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Wardania, Silvia, Putri Ayu Angelica Purba, Hanna Omi Kristefani Silaban, Sahna Maulana Sitakar, Roida Lisnawati, and Nia Zunita. "The Behavioral Diversity of Domestic Cats Living in Gampong Meurandeh and Gampong Teungoh." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 2 (2023): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.4628.
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Family felidae, the order of carnivores, includes Felis Domestica. Domestic cats can be kept as pets, wild domestic cats typically cluster in close proximity to human settlements. Feral domestic cats typically make use of human food resources that have been left over. As a result, the purpose of this research is to determine the variety of domestic cat behaviors in the area of Gampong Meurandeh and Gampong Teungoh in the Langsa Lama District of Langsa City in Aceh. The method used to observe the average daily behavior of domestic cats is by using survey methods and scan sampling carried out at 15 minute intervals. There were three categories of the observed cat's daily behavior: affiliative behavior, self-preservation, and negative behavior. Based on the study's findings, differences in daily behavior based on Gampong differences and time differences were dominated by self-care behavior, then affiliative behavior and then negative behavior. The morning and afternoon feeding times of the cats and humans in the two villages were not significantly different.
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Martell-Moran, Nicole K., Mauricio Solano, and Hugh GG Townsend. "Pain and adverse behavior in declawed cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 4 (2017): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17705044.
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Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of onychectomy (declawing) upon subsequent development of back pain and unwanted behavior in cohorts of treated and control cats housed in two different locations. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. In total, there was 137 declawed and 137 non-declawed cats, of which 176 were owned cats (88 declawed, 88 non-declawed) and 98 were shelter cats (49 declawed and 49 non-declawed). All cats were physically examined for signs of pain and barbering. The previous 2 years of medical history were reviewed for documented unwanted behavior such as inappropriate elimination and biting with minimal provocation and aggression. All declawed cats were radiographed for distal limb abnormalities, including P3 (third phalanx) bone fragments. The associations of declaw surgery with the outcomes of interest were examined using χ2 analysis, two sample t-tests and manual, backwards, stepwise logistic regression. Results Significant increases in the odds of back pain (odds ratio [OR] 2.9), periuria/perichezia (OR 7.2), biting (OR 4.5) and barbering (OR 3.06) occurred in declawed compared with control cats. Of the 137 declawed cats, 86 (63%) showed radiographic evidence of residual P3 fragments. The odds of back pain (OR 2.66), periuria/perichezia (OR 2.52) and aggression (OR 8.9) were significantly increased in declawed cats with retained P3 fragments compared with those declawed cats without. Optimal surgical technique, with removal of P3 in its entirety, was associated with fewer adverse outcomes and lower odds of these outcomes, but operated animals remained at increased odds of biting (OR 3.0) and undesirable habits of elimination (OR 4.0) compared with non-surgical controls. Conclusions and relevance Declawing cats increases the risk of unwanted behaviors and may increase risk for developing back pain. Evidence of inadequate surgical technique was common in the study population. Among declawed cats, retained P3 fragments further increased the risk of developing back pain and adverse behaviors. The use of optimal surgical technique does not eliminate the risk of adverse behavior subsequent to onychectomy.
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YAYLA, Sadık, Semih ALTAN, Berna Ersöz kanay, Emine çatalkaya, and Nahit Saylak. "Aggressive behavior in cats exposed to trauma." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (2022): 3875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.26039.
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Aggression is an important behavioral problem in cats. This issue can occur as a reaction when there is disease or pain in a normal cat. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behavior changes of cats exposed to trauma using behavior scoring system and demeanour scoring system. In this study consisted of 135 cats of different breeds, ages and genders with high rise syndrome and traffic accidents. These cats were given a detailed clinical and radiological examination. Demeanour scoring system, behavior tests, and visual analog scale were used to identify behavior changes and pain in cats. The findings from this study showed that cats exposed to trauma may experience behavioral changes or agression, and this may result from pain or stress from trauma. As a result, stress from trauma in cats can also lead to a change in behavior, a temporary aggressiveness.
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Parrales Zambrano, Edgar David, William E. Rosas Carrera, Israel E. Márquez Cabrera, and Cesar Carrillo Cedeño. "Analysis of motivations and challenges to responsible pet ownership." Centro Sur 8, no. 3 (2024): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37955/cs.v8i3.359.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of physical environmental enrichment on the agonistic behavior of 30 cats housed in the "Rescue Mission" shelter. In the pre-enrichment period, a significant increase in agonistic behaviors was observed, such as 205 paw swipes and 184 vocalizations. After implementing crates and shelves as enrichment, a gradual reduction of these behaviors was recorded. Comparison of the two types of enrichment revealed that the cats preferred the 282 boxes over the 170 shelves. As for the relationship between enrichment and sex, age and body condition of the cats, statistically significant relationships were found. Taken together, these results point to the significant influence of sex, age, and body condition on cats' environmental enrichment preferences. These findings highlight the importance of environmental enrichment in improving the welfare of cats in shelters and homes, and provide relevant information for decision making in the management of these animals. It is concluded that the implementation of effective environmental enrichment strategies can reduce stress and improve the behavior of cats, promoting a more harmonious coexistence among felines.
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Patronek, Gary J., Lawrence T. Glickman, Alan M. Beck, George P. McCabe, and Carol Ecker. "Risk factors for relinquishment of cats to an animal shelter." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209, no. 3 (1996): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1996.209.03.582.
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Objective To identify feline and household characteristics associated with relinquishment of a pet cat to an animal shelter. Design Case-control study. Sample Population Households that relinquished cats for adoption (case households) and a random sample of current cat-owning households in the same community (control households). Results Potentially modifiable risk factors with the highest population attributable risk for relinquishment were owners having specific expectations about the cat's role in the household, allowing the cat outdoors, owning a sexually intact cat, never having read a book about cat behavior, cats having daily or weekly inappropriate elimination, and inappropriate care expectations. Frequency of inappropriate elimination and aggression toward people were not associated with declaw status, but these behaviors were more common among sexually intact cats, compared with sterilized cats. Owners of cats in case households were more likely than owners in control households to cite cost of sterilization as a reason a cat was sexually intact. Cats found as strays and cats acquired with minimal planning were at decreased risk of relinquishment. Clinical Implications—The identified risk factors can be modified by cat owners and veterinarians to decrease the estimated 4 million cats euthanatized annually in animal shelters. Owner education programs are needed as well as increased awareness on the part of cat owners and veterinarians of the importance of resolving feline inappropriate elimination problems. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:582-588)
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Wilcock, B. P., J. A. Yager, and M. C. Zink. "The Morphology and Behavior of Feline Cutaneous Mastocytomas." Veterinary Pathology 23, no. 3 (1986): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588602300313.
