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1
Bokulich, Alisa. "Horizontal Models: From Bakers to Cats." Philosophy of Science 70, no. 3 (July 2003): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/376927.
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Nelson, Richard W., and Claudia E. Reusch. "ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE: Classification and etiology of diabetes in dogs and cats." Journal of Endocrinology 222, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): T1—T9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-14-0202.
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Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in dogs and cats. The most common form of diabetes in dogs resembles type 1 diabetes in humans. Studies suggest that genetics, an immune-mediated component, and environmental factors are involved in the development of diabetes in dogs. A variant of gestational diabetes also occurs in dogs. The most common form of diabetes in cats resembles type 2 diabetes in humans. A major risk factor in cats is obesity. Obese cats have altered expression of several insulin signaling genes and glucose transporters and are leptin resistant. Cats also form amyloid deposits within the islets of the pancreas and develop glucotoxicity when exposed to prolonged hyperglycemia. This review will briefly summarize our current knowledge about the etiology of diabetes in dogs and cats and illustrate the similarities among dogs, cats, and humans.
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Oshima, Eiji, Nobukata Urabe, Koh Shingu, and Kenjiro Mori. "Anticonvulsant Actions of Enflurane on Epilepsy Models in Cats." Anesthesiology 63, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198507000-00005.
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Haskins, M. E., E. J. Otis, J. E. Hayden, P. F. Jezyk, and L. Stramm. "Hepatic Storage of Glycosaminoglycans in Feline and Canine Models of Mucopolysaccharidoses I, VI, and VII." Veterinary Pathology 29, no. 2 (March 1992): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589202900203.
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Livers from normal cats and dogs, cats with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) I and VI, and dogs with MPS VII were analyzed biochemically and morphometrically to determine the lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in these animal models of human genetic disease. Analyses were performed on liver samples from seven normal cats ranging in age from 13 weeks to 15 months; six MPS I-affected cats ranging in age from 10 weeks to 26 months; four MPS VI-affected cats ranging in age from 9 months to 32 months; four normal dogs ranging in age from 1 month to 47 months; and three MPS VII-affected dogs, 5 days, 11 days, and 14 months of age. All of the animals were from the breeding colony at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine and were maintained in accordance with national standards for the care and use of laboratory animals. Each GAG subclass was quantitated, and total GAG concentration was determined. Liver from cats with MPS I had the highest total GAG concentration (5.7 times that of the control), followed by liver from dogs with MPS VII (1.8 times) and cats with MPS VI (1.5 times). These data were very closely correlated ( R2 = 0.982) with the results of the morphometric analyses of hepatocyte and Kupffer cell vacuolation associated with lysosomal storage and support the validity of both methods. This is particularly important for the quantification of total and individual GAG concentrations in tissue preparations. The values obtained should prove useful in future assessments of therapeutic regimes, such as enzyme replacement, bone marrow transplantation, and gene therapy, for these genetic diseases.
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Peterson, Mark E. "ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE: Feline hyperthyroidism: an animal model for toxic nodular goiter." Journal of Endocrinology 223, no. 2 (November 2014): T97—T114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-14-0461.
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Since first discovered just 35 years ago, the incidence of spontaneous feline hyperthyroidism has increased dramatically to the extent that it is now one of the most common disorders seen in middle-aged to senior domestic cats. Hyperthyroid cat goiters contain single or multiple autonomously (i.e. TSH-independent) functioning and growing thyroid nodules. Thus, hyperthyroidism in cats is clinically and histologically similar to toxic nodular goiter in humans. The disease in cats is mechanistically different from Graves' disease, because neither the hyperfunction nor growth of these nodules depends on extrathyroidal circulating stimulators. The basic lesion appears to be an excessive intrinsic growth capacity of some thyroid cells, but iodine deficiency, other nutritional goitrogens, or environmental disruptors may play a role in the disease pathogenesis. Clinical features of feline toxic nodular goiter include one or more palpable thyroid nodules, together with signs of hyperthyroidism (e.g. weight loss despite an increased appetite). Diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism is confirmed by finding the increased serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, undetectable serum TSH concentrations, or increased thyroid uptake of radioiodine. Thyroid scintigraphy demonstrates a heterogeneous pattern of increased radionuclide uptake, most commonly into both thyroid lobes. Treatment options for toxic nodular goiter in cats are similar to that used in humans and include surgical thyroidectomy, radioiodine, and antithyroid drugs. Most authorities agree that ablative therapy with radioiodine is the treatment of choice for most cats with toxic nodular goiter, because the animals are older, and the disease will never go into remission.
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Sławuta, Piotr, Agnieszka Sikorska-Kopyłowicz, and Grzegorz Sapikowski. "Diagnostic utility of different models used to assess the acid–base balance in cats with chronic kidney disease." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 68, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2020.00032.
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AbstractMetabolic acidosis is diagnosed based on the concentration of bicarbonate ions and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, although acid–base balance (ABB) disorders may also be diagnosed based on the serum ion concentrations in order to determine the values of strong ion difference (SID), anion gap (AG), corrected anion gap (AGcorr) and chloride/sodium ratio (Cl−/Na+). The aim of this study was to assess and compare the classic model, the value of the AG, AGcorr, and Cl−/Na+ in the diagnosis of ABB disorders in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study group consisted of 80 cats with CKD, divided into four groups based on the guidelines of the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). The control group (C) included 20 healthy cats. Metabolic acidosis – diagnosed based on the classic model (Hendersson–Hasselbalch equation) – was found in IRIS group IV. AG, AGcorr, SID calculated for IRIS groups II, III and IV were lower than in group C, while the value of AGdiff and Cl−/Na+ in those groups was higher than in group C. We can conclude that ABB analysis using the classic model enabled the detection of ABB disorders in cats in stage IV CKD. However, the analysis of the AG, AGcorr and Cl−/Na+ values enabled the diagnosis of acid–base balance disorders in cats with IRIS stage II, III and IV CKD.
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Southerden, Peter, and Duncan M. Barnes. "Caudal mandibular fracture repair using three-dimensional printing, presurgical plate contouring and a preformed template to aid anatomical fracture reduction." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 4, no. 2 (July 2018): 205511691879887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116918798875.
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Case summary Two cats were presented with mandibular fractures following head trauma. Following a CT scan, both were diagnosed with fractures of the ramus. The CT scans were used to print three-dimensional (3D) models of the mandibular fractures, which were used to pre-contour stainless steel mini-plates. These were fixed to the models and the screw positions used to produce a stainless steel template. The template was used as a pattern during surgery to drill holes in the ramus so that the pre-contoured mini-plates could be fixed in the exact same position as they had been on the 3D model. The fractures healed in both cats achieving normal jaw function and occlusion. Relevance and novel information Conventional techniques used to treat caudal mandibular fractures in cats, such as maxillomandibular fixation and bignathic encircling and retaining device (BEARD), are associated with significant patient morbidity and postoperative complications. Internal rigid fixation is difficult because of small bone size, requirement for considerable plate contouring and difficulty in achieving accurate anatomical reduction of caudal mandibular fractures. These are the first reported cases of mini-plate fixation of caudal mandibular fractures in cats using 3D models, pre-contouring of bone plates and the use of a template to facilitate accurate plate positioning, which may provide an alternative technique suitable for fixing caudal mandibular fractures in cats.
