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Journal articles on the topic 'Caton–Deschamps'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Otsuki, Shuhei, Tomohiko Murakami, Yoshinori Okamoto, et al. "Risk of patella baja after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 26, no. 3 (2018): 230949901880248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499018802484.

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Purpose: Medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) induces a lower patellar position, and the subsequent degree of patellar movement may not be predicted preoperatively. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between preoperative and postoperative patellar height based on the correction angle of OWHTO and to create a formula to predict the appearance of patella baja following OWHTO. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five knees with varus knee osteoarthritis treated with OWHTO were included in this study. The Caton–Deschamps index was used to evaluate patellar height pr

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Konrads, Christian, Lucia C. Grosse, Sufian S. Ahmad, et al. "Reliability of a Caton-Deschamps-derived patella height index for knee arthroplasty." International Orthopaedics 45, no. 8 (2021): 2001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-020-04931-0.

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Abstract Purpose The original Caton-Deschamps index (oCDI) detects functional patella height. It cannot be used in knees with an implanted endoprosthesis. The “modified Caton-Deschamps index” (mCDI) for knee arthroplasty can miss pseudo-patella-infera (PPI), which is common after TKA. A derivate of the oCDI could be a simple analogue to the index published in 1982 using a modified tibial reference point at the anterior proximal point of the inlay, which can indirectly be located on the lateral knee radiograph. It was the aim of this study to determine the intra- and inter-rater agreement of a

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Woodmass, Jarret M., Nick R. Johnson, Robert A. Cates, Aaron J. Krych, Michael J. Stuart, and Diane L. Dahm. "Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Reduces Radiographic Measures of Patella Alta in Adults." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 1 (2018): 232596711775165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117751659.

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Background: Patellar height has long been considered a risk factor for patellofemoral instability. However, recent pediatric literature demonstrated a reduction in patellar height measurements following medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. Purpose: To assess the mean change in patellar height and the percentage of skeletally mature patients with patellar height ratios reduced to within-normal limits following MPFL reconstruction. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Adult patients undergoing primary MPFL reconstruction for recurrent lateral patellar instab

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Garnoeva, Radka. "Evaluation of proximodistal patellar alignment in small breed dogs with or without patellar luxation using the Insall-Salvati, Caton-Deschamps and Blackburne-Peel indices." Open Veterinary Journal 13, no. 5 (2023): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i5.20.

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Background: Patellar luxation in dogs is thought to be related to proximally (patella alta) or distally (patella baja) positioned patella in the femoral trochlea. Aim: The aim of the present study was to calculate and compare the values of Insall-Salvati, Caton-Deschamps and Blackburne-Peel indices in orthopedically healthy dogs and dogs with various grade of medial patellar luxation from small breeds on mediolateral radiographs. Methods: The study included 87 dogs (138 stifles) from four breeds (Mini-Pinschers, Pomeranians, Chihuahuas and Yorkshire terriers). Seventy joints (53 dogs) were dia

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Bhingraj, Mahmoud, Subramanyam Maripuri, and Kyle James. "RECURRENT POST-TRAUMATIC PATELLAR INSTABILITY IN ADOLESCENTS: IS TIBIAL TUBERCLE OSTEOTOMY THE KEY TO ADDITIONAL STABILITY?" Orthopaedic Proceedings 107-B, SUPP_3 (2025): 19. https://doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2025.3.019.

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IntroductionPatellar dislocation is a common injury in adolescents with a reported recurrence rate of 15 to 44% following conservative management. Surgery is offered in cases with re-dislocations and recurrent patellar instability. Addition of tibial tubercle osteotomy may be required in cases with significant instability, patella alta and abnormal TT:TG distance.PurposeThe purpose of this study is analyse the outcome in patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction, with or without tibial tubercle osteotomy.MethodsData was collected retrospectively for all patients until 2014, for 31 patients wh

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Rhatomy, Sholahuddin, Kurniawan Silalahi, Anggaditya Putra, and Nolli Kresonni. "Characteristics of Patellofemoral Measurement in Indonesian Population Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, A (2021): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5602.