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Correlation of histopathology with the behavior of cutaneous mastocytomas in 85 cats revealed two distinct histologic subtypes which were predictive of biologic behavior. The first subtype comprised 65 cats of various breeds which had solitary, discrete, dermal tumors composed of slightly atypical mast cells. Most tumors in this group were histologically and behaviorally benign. However, seven solitary tumors with marked anisocytosis and mitotic activity recurred or spread to other sites within 2 to 3 months. The second subtype occurred in 18 cats which had discrete subcutaneous nodules composed primarily of histiocyte-like cells with equivocal cytoplasmic granularity after staining with toluidine blue. They were identified as mast cells by electron microscopy. Seventeen of the 18 affected cats were Siamese. The histiocytic mastocytomas occurred predominantly in young cats (<4 years) and were usually multiple. In the four cats of this group for which we have prolonged follow-up data, the tumors underwent apparently spontaneous regression within 2 years of initial tumor detection. Two other cats had tumors which contained mixtures of mast cell and histiocytic morphologies.
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Hirsch, Elin N., Johanna Geijer, and Maria Andersson. "Owner Perceived Behavior in Cats and the Influence of Husbandry Practices, Housing and Owner Attitudes in Sweden." Animals 12, no. 19 (2022): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192664.
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This study consisted of an online survey based on a convenience sample among cat owners in Sweden. The aim was to investigate how owner and cat characteristics influenced the perceived behavior of cats, focusing on perceived behavioral or temperamental problems. The relation between owner knowledge, the provided environment, and owner perceived behavior of 3253 pet cats were investigated. Few respondents (18%) reported behavioral or temperamental problems, and consequently 82% perceived no problem whatsoever. Fewer cats with outdoor access were reported to display behavioral or temperamental problems. However, there was no effect of the length of time a cat was left home alone. Having studied animal behavior at university level influenced the perception of some cat behaviors, but not the incidence of reporting perceived problems. Many owners did not believe that it was possible to prevent behavioral problems in cats by training (58.5%), and many owners thought that cats could manage independently on their own (66%). Attitudes like this can cause challenges in the owner–cat interactions. The perception of problems with cats will be influenced by factors relating to husbandry routines such as outdoor access, which in the future could help to implement recommendations for cat husbandry and care.
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Vitale, Kristyn R. "Tools for managing feline problem behaviors: Pheromone therapy." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 11 (2018): 1024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18806759.
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Practical relevance: Cats are one of the most common companion animals in the world. However, relatively little scientific research has been conducted on cat behavior. With problem behaviors a leading reason for relinquishment of cats to shelters, or abandonment outdoors, solutions to address feline behavioral problems can have important welfare benefits. Because naturally occurring pheromones produce measurable species-specific responses in cats, the use of synthetic pheromone products consisting of the same compounds may activate a specific behavioral response in the receiving individual, allowing humans to better communicate with cats and manage feline problem behavior. Aims: In this article the scientific background for naturally occurring feline pheromones and semiochemicals and their impact on cat behavior is reviewed. This is used as a foundation to explore the three feline synthetic pheromones currently available and the empirical evidence that exists for their effectiveness. From this information, several recommendations for veterinarians and behavior professionals on the application of feline pheromone therapy in the home and veterinary clinic setting are presented. Evidence base: The efficacy of synthetic pheromones as a tool for the management of problem behaviors is a relatively new area of research and only fairly recently has the need to implement more rigorous research methodology been recognized.
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BOURGEOIS, Hermann, Denise ELLIOTT, Philippe MARNIQUET, Yannick SOULARD, Aimargues, FRA (meeting organiser) Royal Canin, and Paris, FRA (meeting organiser) Académie vétérinaire de France. "Dietary behavior of dogs and cats." Bulletin de l'Académie vétérinaire de France, no. 1 (2006): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/47848.
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Julianti, Santi, Indira Nurul Qomariah, Muhammad Al Anshari, Inas Salimah, and Kanthi Arum Widayati. "Aktivitas Harian dan Perilaku Makan Kucing Domestik Liar di Lingkungan Kantin IPB." Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 14, no. 2 (2021): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v14i2.15730.
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AbstrakFeral cat merupakan kucing domestik liar yang umumnya hidup berkelompok di sekitar habitat manusia. Kucing domestik liar cenderung memanfaatkan sumber daya antropogenik dibanding mencari makan sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan serta menganalisis perilaku harian dan aktivitas pencarian makan antar kelompok kucing domestik liar di sekitar dua kantin Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Metode scan sampling digunakan untuk mengamati aktivitas harian rata-rata dengan interval waktu 10 menit, selanjutnya metode ad libitum sampling untuk melihat perilaku makan dan interaksi antara kucing dengan manusia dalam mendapatkan makanan. Perilaku harian dibagi dalam 3 kategori, yaitu afiliatif, pemeliharaan diri, dan pertemuan negatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perilaku harian kucing di kedua kantin didominasi oleh perilaku perawatan diri (76,62% dan 65,17%), diikuti oleh perilaku afiliatif (18,06% dan 29,61%) dan perilaku negatif (5,32% dan 5,22%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara perilaku kucing di pagi hari dan siang hari (p-value >0,05). Interaksi antara kucing dan manusia yang memiliki frekuensi tertinggi yaitu perilaku kucing mendekati manusia. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada interaksi antara kucing dan manusia di pagi hari dan siang hari (p-value> 0.05).Abstract A feral cat is a wild domestic cat that usually lives in groups around the human habitat. Wild domestic cats tend to utilize anthropogenic resources from humans rather than foraging for themselves. This study aims to compare and analyze the daily behavior and foraging activity of groups of feral cats around the canteens of the IPB University campus. Observation of the cat's daily activity behavior was conducted by the scan sampling method at 10-minute intervals. The ad libitum sampling method was conducted to observe the feeding behavior and the interaction between the cats and humans in getting food. Daily activity behavior is divided into three categories, i.e., affiliative, self-care, and negative encounters. This study showed daily activity of the cats were dominated by self-care (76,62% dan 65,17%), affiliative behavior (18,06% dan 29,61%) and negative encounters (5,32% dan 5,22%). There is no significant difference between the daily activity of the cats in the morning and daytime (p-value >0.05). The interaction between human and the cats were dominated by the behavior of the cats approaching human. There is no significant difference in interactions between humans and cats in the morning and daytime (p-value >0.05).
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Grigg, Emma K., and Lori R. Kogan. "Owners’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Care Practices: Exploring the Implications for Domestic Cat Behavior and Welfare in the Home." Animals 9, no. 11 (2019): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110978.
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Available research on the link between domestic cats’ environment and welfare has primarily been conducted in animal shelters or research facilities; a better understanding of the welfare of cats living in homes is needed. This study measured the attitudes of current U.S.-based cat owners towards cats as pets; owner knowledge about normal cat behavior and environmental needs; current trends in cat care; cats’ behavior in the home; and the human-animal bond. The primary hypothesis was that owners with a more accurate understanding of cat behavior and a stronger reported bond with their cats would report fewer behavior problems. Data from an online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey of 547 cat owners supported the primary hypothesis: owner knowledge, along with two measures of the human-animal bond (owner-pet interactions, and perceptions of affordability of cat ownership), were significant predictors of the number of reported behavior problems. In addition to fewer reported behavior problems, greater owner knowledge about cats was correlated with less use of positive-punishment-based responses to misbehavior, and increased tolerance of potential behavior problems when present. Owners’ agreement with certain misconceptions about cats and perception of high costs of care were correlated with the use of positive punishment in response to misbehavior. Based on the survey results, many cats living in private homes may be receiving only minimal environmental enrichment. Collectively, these results suggest the need for better education of cat owners. Topics could include: understanding normal cat behavior and correcting misconceptions; enrichment needs (particularly of indoor-only cats) and the risk of behavior problems when cats’ needs are not met; welfare risks associated with declawing; and the importance of sufficient resources to minimize social and territorial conflict.