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Leong, Kirsten M., Ashley R. Gramza, and Christopher A. Lepczyk. "Understanding conflicting cultural models of outdoor cats to overcome conservation impasse." Conservation Biology 34, no. 5 (June 27, 2020): 1190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13530.
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Wichard, Jörg D., and Maciej Ogorzałek. "Time series prediction with ensemble models applied to the CATS benchmark." Neurocomputing 70, no. 13-15 (August 2007): 2371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2005.12.136.
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Bianchi, Carlo, Pasquale Cirillo, Mauro Gallegati, and Pietro A. Vagliasindi. "Validation in agent-based models: An investigation on the CATS model." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 67, no. 3-4 (September 2008): 947–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2007.08.008.
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Khorozyan, Igor, Tanja Lumetsberger, Arash Ghoddousi, Mahmood Soofi, and Matthias Waltert. "Global patterns in biomass models describing prey consumption by big cats." Mammal Review 47, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12084.
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Cavender, Catlyn, Linley Mangini, Jeremy L. Van Vleet, Carley Corado, Emma McCullagh, Heather L. Gray-Edwards, Douglas R. Martin, Brett E. Crawford, and Roger Lawrence. "Natural history study of glycan accumulation in large animal models of GM2 gangliosidoses." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): e0243006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243006.
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β-hexosaminidase is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of gangliosides, glycans, and other glycoconjugates containing β-linked hexosamines that enter the lysosome. GM2 gangliosidoses, such as Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff, are lysosomal storage disorders characterized by β-hexosaminidase deficiency and subsequent lysosomal accumulation of its substrate metabolites. These two diseases result in neurodegeneration and early mortality in children. A significant difference between these two disorders is the accumulation in Sandhoff disease of soluble oligosaccharide metabolites that derive from N- and O-linked glycans. In this paper we describe our results from a longitudinal biochemical study of a feline model of Sandhoff disease and an ovine model of Tay-Sachs disease to investigate the accumulation of GM2/GA2 gangliosides, a secondary biomarker for phospholipidosis, bis-(monoacylglycero)-phosphate, and soluble glycan metabolites in both tissue and fluid samples from both animal models. While both Sandhoff cats and Tay-Sachs sheep accumulated significant amounts of GM2 and GA2 gangliosides compared to age-matched unaffected controls, the Sandhoff cats having the more severe disease, accumulated larger amounts of gangliosides compared to Tay-Sachs sheep in their occipital lobes. For monitoring glycan metabolites, we developed a quantitative LC/MS assay for one of these free glycans in order to perform longitudinal analysis. The Sandhoff cats showed significant disease-related increases in this glycan in brain and in other matrices including urine which may provide a useful clinical tool for measuring disease severity and therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we observed age-dependent increasing accumulation for a number of analytes, especially in Sandhoff cats where glycosphingolipid, phospholipid, and glycan levels showed incremental increases at later time points without signs of peaking. This large animal natural history study for Sandhoff and Tay-Sachs is the first of its kind, providing insight into disease progression at the biochemical level. This report may help in the development and testing of new therapies to treat these disorders.
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A. Bouhenni, Rachida, Jeffrey Dunmire, Abby Sewell, and Deepak P. Edward. "Animal Models of Glaucoma." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/692609.
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Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of disorders that progressively lead to blindness due to loss of retinal ganglion cells and damage to the optic nerve. It is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Although research in the field of glaucoma is substantial, the pathophysiologic mechanisms causing the disease are not completely understood. A wide variety of animal models have been used to study glaucoma. These include monkeys, dogs, cats, rodents, and several other species. Although these models have provided valuable information about the disease, there is still no ideal model for studying glaucoma due to its complexity. In this paper we present a summary of most of the animal models that have been developed and used for the study of the different types of glaucoma, the strengths and limitations associated with each species use, and some potential criteria to develop a suitable model.
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Osto, Melania, and Thomas A. Lutz. "Translational value of animal models of obesity—Focus on dogs and cats." European Journal of Pharmacology 759 (July 2015): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.036.
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Sheaffer, Heather. "Implementing psychosocial distress screening across a health system: Herding cats or herding cats?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.7_suppl.113.
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113 Background: With the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer 2015 Standards in hand, Penn Medicine embarked on a project to formulate an entity-wide plan for the provision of psychosocial distress screening. Identifying psychosocial distress and providing resources to meet those needs is an essential component of quality cancer care. Penn Medicine and the Abramson Cancer Center provided more than 91,000 chemotherapy treatments, 121,000 radiation treatments, and 14,000 proton therapy treatments in FY 15 in urban, suburban and rural settings with wide variations in resources. Methods: The establishment of the Psychosocial Distress Task Force was the key to the success of the project. Participants from multiple disciplines were invited from each facility including identified stakeholders and those with experience screening patients. After reviewing the literature, the task force set the agenda for the project including what tool to utilize for screening, when to screen, who will respond and what metrics would be evaluated. Results: Penn Medicine successfully developed a process for psychosocial distress screening across the health system by the 2015 deadline. The process includes screening all first return medical oncology patients for distress using the PHQ-4 and documenting the results in either the EMR or in the paper chart depending on the facility. The screening results then trigger a consult to social work where the patients are assessed using a standardized social work assessment developed by the task force for use by all oncology social workers across the system to standardize care. Conclusions: Given the scope of Penn Medicine oncology and the diversity of locations and staff models, formulating a plan for the provision of psychosocial distress screening presented a major challenge to the organization. This challenge was met through the establishment of a system-wide task force who planned and implemented distress screening across entity in a cohesive, coordinated way meeting the 2015 Standard.
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Lothrop, CD Jr, ZS al-Lebban, GP Niemeyer, JB Jones, MG Peterson, JR Smith, HJ Baker, RA Morgan, MA Eglitis, and WF Anderson. "Expression of a foreign gene in cats reconstituted with retroviral vector infected autologous bone marrow." Blood 78, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.1.237.237.
