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Journal articles on the topic 'Cationic starch'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Liu, Quan Xiao, Wen Cai Xu, and Jin Li Li. "Application of Cationic Starch Graft Copolymer in Flocculating of Wastewater from Bleaching." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1985.

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Corn starch, acrylamide and diallyl dimethyl ammonium were used as the raw materials and ammonium persulfate as initiator, cationic starch graft copolymer was prepared, and then the prepared cationic starch graft copolymer is applied to flocculate wastewater from bleaching. The results show that The flocculation of cationic starch graft copolymer to wastewater from increases first and then decreases after the reach of the peak with the increase of the cationic degree of the cationic starch graft copolymer, addition amount, flocculating temperature and flocculating time. When the cationic degre

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2

Bendoraitiene, Joana, Antanas Sarkinas, Paulius Pavelas Danilovas, Ramune Rutkaite, Rima Klimaviciute, and Algirdas Zemaitaitis. "Cationic starch iodophores." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 128, no. 6 (2012): 4346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38657.

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3

Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim, Alif Fikri Nur Hidayat, Arfika Julya Saffanah, et al. "Potency of Biocoagulant from Cationic Modified Starch of Balbis Banana Blossom Waste for Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment: Literature Study." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12, no. 2 (2024): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.645-649.

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Lampung is one of the provinces producing Indonesia's second-largest banana crop. Operational activities at the Palm Oil Mill produce a by-product of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), which can potentially be the most enormous environmental pollution. Communities often use chemicals to treat liquid waste, which causes health problems, cannot be decomposed, and can damage the environment. Therefore, treating liquid waste using organic materials that are more environmentally friendly, safe for health and easily degraded is necessary. By modifying cationic starch, natural polymers found in banana bl

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4

Guo, Jing, Jiankun Wang, Guo Zheng, and Xiaodong Jiang. "Optimization of the removal of reactive golden yellow SNE dye by cross-linked cationic starch and its adsorption properties." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501986526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019865260.

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In this study, cross-linked cationic starch was synthesized with corn starch as a raw material, epichlorohydrin as a cross-linked agent, and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride as a cationic etherification agent, respectively, and it was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that cationic N appeared on the surface of cross-linked cationic starch; that is, a quaternary ammonium group was introduced. The X-ray powder diffraction results in

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5

Litvyak, V. V. "Scientific basis of technology for production of cationic starch." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 57, no. 1 (2019): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-1-110-121.

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Starch derivatives containing ether cationic groups (amino-, ammonium, sulfonium, phosphonium, etc.) are vital commercial product. Cationic starches with tertiary amino- and quaternary ammonium ether groups have found the greatest use. The paper is devoted to sore problem - deep processing of vegetable starch-containing raw materials and in particular production of domestic chemically modified (substituted) cationic starch. Comparative studies of the kinetics of the reaction of obtaining cationic ethers of potato and corn starch using N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium © Лит

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6

Liu, Quan Xiao, Jin Li Li, and Wen Cai Xu. "Preparation and Properties of Cationic Starch with High Degree of Substitution." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1264.

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Using sodium hydroxide as its alkali catalyzer, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as its quaternary agents, cationic starch with high degree of substitution was made by semi-dry process. The prepared cationic starch contains quaternary ammonium groups by the infrared spectrum analysis. From the scan electron microscope pictures of starch and cationic starch, cationic starch can be clearly seen to have substituted the quaternary ammonium salt groups and the structure of mutual penetration of flexible quaternary ammonium salt groups and rigid starch has formed. The tensile str

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7

Liu, Zhong, Sheng Guo, Chuan Ling Si, and Peng Tao Liu. "Synthesis of Cationic Starch of High DS Using Metal Sodium in Place of Sodium Hydroxide." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1271.

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Cationic starch was prepared from maize starch, with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride used as cationic reagent, by our specific solvent process, which was different from dry procedure. In conventional solvent process, the solvents were hydrophilic and sodium hydroxide was employed as catalyst. Metal sodium as a substitute for sodium hydroxide in the synthesis of high DS (degree of substitution) cationic starch could be obtained using dioxane as solvent. A L9(34) orthogonal analysis was used in this work and results suggested the best combination of the reaction condition was

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8

Liu, Quan Xiao, and Wen Cai Xu. "Study on Cationic Starch Graft Copolymer in Papermaking Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1990.