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BACKGROUND: The patellofemoral join is a unique complex joint formed by articulation of the patella and the femoral trochlea. Normal measures for patellofemoral parameters have been published. AIM: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patellofemoral measurements in Indonesian population using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: This descriptive total sampling study was conducted from May 2019 to August 2020. The parameters of the measurements in this study include Insall-Salvati ratio, Caton-Deschamps index, trochlear angle, lateral trochlear inclination, TT (

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Djuricic, Goran, Filip Milanovic, Sinisa Ducic, et al. "Morphometric Parameters and MRI Morphological Changes of the Knee and Patella in Physically Active Adolescents." Medicina 59, no. 2 (2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020213.

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Background and Objectives: The immature skeleton in a pediatric population exposed to frequent physical activity might be extremely prone to injuries, with possible consequences later in adulthood. The main aim of this study is to present specific morphometric parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphological changes of the knee and patella in a physically active pediatric population. Additionally, we wanted to investigate the morphological risk factors for patellar instability. Materials and Methods: The study included the MRI findings of 193 physically active pediatric patients w

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Arora, Ekjot S., B. P. Sharma, Narottam Das, Mukul Mohindra, and Sandeep Shaina. "Femoropatellar alterations in knees with chronic anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a radiographic analysis." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 10, no. 1 (2023): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20234050.

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Background: The objective of this study was to correlate the occurrence of patellofemoral malalignment in a chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee using common radiological parameters. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 35 adult patients with previously diagnosed unilateral chronic ACL injury. The injured knee was considered as the case, while the contralateral normal knee served as the control. Radiological parameters including the Caton-Deschamps patellar height index, Merchant patellar congruence angle, and Laurin lateral patellar tilt angle were measured on X-r

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Al-Musawi, H., E. Sammouelle, J. Manara, D. Clark, and J. Eldridge. "AN INVESTIGATION OF PATELLAR HEIGHT AND KNEE FLEXION ANGLE." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_9 (2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.9.051.

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The aim is to investigate if there is a relation between patellar height and knee flexion angle. For this purpose we retrospectively evaluated the radiographs of 500 knees presented for a variety of reasons.We measure knee flexion angle using a computer-generated goniometer. Patellar height was determined using computer generated measurement for the selected ratios, namely, the Insall–Salvati (I/S), Caton–Deschamps (C/D) and Blackburne–Peel (B/P) indices and Modified I/S Ratio.A search of an NHS hospital database was made to identify the knee x rays for patients who were below the age of forty

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White, Alex E., Peters T. Otlans, Dylan P. Horan, et al. "Radiologic Measurements in the Assessment of Patellar Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 5 (2021): 232596712199317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121993179.

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Background: Numerous diagnostic imaging measurements related to patellar instability have been evaluated in the literature; however, little has been done to compare these findings across multiple studies. Purpose: To review the different imaging measurements used to evaluate patellar instability and to assess the prevalence of each measure and its utility in predicting instability. We focused on reliability across imaging modalities and between patients with and without patellar instability. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the

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Allahabadi, Sachin, and Nirav K. Pandya. "CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER MEDIAL PATELLOFEMORAL LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION UTILIZING ALLOGRAFT TISSUE IN PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT PATIENTS: MINIMUM 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl3 (2021): 2325967121S0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00103.

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Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has gained popularity as a tool to manage recurrent patellar instability. The use of allograft for reconstruction includes benefits of quicker surgical time and obviating donor-site morbidity. In anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction hesitancy exists to use allograft in younger patients based on data demonstrating higher graft failure rates. However, a similar trend of allograft failure has not been demonstrated for reconstruction of the MPFL, which has a lower tensile strength than that of the ACL. Hypothesis/Purpose:

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Akgun, Erkan, Abdulsamet Emet, Emre Tepedelenlioglu, Kemal Sibar, Halil Gok, and Ahmet Firat. "Surgical treatment of patellar tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty with a double-row repair method using the hamstring tendons: A novel technique with functional results." Medicine 103, no. 17 (2024): e37875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037875.

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Background: Patellar tendon rupture (PTR) is extremely rare but serious complication after primary or revision total knee arthroplasty. Due to the serious failure rates of end-to-end repair techniques, various augmentation techniques have been described. In this study, the results of patients with PTR after reconstruction using our own technique with semitendinosus (ST) and gracilis tendons taken from the affected side were evaluated retrospectively. Methods: A total of 14 patients, whose diagnosis was made based on physical examination and clinical findings, and supported radiologically (ultr

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Martinez-Cano, Juan Pablo, Julián Chica, Juan José Martinez-Arboleda, et al. "Patellofemoral Dislocation Recurrence After a First Episode: A Case-Control Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 1 (2021): 232596712098163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120981636.