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Abstract A Moloney murine leukemia virus based retroviral vector was used to transfer the bacterial neomycin resistance gene (neoR) into feline hematopoietic cells. We reconstituted four cats that had been lethally irradiated with autologous bone marrow that had been infected with the N2 or SAX retroviral vector. Bone marrow cells from all four cats expressed the neoR gene 30 days posttransplant and three of four cats still had the neoR gene and a low level of drug resistant colony- forming unit granulocyte-macrophage after more than 200 days. Two of the four cats unexpectedly developed diabetes mellitus 90 days posttransplantation. The expression of a foreign gene in cats, albeit at a low level, demonstrates that retroviral vectors can be used for gene transfer in noninbred large animal species and may be useful for gene therapy of humans. The development of diabetes mellitus in two of the subjects emphasizes the value of animal models for the study of possible deleterious effects of retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer.
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Lothrop, CD Jr, ZS al-Lebban, GP Niemeyer, JB Jones, MG Peterson, JR Smith, HJ Baker, RA Morgan, MA Eglitis, and WF Anderson. "Expression of a foreign gene in cats reconstituted with retroviral vector infected autologous bone marrow." Blood 78, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.1.237.bloodjournal781237.
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A Moloney murine leukemia virus based retroviral vector was used to transfer the bacterial neomycin resistance gene (neoR) into feline hematopoietic cells. We reconstituted four cats that had been lethally irradiated with autologous bone marrow that had been infected with the N2 or SAX retroviral vector. Bone marrow cells from all four cats expressed the neoR gene 30 days posttransplant and three of four cats still had the neoR gene and a low level of drug resistant colony- forming unit granulocyte-macrophage after more than 200 days. Two of the four cats unexpectedly developed diabetes mellitus 90 days posttransplantation. The expression of a foreign gene in cats, albeit at a low level, demonstrates that retroviral vectors can be used for gene transfer in noninbred large animal species and may be useful for gene therapy of humans. The development of diabetes mellitus in two of the subjects emphasizes the value of animal models for the study of possible deleterious effects of retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer.
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Andersen, L. A., J. K. Levy, C. M. McManus, S. P. McGorray, C. M. Leutenegger, J. Piccione, L. K. Blackwelder, and S. J. Tucker. "Prevalence of enteropathogens in cats with and without diarrhea in four different management models for unowned cats in the southeast United States." Veterinary Journal 236 (June 2018): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.04.008.
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Lin, Xiangtao, Yuchun Tang, Bo Sun, Zhongyu Hou, Haiwei Meng, Zhenping Li, Qingwei Liu, and Shuwei Liu. "Cerebral glucose metabolism: Influence on perihematomal edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage in cat models." Acta Radiologica 51, no. 5 (June 2010): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02841851003660065.
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Background: Most intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) imaging studies focus on structural brain changes. Stereotactic neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are helpful in the diagnosis of ICH, monitoring the subsequent recovery and investigating its functional mechanisms. Purpose: To explore the influence of the changes in cerebral glucose metabolism on perihematomal edema formation in an experimental cat model of ICH. Material and Methods: Forty-eight cats were divided into 1 sham operation group (6 cats) and 7 ICH model groups (42 cats)”. The ICH model groups were injected with 1.0 ml autologous nonheparinized blood into their thalami using accurate stereotactic guidance apparatus. MRI and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT scans were acquired at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h following the intervention. Pearson's correlation test was used to evaluate the association between T2-weighted signal intensity and the edema volume. Student's t test and q test were used to identify the times of significant temporal changes. Results: The volume of perilesional edema did not significantly increase from 2 h to 12 h after ICH, but then increased by 229.4% at 24 h, peaked (by 273.5%), and steadily decreased by 72 h. The FDG intensity in perihematomal edema tissues was markedly reduced 2 h after ICH on PET images, reached its lowest level at 12 h, and then steadily increased at 24 h and 48 h. The changes of standard absorption value (SUV) in perihematomal edema were consistent with those of FDG intensity. Conclusion: Perihematomal glucose metabolism abnormalities have a close relationship with the formation of vasogenic edema. Furthermore, abnormal glucose metabolism may impair capillary integrity and increase blood–brain barrier permeability.
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C. Hess, Steven, Paul C. Banko, and Heidi Hansen. "An Adaptive Strategy for Reducing Feral Cat Predation on Endangered Hawaiian Birds." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 1 (2009): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090056.
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Despite the long history of Feral Cats Felis catus in Hawai?i, there has been little research to provide strategies to improve control programmes and reduce depredation on endangered species. Our objective was to develop a predictive model to determine how landscape features on Mauna Kea, such as habitat, elevation, and proximity to roads, may affect the number of Feral Cats captured at each trap. We used log-link generalized linear models and QAICc model ranking criteria to determine the effect of these factors. We found that the number of cats captured per trap was related to effort, habitat type, and whether traps were located on the West or North Slope of Mauna Kea. We recommend an adaptive management strategy to minimize trapping interference by non-target Small Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus with toxicants, to focus trapping efforts in Mamane Sophora chrysophylla habitat on the West slope of Mauna Kea, and to cluster traps near others that have previously captured multiple cats.
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McDonald, Peter J., Alistair Stewart, Melissa A. Jensen, and Hugh W. McGregor. "Topographic complexity potentially mediates cat predation risk for a critically endangered rodent." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19172.
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ContextThe niche reduction hypothesis (NRH) predicts that the realised niche of declining species is reduced by threats that are mediated by environmental, biotic and evolutionary processes, explaining why species decline in some locations but not others. The critically endangered central rock-rat (CRR) survives only in rugged mountain range habitat in central Australia and is highly vulnerable to cat predation. We predicted that cat density and ranging behaviour, and, hence, predation risk, is mediated by habitat complexity, thus explaining the mechanism maintaining the CRR refuge. AimsWe sought to determine whether cat densities were lower in the rugged CRR refuge than in an adjacent valley dominated by less complex rocky habitats and no longer occupied by CRRs. MethodsWe installed arrays of camera traps along two parallel mountain ranges in the refuge and in the intervening valley habitats. We identified uniquely patterned individual cats and compared spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models to evaluate our hypothesis that cat density varies with topographic complexity. Key resultsThe dominant effect in all models was the significant negative relationship between cat detection probability and fine-scale topographic ruggedness. Two of the best three SECR models indicated lower cat densities and relative home-range sizes in the refuge than in the valley. In total, 17% of cats were detected in both habitat types. ConclusionsWe found some evidence that cat density and home-range size were mediated by habitat complexity. Further, the negative relationship between cat detection probability and topographic complexity suggests that cats spend less time foraging in CRR refuge habitat. ImplicationsCat management programs, aimed at reducing predation pressure on the CRR, must include the refuge and surrounding habitats to control cats that pose a threat to CRR subpopulations.
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Navarro, Juan-José, and Catalina V. Mourgues-Codern. "Dynamic Assessment and Computerized Adaptive Tests in Reading Processes." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 17, no. 1 (December 2018): 70–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.17.1.70.