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Paper industry is one of the major environmental pollution industries in china, pulp and paper industry wastewater discharge amount is from 10% to 12% of the national total wastewater discharge amount. Cationic starch graft copolymer was prepared in laboratory and used to treat papermaking wastewater. The effects of its cationic degree, dosage, flocculation temperature, flocculation time and the combination with alum on papermaking wastewater treatment were investigated. It was found that the best flocculation in the treatment of papermaking wastewater is achieved when cationic degree of catio

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9

Ma, Ya Feng, Yu Qi Wang, Lan Zheng, Tie Gao, and Jia Jing Jiang. "Synthesis of Cationic Starch Flocculant and Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.890.

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Based on the high turbidity feature of mine water, Glutinous Rice Starch(St)- Acrylamide(AM) graft polymer cationic flocculant was synthesised by copolymerization with St and AM as materials, ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfite as the initiator, 2.3-glycigyl trimethyl ammonium chloride were used as cationic agent. The optimum condition of cation was established through orthogonal experiments: reaction time is 4 hrs, St dosage is 5g, mass ratio of AM and St is 4:1, dosage of initiator is 1.4g, GTA dosage is 2.6g, NaOH dosage is 0.24g, etherification reaction time is 2.5 hrs, reactio

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10

Zhang, Hao, Jian Kun Wang, Rui Wang, and Xiao Ping Fan. "Preparation and Properties of Cationic Graft Starch Sizing Agent." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.144.

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In this article, a new kind of starch sizing agent, cationic graft starch [CS-g-P(AM-co-HEMA-co-BA)] was synthesized. Its structure was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of sizing experiment show that polyester/cotton blended yarn (T/C 55/45) sized with cationic graft starch exhibits better tensile strength, abrasion resistance and lower hairiness counts than cationic starch and PVA. This new starch sizing agent can be an ideal substitute for PVA.

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11

Zhang, Hong Wei, and Guo Ping Zheng. "Study on Structure of Amphoteric Starch and Its Reinforcing Effect on Secondary Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1112.

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In the presented work, a series of the phosphate amphoteric cassava starch were synthesized by a two-step semi-dry process with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTA) as the cationic reagent and phosphate mixture as the anionic reagent. The structure of the amphoteric starch was characterized by FTIR and XRD. The reinforcing effects of the amphoteric starch on the secondary fiber were also studied. The results indicated that the reaction occurred not only in the amorphous region, but also in its crystalline region. When the cationic starch reacted with different amount of ph

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12

Zhang, Hao, Rui Wang, and Jian Kun Wang. "Study on Acid Hydrolysis of Cationic Starch." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2565.

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Cationic starch is a kind of sizing agent which have good prospect of application, but its high viscosity limits its use. In this work low substitution degree cationic starch (DS=0.03) was hydrolyzed with HCL to reduce the viscosity. The acidolysis factors on cationic starch viscosity such as reaction time, reaction temperature and concentration of HCL has been studied. The results revealed that the optimum reaction condition was 1.83% HCL for dry cationic starch, under 55°C for 5 hours, the product viscosity was 11.5mpa.s. By choosing different process parameters can get products of series vi

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13

Kasmani, Jafar Ebrahimpour, Hassan Mohammadpour, and Ahmad Samariha. "Replacement of imported long fiber kraft pulp with lignocellulosic nanofibers and cationic materials in the production of durable paper." BioResources 16, no. 2 (2021): 3662–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3662-3677.

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Usage of cellulosic nanofibers, starch-nanocellulose, and polyacrylamide-nanocellulose hybrid systems were investigated for the replacement of imported long bleached kraft fibers in the production of durable papers. In this study, imported softwood kraft pulp was added to cotton pulp at four levels. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) prepared from chemimechanical pulp was added to cotton pulp at a 5% level with optional 1% cationic starch or 0.1% cationic polyacrylamide. Comparative tests were done without NFC at three levels of either cationic starch or cationic polyacrylamide. For each conditio

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14

ATREE, VARUN S., KENSLEY V. HAMM, DANIEL J. KOZEL, LUCY A. JONES, JENNY CHEN, and MARTIN A. HUBBE. "Colloidal silica and its effects during formation of paper sheets in the presence of nanofibrillated cellulose, cationic starch, and cationic acrylamide copolymer." TAPPI Journal 24, no. 5 (2025): 241–51. https://doi.org/10.32964/tj24.5.241.

