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1
Romero, Sigifredo. "The Progressive Catholic Church in Brazil, 1964-1972: The Official American View." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1210.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the American view of the Brazilian Catholic Church through the critical examination of cables produced by the U.S. diplomatic mission in Brazil during the period 1964-1972. This thesis maintains that the United States regarded the progressive catholic movement, and eventually the Church as a whole, as a threat to its security interests. Nonetheless, by the end of 1960s, the American approach changed from suspicion to collaboration as the historical circumstances required so. This thesis sheds light on the significance of the U.S. as a major player in the political conflict that affected Brazil in the 1964-1972 years in which the Brazilian Catholic Church, and particularly its progressive segments, played a fundamental role.
2
Melo, Carlos Wellington Martins de. ""A nação é católica" : educação e cidadania nas primeiras décadas republicanas (1890 a 1930) /." Franca : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93273.
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Orientador: Ivan Aparecido ManoelBanca: Marta Maria Chagas de Carvalho
Banca: Vânia de Fátima Martino
Resumo: A pesquisa tem, como objetivo geral, analisar a relação entre educação e cidadania, entre as décadas de 1890 e 1930, como parte constitutiva do conjunto de reformas romanizadoras, de caráter ultramontano, implementadas pelo episcopado, respeitadas as diretrizes produzidas a partir da Santa Sé. Aspecto, marcadamente, associado aos esforços do episcopado em coordenar a dinâmica de mobilização e organização do laicato, tendo em vista uma alegada defesa dos direito da Igreja, a temática da cidadania (fundada na indissociável relação entre cidadão e fiel) afirma-se, no período estudado, como base de todo um projeto de nação católica. Bons e verdadeiros católicos deveriam unir-se à sua Igreja não permitindo que, de dentro do seu seio, brotasse o veneno do indiferentismo, da apostasia e da ignorância religiosa. A partir de tais aproximações, a pesquisa volta-se para as estratégias católicas de cosntituição, no bojo do processo de mobilização e organização do laicato, de mecanismos de regulação da ação dos católicos, no campo educacional, tendo como referência o exercício profissional do magistério. Partindo do exame dos vínculos entre cidadão e fiel e das representações relativas à profissão docente, identificáveis no discurso produzido pelo episcopado ou a partir de suas orientações, a análise de tais mecanismos de regulação encontra-se orientada para o exame do processo de conformação de uma identidade profissional particular (católico-leiga) adequada ao exercício da profissão docente, em bases católicas.
Abstract: This research to analyze the relation between education and citizenship within the decades of 1890 and 1930, as a constitutive part of the Romanian reform, ultramontane in character, implemented by the episcopate that followed th Holy See's guidelines. The citizenship question (based on the inseparable relationship between the citizen and the faithful) and here regarded as an aspect markedly connected to the episcopate's effort to coordinate the dynamics of mobilization and organization of the laity and, having in view an alleged defense of the rights of the church, gains ground in the studied period as the basis for a catholic nation-oriented project. Good and truthful Catholics should join the church in order to avoid that, from within its core, the poison of the indifferentism, apostasy and religious ignorance sprouted up. From these approaches, the present research looks at the catholic strategies for the constitution, in the heart of the processo of mobilization and organization of the laity, of controlling mechanisms for the Catholic actions in the educational field, having as reference the teaching profession. By examining the bonds between the citizen and the faithful and the representations concerning the teaching profession, identified either in the episcopate's discourse or yielded from its orientation, the analyses of such controlling mechanisms turns to the examination of professional laity-catholic identity conformation process suitable to the education profession, on a catholic basis.
Mestre
3
Melo, Carlos Wellington Martins de [UNESP]. "A nação é católica: educação e cidadania nas primeiras décadas republicanas (1890 a 1930)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93273.
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melo_cwm_me_fran.pdf: 1684141 bytes, checksum: 8280ca865b52c8f4d89fd985a0be215d (MD5)A pesquisa tem, como objetivo geral, analisar a relação entre educação e cidadania, entre as décadas de 1890 e 1930, como parte constitutiva do conjunto de reformas romanizadoras, de caráter ultramontano, implementadas pelo episcopado, respeitadas as diretrizes produzidas a partir da Santa Sé. Aspecto, marcadamente, associado aos esforços do episcopado em coordenar a dinâmica de mobilização e organização do laicato, tendo em vista uma alegada defesa dos direito da Igreja, a temática da cidadania (fundada na indissociável relação entre cidadão e fiel) afirma-se, no período estudado, como base de todo um projeto de nação católica. Bons e verdadeiros católicos deveriam unir-se à sua Igreja não permitindo que, de dentro do seu seio, brotasse o veneno do indiferentismo, da apostasia e da ignorância religiosa. A partir de tais aproximações, a pesquisa volta-se para as estratégias católicas de cosntituição, no bojo do processo de mobilização e organização do laicato, de mecanismos de regulação da ação dos católicos, no campo educacional, tendo como referência o exercício profissional do magistério. Partindo do exame dos vínculos entre cidadão e fiel e das representações relativas à profissão docente, identificáveis no discurso produzido pelo episcopado ou a partir de suas orientações, a análise de tais mecanismos de regulação encontra-se orientada para o exame do processo de conformação de uma identidade profissional particular (católico-leiga) adequada ao exercício da profissão docente, em bases católicas.
This research to analyze the relation between education and citizenship within the decades of 1890 and 1930, as a constitutive part of the Romanian reform, ultramontane in character, implemented by the episcopate that followed th Holy See's guidelines. The citizenship question (based on the inseparable relationship between the citizen and the faithful) and here regarded as an aspect markedly connected to the episcopate's effort to coordinate the dynamics of mobilization and organization of the laity and, having in view an alleged defense of the rights of the church, gains ground in the studied period as the basis for a catholic nation-oriented project. Good and truthful Catholics should join the church in order to avoid that, from within its core, the poison of the indifferentism, apostasy and religious ignorance sprouted up. From these approaches, the present research looks at the catholic strategies for the constitution, in the heart of the processo of mobilization and organization of the laity, of controlling mechanisms for the Catholic actions in the educational field, having as reference the teaching profession. By examining the bonds between the citizen and the faithful and the representations concerning the teaching profession, identified either in the episcopate's discourse or yielded from its orientation, the analyses of such controlling mechanisms turns to the examination of professional laity-catholic identity conformation process suitable to the education profession, on a catholic basis.
4
Martins, Karla Denise. "Cristoforo e a Romanização do Inferno Verde : as propostas de D. Macedo Costa para a civilização da Amazonia (1860-1890)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279858.
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Orientador: Leandro KarnalTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Nosso objetivo é analisar a produção intelectual de D. Macedo Costa, bispo que esteve à frente da Diocese do Grão-Pará, durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Discutiremos suas idéias sobre relações familiares, políticas e religiosas. Isso é possível porque esse bispo deixou um acervo literário no qual percebemos os significados construídos sobre a Amazônia como modelo de sociedade católica. Com essas fontes, entendemos alguns pontos do debate entre liberais e ¿ultramontanos¿, especialmente aqueles ligados à educação popular e à secularização social. Misturando temas de várias épocas, ele escreveu sobre assuntos diversos da sociedade de seu tempo. Assim, podemos entender como a partir de certa tradição literária, esse bispo representou sua sociedade e a si mesmo, no momento da mudança política que marcou a passagem da Monarquia para a República no Brasil
Abstract: In this study we analyze the intellectual works of D. Macedo Costa, bishop of the Brazilian Province of Gran-Pará in the second half of the XIX century. We discuss his ideas about family, education, economy, politics and religion. We use the remaining bishop's files and writings, to reconstruct his view of these themes and his prescriptions to conform a model of catholic society in Amazon. Through these sources, we understood better the debate between liberal and ultramontan groups, especially in reference to popular education and social secularization. The bishop¿s thinking was influenced by ideas from different intellectual traditions to understand the society of his time. Thus, starting from certain literary tradition, we can understand how D. Macedo Costa represented himself and the society in the critical moment of the transition from Monarchy to the Republic
Doutorado
Historia Cultural
Doutor em História
5
Oliveira, Maria Alexsandra Prado de. ""Eu ouvi os clamores do meu povo": análise de um documento eclesial e suas repercussões." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1098.