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The development of novel educational assessment models founded on item response theory (IRT), as well as software tools designed to implement these models, has contributed to the surge in computerized adaptive tests (CATs). The distinguishing characteristic of CATs is that the sequence of items on a test progressively adapts to the performance levels of students as they are taking it. An important advantage of CATs is that they can reduce the duration of the assessment by automatically excluding in real time those items that are either too easy or too hard for a student’s capabilities. Furthermore, a CAT can provide real-time feedback to students based on their ongoing performance on the test. More recently, dynamic CATs have emerged that include special features (e.g., graduated prompts, pretest and posttest assessment items, cognitive scaffolding items) to assess the proximal development zone of the students. This allows test administrators to obtain information about the kind and level of mediation required by the students to reach their optimal performance. The following article presents some initial results from the experimental application of a computerized adaptive dynamic assessment battery of reading processes in a sample of Spanish-speaking elementary school students. Specifically, the aim was to analyze the effect of the graduated prompts implemented in a syntactic awareness test on the results obtained. In addition, preliminary results regarding the predictive and incremental validity of dynamic scores on reading competence are presented and discussed.
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Mishra, Rama, Birendra Gautam, Prativa Kaspal, and Shyam Kumar Shah. "Population status and threats to fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Eastern Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v5i1.38284.
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Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) in eastern Terai of Nepal is believed to hold a relatively healthy population of vulnerable fishing cats but has remained unexplored. We conducted camera trapping and questionnaire survey in KTWR and its buffer zone in the winter of 2016 and 2017 to estimate the population status and threats to fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus. Camera trapping was conducted in 2016 on fish farms in the eastern buffer zone where we found a minimum of nine fishing cat individuals visiting the surveyed fish ponds. The frequency of their visits to fish ponds varied 0–5 (average 2) nights during seven active camera trap nights. A survey in the second year (2017) covered the entire reserve. Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture models estimated a population of 20 fishing cats with density of 8.4/100 km2 in KTWR and the eastern buffer zone. We interviewed 50 fish farmers to understand the people’s perceptions towards fishing cats. More than 40% of the respondents reported fishing cats consuming fish from their farm. Retaliation and road kills were documented as major threats of fishing cats in the study area. The population of the fishing cat is found dependent partially on fish ponds, indicating the possibility of conflict with fish farmers. We recommend the detailed study on the movement of fishing cats between the reserve and fish farming area in the buffer zone.
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Losken, Albert, Mark P. Mooney, and Michael I. Siegel. "Comparative Cephalometric Study of Nasal Cavity Growth Patterns in Seven Animal Models." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 31, no. 1 (January 1994): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1994_031_0017_ccsonc_2.3.co_2.
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Although primates have been the craniofacial growth models of choice, recent circumstances have stimulated the search for nonprimate models. In a series of studies we have described changes in various regions of the craniofacial complex for seven commonly used animal models. The present study examined the bony nasal cavity. One hundred and forty-four serial and cross-sectional lateral head x-rays were obtained for unoperated controls from previous growth studies. The sample consisted of data from 26 rats, 21 rabbits, 21 domestic cats, 23 domestic dogs, 17 baboons, 16 rhesus monkeys, and 20 chimpanzees. Comparative human data was taken from the Bolton Standards. The samples were divided into three age categories based on dental and somatic development. Midsagittal nasal cavity measurements included length, height, shape index, and area. Analysis was based on the percent increase in measures from the Infant condition. Three major shapes were discerned at adulthood (1) vertical quadrangles (humans and cats); (2) triangles (chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and baboons), and (3) horizontal quadrangles (rabbits, rats, and dogs). Results showed that overall shape was best modeled by the chimpanzee and, as a nonprimate model, the laboratory cat. Rabbits and rats also showed similar percent changes for length or height dimensions at different ages, suggesting that these animals may be acceptable, inexpensive alternatives to primates in some experimental situations.
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Shivacheva, Galya, and Miroslav Vasilev. "SELECTION OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE USE OF ENROFLOXACIN IN CATS." Applied Researches in Technics, Technologies and Education 7, no. 4 (2019): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/artte.2019.04.006.
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The process of changing the concentration of enrofloxacin in blood plasma in cats after single intravenous injection was identified by three mathematical models - algebraic and two models represented respectively by a first order differential equation and a second order differential equation. In order to select the best model of the three, the Akaike information criterion corrected is used. With the most identification parameters differs the model based on a second-order differential equation. The lowest value of the Akaike information criterion corrected was also obtained with it. This fact gives reason to choose it for the best model for describing the research process.
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Shivacheva, Galya, and Miroslav Vasilev. "SELECTION OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE USE OF ENROFLOXACIN IN CATS." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, ICTTE 2019 (2019): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2019.02.053.
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The process of changing the concentration of enrofloxacin in blood plasma in cats after single intravenous injection was identified by three mathematical models - algebraic and two models represented respectively by a first order differential equation and a second order differential equation. In order to select the best model of the three, the Akaike information criterion corrected is used. With the most identification parameters differs the model based on a second-order differential equation. The lowest value of the Akaike information criterion corrected was also obtained with it. This fact gives reason to choose it for the best model for describing the research process.
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Prochazka, Arthur, and Monica Gorassini. "Models of ensemble firing of muscle spindle afferents recorded during normal locomotion in cats." Journal of Physiology 507, no. 1 (February 1998): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.277bu.x.
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Baquero, Oswaldo Santos, Evelyn Nestori Chiozzotto, Rita de Cassia Maria Garcia, Marcos Amaku, and Fernando Ferreira. "Demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats of Votorantim, São Paulo State, Brazil." Ciência Rural 45, no. 11 (November 2015): 2039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141646.
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A two-stage cluster sample design was used to estimate population parameters of dogs and cats of the urban area of Votorantim, São Paulo State, Brazil, to support the planning and implementation of population management programs for companion animals. For dogs, the total and density estimates were 27,241 dogs (95% confidence interval [CI]=23,903-30,578) and 951 dogs km-2 (95% CI=835-1,068), respectively. For cats, these estimates were 5,579 cats (95% CI=3,595-7,562) and 195 cats km-2 (95% CI=126-264). Cost was the most prevalent reason for not sterilizing the animals (33%, 95% CI=23%-44%, Deff=6.1). The percentage of interviewees that expressed reasons for abandoning their animals was equal to 9 (95% CI=5-13, Deff=2.1). Other estimates were obtained, including indirect estimates of abandonment. The estimates associated with abandonment suggest that the prevalence of this phenomenon can significantly affect population dynamics. Distribution of dogs per household can be used to construct hypothetical populations and to validate estimation procedures. The estimates generated allow parameterizing mathematical models and constructing population management indicators
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Tseng, Z. Jack, Xiaoming Wang, Graham J. Slater, Gary T. Takeuchi, Qiang Li, Juan Liu, and Guangpu Xie. "Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1774 (January 7, 2014): 20132686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2686.
