders (eg. catholic bishop Mořic Pícha), priests, monks and nuns. We also study the influence of government policy on relations among individual churches.
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KOCHÁNEK, Martin. "Společensko-historické souvislosti československo-vatikánských styků po roce 1945." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251655.
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This dissertation deals with the Czechoslovak-Vatican diplomatic relations since 1945 up to the departure of internuncio Saverio Ritter from Prague. The dissertation deals with the events connected with the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia and Vatican since the end of the World War II until 1948 and resultant breaking of the diplomatic relations in 1950. The dissertation pays attention to the restoring of diplomatic relations after the World War II. A part of the dissertation is devoted to the expulsion of the German minority and the associated problems relating to the Czechoslovak-Vatican diplomatic relations. There are also outlined initial disagreements of Czechoslovakia and Vatican. There are also sketched problems between Czechoslovakia and the Church such as the confiscation of property of Church, educational reform in church schools or revision of the land reform and the response of Vatican. The dissertation presents the important ecclesiastical and political events that took place in postwar development. There is observed the gradual development of mutual relations and their deterioration to complete interruption. The key sorces were the materials from the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic in Prague and reports by Czechoslovak and Vatican diplomats. A part of the dissertation is also focused on the problems that occured in Czechoslovakia and Vatican diplomatic relations.
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Kurfiřtová, Tereza. "Pronásledování římskokatolické církve v Československu - ideologie, strategie a taktika KSČ." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350223.
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This work examines the prosecution of the Roman Catholic Church in the Communist-ruled Czechoslovak Republic. The first part analyzes the mutual relationship of the communist ideology and the Roman Catholic Church. The basic tenets of communism are presented via the works of Karl Marx, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and consecutive texts labeled Marxist- Leninist. The thoughts of the church are presented through the statements of several popes that took a stand against the ideals of communism and the atrocities committed in their name. The second chapter analyzes the individual steps the Communist-controlled state took against the church. Particular attention is devoted to the period from the February 1948 Communist takeover up to the end of the 1950s. This period can be further divided into three phases, distinguished by the differing tactics employed by the Communist Party. In the first phase, the Communists were attempting to subdue the church, the second phase was characteristic by very ruthless prosecution of the church officials, while the hallmark of the third phase was mainly a systematic policy of atheization. The aim of this work is a comparison of the ideological underpinnings of the Communist ideology with the real-world practice of the attempted elimination of religion from society. Focus is...
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Sklenář, Michal. "Dějiny farnosti v Ústí nad Orlicí jako obraz římskokatolické církve v Československu v letech 1948-1961." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-341468.
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The thesis follows the history of the Roman Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia between 1948-1961. The first part includes broader theoretical context and the second part contains historical context of the issues which are discussed in the third part. On the example of Václav Boštík, the dean in Ústí nad Orlicí between the years 1934-1942 and 1945-1961, and using the micro-historical method, the thesis demonstrates the running of a parish in a district town during the first thirteen years of the communist totalitarian rule. The options and actions of dean Václav Boštík - an ecclesiastic administrator and statutory representative - in various situations and his decisions, which had a direct and significant influence on the parish, are analyzed in the thesis. At the same time, the presented local situation is compared with the steps of the state towards the Church on the national level, which shows one of possible pictures of the ecclesiastical history in Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 20th century. Key words 20th century, the Roman Catholic Church, Czechoslowakia, communism, Ústí nad Orlicí, Václav Boštík (1897-1963)
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Mach, Pavel. "Český nacionalismus a vznik Církve Československé." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389165.
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This paper describes nationalism as a phenomenon that has become an integral part of Czech society in the 19th century and its manifestations. It describes the main motives Czech nationalist ideology created by T. G. Masaryk. It also described the political situation during the First World War and the circumstances of the independent Czechoslovak state and its share in breaking the Austro - Hungarian monarchy. The work deals with the problem of modernism in the Catholic Church, whose adherents later became the founder of the Church of Czechoslovakia. Briefly describes the lives of the founders of the church and their relationship to nationalist political movements. The core of the work is the analysis of texts relating to the reform movement of the Czech Catholic clergy and the Czechoslovak church, from the period between 1906 - 1931, which is determined by the definition of nationalism seeks to assess its impact on the formation and other life Czechoslovak Church.
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SLAVÍKOVÁ, Veronika. "Nejstarší českobudějovický sbor Církve československé (husitské) v letech 1920-1948." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-156157.
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This master´s thesis informs about community of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church in České Budějovice in the years 1920-1948. The thesis highlights the membership of this church and how it grew in the early 1920?s, it also focuses on the establishment of the house called Husův sbor, on communities existing within the church, and on the reflections of other townspeople on this church. There are three main sources for this thesis: the documents of a private archive of this church in České Budějovice, the documents belonging to the State District Archive in České Budějovice and the documents accessible on the webpage of the State Regional Archive in Třeboň. Additionally, regional newspapers from that time were used. The aim of this thesis is to study the history of this second largest denomination in České Budějovice, which appears to be rather neglected in the Czech scholarly literature. The author believes that the thesis could contribute to a better understanding of this church and of the history of České Budějovice.