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Background: Lateral patellar dislocation can become a recurrent problem after the first episode. Identifying those patients who are at increased risk of redislocation is important for the treatment decision-making process. Purpose: To identify clinical and radiologic risk factors for recurrence of patellar dislocation after a first episode. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study included patients with lateral patellar dislocation and a 1-year minimum follow-up who were seen between 2011 and 2018. Patients aged 10 to 65 years were included. Patient characteri

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Liu, Joseph N., Jacqueline M. Brady, Irene L. Kalbian, et al. "Clinical Outcomes After Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Patellar Instability Among Patients With Trochlear Dysplasia." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 4 (2018): 883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517745625.

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Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has become one of the most common and widely used procedures to regain stability among patients with recurrent lateral patellar dislocation. While recent studies demonstrated low recurrence rates, improved patient-reported outcome measures, and a high rate of return to sports, limited literature explored its effectiveness as an isolated intervention in the context of trochlear dysplasia. Purpose: To determine the efficacy of isolated MPFL reconstruction in treating patellar instability in the setting of trochlear dysplasia. Study

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Brenneis, Marco, Marius Junker, Rebecca Sohn, et al. "Patellar malalignment correlates with increased pain and increased synovial stress hormone levels–A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0289298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289298.

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Purpose Risk factors for the development of pain in the context of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remain unclear. Radiological findings often do not correlate with clinical findings, so other pathomechanisms in the development and perception of pain must play a role. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity (measured by subjective and objective chronic stress parameters) with KOA severity, patellofemoral malalignment, and pain. Methods 47 patients with KOA were assessed. Radiological measurements of tibiofemoral and patellofe

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Thévenin-Lemoine, Camille, Mathieu Ferrand, Aurélien Courvoisier, Jean-Paul Damsin, Hubert Ducou le Pointe, and Raphaël Vialle. "Is the Caton-Deschamps Index a Valuable Ratio to Investigate Patellar Height in Children?" Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 93, no. 8 (2011): e35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.j.00759.

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Core, Maxime, Philippe Anract, Juliette Raffin, and David Jean Biau. "Traumatic Patellar Tendon Rupture Repair Using Synthetic Ligament Augmentation." Journal of Knee Surgery 33, no. 08 (2019): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688564.

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AbstractRupture of the patellar tendon is an infrequent pathology, and surgical repair with nonabsorbable sutures is the gold standard for management. Many surgeons augment the repair using one of many proposed methods: cerclage wires, Dall–Miles cables, autologous hamstring grafts, and tendon allografts. In this study, we propose the augmentation of patellar tendon repair using an artificial ligament. The questions to be assessed in this study are as follows: (1) measurement of functional results 1 year after surgery using the Lysholm score and (2) the incidence of both rerupture, and surgica

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Pandini, Elisa Giacomina, Pierluigi Pironti, Davide Maria Maggioni, et al. "Is Caton–Deschamps Index Reliable and Reproducible in Preoperative Assessment of Patellar Height for Patellar Instability Surgery?" Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 5251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105251.

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The patellar height measurement is fundamental for surgical planning in patellar instability. The Caton–Deschamps index (CDI) is a widely employed method, but a gold standard is still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the CDI in a patellar height assessment and to hypothesize its employment in the preoperative planning of patellar stabilization surgery. A total of 29 cases of recurrent patellar instability undergoing surgical treatment were analyzed. The preoperative and postoperative CDI were measured by six different raters (three seniors a

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Konrads, Christian. "Patella height assessment in total knee Arthroplasty: Simple adaptation of the Caton-Deschamps index might be sufficient." International Journal of Orthopaedics Sciences 6, no. 4 (2020): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/ortho.2020.v6.i4c.2337.

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Colatruglio, Matthew, David Flanigan, and Sarah Harangody Robert Magnussen. "The Presence of Patellar Apprehension in Higher Degrees of Flexion Identifies Patients with Patella Alta and or Severe Trochlear Dysplasia." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (2020): 2325967120S0034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00345.

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Objectives: Recurrent patellar instability is frequently treated surgically with reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Patients with significant patella alta, trochlear dysplasia, and/or an elevated tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance may benefit from a concurrent bony procedure such as a tibial tubercle osteotomy or trochleoplasty. The indications to include such procedures are traditionally based on imaging criteria, but remain controversial. Patellar apprehension is common in patients with patellar instability but typically resolves in higher degrees of

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Tan, Si Heng Sharon, Si Jian Hui, Chintan Doshi, Keng Lin Wong, Andrew Kean Seng Lim, and James Hoipo Hui. "The Outcomes of Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy in Patellofemoral Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Knee Surgery 33, no. 05 (2019): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681043.