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Pantherine felids (‘big cats’) include the largest living cats, apex predators in their respective ecosystems. They are also the earliest diverging living cat lineage, and thus are important for understanding the evolution of all subsequent felid groups. Although the oldest pantherine fossils occur in Africa, molecular phylogenies point to Asia as their region of origin. This paradox cannot be reconciled using current knowledge, mainly because early big cat fossils are exceedingly rare and fragmentary. Here, we report the discovery of a fossil pantherine from the Tibetan Himalaya, with an age of Late Miocene–Early Pliocene, replacing African records as the oldest pantherine. A ‘total evidence’ phylogenetic analysis of pantherines indicates that the new cat is closely related to the snow leopard and exhibits intermediate characteristics on the evolutionary line to the largest cats. Historical biogeographic models provide robust support for the Asian origin of pantherines. The combined analyses indicate that 75% of the divergence events in the pantherine lineage extended back to the Miocene, up to 7 Myr earlier than previously estimated. The deeper evolutionary origin of big cats revealed by the new fossils and analyses indicate a close association between Tibetan Plateau uplift and diversification of the earliest living cats.
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Roberts, Claire, Tim Gruffydd-Jones, Jessica L. Williams, and Jane K. Murray. "Influence of living in a multicat household on health and behaviour in a cohort of cats from the United Kingdom." Veterinary Record 187, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104801.
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BackgroundLiving in a multicat household has been implicated as a risk factor for various feline issues, but evidence is often anecdotal or based on retrospective studies.MethodsData from the Bristol Cats Study, a UK longitudinal study of pet cats, were used. Cats were included if they had remained in either a single cat or multicat household between questionnaires 1 (two months old to four months old) and 5 (two-and-a-half years old). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse associations between single cat/multicat households and measures of health and behaviour (overweight/obesity, abscesses/cat bites, negative interactions with owner and periuria). Multicat households were also subcategorised according to whether owners had reported agonistic behaviour between household cats.ResultsThere was no evidence of association between household type and the likelihood of obesity, abscesses or periuria. The likelihood of negative interactions with the owner (eg, growling or hissing) was influenced by the cats’ relationships; cats in non-agonistic multicat households had decreased odds of negative interactions with the owner, compared with single and agonistic multicat households (P<0.001).ConclusionLiving in a multicat households per se was not a risk factor for the health and behaviour issues investigated, but the intercat relationship is important.
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Rossignol, S., E. Brustein, L. Bouyer, D. Barthélemy, C. Langlet, and H. Leblond. "Adaptive changes of locomotion after central and peripheral lesions." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, no. 8-9 (July 1, 2004): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y04-068.
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This paper reviews findings on the adaptive changes of locomotion in cats after spinal cord or peripheral nerve lesions. From the results obtained after lesions of the ventral/ventrolateral pathways or the dorsal/dorsolateral pathways, we conclude that with extensive but partial spinal lesions, cats can regain voluntary quadrupedal locomotion on a treadmill. Although tract-specific deficits remain after such lesions, intact descending tracts can compensate for the lesioned tracts and access the spinal network to generate voluntary locomotion. Such neuroplasticity of locomotor control mechanisms is also demonstrated after peripheral nerve lesions in cats with intact or lesioned spinal cords. Some models have shown that recovery from such peripheral nerve lesions probably involves changes at the supra spinal and spinal levels. In the case of somesthesic denervation of the hindpaws, we demonstrated that cats with a complete spinal section need some cutaneous inputs to walk with a plantigrade locomotion, and that even in this spinal state, cats can adapt their locomotion to partial cutaneous denervation. Altogether, these results suggest that there is significant plasticity in spinal and supraspinal locomotor controls to justify the beneficial effects of early proactive and sustained locomotor training after central (Rossignol and Barbeau 1995; Barbeau et al. 1998) or peripheral lesions.Key words: spinal lesions, nerve lesions, locomotion, neuroplisticity, locomotor training.
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Moseby, K. E., H. McGregor, and J. L. Read. "Effectiveness of the Felixer grooming trap for the control of feral cats: a field trial in arid South Australia." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19132.
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Abstract ContextFeral cats pose a significant threat to wildlife in Australia and internationally. Controlling feral cats can be problematic because of their tendency to hunt live prey rather than be attracted to food-based lures. The Felixer grooming trap was developed as a targeted and automated poisoning device that sprays poison onto the fur of a passing cat, relying on compulsive grooming for ingestion. AimsWe conducted a field trial to test the effectiveness of Felixers in the control of feral cats in northern South Australia where feral cats were present within a 2600-ha predator-proof fenced paddock. MethodsTwenty Felixers were set to fire across vehicle tracks and dune crossings for 6 weeks. Cat activity was recorded using track counts and grids of remote camera traps set within the Felixer Paddock and an adjacent 3700-ha Control Paddock where feral cats were not controlled. Radio-collars were placed on six cats and spatial mark–resight models were used to estimate population density before and after Felixer deployment. Key resultsNone of the 1024 non-target objects (bettongs, bilbies, birds, lizards, humans, vehicles) that passed a Felixer during the trial was fired on, confirming high target specificity. Thirty-three Felixer firings were recorded over the 6-week trial, all being triggered by feral cats. The only two radio-collared cats that triggered Felixers during the trial, died. Two other radio-collared cats appeared to avoid Felixer traps possibly as a reaction to previous catching and handling rendering them neophobic. None of the 22 individually distinguishable cats targeted by Felixers was subsequently observed on cameras, suggesting death after firing. Felixer data, activity and density estimates consistently indicated that nearly two-thirds of the cat population was killed by the Felixers during the 6-week trial. ConclusionsResults suggest that Felixers are an effective, target-specific method of controlling feral cats, at least in areas in which immigration is prevented. The firing rate of Felixers did not decline significantly over time, suggesting that a longer trial would have resulted in a higher number of kills. ImplicationsFuture studies should aim to determine the trade-off between Felixer density and the efficacy relative to reinvasion.
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Lavery, Tyrone H., Masaafi Alabai, Piokera Holland, Cornelius Qaqara, and Nelson Vatohi. "Feral cat abundance, density and activity in tropical island rainforests." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19205.