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Hasan, Petr. "Vztah římskokatolické církve ke kinematografii v českých zemích mezi lety 1918 - 1948." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435128.
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After the First World War, the Catholic Church intensified its interest in a world that was becoming ever more secular and began to look for new means of actively and creatively taking part in cultural affairs. Cinematography was one of the areas in which this trend became most apparent. It was shortly after the invention of cinematograph that various ideas and plans regarding how to deal with film began to emerge among Catholics. Consequently, the Pope gave his blessing to community-based initiatives and included them in his plan in the encyclical Vigilanti Cura. This study seeks to familiarise the reader with a multifarious mixture of interesting, and often contradictory, voices and opinions that were heard from Czech Catholics with regard to film. Catholic activities in the field of film are divided into three basic areas: production, classification and distribution, with the first area concerning the effort to make their own Catholic films. This study demonstrates the problems faced in this endeavour by presenting the difficulties in the making of the film Saint Wenceslas and the consequent relationship of Catholics to the completed work. The classification of films from the Catholic point of view was carried out systematically and in a coordinated manner. The study deals with the origins of...
Books on the topic "Catholic church, czechoslovakia"
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Political Catholicism and the Czechoslovak People's Party in Czechoslovakia, 1918-1938. Boulder: Social Science Monographs, 1995.
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Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox in Poland and Czechoslovakia. Cambridge, Mass: Ukrainian Studies Fund, Harvard University, 1988.
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Simcock, Joanna. The position of the Catholic Church in post-war Poland, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.
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Out of the depths: The story of Ludmila Javorova, ordained Roman Catholic priest. New York: Crossroad Pub. Co., 2001.
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Pehr, Michal. Československo a Svatý stolec: Od nepřátelství ke spolupráci (1918-1928) = Czechoslovakia and the Holy See. Praha: Masarykův ústav a Archiv Akademie věd ČR, v.v.i., 2012.
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Politics and religion in Eastern Europe: Catholicism in Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. Oxford: Polity, 1991.
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Rázek, Adolf. StB + justice: Nástroje třídního boje v akci Babice. Praha: Úřad dokumentace a vyšetřování zločinů komunismu, 2002.
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Šebek, Jaroslav. Mezi křížem a národem: Politické prostředí sudetoněmeckého katolicismu v meziválečném Československu. Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury, 2005.
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Winter, Miriam Therese. Out of the Depths: The Story of Ludmila Javorova, Ordained Roman Catholic Priest. Crossroad Publishing Company, The, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Catholic church, czechoslovakia"
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Skalický, Karel. "The Vicissitudes of the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia, 1918 to 1988." In Czechoslovakia: Crossroads and Crises, 1918–88, 297–324. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10644-8_16.
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Kaczmarek, Hieronim. "Czechosłowacja i Republika Czeska." In Horyzonty wolności, 61–72. Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/9788374388320.07.
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The article describes different attitudes of the Czech population towards Catholic Church in the years of 1918 and 1989. At the time of the formation of the Czechoslovac Republic after the First World War, the Church was basically negatively valued by most of the society because of its long-lasting links with the Habsburg monarchy. In the year of 1989, the Church was relatively highly valued by the society although religiosity as such had declined significantly as compared to that of the year 1918. This new attitude in the society came from the Church’s courage in bearing persecutions during the Communist regime.The article also describes the contacts of John Paul II with Czechoslovakia and the way he inspired Cardinal František Tomášek (the Archbishop of Prague and Czech Primate) to stand up with courage in the face of the communist regime. Cardinal Tomášek supported Czechoslovac dissidents and this—together with the criticism of government and the find-ing of new ways in pastoral field—was a source of prestige for the Catholic Church after the fall of communism. Unfortunately, this positive attitude lasted only for several years.
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Wight, Martin. "Review of E. H. Carr, The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939 (London: Macmillan, 1946)." In International Relations and Political Philosophy, 315–16. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0024.
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Professor Carr relies on an antithesis: ‘Every political situation contains mutually incompatible elements of Utopia and reality, of morality and power.’ Carr provides ‘the most comprehensive modern restatement, other than Marxist or Fascist, of the Hobbesian view of politics. It is from politics that both morality and law derive their authority. For Hobbes, the kingdom of the fairies was the Roman Catholic Church, seducing mankind with its enchantments. For Professor Carr, it is the League of Nations, which is no other than the ghost of the deceased Pax Britannica.’ Carr’s tome is ‘the one lasting intellectual monument of the policy of appeasement’. The first edition, published in 1939, praised Chamberlain’s policy as ‘a reaction of realism against Utopianism’, and defended the 1938 Munich agreement whereby Britain, France, Germany, and Italy agreed to the cession to Berlin of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. In the 1946 second edition ‘these passages are omitted’, Wight notes. ‘Wielding the realist critique at the expense of the moral critique, it is natural that Professor Carr should have moved since 1939 from support of collaboration with Germany to support of collaboration with Russia. But the Teheran–Yalta theory of world relationships is itself being swept from present realism into past Utopianism.’ In Wight’s view, ‘The student could have no better introduction to the fundamental problems of politics, provided always that he reads it side by side with Mr. Leonard Woolf’s deadly reply in “The War for Peace”.’