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AbstractDistal femoral varus osteotomies have been novelly described in the recent years to be successful in the management of patellofemoral instability with genu valgum. However, these publications are limited to case reports and small case series and no published literature have attempted to analyze them in totality. The current review aims to pool together these small case series to evaluate the outcomes and complications of distal varus femoral osteotomies when performed for patellofemoral instability. The review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and

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Erickson, Brandon J., Joseph Nguyen, Katelyn Gasik, Simone Gruber, Jacqueline Brady, and Beth E. Shubin Stein. "Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Patellar Instability Regardless of Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance and Patellar Height: Outcomes at 1 and 2 Years." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 6 (2019): 1331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519835800.

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Background: It is unclear which patients with recurrent patellar instability require a bony procedure in addition to medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. Purpose: To report 1- and 2-year outcomes of patients after isolated MPFL reconstruction performed for patellar instability regardless of patellar height, tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, or trochlear dysplasia. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All patients with recurrent patellar instability and without significant unloadable chondral defects (Outerbridge grade IV), cartilage defect

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Alfano, Federico, and Walter Spreafico. "Treatment of the Objective Patellofemoral Instability." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 1_suppl (2017): 2325967117S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00011.

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to show the different surgical procedures for treating the objective patellar instability, including the different tibial tubercle osteotomies and the sulcus deepening trochleoplasty. Methods: This study analyzed the Caton-Deschamps index used for assessment of patellar height, the distance from the tibial tubercle to the troclear groove (TT-TG) on CT Scan in the axial view, and the different trochlear and patellar morphotypes. This study included 19 knees (19 patients) treated in an objective and documented patellofemoral instability. Results: We have had

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Gecheva, Niya Atanasova, Raycho Ivanov Kehayov, and Hristo Dimitrov Georgiev. "Modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure for habitual patellar dislocation in pediatric population." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 15, no. 1 (2024): em00832. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/jcei/13897.

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<b>Objectives:</b> Patellar instability is one of the most common pathologies in children and adolescents. The objective of this study is to present the functional and diagnostic results after performing modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure for habitual patellar dislocation in pediatric population.<br /> <b>Materials &amp; methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was performed on 17 patients, under the age of 18 years, from September 2007 to March 2023. For diagnostic results were evaluated congruence angle, sulcus angle and Caton-Deschamps index. Functional result

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Liu, Joseph N., Jacqueline Munch, Claire Berdelle Ryan, et al. "Clinical Outcomes after Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Patellar Instability." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 3_suppl3 (2017): 2325967117S0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00123.

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Objectives: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has become an increasingly popular means to regain stability in the setting of recurrent lateral patellar dislocation, with nearly twice the number of medical centers performing reconstruction of the MPFL and outcomes reported on nearly double the number of patients in recent years. While recent studies have demonstrated improved patient reported outcome measures and a high rate of return to sports, limited literature has explored its effectiveness as an isolated intervention in the context of trochlear dysplasia. The purpose of

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Park, Hoon, Hyun Woo Kim, Jin Hwa Kam, and Dong Hoon Lee. "Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with Distal Tubercle Osteotomy Lessens Change in Patellar Position." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4636809.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in patellar position after open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) with distal tubercle osteotomy (DTO), comparing outcomes of conventional OWHTO in young adults with proximal tibia varus deformity but no arthritic manifestations. Thirty-three patients (mean age, 31.8 years) subjected to OWHTO/DTO were matched with 30 patients (mean age, 33.5 years) undergoing conventional OWHTO. Patellar position, as measured in pre- and postoperative standing lateral radiographs, was compared. Patellar height was assessed via Insall-Salvati ratio, modi

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Loose, Kim, Sophie Pennekamp, Wolfgang Hitzl, et al. "MRI Characteristics and Alterations in Patellar Height in Patients with Patellar Tendinopathy—A Retrospective Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 4 (2023): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040698.