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Koyasu, Hikari, Hironobu Takahashi, Ikuto Sasao, Saho Takagi, Miho Nagasawa, and Takefumi Kikusui. "Sociality of Cats toward Humans Can Be Influenced by Hormonal and Socio-Environmental Factors: Pilot Study." Animals 13, no. 1 (2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010146.
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Individual differences in the sociality of cats are influenced by inherited and environmental factors. We recently revealed that hormones can make a difference in intraspecies social behavior. It remains unclear whether cat behavior toward humans is modulated by hormones. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between cat behavior and their basal hormone concentrations after spending time together with human experimenters. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between cat behavior and the timing of when the individual cats began living with a human because the sociality of cats could be dependent on their developmental experiences. The results showed that male cats that began living with humans earlier had more contact with an experimenter. In addition, individual male cats with low testosterone levels were more likely to interact with an experimenter. These findings of this pilot study suggest that the sociality of male cats toward humans is affected by testosterone and the age at which they begin to live with humans.
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Gaskin, Ronald W., Christina E. Clarkson, and Patricia A. Walter. "Flexor tenectomy: salvage surgery following feline onychectomy." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 25, no. 4 (2023): 1098612X2311624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x231162478.
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Objectives Onychectomized cats ( Felis catus) with inappropriate elimination behaviors or aggression may be responding to painful paw pathology, even several years after the initial onychectomy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the onychectomized toes of this population of cats for pain (thorough physical examination and/or buprenorphine trial), pathological changes (using high-resolution radiographs) and response to tenectomy in those with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Methods Cats in this study were previously onychectomized and exhibited inappropriate behaviors (inappropriate elimination, biting), exhibited pain associated with the onychectomy site or had behavioral improvements when put on a 2-week buprenorphine trial. A detailed history was obtained, including verification of proper litter box placement and management. Physical examinations included a close analysis of the onychectomized digits for resistance to extension and pain on palpation. Only cats with a normal urinalysis were included in the study. High-resolution radiographic imaging was performed on all study cats. A total flexor tenectomy was performed on cats with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints. Results All 42 cats included in the study benefited from total flexor tenectomy surgery. Two cats remained biters, even after a long course of analgesic medication. All cats walked more comfortably post-tenectomy surgery. Conclusions and relevance Onychectomy can lead to pain, inappropriate elimination and aggressive behavior. The presented salvage tenectomy procedure can alleviate or eliminate inappropriate behaviors by reducing the pain from the original onychectomy.
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Mukutmoni, Mandira, Sharmin Musa, and Hamida Khanum. "Intestinal Helminth Infections and Risk Factors in Companion Cats of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 50, no. 1 (2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v50i1.60094.
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The present study was intended to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for parasitic infection in companion cats from Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 216 fecal samples of companion cats from Dhaka city were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the cat owners to collect various data on the companion cats viz. age, breed, food, clinical issues, behavior etc. Double centrifugal flotation technique was used to process the fecal samples. In total 70 fecal samples of cat were found to be infected with at least one helminth parasite. Hookworms showed the highest prevalence (9.26%) followed by Trichuris vulpis (7.41%), Dipylidium spp. (6.02%) and Toxocara cati (4.63%). Parasitic infections were prevalent among the cats aged one to two years old (71.43%). Local breed cats were more prone to parasitic infections (67.14%). Outdoor access (70%), irregular deworming (50%) and providing homemade food (70%) were significantly associated with high prevalence of parasitic infections (P < 0.05). The maximum helminth positive cats were found to have irregular bowel movement or constipation (22.86%) and sneezing (22.86%) (P=0.000). The maximum helminth infected cats showed aggression towards other animals (34.28%). Behaviors such as scratching furniture’s (17.14%) and excessive vocalization (15.71%) were also common among the infected cats. A total of 182 (84.26%) cat owners had idea about zoonosis whereas 34 (15.74%) were unaware of it. The owners who knew about zoonosis, their cats were mostly free of infection (93.15%). Pet owners’ alertness towards cats’ behavior, clinical symptoms, prophylactic measures and overall hygiene management may be operative to lower the possibility of zoonotic transmission of parasites. Bangladesh J. Zool. 50 (1): 95-105, 2022
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Zhang, Lingna, Katie B. Needham, Serena Juma, Xuemei Si, and François Martin. "Feline communication strategies when presented with an unsolvable task: the attentional state of the person matters." Animal Cognition 24, no. 5 (2021): 1109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01503-6.
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AbstractResearch on social cognitive ability in domestic cats is limited. The current study investigated social referencing in cats when exposed to first, a solvable, and then, an unsolvable scenario (i.e., reachable and unreachable treats) in the presence of either an attentive or an inattentive caregiver. Cats expressed more gaze alternation (P = 0.013), but less interaction with the caregiver (P = 0.048) and approached the treat container less frequently (P = 0.017) during the unsolvable test, compared to the solvable test. When in the presence of an attentive caregiver, cats initiated first gaze at the caregiver faster (P = 0.001); gazed at the caregiver for longer (P = 0.034); and approached the treat more frequently (P = 0.040), compared to when the caregiver was inattentive. Significant interaction was observed between test and caregiver’s attentional state on the expression of sequential behavior, a type of showing behavior. Cats exhibited this behavior marginally more with attentive caregivers, compared to inattentive caregivers, but only during the unsolvable test. There was a decrease in sequential behavior during the unsolvable test, compared to solvable test, but this was only seen with inattentive caregivers (P = 0.018). Our results suggest that gaze alternation is a behavior reliably indicating social referencing in cats and that cats’ social communication with humans is affected by the person’s availability for visual interaction.
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Crowell-Davis, Sharon L., Kimberly Barry, and Randall Wolfe. "Social Behavior and Aggressive Problems of Cats." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 27, no. 3 (1997): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(97)50054-4.
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Houpt, Katherine A. "Sexual Behavior Problems in Dogs and Cats." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 27, no. 3 (1997): 601–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(97)50056-8.
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Suchak, Malini, Michael Piombino, and Kalina Bracco. "Predictors of proximity to others in colony housed shelter cats (Felis silvestris catus)." Pet Behaviour Science, no. 2 (December 10, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/pbs.v0i2.5186.
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Colony housing of cats allows shelters to maximize the number of cats housed in limited space. Most research on colony-housed cats examines stress in relation to group size or enclosure size. While this is important for evaluating welfare, it is equally important to understand how cats are interacting socially in these colonies. We observed 259 adult cats housed in groups of two to eight individuals. Scan samples were used to assess how frequently individual cats were in close proximity to other cats. These data were used to measure individual differences in sociability and patterns of proximity to certain partners. We used information about the past history of the cat, which was collected upon admission to the shelter to identify predictors of time spent in proximity. There was a high degree of inter-individual variability in sociability. Strays tended to spend less time in proximity to other cats, and this effect was most pronounced in females.However, none of the information collected upon admission predicted patterns of proximity to certain partners, or which cats spent time in association witheach other. Future studies should explore the implications of differences in sociability by associating observations of social behavior and stress behaviors.
