Academic literature on the topic 'Cats – Diseases, Feline Medicine, Kidney Diseases – veterinary, Renal failure'

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common hereditary diseases in cats, with high prevalence in Persian and Persian-related cats. PKD is caused mainly by an inherited autosomal dominant (AD) mutation, and animals may be asymptomatic for years. We screened 16 cats from various breeds exhibiting a renal abnormality by ultrasound examination and genotyped them for the c.10063C>A transversion on exon 29 of the polycystin-1 ( PKD1) gene, by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Among these cats, a Siamese nuclear family of 4 cats with ancestral hereditary renal failure were screened by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to determine novel variations in genes associated with both AD and autosomal recessive PKD in humans. During the study period, one cat died as a result of renal failure and was forwarded for autopsy. Additionally, we screened 294 cats asymptomatic for renal disease (Angora, Van, Persian, Siamese, Scottish Fold, Exotic Shorthair, British Shorthair, and mixed breeds) to determine the prevalence of the mutation in cats in Turkey. Ten of the symptomatic and 2 of the asymptomatic cats carried the heterozygous C → A transversion, indicating a prevalence of 62.5% and 0.68%, respectively. In the WGS analysis of 4 cats in the Siamese nuclear family, novel variations were determined in the fibrocystin gene ( PKHD1), which was not compatible with dominant inheritance of PKD.

ABSTRACT: Acute phase proteins (APP) are proteins synthesized and released largely by hepatocytes upon the occurrence of cell damage or invasion by microorganisms. This article reviews the use of APP in feline diseases, identifying their usefulness in the clinical setting, analyzing 55 published papers. Serum amyloid A, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin are the indicators pointed out by the authors as useful in monitoring the acute inflammatory response in cats. Although, APP measurement is still not routinely used in veterinary medicine, together with clinical signs and other blood parameters, was of clinical interest and applicability in diseases such as feline infectious peritonitis, pancreatitis, renal failure, retroviral and Calicivirus infections. Although, there are commercially available kits for dosing feline APP, assay standardization aiming technical simplicity, more species specificity and with less associated costs will allow routine use in feline practice, as it is done in the human field.

Orientação : Nuno Gonçalo Ferreira Cardoso ; co-orientação : Fausto Brandão ; responsável externo : Jorge Cid<br>A insuficiência renal crónica (IRC) é uma das doenças renais que afecta com mais incidência os animais de companhia, sendo a doença renal frequentemente mais diagnosticada no gato. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu determinar a distribuição de ocorrência dos diferentes níveis de estadiamento em pacientes diagnosticados com doença renal crónica, identificar os sinais mais comuns na apresentação clínica, avaliar os parâmetros bioquímicos e clínicos abrangidos no estadiamento e substadiamento, caracterizar os diversos estadios de doença de acordo com as características individuais (sexo, raça e idade), e determinar a existência de relação entre os parâmetros anteriores com o desenvolvimento e duração temporal de doença. O estudo contemplou uma amostra aleatória de 100 gatos com Insuficiência Renal Crónica (IRC) apresentados à consulta ou internados no Hospital Veterinário do Restelo, no período compreendido de Abril de 2011 a Maio de 2012 inclusive. Os animais foram estadiados e subestadiados segundo os valores propostos pela International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). O estudo serviu ainda, para compreender algumas limitações associadas aos exames complementares necessários ao estadiamento e subestadiamento da doença, que podem limitar um diagnóstico precoce. No estudo foi possível verificar que da distribuição de faixas etárias, os geriátricos são mais afectados, assim como o sinal clínico mais apresentado pelos pacientes foi PU/PD, seguido de anorexia e vómito. A maioria dos felinos encontra-se no estádio II (azotémia renal ligeira), vindo o número de indivíduos a diminuir com o aumento do grau dos estadios de doença.<br>Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) is one of the renal diseases that has more incidence in small animals, being the most often diagnosed renal disease in cats. The objective of this study consisted in determining the distribution of the occurrence of the different levels of staging in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, identifying the most common clinical symptoms present in the clinical presentation, evaluating the biochemical and clinical parameters included in the staging and understaging, characterizing the different stages of the disease in accordance with individual characteristics (sex, race and age), and determining the existing relationship between the previous parameters and the development and time duration of the disease. The study contemplated a random sample of 100 cats with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) which attended consultations or were hospitalized at HVR during the period from between April 2011 and May 2012. The animals were staged and understaged in accordance with values proposed by the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). The study also permitted the understanding of certain limitations associated with the complementary exams required for the staging and understaging of the disease, which may limit an early diagnosis. It was possible to verify from the study that, based on the age analysis distribution, the older aged are more affected, the most common symptom presented by patients was the PU/PD, followed by anorexia and vomiting. The majority of the cats were at stage II (light kidney azotemia), with the number of individuals decreasing in proportion to the increase in the stage of the disease.

Orientação : Margarida Alves ; co-orientação : Pedro Alenquer<br>A anemia secundária à insuficiência renal crónica (IRC) pode afectar até 65% dos gatos, sendo mais comum nos estádios mais avançados da doença renal. A diminuição da produção de eritropoietina, por parte dos rins, é a principal etiologia desta doença. Contudo, outros mecanismos como inflamação, retenção de inibidores de eritropoiese no plasma ou soro urémico, desenvolvimento de hiperparatiroidismo renal secundário, diminuição do tempo de sobrevivência dos eritrócitos e perda de sangue, também contribuem para a patogénese da anemia secundária a insuficiência renal crónica. A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do estágio curricular final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária e teve como objetivos a determinação da prevalência de anemia em gatos com diagnóstico de insuficiência renal crónica e a avaliação da relação entre o estadiamento da doença renal e a gravidade de anemia. Para tal, foram estudados, retrospetivamente, 39 gatos com IRC apresentados a consulta ou internados no Hospital Veterinário CASVET em Cascais durante um período de dois anos, entre abril de 2012 e abril de 2014. Na amostra estudada no presente trabalho, 33% dos gatos apresentava anemia e, quanto mais avançado o estádio de insuficiência renal crónica, maior a proporção de doentes com anemia em cada estádio. Não se verificou, no entanto, uma relação positiva entre estádios mais avançados de doença renal e gravidade de anemia, uma vez que a maior parte dos gatos apresentava anemia ligeira, independentemente do estádio.<br>The anemia of chronic kidney failure (CKF) may affect up to 65% of cats, and its occurrence is more frequent as renal disease worsens. The main etiology of this disease is reduced production of erythropoietin, which is the hormone produced by the kidneys. Furthermore, additional mechanisms such as inflammation, retention of inhibitors of erythropoiesis in uremic plasma or serum, development of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism, shortened red blood cells survival and blood loss, may also contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic kidney disease. This paper was developed as part of the curricular internship for the Master’s degree in Veterinary Medicine and its main goals were to determine the prevalence of anemia in the subjects from the sample and to assess the relationship between the staging of renal disease and the severity of anemia. To do so, a retrospective analysis was developed based on a sample of 39 cats with a previous diagnosis of chronic kidney failure, presented at consultation or hospitalized at the Veterinary Hospital CASVET located in Cascais in a two year period, between April 2012 and April 2014. In the studied population, 33% of the cats had anemia and the later stages of CKF presented a higher proportion of animals with anemia. However, positive correlation between later stages of renal disease and the severity of anemia was not observed, since the majority of subjects from all stages had mild anemia.