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This work considered effects of colloidal silica addition during laboratory preparation of paper sheets containing nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) that had been pretreated with cationic starch. The emphasis was on process performance issues, including dewatering rates, fine particle retention, and the extent of fiber flocculation. In addition, micrographs were obtained to show what was happening to the NFC upon treatments with cationic starch and subsequent application of hydrodynamic shear. Contrasting results were obtained, depending on the charge density of the cationic starch. Pretreatment

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15

ZAKRAJŠEK, NEJC. "Influence of Pulp Properties on the Adsorption of Cationic Starch." November 2008 7, no. 11 (2008): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj7.11.23.

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In most cases, the molecules of a polyelectrolyte such as cationic starch cannot penetrate fiber pores. Therefore, their adsorption depends on the surface properties of fibers and fines. Research has shown that more cationic starch is adsorbed to hardwood than to softwood fibers. A comparison of the properties of both pulp types has determined that the charge on the fiber surface is the key property for the adsorption of cationic starch.

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16

Jirarotepinyo, Natthawat, and Richard A. Venditti. "A statistically designed evaluation of nanocellulose, refining and cationic starch on the properties of linerboard from recycled old corrugated containers (OCC)." BioResources 17, no. 4 (2022): 6875–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6875-6899.

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Methods to improve the physical properties of recycled paper can greatly enhance its potential applications, especially for packaging. This study aimed to understand the effect of refining, cationic starch addition, and cellulosic nanofibers (CNF) generated from old corrugated containers (OCC) addition with recycled OCC on tensile index (TI) and ring crush index (RCI). Linerboard from OCC made on an industrial paper machine was compared with the lab prepared handsheets, and the results indicated that the lab procedure including the refining step produced board reflective of the industrially ma

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17

Zhang, Xiao Wei, Shu Peng Liu, Yu Peng Qian, and Ying Bo Zhu. "Enhancement of Mica Paper Insulation Strength with Surface Modification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 187 (June 2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.187.215.

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Mica paper is made as one kind of insulation material, but low strength limits its applications. Surface modification is proved to be an effective way to enhance its strength. In this paper modifier like ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, cationic polyacrylamide, cationic starch, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid plus cationic polyacrylamide and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid plus cationic starch are introduced to improve strengths of mica paper. Finally ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid plus cationic starch is chosen as modifier of mica flakes. After modification mica paper can reach high

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18

Sang, Yizhou, Michael McQuaid, and Peter Englezos. "Optimization of chemical use for highly filled mechanical grade papers with precipitated calcium carbonate." BioResources 6, no. 1 (2011): 656–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.656-671.

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Response surface methodology was used with four factors to screen for the best starch and optimize the use of chemicals in order to maximize precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler retention in a peroxide-bleached TMP suspension. Three commercial starches were used in conjunction with colloidal silica and flocculant. The PCC loading level and the interactions between PCC level, starch, flocculant, and silica were investigated, and empirical models were constructed. The empirical process models were then employed to predict the retention and drainage. It was found that medium-charged cation

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19

Liu, Wen Jing, and Shu Bin Wu. "Application of Cationic Cassava Dregs as a Retention and Drainage Aid in Wet-End System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.626.

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Cassava dregs contain nearly 38.41% of starch, which has a similar structure to that of a starch. It was found that the cassava dregs would have the same function as the cationic starch if cationic groups were introduced. In this study, cationic cassava dregs were synthesized with the laboratory methods and characterized by FT-IR. The factors affect the retention and drainage was investigated. The result showed that, at a dosage of 1.0% of the cationic cassava dregs, the retention of fines was higher than 90%, best flocculation efficiency occurred at pH 8.5 when the dosage of cationic cassava

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20

Ardiana, Andra, Aswin Lim, and Henky Muljana. "Experimental Study of Cationic-Modified Biopolymer for Increasing the Shear Strength of Sand." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 26, no. 1 (2024): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v26i1.49722.