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Abstract ContextIntroduced predators, especially cats, are a major cause of extinction globally. Accordingly, an extensive body of literature has focussed on the ecology and management of feral cats in continental and island systems alike. However, geographic and climatic gaps remain, with few studies focusing on rainforests or tropical islands of the south-western Pacific. AimsWe aimed to estimate cat densities and elucidate activity patterns of cats and sympatric birds and mammals in tropical island rainforests. We hypothesised that cat activity would be most influenced by the activity of introduced rodents and ground-dwelling birds that are predominant prey on islands. MethodsWe used camera traps to detect feral cats, pigs, rodents and birds on four tropical islands in the south-western Pacific. We used spatial capture–recapture models to estimate the abundance and density of feral cats. Relative abundance indices, and temporal overlaps in activity were calculated for feral cats, pigs, rodents, and birds. We used a generalised linear model to test for the influence of pig, rodent, and bird abundance on feral cat abundance. Key resultsThe species most commonly detected by our camera traps was feral cat, with estimated densities between 0.31 and 2.65 individuals km−2. Pigs and introduced rodents were the second- and third-most commonly detected fauna respectively. Cat activity was bimodal, with peaks in the hours before dawn and after dusk. Cat abundance varied with site and the abundance of rodents. ConclusionsFeral cats are abundant in the tropical rainforests of our study islands, where one bird and two mammal species are now presumed extinct. Introduced rodents possibly amplify the abundance and impacts of feral cats at our sites. Peak cat activity following dusk did not clearly overlap with other species detected by our camera traps. We postulate cats may be partly focussed on hunting frogs during this period. ImplicationsCats are likely to be a major threat to the highly endemic fauna of our study region. Management of feral cats will benefit from further consideration of introduced prey such as rodents, and their role in hyperpredation. Island archipelagos offer suitable opportunities to experimentally test predator–prey dynamics involving feral cats.
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Yoshikawa, Tomoki. "Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome." Viruses 13, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040627.
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), is a tick-borne emerging zoonosis with a high case-fatality rate. At present, there is no approved SFTS vaccine, although the development of a vaccine would be one of the best strategies for preventing SFTS. This article focused on studies aimed at establishing small animal models of SFTS that are indispensable for evaluating vaccine candidates, developing these vaccine candidates, and establishing more practical animal models for evaluation. Innate immune-deficient mouse models, a hamster model, an immunocompetent ferret model and a cat model have been developed for SFTS. Several vaccine candidates for SFTS have been developed, and their efficacy has been confirmed using these animal models. The candidates consist of live-attenuated virus-based, viral vector-based, or DNA-based vaccines. SFTS vaccines are expected to be used for humans and companion dogs and cats. Hence for practical use, the vaccine candidates should be evaluated for efficacy using not only nonhuman primates but also dogs and cats. There is no practical nonhuman primate model of SFTS; however, the cat model is available to evaluate the efficacy of these candidate SFTS vaccines on domesticated animals.
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Gaschen, F., L. Gaschen, G. Seiler, M. Welle, V. Bornand Jaunin, D. Gonin Jmaa, G. Neiger-Aeschbacher, and M. Adé-Damilano. "Lethal Peracute Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Stress and General Anesthesia in Three Dystrophin-deficient Cats." Veterinary Pathology 35, no. 2 (March 1998): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589803500205.
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Three cats affected with dystrophin deficiency and hypertrophic muscular dystrophy developed peracute rhabdomyolysis with a fatal outcome. Two cats were anesthetized with isoflurane for routine procedures and did not recover properly from the anesthetic procedure. One cat was manually restrained for an echographic examination and started staggering after a short struggle; its condition worsened, and it died. Blood chemistry findings included severe hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, massive increases in creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, and high ion gap metabolic acidosis. Light microscopic evaluation of skeletal muscle revealed severe acute rhabdomyolysis with marked extensive necrosis of large groups of fibers and endomysial edema. These lesions were observed in many skeletal muscles but particularly in the masseter and supraspinatus muscles and in the diaphragm. Typical changes associated with dystrophin deficiency in cats were also noted. Histochemical analysis revealed that the dystrophin deficiency was associated with a decrease in the percentage of type 1 myofibers in all three cats. This change was marked in the 20-month-old cat and milder in the younger cats (6.5 and 8.5 months of age). Percentages of type 2A fibers were markedly decreased and percentages of type 2X fibers were markedly increased in the younger cats. Rhabdomyolysis has been reported in dystrophinopathic humans but not in other animal models of dystrophin deficiency. An increased sensitivity of the dystrophin-deficient sarcolemmal membrane to volatile anesthetic agents, stress, or intense muscular activity is suspected.
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Heiss, Wolf-Dieter, Rudolf Graf, Jan Löttgen, Kouichi Ohta, Toshiaki Fujita, Rainer Wagner, Martin Grond, and Klaus Weinhard. "Repeat Positron Emission Tomographic Studies in Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Cats: Residual Perfusion and Efficacy of Postischemic Reperfusion." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 17, no. 4 (April 1997): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199704000-00004.
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The wider clinical acceptance of thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke has focused more attention on experimental models of reversible focal ischemia. Such models enable the study of the effect of ischemia of various durations and of reperfusion on the development of infarctions. We used high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) before, during, and up to 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in cats. After determination of resting values, the MCA was occluded by a transorbital device. The MCA was reopened after 30 min in five, after 60 min in 11, and after 120 min in two cats. Whereas all cats survived 30-min MCAO, six died after 60-min and one after 120-min MCAO during 6–20 h of reperfusion. In those cats surviving the first day, infarct size was determined on serial histologic sections. The arterial occlusion immediately reduced CBF in the MCA territory to <40% of control, while CMRO2 was less affected, causing an increase in OEF. Whereas in the cats surviving 24 h of reperfusion after 60- and 120-min MCAO, OEF remained elevated throughout the ischemic episode, the initial OEF increase had already disappeared during the later period of ischemia in those cats that died during the reperfusion period. After 30-min MCAO, the reperfusion period was characterized by a transient reactive hyperemia and fast normalization of CBF, CMRO2, and CMRglc, and no or only small infarcts in the deep nuclei were found in histology. After 60- and 120-min MCAO, the extent of hyperperfusion was related to the severity of ischemia, decreased CMRO2 and CMRglc persisted, and cortical/subcortical infarcts of varying sizes developed. A clear difference was found in the flow/metabolic pattern between surviving and dying cats: In cats dying during the observation period, extended postischemic hyperperfusion accompanied large defects in CMRO2 and CMRglc, large infarcts developed, and intracranial pressure increased fatally. In those surviving the day after MCAO, increased OEF persisted over the ischemic episode, postischemic hyperperfusion was less severe and shorter, and the perfusional and metabolic defects as well as the final infarcts were smaller. These results stress the importance of the severity of ischemia for the further course after reperfusion and help to explain the diverging outcome after thrombolysis, where a relation between the residual flow and the effectiveness of reperfusion was also observed.
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Machado, DS, AFF Bragança, IC Travnik, AP Rossi, and AC Sant'Anna. "Should cats be allowed outdoors? A research survey on animal welfare risks for free-ranging cats in Brazil." Animal Welfare 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.3.011.