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O período da história brasileira que abrange os anos de 1964 a 1985 a ditadura militar se caracterizou pela mobilização popular e pela necessidade de mudança social. Clamava-se por uma libertação das opressões históricas que a maioria do povo vinha sofrendo. Paradoxalmente, foi um momento de forte autoritarismo e de violação dos direitos sociais e humanos. Naquele contexto, o episcopado nordestino assumiu um papel revolucionário ao se distanciar do governo militar e transgredir em favor do povo da região. Treze bispos e cinco religiosos assinaram Eu ouvi os clamores do meu povo e foram perseguidos pela censura militar. Neste trabalho foi analisado aquele documento no qual diversos aspectos econômicos, sociais, políticos e religiosos foram apresentados; ressaltamos o esforço dos prelados na construção, preservação e circulação das informações acerca do escrito eclesial. Apesar da relevância daquele texto, tão importante para o catolicismo brasileiro e nordestino, defrontamo-nos com uma escassa documentação sobre sua repercussão na imprensa escrita em Pernambuco, bem como em órgãos oficiais da Igreja Católica e do regime militar, dado o momento histórico vivido quando da sua divulgação. No entanto, apesar dos entraves e das limitações, Eu ouvi os clamores do meu povo fez seu percurso e assinalou um passo importante na trajetória política da Igreja Católica no Brasil.The period of Brazilian history covering the years 1964 to 1985 - the military dictatorship - was characterized by the popular mobilization and the need for social change. Claimed by a release of historical oppression that most of the people had been suffering. Paradoxically, it was a time of strong authoritarianism and violations of social and human rights. In that context, the northeastern bishops took a revolutionary role in distancing theirselvs from the military government and transgress on behalf of the people of the region. Thirteen bishops and five religious signed "I heard the cries of my people" and were persecuted by the military censorship. In this work, that document in which various economic, social, political and religious aspects were presented was analyzed; we highlight the efforts of prelates in the construction, preservation and dissemination of information about the ecclesial writing. Despite the relevance of that text, so important for the Brazilian and Northeast Catholicism, we are faced with a scant documentation about its impact on print media in Pernambuco, as well as in official agencies of the Catholic Church and the military regime, given the lived historical moment when disclosure. However, despite the obstacles and limitations, I heard the cries of my people made their path and marked an important step in the political history of the Catholic Church in Brazil.
6
Rosa, Lilian Rodrigues de Oliveira [UNESP]. "A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana e o Estado Brasileiro: estratégias de inserção política da Santa Sé no Brasil entre 1920 e 1937." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103109.
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rosa_lro_dr_fran.pdf: 3145275 bytes, checksum: a81f50cb39c1df8363fd050b4b1a60bf (MD5)Esta tese descreve e analisa as estratégias de inserção política da Igreja Católica no Estado Brasileiro, com ênfase no período compreendido entre 1920 e 1937, tendo como base teórico-metodológica a história política e eclesiástica. Realiza a análise a partir dos documentos produzidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Santa Sé e a sua 2ª. Seção, a antiga Sacra Congregazione degli Affari Ecclesiastici, resultantes das suas relações com o Estado Brasileiro e com a alta hierarquia eclesiástica local. Identifica e explica os posicionamentos políticos da Santa Sé e da liderança eclesiástica brasileira diante da laicização estatal, à luz da política de Estado pontifícia, que já vinha sendo implantada desde o final do século XIX, com Leão XIII, sendo mantida e intensificada no período que é foco deste estudo. Busca compreender e elucidar a atuação da Secretaria de Estado da Santa Sé como órgão responsável pela implantação da política externa pontifícia e pela gestão do plano de expansão e de fortalecimento internacional da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana no Brasil. Analisa a romanização a partir de uma visão política, como uma forma de alinhamento institucional e doutrinário das Igrejas locais às orientações da Santa Sé, no concernia às relações com o Estado Brasileiro. Pragmaticamente, tal processo de romanização envolvia a consolidação de um modelo organizacional com características homogêneas, com procedimentos comuns e uniformizados, com o objetivo de “cerrar fileiras” contra a contínua laicização das instituições públicas e civis e contra o avanço do comunismo. Identifica e relaciona a influência da Igreja Católica na política interna brasileira
This study describes and analyzes the political insertion strategies of the Roman Catholic Church in the Brazilian State, particularly between 1920 and 1937, with political and ecclesiastic history as its theoretical-methodological base. The analysis was performed upon documents produced by the Secretariat of State of the Holy See and its 2nd Section, the former Sacra Congregazione degli Affari Ecclesiastici, resulting from its relations with the Brazilian State and the higher echelons of the local ecclesiastic hierarchy. The paper identifies and explains the political stands of the Holy See and the Brazilian ecclesiastic leadership regarding the secularization of the state, according to the pontifical state policy, which had been implanted since the late 19th century, with Pope Leo XIII, and maintained and intensified during the period focused in this study. It also attempts to comprehend and elucidate the workings of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See as the organ in charge of implanting the pontifical foreign policy, managing the plans of international expansion and strengthening the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil. This study analyzes the Romanization according to a political perspective, as a form of institutional and doctrinal alignment of the local churches to the orientation provided by the Holy See, according to its relations with the Brazilian State. Pragmatically, this process of Romanization involves the consolidation of an organizational model with homogenous characteristics, with uniform and standardized procedures, aiming to “close ranks” against the continuous secularization of the public and civil institutions. The study also identifies and relates the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in the internal affairs of Brazilian politics
7
Rosa, Lilian Rodrigues de Oliveira. "A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana e o Estado Brasileiro : estratégias de inserção política da Santa Sé no Brasil entre 1920 e 1937 /." Franca : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103109.
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Orientador: Ivan Aparecido ManoelBanca: Artur Cesar Isaia
Banca: Danilo José Zioni Ferretti
Banca: Ubaldo Silveira
Banca: Vania de Fatima Martino
Resumo: Esta tese descreve e analisa as estratégias de inserção política da Igreja Católica no Estado Brasileiro, com ênfase no período compreendido entre 1920 e 1937, tendo como base teórico-metodológica a história política e eclesiástica. Realiza a análise a partir dos documentos produzidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Santa Sé e a sua 2ª. Seção, a antiga Sacra Congregazione degli Affari Ecclesiastici, resultantes das suas relações com o Estado Brasileiro e com a alta hierarquia eclesiástica local. Identifica e explica os posicionamentos políticos da Santa Sé e da liderança eclesiástica brasileira diante da laicização estatal, à luz da política de Estado pontifícia, que já vinha sendo implantada desde o final do século XIX, com Leão XIII, sendo mantida e intensificada no período que é foco deste estudo. Busca compreender e elucidar a atuação da Secretaria de Estado da Santa Sé como órgão responsável pela implantação da política externa pontifícia e pela gestão do plano de expansão e de fortalecimento internacional da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana no Brasil. Analisa a romanização a partir de uma visão política, como uma forma de alinhamento institucional e doutrinário das Igrejas locais às orientações da Santa Sé, no concernia às relações com o Estado Brasileiro. Pragmaticamente, tal processo de romanização envolvia a consolidação de um modelo organizacional com características homogêneas, com procedimentos comuns e uniformizados, com o objetivo de "cerrar fileiras" contra a contínua laicização das instituições públicas e civis e contra o avanço do comunismo. Identifica e relaciona a influência da Igreja Católica na política interna brasileira
Abstract: This study describes and analyzes the political insertion strategies of the Roman Catholic Church in the Brazilian State, particularly between 1920 and 1937, with political and ecclesiastic history as its theoretical-methodological base. The analysis was performed upon documents produced by the Secretariat of State of the Holy See and its 2nd Section, the former Sacra Congregazione degli Affari Ecclesiastici, resulting from its relations with the Brazilian State and the higher echelons of the local ecclesiastic hierarchy. The paper identifies and explains the political stands of the Holy See and the Brazilian ecclesiastic leadership regarding the secularization of the state, according to the pontifical state policy, which had been implanted since the late 19th century, with Pope Leo XIII, and maintained and intensified during the period focused in this study. It also attempts to comprehend and elucidate the workings of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See as the organ in charge of implanting the pontifical foreign policy, managing the plans of international expansion and strengthening the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil. This study analyzes the Romanization according to a political perspective, as a form of institutional and doctrinal alignment of the local churches to the orientation provided by the Holy See, according to its relations with the Brazilian State. Pragmatically, this process of Romanization involves the consolidation of an organizational model with homogenous characteristics, with uniform and standardized procedures, aiming to "close ranks" against the continuous secularization of the public and civil institutions. The study also identifies and relates the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in the internal affairs of Brazilian politics
Doutor
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Nunes, Márcio Manuel Machado. "A criação do Bispado das Alagoas: religião e política nos primeiros anos da República dos Estados Unidos do Brazil (1889-1910)." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1375.