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Vitale, Kristyn R., Delaney H. Frank, Jocelyn Conroy, and Monique A. R. Udell. "Cat Foster Program Outcomes: Behavior, Stress, and Cat–Human Interaction." Animals 12, no. 17 (2022): 2166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12172166.
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Recent research has demonstrated that cats (Felis catus) have greater social potential and flexibility than was previously assumed. However, many traditional cat care practices have been influenced by the misconception that cats are socially aloof. This can result in less support or guidance for cat-focused programs that may promote improved success or welfare. For example, while dog fostering programs—even overnight programs—are considered highly beneficial, with research to back these claims, relatively little research has been dedicated to understanding the potential risks and benefits of cat fostering programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to empirically evaluate the social, behavioral, and stress response outcomes associated with placing shelter cats in an overnight or short-term foster environment. While neither overnight nor 1-week fostering lead to a statistically significant improvement in human-directed social behavior or stress levels, foster cats also did not display increased fear or aggression in the foster home and did not have higher cortisol levels. Therefore, cat fostering—even short-term fostering—does not appear to be more stressful or problematic for this species than remaining in a shelter. This information could contribute to life-saving efforts by providing empirical evidence that cats can be safely moved into foster homes, even for short durations, when shelter space is limited. More research is needed to evaluate the potential effects of longer-term fostering in cats, as well as cat fostering practices that could lead to greater welfare benefits.
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Burton, Adrian. "Jazz cats." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 18, no. 7 (2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2249.
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Grigg, Emma K., Lori R. Kogan, Karen van Haaften, and Cheryl Kolus. "Cat owners’ perceptions of psychoactive medications, supplements and pheromones for the treatment of feline behavior problems." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 10 (2018): 902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18807783.
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Objectives This study assessed cat owners’ perceptions of the use of psychoactive medications and alternative products for the treatment of behavioral problems in their cats. Factors that potentially impact these perceptions were explored and discussed. Methods An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess US-based cat owners’ experiences with behavior problems of their cats, familiarity with psychoactive medications for treatment of behavior problems and comfort levels using the following products for treatment of feline behavior problems: fast-acting or situational prescription medications, slow-acting or long-term prescription medications, herbal/nutritional supplements, pheromone products and cannabinoid products. Results Many respondents reported that their cats had behavioral problems, but few had ever sought behavioral help for their cats. Only half were aware of the availability of psychoactive medications for cat behavior problems. Respondents who had personally used a prescription psychoactive medication in the past were more comfortable with giving fast- and slow-acting prescription medications, pheromone products and cannabinoids to their cats than respondents who had never used a prescription psychoactive medication. No difference in comfort level was seen for herbal/nutritional supplements. Overall, owners tended to be more comfortable with the situational vs long-term medications. Conclusions and relevance Given the prevalence of feline behavior problems reported in this study, the lack of awareness of either the availability or potential benefits of psychoactive medications for the treatment of feline behavior problems, and the fact that very few owners had ever sought help for behavior problems with their cats, are concerning. These results suggest a missed opportunity for veterinarians to help clients identify, understand and treat feline behavior problems. Many owners appear open to these treatment options for their cats; it is suggested that, when warranted, educating cat owners about the potential benefits and risks of these medications would be of value.
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Marangoni, Sabrine, Julia Beatty, and Paulo V. Steagall. "An ethogram of acute pain behaviors in cats based on expert consensus." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0292224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292224.
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An improved understanding of behaviors reflecting acute pain in cats is a priority for feline welfare. The aim of this study was to create and validate a comprehensive ethogram of acute pain behaviors in cats that can discriminate painful versus non-painful individuals. An inventory of behaviors (ethogram) with their respective descriptors was created based on a literature review of PubMed, Web of Science and CAB Abstracts databases. The ethogram was divided into ten behavior categories that could be evaluated by duration and/or frequency: position in the cage, exploratory behaviors, activity, posture and body position, affective-emotional states, vocalization, playing (with an object), feeding, post-feeding and facial expressions/features. Thirty-six behaviors were analyzed independently by four veterinarians with postgraduate qualifications in feline medicine and/or behavior as (1) not relevant, (2) somewhat relevant, (3) quite relevant or (4) highly relevant and used for content (I-CVI) and face validity. Items with I-CVI scores > 0.67 were included. Twenty-four behaviors were included in the final ethogram. Thirteen items presented full agreement (i.e., I-CVI = 1): positioned in the back of the cage, no attention to surroundings, feigned sleep, grooming, attention to wound, crouched/hunched, abnormal gait, depressed, difficulty grasping food, head shaking, eye squinting, blepharospasm and lowered head position. Seven descriptors were reworded according to expert suggestions. The final ethogram provides a detailed description of acute pain behaviors in cats after content and face validity and can be applied to the characterization of different acute painful conditions in hospitalized cats.
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Yang, Suann, Jenny Hazlehurst, and Darcy A. A. Taniguchi. "Cats Teach Stats." American Biology Teacher 83, no. 8 (2021): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2021.83.8.542.
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Tools that teach quantitative skills and foster positive student attitudes toward these skills are important in biology curricula. Math and statistics anxiety is common and can interfere with student learning in biology courses. We describe a new framework for alleviating this anxiety. In our module, students watch a cute internet cat video, which inspires them to ask scientific questions about animal behavior and collect, analyze, and interpret data. We developed two freely available interactive tools to implement our module. We successfully implemented these tools with undergraduate students at two institutions. Based on this experience, we provide ideas for extension along with assessment.
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Hampton, Amanda, Alexandra Ford, Roy E. Cox, Chin-chi Liu, and Ronald Koh. "Effects of music on behavior and physiological stress response of domestic cats in a veterinary clinic." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 2 (2019): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19828131.
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Objectives Our objective was to determine if feline-specific music played in a veterinary clinical setting would promote lower cat stress scores (CSSs), lower mean handling scale scores (HSs) and reduced neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) in cats during physical examinations. Methods Cats were exposed to one of three auditory stimuli tests – silence, classical music and cat-specific music – during three physical examinations 2 weeks apart. CSSs were recorded at pre- and post-auditory tests and during the examination period. The HSs were recorded at the physical examination period. The physiological stress was assessed via NLRs. Results The pre-auditory test showed no difference in CSS between cats listening to silence, classical music and cat music. CSSs for post-auditory tests and examination periods were not significantly different between silence and classical music; however, CSSs were significantly decreased in cats listening to cat music vs silence and in cats listening to cat music vs classical music. HSs were not different in cats listening to silence vs classical music, but were significantly lower in cats listening to cat music vs silence and classical music. No difference was found in NLRs among all three auditory stimuli tests. Conclusions and relevance Listening to cat-specific music prior to, and during, physical examination was associated with lower CSSs and lower HSs in cats, but had no effect on the physiological stress responses measured by NLRs. We conclude that cat-specific music may benefit cats by decreasing the stress levels and increasing the quality of care in veterinary clinical settings.