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(1) Background: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is an overuse condition of the knee extensor mechanism characterized by ventral knee pain at the lower pole of the patella and limited functionality. (2) Methods: In this retrospective study, a group of patients with PT (n = 41) was compared with a control group (n = 50) in terms of patient-related data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics. (3) Results: Patellar height was higher in the PT patient group and there was a significant difference in Caton–Deschamps index (CD) compared to the control group (p = 0.021). Patients with PT showe

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Erickson, Brandon J., Joseph Nguyen, Katelyn Gasik, Jacqueline Brady, and Beth E. Shubin Stein. "Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Patellar Instability Regardless of the Tibial Tubercle Trochlear Groove Distance: Outcomes at 1 and 2 Years." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 7_suppl4 (2018): 2325967118S0007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00078.

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Background: Several surgical options exist for treatment of recurrent patellar instability. The treatments can be divided into ligamentous and bony procedures. It is currently unclear which patients require a bony procedure in addition to a soft tissue reconstruction. Purpose: To report the one and two-year outcomes of patients following medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction performed in isolation regardless of the patellar height, tibial tubercle trochlear groove distance (TT-TG) or trochlear dysplasia. Hypothesis:: Patients will have <5% re-dislocation rate and significant

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Alfano, Federico. "Tratamiento de la Inestabilidad Patelofemoral Objetiva.[Treatment of Objective Patellofemoral Instability.]." Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología 81, no. 1 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15417/431.

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<p>El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos en el tratamiento de las inestabilidades femoropatelares objetivas, incluyendo la osteotomía de la tuberosidad tibial anterior y la trocleoplastía femoral. Este estudio analizó el Índice de Caton-Deschamps utilizado para la evaluación de la altura rotuliana, la distancia desde la tuberosidad tibial anterior hasta la tróclea femoral (TT-TG) en la tomografía computada en el plano axial, y los morfotipos troclear y rotuliano. Este estudio incluyó 11 rodillas (11 pacientes) tratados de inestabilidad femorop

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Kudo, Yuki, Akira Maeyama, Tetsuro Ishimatsu, et al. "Changes in patellar baja progress until 3 months after medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 30, no. 3 (2022): 102255362211286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10225536221128615.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate sequential patellar height changes as well as the factors leading to these changes after medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). Methods The study cohort constituted 37 knees from 36 patients who underwent MOWHTO for varus knee. The Caton–Deschamps index (CDI) for patellar height was measured preoperatively and at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The factors related to sequential changes in patellar height were evaluated. Results Significant differences were observed between preoperative CDI and postoperative CDI at al

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Jones, Ruth H., Emilie Lijesen, and Daniel W. Green. "What's up with patella alta?" Current Opinion in Pediatrics 37, no. 1 (2024): 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1097/mop.0000000000001428.

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Purpose of review Patella alta, which describes an abnormally proximally positioned patella, has become of particular interest as it has been identified as a potential factor in patellofemoral instability (PFI) and other common pediatric orthopedic conditions. The purpose of this review is to describe the condition, measuring techniques, and its association with pediatric orthopedic conditions, and to evaluate methods of correction of patella alta. Recent findings Recent literature has explored the etiology of patella alta by investigating patellar height as age increases, with inconclusive fi

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DOĞAN, Özgür, Batuhan GENCER, and İhsaniye SÜER DOĞAN. "The Effectiveness of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on the Patellofemoral Stability and Patellar Height." Archives of Current Medical Research 4, no. 2 (2023): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1261764.

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Background: Considering the critical role the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays in knee biomechanics, it is a logical hypothesis that ACL reconstruction (ACLR) will have positive effects on knee kinematics, and stability. Our objective was to investigate the effect of single-bundle ACLR on patellar height, and patellofemoral balance radiologically and clinically. Methods: In this prospective study, 87 patients operated with hamstring autograft-used single-bundle ACLR were analyzed. History of dislocation, stability-related physical examination findings, Tegner-Lysholm Knee Scoring S

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Batailler, Cécile, Pit Putzeys, Franck Lacaze, et al. "Patellofemoral Arthroplasty Is an Efficient Strategy for Isolated Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis with or without Robotic-Assisted System." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 4 (2023): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040625.