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The Diocese of Alagoas was created at July 2, 1900 through the Papal Bull Postremis hisce temporibus of Pope Leo XIII. It was an old dream of the Province of Alagoas, which only came true during the republican period. With the separation of Church and State in Brazil by Decreto 199-A of January 7, 1890, the Padroado had become extinct and Church had deal with this new reality without the “official” support from the Republican Government. The scope of this research is to undertake an analysis of the creation process of the Diocese of Alagoas, from its first proposal in the early nineteenth century until its consolidation, with the bishopric of Dom Antônio Brandão. One notes that the good relationship between Church and State in Alagoas was against to the prevailing situation in the Republic’s politics, which was noticeably positivist and secular. Despite presenting peculiarities at this time of separation, the case of Alagoas was not unique. One of the goals of this research is to better understand how the imbricated affinity between religion and politics occurred at Alagoas territory in the beginning of century XX. To help us comprehend the religious experience of the faithful of Alagoas and the way how the alliance between the Catholic Church and the secular State in Alagoas in the first years of the Republic in the United States of Brazil we will follow closely the formative year of Dom Antônio Brandão, the prelate responsible of the creation of the Bishopric of Alagoas.O Bispado de Alagoas foi criado, em 2 de julho de 1900, através da bula Postremis hisce temporibus, pelo Papa Leão XIII. Era um “antigo sonho” da Província das Alagoas que somente foi concretizado no período republicano. Após a ruptura entre Estado e Igreja no Brasil, com o Decreto 119-A, de 7 de janeiro de 1890, o Padroado estava extinto e, a Igreja precisou lidar com esta nova realidade sem o apoio “oficial” do Governo da República. Esta pesquisa tem como escopo empreender uma análise do processo de criação do Bispado de Alagoas, desde o início do século XIX, quando surgiu o primeiro projeto para tal intento (1819) até a fase de consolidação com Dom Antônio Brandão, seu primeiro Bispo. Percebe-se que as “boas” relações entre Igreja e Estado nas Alagoas, foram de choque à conjuntura vigente na política nacional da República, marcadamente positivista e laica. Num tempo de separação entre essas duas esferas, o caso alagoano apresentou peculiaridades, apesar de não ter sido o único. Um dos objetivos deste estudo é compreender melhor como se deu a imbricada afinidade entre religião e política no território Alagoano, no início do século XX. A consolidação do Bispado, recém-criado, ficou a cargo do Bispo alagoano Dom Antônio Brandão. Seguir o itinerário formativo deste Prelado, marcadamente ultramontano, ajudou na compreensão da vivência religiosa dos fiéis alagoanos e a maneira como foi forjada a aliança entre Igreja Católica e Estado laico nas Alagoas dos primeiros anos da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil.
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Zanon, Dalila 1971. "O poder dos bispos na administração do ultramar português : o bispado de São Paulo entre 1771 e 1824." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281183.
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Orientador: Leila Mezan AlgrantiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O propósito principal deste trabalho é estudar as relações dos dois últimos bispos de São Paulo colonial com o poder secular no interior da capitania, observando o poder episcopal na dinâmica dos poderes locais, e no espaço mais amplo de suas relações administrativas, em direção ao Reino, centro administrativo do império português. Objetivou-se analisar a medida da interferência do padroado ¿ instituição reguladora das relações Igreja e Estado no período moderno ¿ no quadro das autonomias episcopais ultramarinas. Partindo dos episcopados de D. Fr. Manuel da Ressurreição (1771 a 1789) e D. Matheus de Abreu Pereira (1795 a 1824), investigamos as relações que estabeleceram nesse período com os governadores da capitania de São Paulo, estes os principais responsáveis por assegurar que no âmbito local se praticasse o padroado. Outrossim, as relações político-administrativas dos bispos com o Reino, sede do poder real, foram mapeadas por meio da instituição régia responsável pela administração do Ultramar, o Conselho Ultramarino. Através desse estudo pretende-se tornar cada vez mais visível o papel do episcopado nos quadros da administração ultramarina portuguesa, trazendo à tona a importância desse segmento eclesiástico para a manutenção do poder monárquico nos domínios coloniais
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to study the relationship of the two last bishops of the colonial São Paulo with the secular power inside the captaincy, observing the episcopal power in the dynamics of local authorities, and in the broader space of their administrative relationship toward the Kingdom, administrative centre of Portuguese empire. One had as goal to analyze the patronage's interference measure ¿ regulatory institution of the relationship between the Church and the State in the modern period ¿ in the structure of the overseas episcopal autonomies. Starting from the episcopacy of D. Fr. Manuel da Ressurreição (from 1771 to 1789) and D. Matheus de Abreu Pereira (from 1795 to 1824), we have investigated the relationship which were established in this period with the governors of the São Paulo captaincy, who were the main responsible for ensuring that locally would be practiced the patronage. Furthermore, the political and administrative relationship of the bishops with the Kingdom, headquarter of the royal power, were mapped by means of the regal institution responsible for the Overseas administration, the Overseas' Council. By means of this study, one intends to become increasingly visible the episcopate's role in the structures of the Portuguese overseas administration, bringing out the importance of this ecclesiastical segment for the maintenance of monarchical power in colonial domains
Doutorado
Politica, Memoria e Cidade
Doutora em História
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Rosada, Mateus. "Sob o signo da cruz: Igreja, Estado e secularização (Campinas e Limeira 1774-1939)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18142/tde-19102011-150912/.
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Trata da relação entre Igreja Católica e Estado e seus desdobramentos na forma e na dinâmica de duas cidades paulistas: Campinas e Limeira. Busca compreender como se deu o jogo de forças entre esses poderes e como isso foi mudando ao longo do tempo. Para isso, analisa um recorte histórico de 1774 a 1939, abrangendo os três períodos políticos do Brasil: Colônia, Império e República, para fazer um panorama das questões que envolvem o lento processo de secularização no país. Aborda o avanço de idéias iluministas e as diretrizes urbanísticas no final do século XVIII e suas conseqüências no desenho urbano das cidades que surgiriam. Investiga o modelo que concedia terras para a Igreja para se iniciar uma nova povoação e como essa terra foi sendo expropriada pelo poder civil. Analisa, ainda, como novos pensamentos de higienismo, as novas tecnologias e o desenvolvimento de uma forma de pensar secularizada do indivíduo foram aumentando o aparato de equipamentos urbanos e profanos e diminuindo a importância simbólica da Igreja Católica no espaço da cidade.It deals with the relation between the Catholic Church and its consequences in the form and the dynamics of two cities in São Paulo State (Brazil): Campinas and Limeira. It tries to understand how the game of forces between these powers was and how this has moved throughout the time. For this, it analyzes a historical clipping between 1774 and 1939, enclosing the three political periods of Brazil: Colony, Empire and Republic, to have and overlook about the questions that involve the slow process of secularization in the country. It approaches the advance of the Enlightenment ideas and the urban lines of direction in the end of XVIII century and its consequences in the urban drawing of the cities that would appear. It investigates the model that granted lands for the Church to initiate a new population and how this land was being expropriated for the civil power. It analyzes, still, how new hygienic thoughts, the new technologies and the secularization way of thinking development of the individual had been increasing the apparatus of urban and profane equipment and diminishing the symbolic importance of the Catholic Church in the city space.