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The application of biopolymers as a more environmentally friendly alternative to cement has emerged as an interesting research subject.The purpose is to enhance the shear strength of sandy soils. In this article, the selected biopolymer is cationic-modified starch. It is expected that cationic starch will have less water absorption properties since modified starch has cationic groups in place of the OH- groups found in the normal starch. This cationic-modified starch namely Amylofax. Five types of samples are created for this testing, including Sample A is prepared with the composition of (sil

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21

Shah, Nimish, and Mamta Saiyad. "The extent of reaction traced by determination of N₂ content for synthesised cationic biodegradable polymer flocculant." Vietnam Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 4 (2023): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202200112.

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AbstractBiodegradable “green” and safe substitutes to minimize environmental and health risks are drawing extensive attention for research interest. This research aims to create a water‐soluble cationic starch‐grafted biodegradable polymer that can be used as a flocculant. As polymers are strong molecules that carry charges, they are effective flocculants. Saturated polymer chains do not change the pH value on adding to wastewater. The reactive groups of the starch, i.e., hydroxyls, form a complex with cations present in the reagent. According to the proposed strategy outlined in the research,

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22

GARLAND, LARDEN J., BRANDON D. LIEB, NELSON A. BARRIOS, and MARTIN A. HUBBE. "Nanocellulose–cationic starch– colloidal silica systems for papermaking: Effects on process and paper properties." October 2022 21, no. 10 (2022): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj21.10.563.

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Laboratory tests were conducted to better understand effects on the papermaking process and handsheets when recycled copy paper furnish was treated with combinations of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), cat-ionic starch, colloidal silica, and cationic retention aid (cPAM; cationic polyacrylamide). Dosage-response experiments helped to define conditions leading to favorable processing outcomes, including dewatering rates and the efficiency of fine-particle retention during papermaking. Effects were found to depend on the addition amounts of cationic starch and colloidal silica added to the syste

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23

Qian, Yu Peng, Xiao Wei Zhang, and Ying Bo Zhu. "The Preparation of Mica Composite Insulation Material with Starch Adhesive and its Modified Enhancement." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1259.

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Silicone resin is the mainly adhesive in mica insulation industry, and this sort of adhesive is easy to produce toxic and harmful volatile organic compounds and causing the environment pollution. Under the premise of no decrease in insulation performance of the mica composite insulation material, the environmental friendly modified starch adhesive is chosen. In order to obtain the high performance composite materials, the improvement of its flexural strength is necessary, and the method of modification is introduced. Four kinds of modified starch, such as: maize soluble starch, oxidized starch

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24

Wu, Xiu Li, Pi Xin Wang, and Ya Cui Guo. "Preparation and Characterization of Graft Copolymer of Acryloyloxyethyl-Trimethylammonium Chloride and Starch." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1977.

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Using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, a series of cationic starch— acyrloxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (DAC) graft copolymers containing quaternary ammonium groups were prepared in aqueous solution. The results showed that the cationic graft copolymer of high cationic degree (DC) could be obtained in this reaction system. The maximum DC of 53.68% was achieved with ASP/starch mass percentage 1.0%, m(DAC):m(starch) = 2.5,at 50°C and reaction time 8h. Structures of the graft copolymers were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric/different

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25

Butrim, Sergei M., Tatiana D. Bil´dyukevich, Nataliya S. Butrim, Tatiana L. Yurkshtovich, and Fedor N. Kaputskiy. "OBTAINING NEW FLOCCULANTS BASED ON HIGH-SUBSTITUTED CATIONIC STARCHES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 1 (2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186101.5538.

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In this work synthesis of the high-substituted cationic starches by reaction of starches of different botanical origin with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimetylammonium chloride in the presence of the alkaline catalyst was carried out by semi-dry way. The assessment of their flocculating properties on the model systems of kaolinic dispersions was carried out. It was established that the efficiency of a starch cationization substantially depends on its nature. This is due to various initial supermlecular structure and morphology of starch granules. The largest rate and degree of a cationization was

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26

Kasmani, Jafar Ebrahimpour, Ahmad Samariha, and Mohammadreza Amiri Margavi. "Evaluating paper’s optical properties after separate and combined use of nanofibrillated cellulose with cationic starch and cationic polyacrylamide." BioResources 19, no. 2 (2024): 3306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.2.3306-3318.