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There is relative paucity in the literature concerning outcomes after robotic-assisted Patellofemoral Arthroplasty (PFA). The aims were (1) to evaluate outcomes in patients undergoing PFA with inlay or onlay components, with or without robotic arm assistance and (2) to identify risk factors of poor outcomes after PFA. This retrospective study included 77 PFA for isolated patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis, assigned to three groups (18 conventional technique, 17 image-free robotic-assisted system and 42 image-based robotic-assisted system). The demographic data were comparable between the thre

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Firman, Eliseo. "Osteotomía de la TAT combinada con reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial en pacientes con luxación recidivante de rótula." RELART | Revista Latinoamericana de Artroscopia, Reconstrucción Articular y Trauma Deportivo 32, no. 1 (2025): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.63403/re.v32i1.380.

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Introducción: el objetivo del siguiente estudio fue describir los resultados de una serie consecutiva de pacientes con inestabilidad recurrente de rótula tratados mediante la reconstrucción de ligamento patelofemoral medial (LPFM) combinado con osteotomía del tubérculo anterior de la tibia (TAT). Materiales y métodos: estudiamos retrospectivamente doce rodillas en once pacientes desde enero de 2017 hasta enero de 2024, con luxación recidivante de rótula, TT-TG de 20 mm o mayor medido con TAC, sin alteraciones en la rotación tibial y/o femoral, y con un seguimiento mínimo de dos años. Evaluamos

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Floyd, Edward R., Nicholas I. Kennedy, Adam J. Tagliero, Gregory B. Carlson, and Robert F. LaPrade. "Complex Patellofemoral Reconstruction for Recurrent Instability." Video Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 1 (2022): 263502542110353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26350254211035396.

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Background: Patellofemoral instability is due to a combination of bony and soft tissue factors. While recurrent patellar dislocations are rare, evaluation and treatment of these conditions require addressing patellar height and lateralization of the tibial tubercle (TT), restraint to lateral patellar subluxation, and trochlear dysplasia. Other factors to consider are coronal limb-length alignment outside of the physiologic 5 to 8° of valgus, which may significantly alter the Q angle and contribute to lateral instability. Other ligaments around the patella contribute to soft-tissue restraint, i

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Sambri, Andrea, Chiara Paganelli, Stefania Claudia Parisi, et al. "Does Patellar Height Influence Range of Motion and Anterior Knee Pain after Distal Femur Endoprosthesis Reconstruction?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 14 (2024): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144194.

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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the patellar height changes after distal femur (DF) endoprosthetic replacement (EPR) and its impact on anterior knee pain (AKP) and range of motion (ROM). Methods: A retrospective review of three institutions’ databases was performed. The patellar height was determined using the modified Insall–Salvati ratio (MIS), the Blackburne–Peel (BP) and the Caton–Deschamps (CD) indexes. Data regarding AKP and ROM were collected. Results: A total of 199 patients were included. The mean age at presentation was 37.9 ± 23.1 years. The mean one-year follow-up MIS, BP a

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Özel, Deniz. "The relationship between early-onset chondromalacia and the position of the patella." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 3 (2019): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119861901.

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Background There are many underlying accelerator factors for chondromalacia and one of the well-known factors is patellar malalignment. Purpose To evaluate the relationship between early-onset chondromalacia and patellar position; and, second, to evaluate the value of patellar malalignment criteria. Material and Methods Patients aged 18–40 years with advanced chondromalacia were included. For comparison, a control group was defined with the same number of individuals of the same mean age. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sagittal view with the greatest patellar length was used to obtain th

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Onishi, Shintaro, Youngji Kim, Hiroshi Nakayama, Alfred A. Mansour, Walter R. Lowe, and Matthieu Ollivier. "Infratubercle Anterior Closing Wedge Osteotomy Corrects Sagittal Alignment without Affecting Coronal Alignment or Patellar Height." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16 (2024): 4715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164715.

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Background: Excessive posterior tibial slope (PTS) has been associated with a higher risk of graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although anterior closing wedge osteotomy (ACWO) can reduce the PTS, it may also change the coronal alignment and patellar height. Purpose: To elucidate the radiological outcomes after infratubercle ACWO, specifically to evaluate its influence on perioperative changes in patellar height. Methods: Patients who underwent infratubercle ACWO with combined ACLR with a minimum follow-up of 3 months were included. Surgery was indicated when

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Mestriner, Alexandre Barbieri, Jakob Ackermann, Gergo Merkely, Takahiro Ogura, Juan Pablo Zicaro, and Andreas H. Gomoll. "Biplanar ascending opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy increases tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance and decreases patellar height." Journal of ISAKOS: Joint Disorders & Orthopaedic Sports Medicine 5, no. 1 (2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jisakos-2019-000389.