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Marchini, Welder Lancieri. "Descolonizando um concílio europeu: a Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira e a recepção do Vaticano II." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2019. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/22011.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Second Vatican Council can be considered the most important event of 20th century Catholicism, generating theological and pastoral impacts and mobilizing ecclesial structures. The Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira established itself in this scenario, constituting itself as an instrument of communication of conciliar instructions and perspectives to the Catholic Church in Latin America and as one of the main instruments of conciliar reception. The object of this thesis is the reception of the Second Vatican Council by the Catholic Church in Brazil and in Latin America transmitted through the REB. The process of conciliar reception points to the construction of the Latin American ecclesial subject and, consequently, to an identity that is in the dialogue between the conciliar perspective of the aggiornamento and the local socio-cultural reality. This process, identified in the decolonial perspective, passes through the self-understanding of Latin American Catholicism and culminates in a proper theology, that of liberation, and in a proper ecclesiality, that of the Ecclesial Base Communities. The process of conciliar reception was established in three distinct but consequential phases, namely: ignorance, participation / initiative and appropriation. The research method used for collecting data is documental and bibliographic. The issues of REB in the period concerning the conciliar process, added to the production of the Franciscan friar and conciliar expert Boaventura Kloppenburg, offer a substratum for the understanding of the reception by the Latin American Catholic Church. The bibliographical production of Liberation Theology is here read in the perspective of the appropriation of the conciliar parameters. The process of conciliar reception engenders, procedurally, an editorial change of the REB that accompanies the participation and appropriation of the parameters of Vatican II
O Concílio Vaticano II pode ser considerado o acontecimento mais importante do catolicismo do século XX, gerando impactos teológicos e pastorais e mobilizando as estruturas eclesiais. A Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira estebeleceu-se nesse cenário, constituindo-se como instrumento de comunicação das instruções e perspectivas conciliares à Igreja católica na América Latina e como um dos principais instrumentos de recepção conciliar. Assume-se como objeto desta tese a recepção do Concílio Vaticano II pela Igreja católica no Brasil e na América Latina veiculada por meio da REB. O processo de recepção conciliar aponta para a construção do sujeito eclesial latino-americano e por consequência de uma identidade que está no diálogo entre a perspectiva conciliar do aggiornamento com a realidade sociocultural local. Tal processo, identificado na perspectiva descolonial, passa pelo autoentendimento do catolicismo latino-americano e culmina em uma teologia própria, a da libertação, e em uma eclesialidade própria, a das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base. O processo de recepção conciliar se estabeleceu em três fases distintas, porém consequentes, a saber: do desconhecimento, da participação / iniciativa e da apropriação. O método de pesquisa assumido para a coleta de dados é documental e bibliográfico. Os fascículos da REB do período concernente ao processo conciliar, somados à produção do frade franciscano e perito conciliar Boaventura Kloppenbuirg, oferecem um substrato para o entendimento da recepção pela Igreja católica latino-americana. A produção bibliográfica da Teologia da Libertação é aqui lida na perspectiva da apropriação dos parâmetros conciliares. O processo de recepção conciliar engendra, processualmente, uma mudança editorial da REB que acompanha a participação e apropriação dos parâmetros do Vaticano II
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Kronemberger, Adriana Bastos. "Dom Adriano Hypólito no rastro da violência em Nova Iguaçu." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21019.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
During the civil and military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) there was a violence increase in the Baixada Fluminense. During this period, a Catholic movement inspired by Liberation Theology was developed in the city of Nova Iguaçu, which was easily spreaded alongside the poor people, against the will of the dictatorship and in defense of Human Rights. This movement had as central figure the bishop of that city: Dom Adriano Hypólito. The objective of this work is to analyze and discuss the ideas of this Catholic bishop with other authors and researchers who have dedicated themselves to the question of religiosity and social formation in Brazil, paying special attention to the issue of violence in the 1970s and 1980s, pointing out that the words of Dom Adriano can help in the understanding that Violence is linked to historical factors, misguided public policies and neglection. The sources of this work are from the diocesan newspaper of Nova Iguaçu called A Folha, interviews given by Dom Adriano, some articles of the period and two documentaries: Nova Iguaçu, the city of my eyes (2003) and Diocese of New Iguaçu: 50 years of mission (2013). In order to deal with my sources, I used the method of reading and analyzing Dom Adriano's speeches with works that refer to the social, spatial and ideological formations of the Catholic Church, Brazil and the Baixada Fluminense. An analysis was then made of the pastoral work of the Church of Nova Iguaçu in the 1970s and 1980s, when the bishop assumed a political position of resistance to the dictatorship and denunciations of the actions of the death squads in the region. The reason behind this work was produced lies in the proposal of discussing on the role of religiosity in brazilian society, since it is important to rediscuss a Church that, at a certain historical moment, has positioned Itself between the collectivity and individualism, sought to strengthen community ties and fought against the violence covered and often undertaken by the State
Durante a ditadura civil e militar no Brasil (1964-1985) ocorreu um agravamento da violência na Baixada Fluminense. Neste mesmo período desenvolveu-se na cidade de Nova Iguaçu um movimento católico inspirado pela Teologia da libertação, que se posicionava ao lado do povo pobre, contra as arbitrariedades da ditadura e em defesa dos Direitos Humanos. Este movimento teve como figura central o bispo dessa cidade: Dom Adriano Hypólito. Objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e discutir as ideias desse bispo católico com outros autores e pesquisadores que se dedicaram à questão da religiosidade e à formação social do Brasil, dando especial atenção à questão da violência na Baixada Fluminense nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, apontando que as palavras de Dom Adriano podem ajudar na compreensão de que a violência está vinculada a fatores históricos, políticas públicas equivocadas e descaso. As fontes deste trabalho são exemplares do jornal diocesano de Nova Iguaçu denominado A Folha, entrevistas concedidas por Dom Adriano a jornais e revistas, algumas matérias de jornais do período e dois documentários: Nova Iguaçu, a cidade dos meus olhos (2003) e Diocese de Nova Iguaçu: 50 anos de missão (2013). Para lidar com as minhas fontes utilizei o método de leitura e análise dos discursos de Dom Adriano em diálogo com obras que se referenciam às formações social, espacial e ideológica da Igreja Católica, do Brasil e da Baixada Fluminense. Então foi feita uma análise do trabalho pastoral da Igreja de Nova Iguaçu nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, quando o referido bispo assumiu uma posição política de resistência à ditadura e de denúncias das ações dos Esquadrões da Morte na região. A justificativa para este trabalho está na proposta de reflexão acerca do papel da religiosidade na sociedade brasileira, pois em tempos de multiplicação de ideias intolerantes e excludentes se faz importante rediscutir uma Igreja que, em certo momento histórico, se posicionou entre a coletividade e o individualismo, buscou fortalecer os laços de comunidade e lutou contra a violência acobertada e, muitas vezes, empreendida pelo Estado
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Valério, Mairon Escorsi 1981. "Entre a cruz e a foice : Dom Pedro Casaldaliga e a significação religiosa do Araguaia." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281502.
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Orientador: Eliane Moura da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A presente dissertação na área de História Cultural é um estudo sobre o processo de significação religiosa, ocorrido em São Félix do Araguaia. Durante os anos 1970, a partir da interpretação da teologia da libertação, D. Pedro Casaldáliga, bispo da Prelazia, surge como figura central das tensões políticas entre a chamada Igreja Popular e a Ditadura Militar, por ocasião da implementação dos grandes latifúndios agro-pecuários no norte do Mato Grosso. A centralidade da idéia de profetismo foi crucial para a atuação de Casaldáliga e o seu projeto político-pastoral na região. Organizada em torno da identidade profética as narrativas de memória/história sobre a Prelazia e o bispo construíram uma cultura católica da libertação em todos os âmbitos da prática religiosa. As contradições e limites da identidade profética da Prelazia e, por fim, a conformação dessa identidade profética diante da mudança do cenário político-social em São Félix do Araguaia nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 são os assuntos abordados aqui
Abstract: This dissertation on Cultural History is a study about the religious signification process occurred in São Félix do Araguaia. During 1970 years, by liberation theology criteria, D. Pedro Casaldáliga, Prelacy bishop¿s, appears like a central figure in the middle of political tension between the called Popular Church and Military Dictatorship, in the moment of large state implementation in the north of Mato Grosso state. The prophecy idea was crucial for Casaldáliga¿s actuation and for his political-pastoral project in the region. Organized around prophetic identity, the memories-histories narratives about the Prelacy and Casaldáliga forged a catholic culture of liberation on various scopes of religious practices. The contradictions and limits of Prelacy¿s prophetic identity and, at the end, the conformation of this prophetic identity up against the change of political-social context in São Félix do Araguaia in the 1980 and 1990 decades are the matters dialed here
Mestrado
Historia Cultural
Mestre em História
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Pereira, André Luiz Tavares 1972. "A constituição do programa iconografico das irmandades de clerigos seculares no Brasil e em Portugal no seculo XVIII : estudos de caso." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280540.
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Orientador: Luciano MigliaccioTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A presente tese analisa o papel das irmandades de clérigos seculares, na América portuguesa e em Portugal, como encomendadoras de obras artísticas ao longo do século XVIII. Procura-se demonstrar de que maneira organiza-se seu programa iconográfico até 1731 e como esse conjunto de imagens devocionais e pintura decorativa atende às necessidades político-ideológicas do clero português na seqüência imediata da criação do Patriarcado de Lisboa em 1716. Ainda, ressaltamos a ligação de membros dos altos setores da administração religiosa portuguesa com as referidas irmandades, lembrando o exemplo do primeiro patriarca de Lisboa, D. Tomás de Almeida, ligado intimamente aos quadros da Irmandade de clérigos do Porto. Apresentamos variado registro de imagens e análises cuidadosas do patrimônio artístico das irmandades portuguesas ¿ Porto, Amarante e Viana do Castelo ¿ e daquelas instaladas na América portuguesa ¿ Salvador, Recife e Mariana ¿ sublinhando a importância do programa de imagens patrocinado por estas agremiações, que interpretamos como manipulação político-teológica da iconografia da Autoridade Religiosa, opção oportuna durante os anos do reinado de D. João V e da organização da administrção eclesiástica na América Portuguesa ao longo do século XVIII
Doutorado
Historia da Arte
Doutor em História
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Gomori, Marcus. "An extended reflection on the history of the Eastern Catholic Church in the United States and the challenges facing its mission and possible future in the twenty-first century (Ruthenian jurisdiction)." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Aguilar, Emiliano Jr. ""No More Cathedrals|" The Chicano Movement Encounters the Catholic Church." Thesis, Purdue University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10272950.