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Rosalia, Rosalia, and Nanda Yulian Syah. "A Study of Kitten Behaviours in The Urban Backyard." International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 6, no. 2 (2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v6i2.23872.
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Kitten is the earliest stage of a cat’s life, starting from 0 – 6 months old. As the golden age of a human baby in their first 1000 days of life, a kitten is the golden period for cats to grow and explore the environments. People tend to adopt cats at this stage as it is easier for them to shape and understand the characteristics of their cats. Therefore, understanding the behaviors of cats during the kitten period is fundamental. This study observed the behaviors of two pet kittens at 13 weeks of age when they roamed around the urban backyard. An ethogram was designed to record the duration of states (in second) and the frequency of events (per observation) of all behaviors. During the assessments, both kittens dominantly performed exploratory behaviors. They tended to explore the environment by sniffing ground, climbing trees, staring at birds, and walking around the backyard. These behaviors could be seen more often than their playing behaviors (object play and social play). In conclusion, this study supports the view that during the late socialization period (9-16 weeks), kittens seem to show the intense exploration of the environment as part of the development of predatory behavior or hunting skills in wild nature settings.
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Wojtaś, Justyna, Piotr Czyżowski, Kamila Kaszycka, Klaudia Kaliszyk, and Mirosław Karpiński. "The Impact of Environmental Enrichment on the Cortisol Level of Shelter Cats." Animals 14, no. 9 (2024): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14091392.
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Enriching cats’ living environment in shelters is crucial in reducing their stress. Easier access to resources allows cats to display natural behavior. This study aimed to assess whether cats staying in an enriched environment would be less stressed than cats staying in a standard environment. The first group consisted of cats living in an environment with fewer resources (standard environment)—103 cats. The second group consisted of cats living in an enriched environment—76 cats. The research material consisted of hair collected to determine the cortisol level. The results indicate that cats from a more enriched environment have almost half the level of cortisol in hair than cats from an environment with fewer resources (0.059 ng/mg vs. 0.101 ng/mg; p = 0.000001).
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DePorter, Theresa L., and Ashley L. Elzerman. "Common feline problem behaviors: Destructive scratching." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 3 (2019): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19831205.
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Practical relevance: While scratching is a normal, beneficial behavior for cats, it can create problems when cats scratch objects owners deem as inappropriate. However, if veterinarians make suitable recommendations from the first veterinary visit, owners will be able to implement effective preventive strategies to develop good scratching patterns for life. Educating owners as to why cats scratch, how to guide cats to scratch only on desirable surfaces (ie, a scratching post), which types of scratching posts are preferred by most cats, the benefits of pheromone products, as well as other strategies to avoid destructive scratching, helps to preserve the cat–owner bond and reduces the risk of relinquishment. Clinical challenges: Clients may not directly ask veterinarians for their assistance regarding their cat’s destructive scratching, and may not be aware that anything can be done except for declawing their cat. Evidence base: Published studies on scratching are limited. Destructive scratching has been documented as a reason for the relinquishment of cats to shelters and the negative effects of declaw surgeries are being increasingly discovered. Among recent scientific publications are studies assessing kitten and cat preferences for scratching substrates, and the use of pheromones to encourage appropriate scratching behavior. This review draws on these studies, among other resources, as well as the authors’ personal experiences.
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Winkler, I. G., M. Löchelt, and R. L. P. Flower. "Epidemiology of Feline Foamy Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in Domestic and Feral Cats: a Seroepidemiological Study." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 9 (1999): 2848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.9.2848-2851.1999.
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Although foamy viruses (Spumaviruses) have repeatedly been isolated from both healthy and diseased cats, cattle, and primates, the primary mode of transmission of those common viruses remains undefined. A database of the feline foamy virus (FeFV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibody status, age, and sex of 389 domestic cats presented to veterinarians was assembled. A similar database for 66 feral (wild) cats was also assembled. That FeFV antibody status reflects infection was validated by PCR. Both FeFV and FIV infection rates were found to gradually increase with age, and over 70% of cats older than 9 years were seropositive for FeFV. In domestic cats, the prevalence of FeFV infection was similar in both sexes. In feral cats, FeFV infection was more prevalent in female cats than in male cats. Although both FeFV and FIV have been reported to be transmitted by biting, the patterns of infection observed are more consistent with an interpretation that transmission of these two retroviruses is not the same. The prevalence of FIV infection is highest in nondesexed male cats, the animals most likely to display aggressive behavior. The gradual increase in the proportion of FeFV-infected animals is consistent with transmission of foamy viruses by intimate social contact between animals and less commonly by aggressive behavior.
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Mills, Daniel S., Isabelle Demontigny-Bédard, Margaret Gruen, et al. "Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs." Animals 10, no. 2 (2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020318.
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We argue that there is currently an under-reporting of the ways in which pain can be associated with problem behavior, which is seriously limiting the recognition of this welfare problem. A review of the caseloads of 100 recent dog cases of several authors indicates that a conservative estimate of around a third of referred cases involve some form of painful condition, and in some instances, the figure may be nearly 80%. The relationship is often complex but always logical. Musculoskeletal but also painful gastro-intestinal and dermatological conditions are commonly recognized as significant to the animal’s problem behavior. The potential importance of clinical abnormalities such as an unusual gait or unexplained behavioral signs should not be dismissed by clinicians in general practice, even when they are common within a given breed. In general, it is argued that clinicians should err on the side of caution when there is a suspicion that a patient could be in pain by carefully evaluating the patient’s response to trial analgesia, even if a specific physical lesion has not been identified.
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Peachey, Sarah E., and E. Jean Harper. "Aging Does Not Influence Feeding Behavior in Cats." Journal of Nutrition 132, no. 6 (2002): 1735S—1739S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1735s.
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Ackermann, Camila L., and Maria D. Lopes. "Training tom cats for semen collection using an artificial vagina: a retrospective study." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 12 (2020): 1155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x20913351.
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Objectives Owing to the lack of literature on training cats to use an artificial vagina (AV), we performed a retrospective study on the success of training tom cats for semen collection using an AV. Methods Records from training 20 cats (2009 until 2019) for semen collection using AVs were analyzed. Sexual preferences, behavior towards humans, queens and other tom cats, as well as libido, number of training sessions and rate of success were observed. Data are presented as percentages and the results are described subjectively. Results In 85% of tom cats, collection using an AV was performed successfully. Training was unsuccessful when libido was low or absent. Behavior towards humans did not interfere with the success rate, while libido did. Conclusions and relevance Most tom cats can be successfully trained to have semen collected using an AV; the number of training sessions required depends on the male’s libido and the technician’s experience.
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Houpt, Katherine A. "Animal behavior and animal welfare." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 198, no. 8 (1991): 1355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1991.198.08.1355.