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Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and its combined usage with cationic starch and a cationic copolymer of acrylamide were studied in relation to the properties of paper. Independent pulp treatments using additives separately included 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% refined long fiber pulp, 3 and 6% NFC, 0.75 and 1.5% cationic starch and 0.07% and 0.15% cationic polyacrylamide and combined treatments. Handsheets were made of the above treatments, and finally their optical and microscopic properties were evaluated. Increasing the NFC content to 6% increased the brightness and yellowness of the white liner by

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27

Rice, Matthew, Lokendra Pal, Ronalds Gonzalez, and Martin Hubbe. "Wet-end addition of nanofibrillated cellulose pretreated with cationic starch to achieve paper strength with less refining and higher bulk." July 2018 17, no. 07 (2018): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj17.07.395.

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Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) treated with cationic starch was evaluated as a bonding system to permit lower degrees of refining and lower apparent density of high-mass handsheets made from bleached kraft pulp. Mixed pulp (70% hardwood, 30% softwood) was formed into sheets with the optional addition of 5% by dry mass of NFC. The default addition of NFC was compared with a system in which the NFC had been pretreated either with cationic starch (at various levels) or optionally followed by colloidal silica. Comparative tests also were carried out with separate addition of cationic starch to th

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28

Tang, Hong, Pu Yu Zhang, Ting Xi Li, and Yong Ma. "Synthesis of Grafted Cationic Starch with DMDAAC Using Ammonium Persulfate/Carbamide Initiation System." Materials Science Forum 991 (May 2020): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.991.135.

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Using ammonium persulfate (APS)/carbamide initiation system, cationic grafted starch was prepared by the graft copolymerization of starch with diallydimethylammonium chloride (DMDAAC). The synthesized polymer was confirmed by FTIR, NMR, and XRD. And the morphology was characterized by SEM. The optimum conditions of graft copolymerization were determined and the flocculation properties of the cationic grafted starch were investigated using diatomite suspension. The obtained results showed that grafting ratio (G) and grafting efficiency (GE) have an increased trend along with the increase of mas

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29

Seo, Man Seok, Hye Jung Youn, and Hak Lae Lee. "Penetration control of surface sizing starch using cationic PAM and its effect on the bending stiffness of paper." BioResources 15, no. 3 (2020): 5489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5489-5502.

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Surface sizing is employed to increase the wetting resistance against liquids and to improve strength and surface properties of paper. Starch solution is the most widely used for surface sizing, and its effect is highly dependent upon how deep the starch solution penetrates into the paper structure. Better tensile strength can be obtained when starch penetrates deep into the thickness direction of paper. However, holdout of starch solution is beneficial for improving the stiffness and air or liquid resistance. This study was focused on the use of cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a surface sizi

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30

Seo, Man Seok, Hye Jung Youn, and Hak Lae Lee. "Penetration control of surface sizing starch using cationic PAM and its effect on the bending stiffness of paper." BioResources 15, no. 3 (2020): 5489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3-.5489-5502.

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Surface sizing is employed to increase the wetting resistance against liquids and to improve strength and surface properties of paper. Starch solution is the most widely used for surface sizing, and its effect is highly dependent upon how deep the starch solution penetrates into the paper structure. Better tensile strength can be obtained when starch penetrates deep into the thickness direction of paper. However, holdout of starch solution is beneficial for improving the stiffness and air or liquid resistance. This study was focused on the use of cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a surface sizi

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31

Granö, H., J. Yli-Kauhaluoma, T. Suortti, J. Käki, and K. Nurmi. "Preparation of starch betainate: a novel cationic starch derivative." Carbohydrate Polymers 41, no. 3 (2000): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(99)00146-0.

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32

Zhang, Min, Xue Zhang, Ben Zhi Ju, and Shu Fen Zhang. "Adsorption Behavior of Acid Orange 7 by Crosslinked Cationic Starch." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1724.