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The tumultuous period of the 1960s reflect an era of change and renegotiation of the power dynamics in the United States. While forging an ethno-nationalist identity, the historical agents of the Chicano Movement also struggled with some of their identifying characteristics and those characteristics impact on their activism. The most notable internal conflict with the Chicanos’ construction of identity was the role of their faith and its physical manifestation: the Catholic Church. Through the external movements of notable leaders, such as César Chávez, Ricardo Cruz, and Reies Lopez-Tijerina, the role of religion in a movement that is typically considered secular was notable. These leaders questioned the use of resources by the Church on behalf of the Chicanos and demanded that the Church serve, along with the movement, in their pursuit for equality. Chicano leaders established a precedent for internal changes via Chicano priests and religious Chicanas within the Church. As criticism of the Catholic Church by external forces allowed for ample space for internal members of the system to advocate for change on the basis of the protests. Members of the movement pressured the Catholic Church to support its Chicana constituents were necessary to elicit change from the Catholic Church in its support of Chicano constituents. Each group within the Chicano political movement shared demands of the Church to utilize native clergy, reconsider the use of their resources, and serve their constituents’ physical and not just their spiritual needs. Aside from this reciprocal relationship, these Chicanos political leaders forced the Catholic Church to act on the declarations of Vatican II by relying on liberationist concepts. These concepts sought to establish a focus on the impoverished and to treat the spiritual needs and earthly needs of the poor simultaneously. The Chicano Movement demanded that the Catholic Church become involved with issues of social justice and provide the Chicano Movement with a greatly needed moral justification.
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Gordon, James. "The Laity and the Catholic Church in Cathar Languedoc." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332946.
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Szajkowski, B. "Roman Catholic Church-State relations in Poland 1944-1983." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378427.
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Flegg, Columba Graham. "The Catholic Apostolic Church : its history, ecclesiology, liturgy and eschatology." Thesis, n.p, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Law, Wing Leung. "Church and state relations in contemporary China : a case study of the Wenzhou Catholic Church." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1196.
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Frymire, John Marshall. "Pestilence and Reformation: Catholic preaching and a recurring crisis in sixteenth-century Germany." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279789.
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This study examines some of the plague sermons of German Catholic preachers during the sixteenth century, the era of the Reformation. It takes the question, "What was preached?" and applies it to a hitherto neglected genre of sources to investigate how Catholic preachers responded to a recurring, pre-Reformation crisis---plague---and how they interpreted that crisis during an era of revolutionary religious change. Special attention is given to the themes of astrology and the causes of plague, interpretations of epidemic disease in terms of divine wrath, plague prevention and social discipline. By comparing some of the Catholic plague sermons with those of their Protestant counterparts, similarities emerge to reveal a shared "Catholic" tradition, just as differences become apparent that reflect many of the debates between the confessions in sixteenth-century Germany. The theme of Catholic preaching and the German Reformation itself, however, has received little attention in the field, despite the fact that scholars have begun to devote much research and exposition to Protestant sermons during the period. Contrary to common opinion--that Catholics failed to measure up to their evangelical counterparts in the pulpits--this study also sketches some of the contours of Catholic preaching during the first three decades of the Reformation: major preachers, the sources, and some of the themes they emphasized. Conceived as both a thesis and as an outline for further research, it is argued here that the Catholic response from the pulpits was of greater scope and higher quality than has hitherto been assumed.
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Mellinger, Laura. "The first wandering preachers." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3538.
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This thesis attempts to trace the origins of the wandering preachers who appeared around 1100 in Europe. These were men who took it upon themselves to wander through towns am countryside, preaching a variety of messages wherever they from an audience. They are of interest in prefiguring St Francis' style, and in exemplifying the ramification of voluntary poverty styles which formed their context. They are also important for their central role in various movements of popular piety.
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DaSilva, Fernando Bezerra. "Religious brotherhoods of NE Brazil, 1860s-1900s : a case study of a social movement /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008308.
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Steidl, Jason. "The Chicano Movement in the US Catholic Church| Grassroots Activism and Dialogical Ecclesiology." Thesis, Fordham University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10846575.
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The Chicano Movement in the Catholic Church initiated dialogue with the Catholic hierarchy through grassroots activism that ranged from the prophetic to the quotidian. Chicano organizations were led by Catholics whose experiences of the Church gave rise to their advocacy for racial justice, equal representation, and culturally appropriate ministries. Visions for the Church originating in the fields and barrios grew into a movement that challenged racism against Mexican Americans at local, diocesan, and national levels. Many Chicanos held that there was an inseparable connection between their cultural and spiritual lives. They asserted their place within the faith community and demanded the pastoral care that Anglo Catholic leadership denied them. Chicano Catholics pressured the Church with strategies they learned from community organizing, the Chicano and Black Liberation Movements, and the Feminist Movement. They did so in a way that made Catholic doctrine, rhetoric, and rituals central to their campaign and set them apart from secular branches of movimiento activism. Chicano Catholics valued the social, economic, and spiritual power held by the Church and were determined to redistribute it among Mexican American communities.
Decades after the peak of the Chicano Movement, its history in the Church is ripe for theological reflection. As a historical study, this work augments secular histories that have neglected the religious, theological, and ecclesiological foundations of the Chicano Movement. Theologically, this dissertation will encourage existing ecclesiologies to take seriously grassroots perspectives of the Church that animate dialogue, including the unconventional, controversial, and often provocative means that the Chicano Movement used to instigate dialogue between the center and peripheries of the US Catholic Church. Lessons from the Chicano Movement are invaluable for a Church within a political, social, and ecclesial milieu that continues to exclude vulnerable communities.
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Mooney, Mary. "Challenge to authority : Catholic laity in Chile and the United States, 1966-1987." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28858.
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This dissertation analyzes the nature and degree of attitudinal change that has taken place within a key sector of the Catholic Church, i.e, lay leaders, in the period between 1966 and 1987 in two different national contexts, Chile and the United States. It builds on an unfinished study by Ivan Vallier, who attempted to clarify the ambiguous position of the laity in the Church and in society, in implementing the reforms of Vatican II. The author interviewed 96 middle-class lay leaders, plus dozens of informants. The analysis examines continuity and change on three issues. Some key findings include: a significant change in concepts of Church and God, toward more intimate/maternal images that encompass an active social dimension; much greater salience and complexity of the 'democratization' issue, particularly concerning the role of women, in the American Church; and the continuing imperative of the socio-political issue for the Chileans and their demands for more, not less, political involvement by the hierarchy. The results reflect the persistent tensions between 'progressive' and 'conservative' models of change, and help to explain the continuing importance of religion in modern society.
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O'Reilly, Noel. "Pro fide et patria? The Catholic Church and Republicanism in Ireland 1912-1923." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388057.
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Holbrook, Joseph. "Catholic Student Movements in Latin America: Cuba and Brazil, 1920s to 1960s." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1013.
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This dissertation examines the ideological development of the Catholic University Student (JUC) movements in Cuba and Brazil during the Cold War and their organizational predecessors and intellectual influences in interwar Europe. Transnational Catholicism prioritized the attempt to influence youth and in particular, university students, within the context of Catholic nations within Atlantic civilization in the middle of the twentieth century. This dissertation argues that the Catholic university movements achieved a relatively high level of social and political influence in a number of countries in Latin America and that the experience of the Catholic student activists led them to experience ideological conflict and in some cases, rupture, with the conservative ideology of the Catholic hierarchy. Catholic student movements flourished after World War II in the context of an emerging youth culture. The proliferation of student organizations became part of the ideological battlefield of the Cold War. Catholic university students also played key roles in the Cuban Revolution (1957-1959) and in the attempted political and social reforms in Brazil under President João Goulart (1961-1964).
The JUC, under the guidance of the Church hierarchy, attempted to avoid aligning itself with either ideological camp in the Cold War, but rather to chart a Third Way between materialistic capitalism and atheistic socialism. Thousands of students in over 70 nations were intensively trained to think critically about pressing social issues. This paper will to place the Catholic Student movement in Cuba in the larger context of transnational Catholic university movements using archival evidence, newspaper accounts and secondary sources. Despite the hierarchy’s attempt to utilize students as a tool of influence, the actual lived experience of students equipped them to think critically about social issues, and helped lay a foundation for the progressive student politics of the late 1960s and the rise of liberation theology in the1970s.
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Green, Alvah J. III. "Fighting Spirit: A History of St. Henry's Catholic Church New Orleans 1871-1929." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2078.
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In 2009, the Archdiocese of New Orleans went through a reorganization that resulted in the closure of numerous parishes under its direction. This thesis will look at how one of the parishes closed during this reorganization, St. Henry’s, had already faced, and survived, numerous attempts at closure. A study of these previous attempts reveals that internal church politics were often on display and the driving force behind the decisions. Using documents from the Archdiocesan Archives of New Orleans, this thesis looks at the history and leadership of St. Henry’s parish, and examines how the survival of a church often has more to do with the personalities of those in leadership positions and less to do with the propagation of faith.