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Summary The value of behavioral techniques in assessing animal welfare, and in particular assessing the psychological well being of animals, is reviewed. Using cats and horses as examples, 3 behavioral methods are presented: (1) comparison of behavior patterns and time budgets; (2) choice tests; and (3) operant conditioning. The behaviors of intact and declawed cats were compared in order to determine if declawing led to behavioral problems or to a change in personality. Apparently it did not. The behavior of free ranging horses was compared with that of stabled horses. Using two-choice preference tests, the preference of horses for visual contact with other horses and the preference for bedding were determined. Horses show no significant preference for locations from which they can make visual contact with other horses, but they do prefer bedding, especially when lying down. Horses will perform an operant response in order to obtain light in a darkened barn or heat in an outside shed. These same techniques can be used to answer a variety of questions about an animal's motivation for a particular attribute of its environment.
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Elzerman, Ashley L., Theresa L. DePorter, Alexandra Beck, and Jean-François Collin. "Conflict and affiliative behavior frequency between cats in multi-cat households: a survey-based study." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 8 (2019): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19877988.
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Objectives The objective of this study was to collect information from cat owners about the frequency of conflict and affiliative signs in their households in order to: (1) assess correlations with the owners’ ratings of household cat–cat harmony; and (2) determine if relationships exist between household variables, cat population variables and behavior frequencies. Methods Responses to an online survey of adult residents of the USA who were the primary caregiver of 2–4 indoor or indoor–outdoor cats were included in the analysis. Spearman’s correlations and χ2 tests were used to compare behavior frequencies with household and cat population variables. Results Of 2492 owners of multiple cats, 73.3% noted conflict signs from the very beginning when introducing the cats. The more cats in the house, the more frequent the conflict signs. Staring was the most frequently observed conflict sign, occurring at least daily in 44.9% of households, followed, in order of decreasing frequency, by chasing, stalking, fleeing, tail twitching, hissing and wailing/screaming. Hissing occurred at least daily in 18% of households. Affiliative signs were observed more frequently than conflict signs. Physical contact between cats was observed at least daily in around half of the multi-cat households. Higher harmony scores were correlated with less frequent conflict signs and more frequent affiliative signs. No household or cat population variable, including home size or numerically adequate resources provision, was strongly predictive of the frequency of conflict or affiliative signs. Conclusions and relevance This is the first large-scale online survey to obtain frequencies of conflict and affiliative behaviors and compare them with factors linked to the cats or the home settings. The study confirmed that feline relationships are correlated with the owner’s perceived impression of the initial introduction, but other household factors and cat population variables included in the study were not strongly predictive of the frequency of conflict or affiliative signs.
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Hyndman, Timothy H., Kelly L. Algar, Andrew P. Woodward та ін. "Estradiol-17β Pharmacokinetics and Histological Assessment of the Ovaries and Uterine Horns following Intramuscular Administration of Estradiol Cypionate in Feral Cats". Animals 10, № 9 (2020): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091708.
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The control of feral cats (Felis catus) in Australia is a key biological conservation issue. Male cats are more difficult to control than female cats. Collared and tagged female cats displaying estrous behavior have been considered as a way to lure male cats and reveal their locations. As female cats are seasonal breeders, artificial induction of estrous behavior following the administration of a long-acting estrogen could improve their use for this purpose. Estradiol cypionate was intramuscularly administered to nine entire non-pregnant female feral cats, of unknown estrous status, at 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 mg/kg. Mean peak serum concentrations of estradiol-17β were 365 pg/mL (0.1 mg/kg), 1281 pg/mL (0.3 mg/kg), and 1447 pg/mL (0.5 mg/kg). The time-course of estradiol-17β concentrations after various doses of estradiol cypionate was assessed using non-compartmental and non-linear mixed-effects methods. At the highest-studied dose (0.5 mg/kg), the 50th percentile of estradiol-17β concentrations exceeded 0.1 ng/mL for 11.8 days, and 0.05 ng/mL for 14.6 days. The duration increased with increasing dose. No signs of toxicity were noticed in any cat during the study. This information will be useful to ongoing studies that are investigating ways to reduce the abundance of feral cats in Australia, especially adult male cats.
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de Rivera, Christina, Jacqui Ley, Bill Milgram, and Gary Landsberg. "Development of a laboratory model to assess fear and anxiety in cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 6 (2016): 586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16643121.
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Objectives The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a laboratory-based model to assess fear and anxiety in cats using the feline open-field test (OFT) and the feline human interaction test (HIT); and (2) to validate the model using diazepam, a known anxiolytic. Methods Laboratory-housed cats (n = 41) were first classified as fearful, mildly fearful or non-fearful by a technician familiar with the cats and also by veterinary behaviorists (GL, JL), by assessing the cats’ behavior in their home rooms. In experiment 1, each cat’s behavior was assessed in an OFT and an HIT. In experiment 2, after administration of the anxiolytic diazepam, a subset of the cats was re-tested. Results In experiment 1, the OFT revealed significant group effects on two measures: duration of inactivity, and vocalization. Fearful animals had significantly longer periods of inactivity than non-fearful animals. Non-fearful and mildly fearful cats vocalized more frequently than fearful cats. In the HIT, fearful cats travelled less than non-fearful and mildly fearful cats. Fearful and mildly fearful animals had significantly longer durations of inactivity, and non-fearful and mildly fearful cats had a significantly higher frequency of vocalization compared with fearful cats. In experiment 2, in the OFT, treatment with diazepam caused an increase in distance travelled, shorter durations of inactivity, and more frequent inactivity and vocalization. In the HIT, diazepam increased distance travelled and decreased duration of inactivity. Fearful cats spent significantly less time near the human compared with non-fearful cats, and this persisted under diazepam. Conclusions and relevance The feline OFT and feline HIT can be used jointly to assess the effects of medications or other therapies on fear and anxiety in the domestic cat.
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Johnson, T. O., F. Y. Schulman, T. P. Lipscomb, and L. D. Yantis. "Histopathology and Biologic Behavior of Pleomorphic Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors in Fifteen Cats." Veterinary Pathology 39, no. 4 (2002): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.39-4-452.
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Most feline cutaneous mast cell tumors (CMCT) are behaviorally benign; however, there is a subset of these tumors with marked pleomorphism (previously termed poorly differentiated) that have been reported to be more aggressive. In this study, pleomorphic CMCT from 15 cats were identified from surgical biopsy submissions, and follow-up clinical data were obtained for 14 of these cats. Pleomorphic CMCT were discrete dermal nodules composed of sheets of pleomorphic round cells. Tumors from all 15 cats contained markedly cytomegalic and karyomegalic cells; 9/15 tumors (60%) contained multinucleated tumor giant cells. Typical mast cell granules were easily identified in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with metachromatic stains and based on ultrastructural evaluation in cytomegalic as well as smaller tumor cells, indicating that the tumors were not poorly differentiated. The mitotic rate was very low (<1 mitosis per 10 high-power fields [hpf]) in 14 of 15 tumors (93%). Affected cats were 6–19 years old (mean age = 11.5 years), and there was no breed or sex predilection. Two cats had local recurrence. The only cat that had a pleomorphic CMCT with a high mitotic rate (1–2 mitoses/hpf) subsequently developed numerous other dermal neoplasms and was euthanatized. In this study, the large majority of feline pleomorphic CMCT were behaviorally benign. Mitotic rate is likely an important prognostic indicator of CMCT behavior.