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ObjectivesTo assess the impact of a biplanar ascending opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) on the alignment of the knee extensor mechanism and patellar height using preoperative and postoperative MRI.MethodsMedical records of all patients submitted to ascending biplanar OWHTO between July 2008 and March 2017 were retrospectively assessed. Five parameters of the patellofemoral joint—tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), patellofemoral (PF) axial engagement index, lateral patellar tilt, Blackburne-Peel index (BPI) and Caton-Deschamps index (CDI)—were measured by two blinded

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Aithie, J., P. Robinson, R. Butcher, M. Denton, A. H. R. W. Simpson, and J. Messner. "PATELLOFEMORAL INSTABILITY MANAGEMENT IN A PROSPECTIVE PAEDIATRIC COHORT IN EDINBURGH." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_14 (2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.14.009.

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Patellofemoral instability (PFI) is a common cause of knee pain and disability in the paediatric population. Patella alta, lateralised tibial tubercle, medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) deficiency, genu valgum and trochlear dysplasia are well known risk factors.A prospective database was created including patients referred through our physiotherapy pathway following first-time patella dislocation. Patella alta and lateralisation of the tibial tuberosity was treated with a Fulkerson-type tibial tubercle osteotomy(TTO). Medial patellofemoral ligament was reconstructed using quads tendon auto

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Mabrouk, Ahmed, and Matthieu Ollivier. "CHANGES IN THE POSTERIOR TIBIAL SLOPE AND PATELLAR HEIGHT IN MEDIAL OPENING WEDGE HIGH TIBIAL OSTEOTOMIES: ARE THEY INEVITABLE OR SURGICAL ERRORS?" Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_13 (2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.13.009.

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AbstractIntroductionChanges in posterior tibial slope (PTS) and patellar height (PH) following proximal tibial osteotomies have been a recent focus for knee surgeons. Increased PTS and decreased PH following medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) have been repeatedly reported in the literature. However, this has been disputed in more recent biomechanical studies.MethodologyA total of 62 cases who underwent MOWHTO were included. Surgery was performed using a dedicated step-by-step protocol focusing on the risks of unintentional slope changes. Clinically, all patients were evaluated

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Ertan, Mehmet Barış, Volkan Büyükarslan, Murat Yüncü, Emre Mücahit Kartal, Koray Kaya Kılıç, and Özkan Köse. "Reliability and Agreement of Four Patellar Height Measurement Methods in Knee Radiographs." Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 51, no. 1 (2025): 111–18. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1634452.

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This study aimed to evaluate and compare the reliability and agreement of four commonly used methods for patellar height measurement: Insall-Salvati (IS), Modified Insall-Salvati (mIS), Caton-Deschamps (CD), and Blackburne-Peel (BP) indices, using standardized lateral knee radiographs. This prospective study included seventy adult patients with standardized lateral knee radiographs. Radiographs met strict criteria for true-lateral views and appropriate knee flexion angles. Three observers independently measured patellar height using the four methods, each performing two rounds of measurements

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Hsu, Chen-Heng, Chieh-An Chuang, Huan Sheu, et al. "Patient-reported Outcomes of Sulcus Deepening Trochleoplasty versus Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy in Patellofemoral Dysplasia: A Comparative Case Series." Formosan Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders 16, no. 2 (2025): 50–57. https://doi.org/10.4103/fjmd.fjmd-d-24-00026.

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Abstract Background: Patellofemoral dysplasia characterized by patellofemoral instability often stems from a multifaceted etiology. No prior investigations have compared the patient-reported outcomes of sulcus deepening trochleoplasty (SDT) against those of tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO). Objectives: The principal objective of this study is to compare the patient-reported outcomes observed in patients with patellofemoral dysplasia and concomitant patellofemoral instability, whom underwent SDT and TTO. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 10) unde

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M, Sheldon. "The Effect of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Resection in Total Knee Replacement on Patella Tendon Length and Functional Outcomes after Five Years." Journal of Orthopaedics & Bone Disorders 3, no. 4 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000187.