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Delgadillo, Robert Francisco. "A study of El Censor| A new perspective of the Catholic Church in the Spanish Enlightenment." Thesis, Fuller Theological Seminary, Center for Adv. Theological Study, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10127245.
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This dissertation investigates the role of El Censor, the essay periodical published in Spain from 1781 to 1787, in challenging government policies and church traditions during the Enlightenment. It argues that the editors and authors of the 167 discursos (essays) criticized social customs and institutions during the last two decades of the antiguo régimen while remaining firmly in their religious faith. The political and historical context of El Censor is presented against the backdrop of the absolutist policies of King Carlos III and the vigilance of the Spanish Inquisition. El Censor’s editors and publishers were Luis García Cañuelo and Luis Marcelino Pereira, who at first seemed enigmatic because of their political and religious views. Nevertheless, they and their contributors soon identified themselves as veritable enlightened men, who sought to modernize Spain and the Spanish Roman Catholic Church. In the weekly essays, they published their observations of everyday life and the iniquities that existed in the society of their time. Government authorities banned El Censor twice before shutting it down permanently. Afterwards, the Spanish Inquisition placed twenty-three of the discursos on the syllabus of forbidden books. This dissertation presents eight of the banned discursos with English translations and commentaries. More than two-hundred years after El Censor’s prohibition, the discursos continue to speak to twenty-first century readers about the absurdities and injustices of society and power. This dissertation gives credence to the study of the religious Enlightenment; it demonstrates that it was possible to be enlightened and a true Christian. It reveals that El Censor held onto idealist views and moral integrity while facing obstacles from government, church, and angry apologists. In the pages of the discursos, there are recognizable characters like Eusebio the pious hypocrite; Calixto the proud, lazy noble; Candido Zorrilla, the baroque fanatic; and Pedro Camueso y Machuca and el equívoco. This dissertation reveals several unexpected discoveries that challenge long-held notions about the Enlightenment, the Roman Catholic Church, and Spain.
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Roberts, Hannah Cowell. "Re-examining Welsh Catholicism, c. 1660-1700." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43133.
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Palmer, Peter Joseph. "The Communists and the Roman Catholic Church in Yugoslavia, 1941-1946." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea1c5fb1-ae10-47f5-9064-f2deb06d653f.
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This thesis examines the development of the Yugoslav Communists' approach towards the Catholic Church during the period of their takeover and consolidation of power from the outbreak of war in April 1941 until late 1946. In recent years, a comprehensive reappraisal of the Communist takeover has been going on in the countries of former Yugoslavia, and this work draws on this new scholarship, as well as on hitherto unused archival material. It examines the development of the Communists' popular front line during the war, according to which the Communist-dominated Partisan movement sought to appeal to non-communists, including Catholics, to join them in ousting the occupier. As such, this policy meant downplaying the Communists' revolutionary programme, which they never actually gave up. The thesis examines in detail the application of the popular front policy among the Catholic Croats of Croatia and Bosnia, and among the Slovenes. It describes how the Communists avoided actions or pronouncements that would have offended the Church, attempted to have cordial relations with the Church hierarchy and encouraged the active participation of Catholic clergy and prominent lay people in the movement. The prime purpose of this was to reassure the Catholic population that they had nothing to fear from a Communist takeover. However, the hostility between the two sides was not overcome, as revealed in the violence of the Communists towards many of the clergy during the period immediately before and after their takeover. Following this, the Communists' implementation of their revolutionary programme brought them into direct conflict with the interests of the Church, especially in their curtailing of the role of the Church in education and in their confiscation of Church property. Relations quickly degenerated into open confrontation, as the Church could not accept the limited role in society which the Communists were prepared to grant it.
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Livraga, Patrizia. "Education in Hong Kong, 1858 - 1894 Bishop Timoleone Raimondi's epoch /." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13834113.
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Slosar, John Roy. "The response of the German bishops to the Reichskonkordat." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3543.
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This thesis focuses on the reaction of the German bishops to the Reichskonkordat, which was negotiated between the Vatican and the German government from April 10, 1933 to September 10, 1933. The paper attempts to show that the views of the episcopate were their own and did not always correspond to those of the Vatican. While secondary sources offer an important supplement, the account relies mostly on published documents. In particular, the Catholic Church documents compiled from the Reichskonkordat negotiations and the correspondence of the German bishops during the year 1933 were used most extensively.
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Hall, Matthew. "Lyon publishing in the age of Catholic revival, 1565-1600." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16276.
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This PhD dissertation focuses upon the role of Lyon's printing industry in the revival of Catholicism in the second half of the sixteenth century. Lyon was one of Europe's premier cities; booming trade and tolerant attitudes had been catalysts for its growth. It possessed one of the finest and most renowned printing industries on the continent. Reputations were turned upside down by the development of evangelical activism in the 1560s. By the late 1560s the city was once more firmly placed in the Roman Catholic camp. Lyon's presses joined in the newly found Catholic sentiment. Presses produced a vast range of texts necessary for the reconstruction of the Church. From the start, the commerce of the book and the fate of Catholic revival were closely bound together. Within a decade of the fall of the Protestant regime, Catholic authors and publishers produced steady streams of violent pamphlet literature aimed towards the eradication of the Huguenot. With a powerful combination of theological tomes and a flood of book and pamphlet literature addressed to a wider audience, Lyon's printing presses held an important role in the progress of Catholic revival. Chapter one sketches core aspects of the history of the printing industry in Lyon from its inception in the 1470s until 1600. Chapter two concentrates on the production of pamphlet literature between 1565 and 1588, the years of Catholic victory and the period leading up to the radical developments of the Holy Catholic League. Chapter three extends the survey of the period 1565 until 1588 by addressing the body of larger religious books published. Chapters four and five explore the role of pamphlet literature during Lyon's adherence to the Leaguer, and then Royalist movement. Chapter six examines the production of larger religious books throughout the years 1589 until 1600. This study of Lyon's place in print culture demonstrates that our preconceptions of the book culture - seen through the predominantly German model - cannot be accurately imposed across European printing centres. Contrary to the German experience print culture and the Counter-Reformation were inextricably linked. Moreover, French Catholic authors were prepared to confront the evangelical movement in the medium of print. By doing so Catholic authors and publishers fully utilised the weapons that had brought Protestantism so much success, making them their own.
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Gleeson, Damian John School of History UNSW. "The professionalisation of Australian catholic social welfare, 1920-1985." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26952.
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This thesis explores the neglected history of Australian Catholic social welfare, focusing on the period, 1920-85. Central to this study is a comparative analysis of diocesan welfare bureaux (Centacare), especially the Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide agencies. Starting with the origins of professional welfare at local levels, this thesis shows the growth in Catholic welfare services across Australia. The significant transition from voluntary to professional Catholic welfare in Australia is a key theme. Lay trained women inspired the transformation in the church???s welfare services. Prepared predominantly by their American training, these women devoted their lives to fostering social work in the Church and within the broader community. The women demonstrated vision and tenacity in introducing new policies and practices across the disparate and unco-ordinated Australian Catholic welfare sector. Their determination challenged the status quo, especially the church???s preference for institutionalisation of children, though they packaged their reforms with compassion and pragmatism. Trained social workers offered specialised guidance though such efforts were often not appreciated before the 1960s. New approaches to welfare and the co-ordination of services attracted varying degrees of resistance and opposition from traditional Catholic charity providers: religious orders and the voluntary-based St Vincent de Paul Society (SVdP). For much of the period under review diocesan bureaux experienced close scrutiny from their ordinaries (bishops), regular financial difficulties, and competition from other church-based charities for status and funding. Following the lead of lay women, clerics such as Bishop Algy Thomas, Monsignor Frank McCosker and Fr Peter Phibbs (Sydney); Bishop Eric Perkins (Melbourne), Frs Terry Holland and Luke Roberts (Adelaide), consolidated Catholic social welfare. For four decades an unprecedented Sydney-Melbourne partnership between McCosker and Perkins had a major impact on Catholic social policy, through peak bodies such as the National Catholic Welfare Committee and its successor the Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission. The intersection between church and state is examined in terms of welfare policies and state aid for service delivery. Peak bodies secured state aid for the church???s welfare agencies, which, given insufficient church funding proved crucial by the mid 1980s.
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Kilcrann, John. ""God's land, our land" linking faith and the land struggle in Brazil /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Hurley, Robert J. (Robert Joseph). "Biblical interpretation in the Viens vers le Père catechetical series." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41618.