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A need exists for research that contributes to estimating the risk factors associated with the management of outdoor cats (Felis silvestris catus) and addresses the lack of such surveys in Brazil and other Latin American countries. With this in mind we aimed to: i) identify the causal factors affecting the practice of owners allowing their cats to roam freely and; ii) evaluate potential welfare risks associated with the allowance of outdoor access, based on cat owners' reports. An online questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was answered by 8,485 Brazilian cat owners and logistic regression models used to obtain odds ratios. A number of the factors significantly related to owners allowing their cats to have outdoor access were unneutered cats, the manner in which the cat was acquired, residence in rural areas, the number of cats owned, the presence of other pets in the house, younger owner age, owner declaration of not being responsible for the cat, owner perception about the role of the cat in the house, owner knowledge about cats' potential for transmitting diseases, a lack of knowledge about zoonoses, and a lack of knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis. The practice of allowing outdoor access was associated with significantly higher odds of owners reporting several welfare issues, such as frequent flea contamination, sporotrichosis, going missing, poisoning, mistreatment, and accidents. We conclude that the practice of allowing outdoor access, as reported by 37.1% of our respondents, may result in risks to feline welfare. Increasing public awareness through campaigns that highlight the risks associated with outdoor access would improve feline management practices and welfare.
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Yang, Shi Da, Ya Lin Yi, and Zhi Yong Shan. "Chaotic Cat Swarm Algorithms for Global Numerical Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1782.
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A novel Chaotic Improved Cat Swarm Algorithm (CCSA) is presented for global optimization. The CSA is a new meta-heuristic optimization developed based on imitating the natural behavior of cats and composed of two sub-models: tracing mode and seeking mode, which model upon the behaviors of cats. Here different chaotic maps are utilized to improve the seeking mode step of the algorithm. Seven different chaotic maps are investigated and the Logistic and Sinusoidal maps are found as the best choices. Comparing the new algorithm with the CSA method demonstrates the superiority of the CCSA for the benchmark functions.
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Jäkel, Lieke, William E. Van Nostrand, James A. R. Nicoll, David J. Werring, and Marcel M. Verbeek. "Animal models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy." Clinical Science 131, no. 19 (September 28, 2017): 2469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20170033.
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), due to vascular amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, is a risk factor for intracerebral haemorrhage and dementia. CAA can occur in sporadic or rare hereditary forms, and is almost invariably associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Experimental (animal) models are of great interest in studying mechanisms and potential treatments for CAA. Naturally occurring animal models of CAA exist, including cats, dogs and non-human primates, which can be used for longitudinal studies. However, due to ethical considerations and low throughput of these models, other animal models are more favourable for research. In the past two decades, a variety of transgenic mouse models expressing the human Aβ precursor protein (APP) has been developed. Many of these mouse models develop CAA in addition to senile plaques, whereas some of these models were generated specifically to study CAA. In addition, other animal models make use of a second stimulus, such as hypoperfusion or hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), to accelerate CAA. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review of existing animal models for CAA, which can aid in understanding the pathophysiology of CAA and explore the response to potential therapies.
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Ross, S., R. Kamnitzer, B. Munkhtsog, and S. Harris. "Den-site selection is critical for Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 9 (September 2010): 905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-056.
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We evaluated the habitat selection of 101 den sites used by 21 individual Pallas’s cats ( Otocolobus manul (Pallas, 1776) = Felis manul Pallas, 1776) in summer, winter, and the maternal period in central Mongolia using generalized linear mixed models. Pallas’s cats used rock crevices and marmot burrows as dens for giving birth, raising young, thermoregulation, feeding, mating, and as important cover from predators. Den sites were selected with higher proportions of rocky and ravine habitats in the surroundings, and in winter Pallas’s cats avoided the presence of humans. Habitat and structural features suggested that dens were selected to minimize predation risk. Selection of dens in shade in summer and the use of insulated dens of Siberian marmots ( Marmota sibirica (Radde, 1862)) in winter indicated that thermal properties may also be important. We contend that dens are a critical habitat for Pallas’s cats and the availability of suitable den sites is critical for the conservation of the species. Repeated use of maternal dens suggested they may be a limiting resource. Although marmot dens are unlikely to be limiting at present, over hunting of marmots is likely to reduce burrow availability in the future.
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Shelton, G. D. "I.I.4 Autoimmune muscle diseases in dogs and cats: Spontaneous models for evaluation of therapies?" Neuromuscular Disorders 23, no. 9-10 (October 2013): 796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2013.06.556.
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Pedersen, N. C., G. A. Dean, J. Bernales, A. Sukura, and J. Higgins. "Listeria monocytogenes and Serratia marcescens infections as models for Th1/Th2 immunity in laboratory cats." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 63, no. 1-2 (May 1998): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00085-3.
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MacEwen, E. Gregory. "Spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats: Models for the study of cancer biology and treatment." CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEW 9, no. 2 (September 1990): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00046339.
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Cruz, Paula, Carlos De Angelo, Julia Martínez Pardo, María Eugenia Iezzi, Diego Varela, Mario S. Di Bitetti, and Agustín Paviolo. "Cats under cover: Habitat models indicate a high dependency on woodlands by Atlantic Forest felids." Biotropica 51, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12635.
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Harvey, Colin E. "Shape and Size of Teeth of Dogs and Cats-Relevance to Studies of Plaque and Calculus Accumulation." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 19, no. 4 (December 2002): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875640201900401.
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Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.
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Blasco, Xavier, Xavier Manteca, Manel López-Béjar, Anaïs Carbajal, Joaquim Castellà, and Anna Ortuño. "Intestinal Parasites and Fecal Cortisol Metabolites in Multi-Unowned-Cat Environments: The Impact of Housing Conditions." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051300.
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Housing conditions were assessed in different unowned multi-cat management models in order to evaluate their impact on the occurrence of intestinal parasites and fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels. Fresh stool fecal samples were collected from rescue shelters, catteries and feline colonies for coprological analyses in order to detect intestinal parasite patency and fecal cortisol metabolites. A questionnaire provided information about the facilities, management and housing conditions of cats, including information about dog exposure, enclosure size, environment enrichment and changes to group composition. Overall, intestinal parasite infection was detected in 58.2% of fecal samples collected. The occurrence of intestinal parasites detected in free-roaming cats was 82.2%, mainly due to helminth infection. The parasite infection rate was 57.3% in rescue shelters and 34.6% in catteries. In confined cats, protozoa infection was more likely detected in rescue shelters than in catteries (RR = 2.02 (1.30–3.14), p = 0.0012). Although the FCM values were very variable between cats, the enclosure size and parasite infection were correlated with the average FCM. A small enclosure size was correlated with high fecal cortisol metabolites (p = 0.016). Protozoa-positive samples showed higher FCM levels than negative samples (p = 0.0150). High dog exposure was statistically associated with protozoa infection (p = 0.0006). The results indicated that improving housing, especially in terms of floor space and avoiding dog exposure, reduces stress and can thus be applied to make control strategies in multi-unowned-cat environments more efficient, especially when cats are confined.