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Escobar-Aguirre, Sebastián, Raúl A. Alegría-Morán, Javiera Calderón-Amor, and Tamara A. Tadich. "Can Responsible Ownership Practices Influence Hunting Behavior of Owned Cats?: Results from a Survey of Cat Owners in Chile." Animals 9, no. 10 (2019): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100745.
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The domestic cat (Felis catus) has become a worldwide threat to wildlife. The potential impact of owned cats on wildlife in Chile has not been documented at a large scale. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number and type of prey that owned cats bring back in Chile and its relation with responsible ownership practices. An online survey was distributed to 5216 households that included questions about the type of pet, responsible ownership practices, and in the case of cats, the type of prey they brought home. Descriptive statistics as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied. The results showed that 94.3% of respondents had a pet, and from these, 49.9% had at least one cat. A total of 84.1% of owners reported that their cats had brought back prey. Birds were the most common type of prey, followed by mammals and insects. Not being registered with a microchip, not having a litter box, living in a house with access to a garden, not having a hiding place for the cats, and having free access to the outdoors significantly increased the odds of cats bringing back prey. Body condition score or providing ad libitum food to cats did not have an effect on bringing prey.
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MAHERA, LIZA, ASTUTI LATIF, SITI SARI AZYATI, HANNY RAMADHANTI, and KANTHI ARUM WIDAYATI. "Daily behavior and interaction of cats (Felis catus) with humans at a canteen in IPB University." Jurnal Natural 23, no. 1 (2023): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v23i1.26515.
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Understanding feral cat behavior can be one of the aspects that is necessary for proper management and taking policy action in controlling the cat population. This study aimed to observe the daily activities of feral cats and see the correlation between the number of visitors on cat-to-human interaction at a canteen in IPB University. Observation of cat’s daily behavior was conducted by scan sampling method and cats’ interaction with humans was conducted by ad libitum sampling. Our results showed that self-care (66.27%) dominated the daily behavior of cats followed by negative behavior (20.83%) and affiliative behavior (12.9%). Correlation test showed there was a significant negative correlation between the number of visitors and frequency of affiliative behavior (p = 0.024). The number of visitors also shows a positive correlation to self-care (p = 0.034). No significant correlation between the number of visitors and negative encounters behavior (p = 0.27). The highest frequency value of cat-human interaction was approaching human (A) 28.15%, followed by vocalization (MV) 28.15% and eye contact (KM) 22.71%. Cat-human interaction behavior did not significantly correlate with the number of visitors (p 0.05). Our result implies that the feral cat’s use the canteen as a place to rest, not a place to find food and daily activities and human-cat interactions were specific for each study site. Therefore, in the management of feral cats, it was necessary to pay attention to the conditions of their respective habitats.
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Horwitz, Debra F. "Common feline problem behaviors: Urine spraying." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 3 (2019): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19831203.
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Practical relevance: Urine spraying (synonymous terms include urine marking or scent marking) is commonly described as urine deposited on vertical surfaces while the cat is in a standing position. With the increasing trend of keeping cats indoors in some countries and the potential resultant increase in frustration-related behaviors, urine spraying may occur in the home. Although also a normal feline behavior, it is usually not deemed acceptable when the cat targets household possessions. Urine spraying is a common behavioral complaint that practitioners receive from cat owners and has the potential to disrupt the human–cat bond. In fact, feline elimination issues are a frequent reason cited by owners when they relinquish their cats to shelters and rescue organizations. Clinical challenges: While the location of the deposited urine should be diagnostic, this is not always the case. Urine marking can occur on horizontal surfaces, thus complicating the diagnosis. Urine spraying by intact males and females is used to signal availability for mating but the behaviour can also be exhibited by neutered animals. Multiple factors including medical problems can trigger the onset and maintenance of urine spraying, and correct identification of these is necessary for treatment to be most successful. Evidence base: This review draws on information from multiple studies that have been published on the normal aspects of urine spraying in cats, the frequency as reported by owners, the relationship of urine spraying to intercat aggression and various treatment options including behavior modification, pheromone therapy and use of psychoactive medication.
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Yang, Shi Da, Ya Lin Yi, and Zhi Yong Shan. "Chaotic Cat Swarm Algorithms for Global Numerical Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1782.
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A novel Chaotic Improved Cat Swarm Algorithm (CCSA) is presented for global optimization. The CSA is a new meta-heuristic optimization developed based on imitating the natural behavior of cats and composed of two sub-models: tracing mode and seeking mode, which model upon the behaviors of cats. Here different chaotic maps are utilized to improve the seeking mode step of the algorithm. Seven different chaotic maps are investigated and the Logistic and Sinusoidal maps are found as the best choices. Comparing the new algorithm with the CSA method demonstrates the superiority of the CCSA for the benchmark functions.
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Dent, Micheal L., Daniel J. Tollin, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Influence of Sound Source Location on the Behavior and Physiology of the Precedence Effect in Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 2 (2009): 724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00129.2009.
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Psychophysical experiments on the precedence effect (PE) in cats have shown that they localize pairs of auditory stimuli presented from different locations in space based on the spatial position of the stimuli and the interstimulus delay (ISD) between the stimuli in a manner similar to humans. Cats exhibit localization dominance for pairs of transient stimuli with |ISDs| from ∼0.4 to 10 ms, summing localization for |ISDs| < 0.4 ms and breakdown of fusion for |ISDs| > 10 ms, which is the approximate echo threshold. The neural correlates to the PE have been described in both anesthetized and unanesthetized animals at many levels from auditory nerve to cortex. Single-unit recordings from the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex of cats demonstrate that neurons respond to both lead and lag sounds at ISDs above behavioral echo thresholds, but the response to the lag is reduced at shorter ISDs, consistent with localization dominance. Here the influence of the relative locations of the leading and lagging sources on the PE was measured behaviorally in a psychophysical task and physiologically in the IC of awake behaving cats. At all configurations of lead-lag stimulus locations, the cats behaviorally exhibited summing localization, localization dominance, and breakdown of fusion. Recordings from the IC of awake behaving cats show neural responses paralleling behavioral measurements. Both behavioral and physiological results suggest systematically shorter echo thresholds when stimuli are further apart in space.
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Stella, Judith, and Candace Croney. "Coping Styles in the Domestic Cat (Felis silvestris catus) and Implications for Cat Welfare." Animals 9, no. 6 (2019): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060370.
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Identifying coping styles in cats may lead to improved health and welfare. The aims of this study were to (1) identify individual differences in response to acute confinement, and (2) to assess the predictability of guardian-rated personality traits on behavior. Adult cats (n = 55) were singly housed in enriched cages and behavioral observations were recorded for three days. On day 3, familiar and unfamiliar person approach tests were conducted. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) were quantified from voided samples. A questionnaire assessing personality traits and sickness behaviors was completed by each guardian. Analysis identified two clusters—cats in Cluster 1 (n = 22) were described as shy, calm, mellow, and timid; cats in Cluster 2 (n = 33) were described as active, playful, curious, and easygoing. Multilevel mixed-effects GLM revealed significant differences between the clusters including food intake (C1 > C2, p < 0.0001), affiliative/maintenance behaviors (C2 > C1, p < 0.0001), vocalization (C2 > C1, p < 0.0001), hide (C1 > C2, p < 0.0001), perch (C2 > C1, p < 0.0001), and latency to approach a familiar (C1 > C2, p < 0.0001) and unfamiliar (C1 > C2, p = 0.013) person. No statistically significant differences in FGM concentrations were identified (cluster p = 0.28; day p = 0.16, interaction p = 0.26). Guardian-rated personality traits agreed with the response of the cats when confined to a cage, suggesting that domestic cats have different coping styles. Identifying individual differences in response to stressful events or environments may provide caretakers with important information leading to improved welfare.