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The thesis offers an examination of the use of the Bible in Viens vers le Pere, a Catholic catechetical series published between 1964 and 1969 for use in the primary schools of Quebec. It enjoyed great popularity from the 1960s to the 1980s and was translated into several languages and used in some fourteen countries. The series places particular emphasis on the use of the Bible in catechesis. The thesis investigates the method of biblical interpretation underpinning these catechetical resources and constitutes the first indepth study of the series. Developments in educational psychology and Catholic theology from the first half of the $20 sp{ rm th}$ century influence the use and interpretation of the Bible in this series. The thesis concludes that the Bible and typical experiences of young children are exploited as a means for presenting and understanding doctrine.From a hermeneutical perspective, the thesis offers an exercise in metacriticism. The thesis suggests an alternative to the exploitation of the Bible and the experiences of the audience as a means to clarify doctrine. It concludes that catechesis should engender a dialogue between the scriptural world and the child's world in hopes of an encounter which would elucidate both.
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Egan, Anthony. "The National Catholic Federation of Students : a study of political ideas and activities within a Christian student movement, 1960-1987." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21836.
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Bibliography: pages 191-212.This is a study of the National Catholic Federation of Students (NCFS), an organisation that sought to bring together Catholic students on South African university campuses, examining specifically NCFS' political ideas and activities from 1960 to 1987. The underlying supposition of this thesis is that church history ought to be an integral part of the discipline of history, and that there is a need to write church history from "below" from the perspectives of the "people's church", the church that comprises the religious experience of the majority of its members rather than its hierarchy.
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BARBOSA, MARIA DE FATIMA DE C. F. "THE VALUE OF THE ECSTATIC DIMENSION OF THE CHURCH: THEOLOGICAL-PASTORAL STUDY ON THE CATHOLIC CHARISMATIC RENEWAL IN BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35224@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
O objetivo desta dissertação é pesquisar o valor da dimensão extática da Igreja, fazendo um estudo teológico-pastoral sobre a Renovação Carismática Católica no Brasil. Com isso, começaremos a nossa pesquisa apresentando o desejo de Deus em se comunicar com o ser humano e, como consequência, este tem a necessidade de acolhê-Lo e de se comunicar com Ele. Esta ânsia de comunicação manifesta-se no arco da história das religiões de diversas formas, e uma delas é o êxtase. Investigaremos, então, a função que o êxtase tem na experiência religiosa cristã primitiva. Faremos um percurso histórico a respeito do êxtase no antigo Israel, como também na experiência religiosa de outros povos que tiveram contato com Israel, para podermos compreender a experiência extática tanto veterotestamentária como também neotestamentária. Mostraremos a dimensão extática na Igreja dos Atos do Apóstolos e na Igreja de Corinto. Veremos que por causa desta dimensão extática, os carismas transbordavam e milagres e prodígios aconteciam abundantemente. Com isso, a cada dia mais e mais pessoas se juntavam a eles, pois eram Igrejas inclusivas, onde ninguém passava necessidade. Em seguida, apresentaremos como, ao longo dos tempos, devido às dificuldades enfrentadas, surge a necessidade de sistematizar a Igreja, provocando o enfraquecimento da sua dimensão extática e dando preferência à defesa da fé pela razão. A doutrina passa a ser racional e o kerigma perde seu lugar para a filosofia moral, resultando no declínio da Igreja extática. Contudo, o Espírito Santo sopra, mais uma vez, sobre a Igreja, e o Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II é convocado. Há, nesse momento da história, uma reviravolta na Igreja e o retorno dos carismas, propiciando assim o reavivamento da Igreja extática e dando início à Renovação Carismática Católica. Em seguida, mostraremos as críticas e controvérsias que a Renovação Carismática Católica teve que enfrentar, causando assim a necessidade de se sistematizar e hierarquizar. Finalizaremos a nossa pesquisa apresentando os riscos e as possibilidades pastorais atuais para a dimensão extática da Igreja. Mostraremos que, apesar de estarmos vivendo uma transição epocal, a proposta cristã permanece a mesma e, por essa razão, é preciso recuperarmos o projeto de Jesus Cristo e a dimensão extática de Sua Igreja, uma vez que a nossa intenção é mostrar que o êxtase é uma legítima expressão dentro de uma estrutura religiosa.
The objective of this dissertation is to research the value of the ecstatic dimension of the Church. Fulfilling a theological-pastoral study on the Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Brazil. We will begin our research presenting God s desire in communicating with the human being; consequently, the human being has the need to accept God and to communicate with Him. This eagerness for communication will manifests, in the arc of the history of religions in various ways, one of which is ecstasy. We will investigate the role that ecstasy has in the early Christian religious experience. We will make a historic route about the ecstasy in ancient Israel, as well as in other people s religious experience who had contact with Israel. This will be done, so that we can understand the ecstasy experience in the Old Testament as well as in the New Testament. We will show the ecstatic dimension in the Church of the Acts of the Apostles and in the Church of Corinth. We will see that, because of this ecstatic dimension, the charisms overflowed, miracle and wonders happened, and every day more and more people joined them. That because they were an inclusive Churches and nobody was in need. We will show how throughout the years, due to the difficulties faced by the Church, there was a need to systematize the Church. This will weaken the ecstatic dimension of the Church and the doctrine will become rational. The kerigma loses its place for the moral philosophy; this will provoke the decline of the ecstatic Church. However, the Holy Spirit, once again, comes down over the Church and the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council is announced. At this point, a turnaround happens in the Church and the charisms returns, bringing the revival of the ecstatic Church, beginning the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. We will show the criticisms and controversies that the Catholic Charismatic Renewal had to face, causing the need to systematize and hierarchize. We will conclude our research by presenting the risk and pastoral possibilities for the ecstatic dimension of the Church. Although we are living in an epocal transition, the Christin proposal remains the same and for this reason, we must recover Jesus Christ project and the ecstatic dimension of His Church. We intend to show that ecstasy is a legitimate expression within a religious structure.
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Seljak, David 1958. "The Catholic Church's reaction to the secularization of nationalism in Quebec, 1960-1980." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39996.
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The political modernization of Quebec in the 1960s meant that the close identification of French Canadian identity with the Roman Catholic faith was replaced by a new secular nationalism. Using David Martin's A General Theory of Secularization, I examine the reaction of the Catholic Church to its own loss of power and to the rise of this new secular nationalism. Conservative Catholics first condemned the new nationalism; by 1969 some conservative accepted the new society and even supported its state interventionism. Most important Catholic groups, including the hierarchy, the most dynamic organizations, and largest publications came to accept the new society. Inspired by the religious reforms of the Second Vatican Council and new papal social teaching, they affirmed the right of Quebeckers to self-determination and social justice. The Church created a sustained ethical critique of nationalism as a means of redefining its public presence in Quebec society. The consensus around this ethical critique and redefinitions of the Church role is evident in the participation of Catholic groups in the 1980 referendum on sovereignty-association.
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Dunlop, Joseph. "La Relève : Catholic intellectuals in Quebec, 1930-1950." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:87a80921-1aa8-4324-9afa-000b2572581b.
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This study traces the intellectual and political itinerary of the review La Relève, an influential cultural journal in 1930s and ‘40s Quebec, in order to explore broader trends within francophone Catholicism in the middle decades of the twentieth century. La Relève enjoyed a unique role as a propagator of French Catholic thought in Quebec due to its close ties with the prominent French Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain. In the early ‘30s, members of the Relève group espoused a militant Catholicism with conservative-minded nationalist sympathies. The group’s encounter with Maritain in October 1934, however, moved La Relève towards a more communitarian Catholicism which was open to social and religious pluralism. During the later ‘30s, the Relèvistes would display a new interest in democratic forms of politics, reflecting the larger ‘democratic turn’ evident amongst many francophone Catholic intellectuals. In examining this shift, this study argues that the progressive Catholicism embraced by La Relève remained strongly rooted in longstanding Catholic social teachings and mentalities, thereby shedding light upon the political trajectory of the larger French Catholic Revival during this period. The emergence of a ‘Left’ Catholicism in France and Quebec was the result of a gradual and often contradictory process in which new attempts to engage with pluralism, democracy and human rights were heavily influenced by the traditionally anti-liberal and anti-individualistic perspectives of Catholic social and political thought. This study also examines the social and cultural environment of Catholic intellectual engagement in Quebec during this period, focusing upon the role played by friendship in defining the experiences of the Relève circle during the 1930s and ‘40s. Initially the product of a close-knit and often cliquish group of former schoolmates, La Relève provided a forum for masculine solidarity and shared intellectual and religious pursuits. The Relèvistes' conception of friendship expanded over the course of the decade, reflecting their exposure to the ideas of the French Catholic intelligentsia, for whom the idea of friendship signalled a wider community bound together by common religious, social and political goals. During the war years, the Relève group came to play a new role within the larger francophone Catholic intellectual community, founding a publishing company which printed numerous anti-fascist Catholic authors. In the postwar period, however, contact with the European intellectual milieu diminished, as the review closed in 1948 and the Relèvistes embraced new trends in Catholic thought which ultimately distanced them from Maritain. However, intellectual engagement with French Catholic thought would continue on in Quebec through the review Cité libre, which would play an important role in shaping politics and society in Quebec and Canada during the later twentieth century.