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A series of crosslinked cationic starches with different degree of substitution(DS) are used to adsorb Acid Orange 7. Some factors, such as pH, adsorption time, adsorption temperature, initial concentration of dye, dose of cationic starch and DS of cationic group are investigated. The results show that the adsorption quickly establish equilibrium within 15 min. The adsorption capacity of the dye increases with the increasing of DS of the crosslinked cationic starches.The initial pH of 2-10 is reasonable. The adsorption of the dye on the crosslinked cationic starch is well described with the ps

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33

Witayakran, Suteera, Phichit Somboon, Jatuporn Kongcrup, Chaiyaporn Sampoompuang, and Keowpetch Lobyam. "Activated Carbon Loaded Lignocellulosic Fibers by Pulp Refining Process for Dye and Metal Ion Absorbing Paper." Key Engineering Materials 798 (April 2019): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.798.379.

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This work developed activated carbon loaded lignocellulosic fibers (kraft pulp) by pulp refining process and used them to form activated carbon paper (AC-paper). AC-paper was used for the removal of dye and heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. In pulp refining process, kraft pulp was mixed with activated carbon using high consistency refiner with the addition of cationic starch as a binder. The effects of cationic starch and activated carbon concentration on AC-paper properties were investigated. Activated carbon amount of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, and cationic starch amount of 0, 0.25 an

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34

Md Nasir, Nur’Izzah, Emilia Abdulmalek, and Norhazlin Zainuddin. "Preparation and Optimization of Water-Soluble Cationic Sago Starch with a High Degree of Substitution Using Response Surface Methodology." Polymers 12, no. 11 (2020): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112614.

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Modification and characterizations of cationic sago starch with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) prepared via etherification reaction was reported in this study. The optimization of cationic sago starch modification was performed by utilizing the combination of response surface methodology and central composite design (RSM/CCD). The effect of each variable and the interaction between the three variables, the concentration of CHPTAC, concentration of the catalyst NaOH, and the reaction times on the degree of substitution (DS) of the product were investigated and mode

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35

EL-GENDY, AHMED, MOHAMED EL-SAKHAWY, ABEER M. ADEL, and MONA T. AL-SHEMY. "EFFECT OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE AS A FILLER AND/OR FILLER RETENTION AID ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAGASSE PAPER SHEETS." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 54, no. 9-10 (2020): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2020.54.96.

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Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), as a green material derived from bagasse, was investigated as an additive (0-3 wt%) in the preparation of bagasse paper sheets, in comparison with cationic starch. The effect of MCC addition, in the presence of 15% kaolin or 15% calcium carbonate as paper filler, was also studied. The properties of bagasse paper sheets loaded with MCC or cationic starch, in the presence or absence of 15% kaolin or 15% calcium carbonate as paper filler, were evaluated in terms of breaking length, burst, tear, opacity and filler retention values. Also, SEM and thermal analyses o

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BARRIOS, NELSON, LARDEN GARLAND, BRANDON LEIB, and MARTIN HUBBE. "Mechanistic aspects of nanocellulose–cationic starch–colloidal silica systems for papermaking." February 2023 22, no. 2 (2023): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj22.2.107.

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Optimization of a chemical additive program for a paper machine can require attention to both colloidal charges and kinetic effects. This work considered an additive program with two negatively charged substances (nanofibrillated cellulose [NFC] and colloidal silica) and two positively charged items (cationic starch and cationic acrylamide copolymer retention aid). Results were shown to depend on charge interactions; however, that clearly was not the whole story. Some findings related to cationic demand, dewatering, fine-particle retention, and flocculation among fibers were best explained in

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Pinto, Patrícia I. F., Paula C. R. Pinto, Dmitry V. Evtuguin, and Falk Liebner. "Partial Replacement of Cationic Starch by Cationic Hardwood Kraft Lignin Does Not Compromise Key Paper Properties." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (2023): 5493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065493.

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Competition issues with food industry have recently boosted the exploration of alternative solutions capable of replacing starch in papermaking to a certain extent. Covalent grafting of quaternary ammonium groups onto LignoBoost® Eucalyptus kraft lignin has recently shown promise in this regard as the cationic products feature excellent water solubility across the entire pH scale. Considering these suitable properties, cationic kraft lignin was applied and evaluated, for the first time, in the perspective of partial substitution of cationic starch in papermaking, using bleached Eucalyptus kraf

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Chen, Yuan, Xiguang Liu, Xueqi Sun, et al. "Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Cationic 1,2,3-Triazole Functionalized Starch Derivatives." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010112.