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Miritis, Vivianna, Anthony R. Rendall, Tim S. Doherty, Amy L. Coetsee, and Euan G. Ritchie. "Living with the enemy: a threatened prey species coexisting with feral cats on a fox-free island." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19202.
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Abstract ContextFeral domestic cats (Felis catus) have contributed to substantial loss of Australian wildlife, particularly small- and medium-sized terrestrial mammals. However, mitigating cat impacts remains challenging. Understanding the factors that facilitate coexistence between native prey and their alien predators could aid better pest management and conservation actions. AimsWe estimated feral cat density, examined the impact of habitat cover on long-nosed potoroos (Potorous tridactylus tridactylus), and assessed the spatial and temporal interactions between cats and potoroos in the ‘Bluegums’ area of French Island, south-eastern Australia. Materials and methodsWe operated 31 camera stations across Bluegums for 99 consecutive nights in each of winter 2018 and summer 2018/19. We used a spatially explicit capture–recapture model to estimate cat density, and two-species single-season occupancy models to assess spatial co-occurrence of cats and potoroos. We assessed the influence of vegetation cover and cat activity on potoroo activity by using a dynamic occupancy model. We also used image timestamps to describe and compare the temporal activities of the two species. Key resultsBluegums had a density of 0.77 cats per km2 across both seasons, although this is a conservative estimate because of the presence of unidentified cats. Cats and long-nosed potoroos were detected at 94% and 77% of camera stations, respectively. Long-nosed potoroo detectability was higher in denser vegetation and this pattern was stronger at sites with high cat activity. Cats and potoroos overlapped in their temporal activity, but their peak activity times differed. Conclusions Feral cat density at Bluegums, French Island, is higher than has been reported for mainland Australian sites, but generally lower than in other islands. Long-nosed potoroos were positively associated with cats, potentially indicating cats tracking potoroos as prey or other prey species that co-occur with potoroos. Temporal activity of each species differed, and potoroos sought more complex habitat, highlighting possible mechanisms potoroos may use to reduce their predation risk when co-occurring with cats. ImplicationsOur study highlighted how predator and prey spatial and temporal interactions, and habitat cover and complexity (ecological refuges), may influence the ability for native prey to coexist with invasive predators. We encourage more consideration and investigation of these factors, with the aim of facilitating more native species to persist with invasive predators or be reintroduced outside of predator-free sanctuaries, exclosures and island safe havens.
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Bengsen, Andrew, John Butler, and Pip Masters. "Estimating and indexing feral cat population abundances using camera traps." Wildlife Research 38, no. 8 (2011): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11134.
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Context The ability to monitor changes in population abundance is critical to the success of pest animal management and research programs. Feral cats (Felis catus) are an important pest animal, but current monitoring techniques have limited sensitivity or are limited in use to particular circumstances or habitats. Recent advances in camera-trapping methods provide the potential to identify individual feral cats, and to use this information to estimate population abundances using capture–mark–recapture (CMR) methods. Aims Here, we use a manipulative study to test whether camera-trapping and CMR methods can be used to estimate feral cat abundances. Methods We established a grid of infrared cameras and lure stations over three pastoral properties on Kangaroo Island, Australia, for 15 days. We then reduced the population abundance with an intensive trapping program and repeated the camera survey. We estimated population abundances using robust design CMR models, and converted abundance estimates to densities using home-range data from GPS tracking. We also calculated relative abundance indices from the same data. Key results The CMR methods produced credible estimates of the change in population abundance, with useful confidence intervals, showing a statistically identifiable population decline from at least 0.7 cats km–2 before trapping down to 0.4 cats km–2 after trapping. The indexing method also showed a statistically identifiable decrease in abundance. Conclusions Camera-trapping and CMR methods can provide a useful method for monitoring changes in the absolute abundance of feral cat populations. Camera-trap data may also be used to produce indices of relative abundance when the assumptions of CMR models cannot be met. Implications These methods are widely applicable. The ability to reliably estimate feral cat abundances allows for more effective management than is generally available.
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Zhou, Xuhui, Yue Zhang, Leyang Cui, and Dandan Huang. "Evaluating Commonsense in Pre-Trained Language Models." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 9733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6523.
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Contextualized representations trained over large raw text data have given remarkable improvements for NLP tasks including question answering and reading comprehension. There have been works showing that syntactic, semantic and word sense knowledge are contained in such representations, which explains why they benefit such tasks. However, relatively little work has been done investigating commonsense knowledge contained in contextualized representations, which is crucial for human question answering and reading comprehension. We study the commonsense ability of GPT, BERT, XLNet, and RoBERTa by testing them on seven challenging benchmarks, finding that language modeling and its variants are effective objectives for promoting models' commonsense ability while bi-directional context and larger training set are bonuses. We additionally find that current models do poorly on tasks require more necessary inference steps. Finally, we test the robustness of models by making dual test cases, which are correlated so that the correct prediction of one sample should lead to correct prediction of the other. Interestingly, the models show confusion on these test cases, which suggests that they learn commonsense at the surface rather than the deep level. We release a test set, named CATs publicly, for future research.
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Swanson, William F. "Practical application of laparoscopic oviductal artificial insemination for the propagation of domestic cats and wild felids." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18350.
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AI was first reported in cats almost 50 years ago but, unlike AI in other domesticated animals (e.g. dogs, cattle, horses), has not been widely used for routine propagation by veterinarians or breeders. Anatomical and physiological challenges with cats have hindered the efficiency of AI using standardised transcervical approaches applied to other species. Development of laparoscopic oviductal AI (LO-AI) has helped overcome some of these barriers and, during the past 7 years, produced high pregnancy percentages (>70%) in domestic cats using both fresh collected and frozen–thawed semen and resulted in the birth of full-term offspring in three cat hereditary disease models and six wild cat species (ocelot, Pallas’s cat, fishing cat, sand cat, tiger, clouded leopard). The standard approach involves exogenous gonadotrophin treatment (typically equine chorionic gonadotrophin followed by porcine LH) to induce ovarian follicular growth and ovulation, with laparoscopic visualisation of the oviductal ostium for direct intraluminal insemination with low numbers of spermatozoa. Similar ovarian synchronisation and insemination approaches have been used with wild felids, but frequently must be refined on a species-by-species basis. From a practical perspective, LO-AI in domestic cats now has adequate efficiency for applied use as a reproductive service in veterinary practices that possess basic laparoscopy expertise.