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Drelová, Agáta. "A cultural history of Catholic nationalism in Slovakia, 1985-1993." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21846.
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This thesis is about the construction of a nationalised public Catholic culture in Slovakia from 1985 to 1993. At the core of this culture was the assumption that the Catholic Church had always been an integral part of the Slovak nation, her past, her present and her future. The thesis seeks to answer the question of who created this culture during the 1980s and 1990s and how and why they did so. To answer these questions this thesis adopts a cultural approach and explores how this culture was created utilising the concepts of collective memory, symbols and events as its main analytical tools. The data for this analysis include, but are not restricted to, materials produced in relation to various commemorative events and pilgrimages, especially those related to the leading national Catholic symbols: the National Patroness Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows and Saints Cyril and Methodius. The thesis argues that this culture was deliberately constructed from the point of view of many actors. Before 1989 these included the official Catholic hierarchy, underground Catholic Church communities, the pope and nationalist Communists. After 1989 these actors continued to construct this culture even as their positions of power changed. Most notably, underground Catholics became part of current ecclesiastical and political elite, and communist nationalists dissociated themselves from the Communist Party but retained their position within the cultural and political elite. The thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter looks at how the nationalised public Catholic culture started in the mid-1980s with underground Catholic communities that focused on culture and grassroots mobilisation. The second chapter looks at how the nationalist Communists and the official church hierarchy became involved in construction of parts of this culture and how their involvement resonated with the underground Catholic communities. Chapter Three examines how this culture continued to develop in the early 1990s in a new political context, and how it contributed to a broader cultural legitimisation of Slovak independence.
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Tyers, John Haydn. "Borrowed silence : a history of the practice of retreat in the Church of England." Thesis, University of Chester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/253312.
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This thesis, which is the first attempt to write about the growth of retreats, deals with a rather sidelined but important development in the history of spirituality. It states when, how and why the practice of retreat was adopted and adapted in the Church of England after having been a devotion in the Church of Rome since the time of the Catholic Reformation and how it has developed since. It is divided chronologically into three major sections. The first tells the story of its adoption in 1858 by a group of Anglo Catholics in the form of the preached retreat and its subsequent spread to a small number of adherents, despite meeting opposition from Evangelical Christians. The second tells of the influence of a Jesuit brother, Charles Plater, and how after the First World War a number of Diocesan retreat houses were opened, the use of which continued to rise until after the Second World War. The third takes the story up to our present day with its adaptation to the needs of the present search for faith, its decline accompanying the present loss in membership in the churches whilst at the same time its adoption in various forms by non-Anglican groups. In particular it contains a history of the Society of Retreat Conductors. All the time comparison is made with what was happening in the Church of Rome. There are resonances with the history of the Victorian church, the attitude of the established church to the working classes, evangelism, the changing fortunes of Anglo Catholicism, the ecumenical movement and New Age Christianity. It is of interest to all who are concerned about spread of religious faith today.
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Davis, Elisabeth Claire. "AUTHORITATIVE LETTERS JEANNE DE CHANTAL AND FEMININE AUTHORITY IN THE EARLY MODERN CATHOLIC CHURCH." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/259594.
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HistoryM.A.
The early modern period of a time of religious renewal and upheaval that resulted in a wealth of new religious orders, particularly those for women. During this period of change, Catholic women responded to the threat of Protestantism by adapting the convent to their own needs. One of the most successful orders for women was the Congregation of the Visitation, founded by Jeanne de Chantal and François de Sales. The history of the Visitation tends to focus on de Sales rather than its cofounder de Chantal. This thesis attempts to reconcile this omission, detailing de Chantal's ability to demonstrate and enact her authority through the mode of letters. In doing so, this paper enters into a conversation on religious revival in the early modern period by illustrating the porous nature of the early modern convent and the role women had in shaping early modern religiosity.
Temple University--Theses
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Kelly, Augustine. "The vernacular devotional literature of the English Catholic community, 1560-1640." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2651.
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The Catholic community of post-Settlement England relied upon devotional literature to sustain the faith of individuals who were generally deprived of the sacraments and contact with Catholic clergy. Increasingly, these books were used not only to promote Catholic spirituality, but to encourage greater fidelity and loyalty to the Catholic church. The genre is represented by texts which vary greatly and which accommodated a wide and disparate audience with different devotional requirements and even with varying degrees of attachment to the Catholic faith. The period was one of tremendous religious literary activity on the Continent and those who were involved in the production and distribution of Catholic literature drew heavily upon the spiritual books which were issuing in such great numbers from the commercial presses in France and the Netherlands. Translating the devotional works of the spiritual masters of the day proved to be a tremendously effective way of providing English readers with books of orthodox devotion, while at the same time drawing the isolated community into the wider world of Catholic renewal. Providing Catholic devotional texts to a persecuted audience under tremendous pressure to conform very often drew that audience into the fray of controversy and the quarrel of religious disputation. The line between devotion and controversy was thin and often crossed, and devotional books were frequently used as a method of promoting not only Catholic spirituality, but Catholic loyalty as well. Thus, these books, like other devotional artefacts, were considered dangerous to the religious - and political - stability of England. In the contemporary situation these devotional books were clearly regarded as effective tools for maintaining Catholicism in England, both by those who produced them and by those who sought to destroy them. The study of these books can help us to appreciate that important role and the place of devotional literature in the wider context of confessional conflict.
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Palmer, Douglas B. "The Republic of Grace: International Jansenism in the Age of enlightenment and Revolutions." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1090415628.
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Gula, Józef. "The Roman Catholic Church in the history of the Polish exiled community in Britain (1939-1950)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317997/.
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The subject of this thesis is the role of religion in the history of the exiled Polish community, which made its way to Britain in the years 1939 to 1950. The role of religion in the life of man has been stressed by sociologists as well as by theologians and religious leaders. Religion 'is not a sort of luxury which a man could go along without, but a condition of his very existence. He could not be a man, if he had not acquired it.' (E. Durkheim - 'The social foundation of religion', Sociology of Religion, Harmondworth, 1984, p. 53). The thesis will give an account of the role and influence of the Roman Catholic faith in the life of the Polish Exiles and their Communities in the decade following the outbreak of the Second World War. It will trace their lives during the war and immediately after, in various European countries, though mainly in Britain, as also in the Soviet Union and the Middle East. All these countries were, for a certain time, places of short-term residence for the Poles, whose war ally and the last refuge after the war, became Great Britain. A substantial introduction has been added outlining the history of Poles in Britain before 1939, and the general question of their national identity. It would be useful to note that the Exiled Poles, wherever they were, saw themselves as the Polish nation abroad. The reason, perhaps, was that the Communities included persons of all ages, sexes, classes and professions who were thus able to form and develop their own-cultural, religious and political life. Religion helped the Poles to transcend their painful history and see clearly the meaning of human existence and their place in the universe and on earth.
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Fenwick, Luke Peter. "Catholic and Protestant faith communities in Thuringia after the Second World War, 1945-1948." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2784.
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In 1945, many parts of Germany lay in rubble and there was a Zeitgeist of exhaustion, apathy, frustration and, in places, shame. German society was disorientated and the Catholic and Protestant churches were the only surviving mass institutions that remained relatively independent from the former Nazi State. Allowed a general religious freedom by the occupying forces, the churches provided the German population with important spiritual and material support that established their vital post-war role in society. The churches enjoyed widespread popular support and, in October 1946, over 90 percent of the population in the Soviet zone (SBZ) claimed membership in either confession. This thesis is a social history that examines the position of the churches in Thuringia, as a case study, between 1945 and 1948 and aims to evaluate their social and moral influence on the population. It seeks to readdress the considerable dearth of historiographical attention given to the role of the churches in people's everyday lives. In summary, despite a general religious revival in 1945, the popularity of the churches was both short-lived and superficial. Although the churches were industrious in attempting to provide for everybody, the acute destitution encountered by the Thuringian population in 1945 was a chronic problem that undermined the authority of the churches. This was revealed in the inability of the churches to influence faith communities to regularly attend church, to welcome refugees and to feel some responsibility for the Nazi past. Meanwhile, by 1948, the dominant political party, the Socialist Unity Party (SED), had tightened its control over social life in the SBZ. Instead of heeding the voice and dictates of the churches, the population fell into an ideological apathy that favoured the SED, despite the party's own widespread unpopularity. The result was the almost unchallenged, increasing power of socialism in the SBZ that ultimately led to the establishment of the German Democratic Republic under the aegis of the SED with the churches' acquiescence.
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Schechtman-Marko, John. "Harrowing the Church: Gregory VII, Manasses of Reims, and the Eleventh-Century Ecclesiastical Revolution in France." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1557593663210487.
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Lees, James Christopher. "Clemens Wenzeslaus, German Catholicism, and the French Revolution, 1768-1792." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608113.
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