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In this study, starch was chemically modified to improve its antioxidant activity. Five novel cationic 1,2,3-triazole functionalized starch derivatives were synthesized by using “click” reaction and N-alkylation. A convenient method for pre-azidation of starch was developed. The structures of the derivatives were analyzed using FTIR and 1H NMR. The radicals scavenging abilities of the derivatives against hydroxyl radicals, DPPH radicals, and superoxide radicals were tested in vitro in order to evaluate their antioxidant activity. Results revealed that all the cationic starch derivatives (2a–2e

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KOZEL, DANIEL J., LUCY A. JONES, VARUN S. ATREE, KENSLEY V. HAMM, and MARTIN A. HUBBE. "Paper strength factors in systems with nanofibrillated cellulose, cationic starch, colloidal silica, cationic acrylamide copolymer, and hydrodynamic shear." TAPPI Journal 24, no. 5 (2025): 252–65. https://doi.org/10.32964/tj24.5.252.

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Laboratory paper sheets were formed by first pretreating nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with cation-ic starch at the 5% level by mass. The treated NFC was then added to stock prepared from 100% recycled copy paper. The combined furnish was next optionally treated with a cationic retention aid (cPAM, 0.1%) and then colloidal silica (0.1% or 0.2%). Vacuum dewatering, fine-particle retention, and several paper properties were studied as a function of the colloidal silica level (zero, 1%, and 2%) and at different levels of shear stress applied just before forming the sheets. Dewatering and streng

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Song, Weiqiang, Zhiwei Zhao, Hongjuan Zheng, and Gaimin Wang. "Gamma-irradiation synthesis of quaternary phosphonium cationic starch flocculants." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 8 (2013): 1778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.351.

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Quaternary phosphonium cationic starch (St-g-AM/ATPPB) flocculant was synthesized by using corn starch and acrylamide (AM), allyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide binary (ATPPB) through simultaneous gamma-irradiation. The chemical structure of the copolymer was characterized by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) technologies. The effects of the absorbed dose in the range of 1 to 6 kGy, AM/ATPPB ratio and starch/(AM + ATPPB) ratio on grafting and flocculation were investigated. At a starch:AM:ATPPB wt ratio of 1:1.4:0.93, the graft ratio of AM/AT

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Ferstl, Esther, Martin Gabriel, Florian Gomernik, et al. "Investigation of the Adsorption Behavior of Jet-Cooked Cationic Starches on Pulp Fibers." Polymers 12, no. 10 (2020): 2249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102249.

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The optimization of the thermal treatment of cationic starch in the paper industry offers the opportunity to reduce the energy consumption of this process. Four different industrially relevant cationic starches, varying in source, cationization method and degree of substitution were treated by a steam-jet cooking procedure, comparable to industrially employed starch cooking processes. The influence of the starch properties and cooking parameters on the adsorption behavior of the starches on cellulosic pulp was investigated. The adsorbed amount was affected by the cooking temperature and the ty

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HAMM, KENSLEY V., DANIEL J. KOZEL, LUCY A. JONES, VARUN S. ATREE, JEONG-YONG RYU, and MARTIN A. HUBBE. "Effects of hydrodynamic shear during formation of paper sheets with the addition of nanofibrillated cellulose, cationic starch, and cationic retention aid." TAPPI Journal 23, no. 9 (2024): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj23.9.477.

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Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate effects of hydrodynamic shear levels on papermaking process variables and paper handsheet properties. The furnish was from 100% recycled copy paper, to which was added nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) at the 5% level following its optional pretreatment with cationic starch. A cationic copolymer of acrylamide (cPAM) was used as the retention aid. Different levels of hydrodynamic shear were applied both after mixing the NFC with the cationic starch (pre-shearing) or after all the furnish components had been combined (final shearing). The presence or abs

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Lekniute-Kyzike, Edita, Joana Bendoraitiene, Vesta Navikaite-Snipaitiene, Laura Peciulyte, and Ramune Rutkaite. "Production of Cationic Starch-Based Flocculants and Their Application in Thickening and Dewatering of the Municipal Sewage Sludge." Materials 16, no. 7 (2023): 2621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072621.