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Background : It remains unclear whether infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) excision leads to patella tendon shortening. Shortening of the tendon alters the biomechanics of the knee and can be problematic however current literature is divided regarding the effect of IPFP resect ion on patella length and functional outcomes following total knee replacement. Methods : Our aim was to identify any functional and radiographic differences incurred with IPFP resection. We conducted a retrospective study comparing resection and preservation of the infrapatellar fat pad between 2007 - 2009 using the Stryker T

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Grimm, Nathan L., Benjamin M. Wooster, David M. Tainter, Beau J. Kildow, Jaewhan Kim, and Dean C. Taylor. "Anatomic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurements in First-Time Patellar Dislocators by Sex and Age." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 8 (2019): 901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-280-18.

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Context Anatomic differences of the knee in first-time patellar dislocators have not been clearly elucidated. Objective To compare structural differences of the knee in those who have sustained an acute first-time patellar dislocation resulting in a medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) tear by sex and age (≤17 years old, ≥18 years old). Design Case series. Setting Retrospective magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Patients or Other Participants Thirty-five acute first-time patellar dislocators with an associated MPFL tear. Main Outcome Measure(s) Patellar height using 3 methods, patellar alig

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Kikuchi, Kentaro, Ken Kumagai, Shunsuke Yamada, et al. "Difference in the anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity relative to the proximal tibial fragment between opening wedge and closed wedge high tibial osteotomies." SICOT-J 10 (2024): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2024020.

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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the anterior-posterior (AP) displacement of the tibial tuberosity (TT) and to assess the difference between closed wedge and opening wedge high tibial osteotomies (OWHTO and CWHTO). Methods: One hundred consecutive knees with osteoarthritis that underwent OWHTO (50 knees) or CWHTO (50 knees) were investigated retrospectively. The femorotibial angle (FTA) was measured on AP radiographs of the knee. AP displacement of the TT, posterior tibial slope (PTS), the modified Blackburne-Peel index (mBPI), and the modified Caton-Deschamps index (mCDI) were me

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Campbell, Abigail L., Jon-Michael E. Caldwell, Dheeraj Yalamanchili, et al. "Effect of Patient Height and Sex on the Patellar Tendon and Anterior Cruciate Ligament." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 5 (2021): 232596712110032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211003244.

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Background: Graft-tunnel mismatch is an avoidable complication in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Patient height and sex may be predictors of patellar tendon length (PTL) and intra-articular ACL length (IAL). Understanding these relationships may assist in reducing graft-tunnel mismatch during ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft. Purpose: To determine the association of patient height and sex with PTL and IAL. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were obtained on the healthy k

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Li, Junran, Chuanjie Chen, Hongyan Zhou, Jingxiu Zhai, Hongbo Zhao, and Ligeng Li. "Anatomic Risk Factors for Osteochondral Fracture of Acute First-Time Patellar Dislocation in Adolescents: A Retrospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (August 8, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6723326.

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Objective. To analyze the risk factors for osteochondral fracture (OCF) of first-time acute patellar dislocation (APD) through measurements of patellofemoral anatomy in adolescents. Methods. In this prospective study, all patients were divided into two groups according to whether OCF was detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Group A (associated with OCF) and Group B (without OCF). Patellofemoral anatomy was evaluated with four aspects including trochlear/patellar dysplasia, patella location, patellofemoral matching, and morphologic classification. On MRI scans, trochlear facet asymmetr

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Palmowski, Yannick, Tobias Jung, Anne-Katrin Doering, Clemens Gwinner, Imke Schatka, and Benjamin Bartek. "Analysis of cartilage injury patterns and risk factors for knee joint damage in patients with primary lateral patella dislocations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (2021): e0258240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258240.

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Background Lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) frequently causes damage to the knee. Injury patterns and risk factors contributing to such injuries have not yet been examined in detail. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 50 consecutive patients with primary LPD. Two reviewers evaluated the MRI images regarding risk factors for LPD (Dejours classification; Caton-Deschamps Index, CDI; distance from the tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove, TT-TG; trochlear depth, TD) as well as joint damages according to the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS). Results 33 male and 17 female pat

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Setia, Piyush, Rahul Kotwal, and Amit Chandratreya. "Failures and Complications with MPFL reconstruction: Our experience in 215 patients." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 6_suppl2 (2021): 2325967121S0019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00192.

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Introduction: Chronic lateral patellar instability is one of the commonly seen clinical conditions encountered by knee surgeons. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has become mainstay treatment over the last three decades. Upto 26% complication rates have been reported in literature with MPFL reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to analyse failure rates, complications of surgery for PF instability and to identify the predictive factors for failure. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed of all 215 (234 knees) patients who had u

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