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Chamberlain, Sarah A. E., Lynette J. McLeod, and Donald W. Hine. "Audience segmentation of New Zealand cat owners: Understanding the barriers and drivers of cat containment behavior." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0296805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296805.
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Free-roaming companion cats have a detrimental impact on the environment and are at risk of harm. Despite these negative impacts, it is the norm in New Zealand (NZ) to allow companion cats to roam freely and only a minority of cat owners practice cat containment. This study firstly sought to identify what factors act as barriers and drivers of NZ owners’ participation in cat containment, and secondly whether NZ owners could be segmented into unique audiences based on the factors predicting their cat containment behavior. It was hypothesized that cat owners with greater capability, opportunity, and motivation to perform cat containment would have greater cat containment intentions and behavior. Furthermore, it was expected that at least three segments of cat owners would exist in NZ which differed significantly in the set of capability, opportunity and motivational factors predicting their cat containment behavior. A quantitative online cross-sectional survey of 395 NZ cat owners was conducted, measuring containment intentions and behavior, and capability, opportunity, and motivation to perform cat containment. Results from bivariate correlations and multiple regression demonstrated that capability, opportunity, and motivational factors predicted increased cat containment intentions and behavior. Latent profile analysis identified four distinct segments of cat owners with unique COM profiles; engaged (6%), receptive (17%), ambivalent (48%), and opposed (30%). Validation analysis demonstrated that these groups all differed significantly in their cat containment intentions and behaviors. From these findings theoretically grounded behavior change interventions can be developed to target the causes of non-participation in cat containment for each of the identified cat owner segments, thereby improving the management of free-roaming cats in NZ.
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Cooper, Leslie, and Benjamin L. Hart. "Comparison of diazepam with progestin for effectiveness in suppression of urine spraying behavior in cats." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 200, no. 6 (1992): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1992.200.06.797.
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Summary The most common treatment for urine spraying and marking in cats has been administration of long-acting progestins. Treatment with diazepam has recently been gaining favor, particularly because of reported adverse effects of progestins. Results of a clinical trial involving 20 cats indicated that diazepam was effective in eliminating or markedly reducing spraying in 11 (55%) of them. However, most cats required continuous treatment, or at least intermittent treatment, when spraying recurred. The physiologic and behavioral dependency of cats on diazepam, which presumably develops over the course of administration, may contribute to the tendency for spraying to recur once diazepam treatment is discontinued. Using data from previously published findings on progestin administration, plus additional cases, it was documented that a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage of males than females responded favorably. Although the number of cases was not sufficient for a statistical comparison of diazepam vs progestin treatment with regard to male vs female, possible gender difference in the effectiveness of diazepam was not indicated.
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J.R., Villablanca. "Why do we have a caudate nucleus?" Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 70, no. 1 (2010): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2010-1778.
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In order to understand the physiological role of the caudate nucleus, we combine here our laboratory data on cats with reports of patients with selective damage to this nucleus. Cats with bilateral removal of the caudate nuclei showed a stereotyped behavior consisting of persistently approaching and then following a person, another cat, or any object, and attempting to contact the target. Simultaneously, the animals exhibited a friendly disposition and persistent docility together with purring and forelimbs treading/kneading. The magnitude and duration of this behavior was proportional to the extent of the removal reaching a maximum after ablations of 65% or more of the caudate tissue. These cats were hyperactive but they had lost the feline elegance of movements. Additional features of acaudate cats were: (1) postural and accuracy deficits (plus perseveration) in paw usage tasks including bar pressing for food reward; (2) cognitive and perceptual impairments on a T-maze battery of tasks and on the bar pressing tasks; (3) blockage or blunting of the species-specific behavioral response to a single injection of morphine; Unilateral caudate nucleus removal did not produce global behavioral effects, but only deficit in the contralateral paw contact placing reaction and paw usage/bar pressing. Moreover and surprisingly, we found hypertrophy of the ipsilateral caudate nucleus following prenatal focal neocortical removal. The findings in human were also behavioral (not neurological) and also occurred with unilateral caudate damage. The main manifestations consisted of loss of drive (apathy), obsessive-compulsive behavior, cognitive deficits, stimulus-bound perseverative behavior, and hyperactivity. Based on all of the above data we propose that the specific function of the caudate nucleus is to control approach-attachment behavior, ranging from plain approach to a target, to romantic love. This putative function would account well for the caudate involvement in the pathophysiology of a number of clinical syndromes that we mention, all of which compromise approach-attachment- affect behaviors. In addition we conclude that the caudate nucleus contributes importantly to body and limbs posture as well as to the accuracy and speed of directed movements
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Alexandrino, Eduardo R., Juliano A. Bogoni, Ana B. Navarro, et al. "Large Terrestrial Bird Adapting Behavior in an Urbanized Zone." Animals 9, no. 6 (2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060351.
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Wildlife living within urban ecosystems have to adapt or perish. Red-legged Seriema, a large terrestrial bird, are rare in urban ecosystems, however, they have been reported in a medium-sized Brazilian city. We investigated the reasons for this occurrence as well as their behavior. We assessed the distribution of Seriemas (including fledglings), free-ranging cats, and cat-feeding points provided by humans, and past records of Seriemas in the study area. We discovered that Seriemas are sharing spatial resources with cats without apparent conflicts, and intraspecific competition was important to define the spatial distribution of Seriemas. This species is able to use human-made structures to improve territory defense and opportunistic foraging. Direct and indirect human food provisioning is helping them to survive in the studied area, but is also facilitating the domestication process, which may cause future conflicts with humans and cats. Although Seriemas have inhabited the studied urban area for years, they are still adapting their behaviors for urban life, as they have not yet perceived the dangers of automotive traffic. Our study corroborates that wild species may adapt to urban areas driven by human contact, but it also acts as a trap for the adaptive process.
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IMADA, SUMIO, HIROKO TSUKAHARA, and HIROSHI IMADA. "An Experimental Study of Rod-Touching Behavior in Cats." Annual of Animal Psychology 36, no. 2 (1987): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2502/janip1944.36.89.
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Chandler, E. A. "The treatment of behavior problems in dogs and cats." Veterinary Journal 155, no. 2 (1998): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(98)80007-5.
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May, Matthew D., Michael T. Bowen, Iain S. McGregor, and William Timberlake. "Rubbings deposited by cats elicit defensive behavior in rats." Physiology & Behavior 107, no. 5 (2012): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.007.
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Soh, Katsutoshi, Yusuke Morita, and Hiroyoshi Sei. "Relationship between eye movements and oneiric behavior in cats." Physiology & Behavior 52, no. 3 (1992): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(92)90346-4.
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