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Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid–liquid separation processes in wastewater treatment technologies, and bio-based flocculants possess many advantages over conventional synthetic polymers. Potato starch microgranules were chemically modified and mechanically sheared to produce modified starch flocculants. The effectiveness of produced cationic starch (CS) and cross-linked cationic starch (CCS) flocculants in the thickening and dewatering of surplus activated sewage sludge was evaluated and compared with that of synthetic cationic flocculants (SCFs) The flocculation efficiency of SCF

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Kasmani, Jafar Ebrahimpour, and Ahmad Samariha. "Effects of nanocellulose, cationic starch, cationic polyacrylamide, and unbleached softwood kraft fibers on the properties of recycled cardboard." BioResources 20, no. 3 (2025): 6599–614. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.3.6599-6614.

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Separate and combined effects of nanocellulose, cationic polyacrylamide, cationic starch, and bleached softwood kraft fibers were evaluated when producing recycled packaging fluting paper. The focus was on enhancing the structural integrity and performance of this paper product, which is essential for packaging applications. Treatments included 10% refined bleached softwood kraft pulp, 5% cellulose nanofibers, 2% cationic starch, and 0.2% cationic polyacrylamide. Combined treatments involved 5% cellulose nanofibers with 2% starch and 5% cellulose nanofibers with 0.2% cationic polyacrylamide. H

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Duggan, Katie L., Martina Morris, Shobha K. Bhatia, Mahmoud M. Khachan, and Katharine E. Lewis. "Effects of Cationic Polyacrylamide and Cationic Starch on Aquatic Life." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 23, no. 4 (2019): 04019022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000467.

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Kasmani, Jafar Ebrahimpour, and Ahmad Samariha. "Impact of nano-silica, cationic polyacrylamide, and cationic starch on long fiber utilization in recycled paper production." BioResources 20, no. 3 (2025): 5561–74. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.3.5561-5574.

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This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of four additives—nano-silica, cationic polyacrylamide, cationic starch, and long fibers—on paper production from recycled white pulp. Various combinations were tested with long fiber pulp (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and different percentages of additives (nano-silica at 3% and 6%; cationic starch at 0.75% and 1.5%; cationic polyacrylamide at 0.07% and 0.15%). Fourteen different groups with a basis weight of 127 gsm were prepared and analyzed for their physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties. Results showed that the additives sig

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Pal, S., D. Mal, and R. P. Singh. "Cationic starch: an effective flocculating agent." Carbohydrate Polymers 59, no. 4 (2005): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.06.047.

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Vandamme, Dries, Imogen Foubert, Boudewijn Meesschaert, and Koenraad Muylaert. "Flocculation of microalgae using cationic starch." Journal of Applied Phycology 22, no. 4 (2009): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-009-9488-8.

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Saiyad, Mamta Mainak. "Synthesis and validation of water-soluble cationic biodegradable starch as a flocculant." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 1 (2022): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2701rjce94096.

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All efforts must be made to preserve water's purity for the present and the future because it is necessary for environment's sustenance and for all living things including humans, vegetation and animals. This project is an experiment to synthesize a flocculant for industrial effluent and as a result grafted starch-based biodegradable polymer is created to benefit both natural and synthetic polymers. This research focused on creating water-soluble, cationic, biodegradable starch to use as a flocculant. The reactive groups of the starch, or hydroxyls, combine with the cations in the reagent to p

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Li, Haihua, Yuhua Gao, Yaze Zhang, and Na Li. "Synthesis and Properties of Amphoteric Etherified Starch Flocculant CMSG." E3S Web of Conferences 598 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459801009.

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Etherified starch has the advantages of cheap raw materials and simple preparation process. In the field of wastewater treatment, it can be used as a flocculant and adsorbent. Amphoteric etherified starch CMGS was synthesized in a one-step method using cornstarch (St) as raw material, 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) and chloroacetic acid (CAA) as cationic and anionic etherification agents, respectively, and the flocculation performance on kaolin suspension was studied. The results showed that compared with cationic etherified starch, the optimal dose of the amphoteric etherif

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