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Hidayati, R. Misrianti, and A. Ali. "Phylogenetic tree of Kuantan cattle by DNA barcoding." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 21, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v21i1.1351.
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<p>Kuantan cattle is one of local beef cattle breed of Riau Province which its origin was unknown. Kuantan cattle are commonly found in Indragiri Hulu and Kuantan Singingi Regency. Based on phenotype characterizations, kuantan cattles are similar with pesisir cattle (West Sumatera beef cattle). Historically, kuantan cattle were pesisir cattle brought by “minang” immigrants (Immigrant from West Sumatera) to this region. The purpose of this study was to analyze the origin of the kuantan cattle through genetic diversity analysis using DNA barcode. DNA barcode used was Cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene which was found in the mtDNA. DNA isolation was done on 25 kuantan’s blood samples and 18 pesisir blood samples. Amplification of COI gene segment used Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. The forward primer sequence used in this study was F’5 TTCTCAACCAACCATAAAGATATTGG-3’ and the reverse primer sequence used was reverse 5’-TAGACTTCGGGGTGTCCAAAGAATCA-3. It squeezed kuantan and pesisir sequence 5711 - 6420 base (GeneBank accession number NC_005971) with length by 710 bp. Analysis result of sequence using MEGA 5.2 Program showed that there were 6 polymorphic sites establishing 7 haplotypes on kuantan cattle and 9 polymorphic sites establishing 12 haplotypes on pesisir cattle. Based on genetic distance and phylogeney tree, kuantan and pesisir cattle were in same group with <em>Bos indicus</em>. Mutation in the COI gene segment in this study was too small and was not able to distinguish the difference of those breeds. The result of neighbor joining analyze indicated that kuantan cattle origin was from <em>Bos indicus</em> just like pesisir cattle.</p><strong>Key Words: </strong>COI Gene, Polymorphic, Kuantan Cattle, Genetic Distance, Phylogenetic Tree
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H;MEADER, FUBRMANN. "ENDOCRINE CHANGES BROUGHT ABOVT BY LOADİNG TESTS WITH ENERGY SUBSTRATES İN DAjRY CATTLE." Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 36, no. 3 (1989): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/vetfak_0000001261.
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Halpin, Brendan. "Combating the cattle plague in Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600404.
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Rinderpest had a devastating effect on cattle in Africa for nearly a century, but vaccination – especially a concerted campaign launched in 1962 – effectively brought it under control. Since then, however, a relaxing of controls has led to a resurgence of the plague, and a new Pan African Rinderpest Campaign was launched in 1981. It is designed not only to control present outbreaks but, this time, to ensure sufficient resources for long-term prevention.
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Firdhausi, Nirmala Fitria, Achmad Farajallah, and Dyah Perwitasari. "Phylogenetic Study of Madura Cattle Based on Mitochondrial Cyt b and D-loop Sequences." Buletin Peternakan 45, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v45i1.48557.
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Madura Cattle is one breed of local cattle from Indonesia. Madura cattle are estimated to originate from a crossbreeding between Bos indicus and Bos javanicus. Another presumption is that Madura cattle are the result of a crossbreeding between B. indicus males and mixed B. javanicus or Bos taurus. Tracing the history of Madura cross and another cattle phylogenetic based on maternal lineage can be done by analyzing the variation of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The purpose of this study was to determine the clarity of the origin of Madura cattle based on maternal lineage using mtDNA markers Cyt b and D-loop. This research is expected to provide genetic information and the origin of Madura cattle, so that it can be used to help improve the breeding and conservation program for Madura cattle. The results of the phylogeny tree reconstruction, using the Cyt b and D-loop genes showed that Madura cattle originated from Sampang region (Polagan, Golbung, and Komis) were grouped into two types of maternal origin. Madura cattle clade I are grouped with B. indicus and B. taurus, while Madura cattle clade II are grouped with B. javanicus. A crossbreeding between B. javanicus and B. indicus is estimated to have been carried out since the entry of Hindu culture brought by the India peoples to Indonesia around 1800 years ago. The crossing between B. javanicus and B. indicus was then more intensively carried out at the time of the government's promoting the development of Ongol cattles (B. indicus) in the days of the Dutch East Indies. The length segment of Cyt b that can be amplified is 230 bp and the D-loop segment of varying length, 577 bp for the Madura 41 and 29 samples, and 624 bp for sample 32.
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HANCOX, M. "Badger culling does not control cattle TB." Journal of Agricultural Science 142, no. 2 (April 2004): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859604003909.
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A somewhat unpredicted effect of the 2001 Foot and Mouth crisis, has been to ‘derail the TB control programme both as regards cattle measures and the badger culling trial’ (EFRA 2003). Sadly, cattle TB is now out of control, rising by c. 20% a year, and back to 1960s levels. Unfortunately attention has focused to such an extent on badgers that many now seemingly do not understand how TB works in cattle and why annual testing and movement bans are the answer: they brought cattle TB down to tiny southwest hot-spots by the mid-1970s without any badger culling (Hancox 2000, 2002, 2003).
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Abdullahi, Yahaya Muhammad, Ibrahim Muhammad Magami, Ahmed Audu, and Muhammad Murtala Mainasara. "Prevalence of Ticks on Camels and Cattle Brought to Dodoru Market Kebbi State, Nigeria." Path of Science 4, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 3001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.33-4.
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Wiyono, Agus, Harimurti Nuradji, Maxs UE Sanam, Yohanes TRMR Simarmata, and Rini Damayanti. "Detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 in clinical cases of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in balinese cattle and apparently healthy sheep in East Nusa Tenggara." BIO Web of Conferences 33 (2021): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213306006.
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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a disease causing a fatal outcome in cattle and generates economic losses worldwide. This study aims to detect the cause of the disease in Balinese cattle showing clinical signs such as high fever, serous ocular mucopurulent nasal discharges, and enlargement of pre-scapularis and pre-femoralis lymphnodes. These cattle were previously housed 50 meters away from a flock of sheep which were brought from Sabu Island 3 months earlier. Samples including blood, ocular, nasal, and vaginal swabs were collected from 22 sheep, 30 goats, 33 clinically healthy cattle (22 Balinese and 11 Ongole cattle), and 3 infected Balinese cattle. Samples were processed and tested using A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Results showed t hat 12 sheep out of 22 and 3 out of 3 infected Balinese cattle were positive MCF, suggesting a potential spread of the disease from sheep to Balinese cattle. No goats and Ongole cattle that were positive indicate that these animals are less susceptible to Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) infection compared to Balinese cattle. The finding of 5 positive samples from 22 healthy Balinese cattle shows the potential of sub-clinical infection of OvHV-2.
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Robaina, Luis Eduardo, Adriano Severo Figueró, and Sandro Sidnei Vargas de Cristo. "Uso do solo e dinâmica de conflitos, na bacia do Rio dos Sinos - municípios de Campo Bom, Novo Hamburgo e São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil." Ciência e Natura 21, no. 21 (December 13, 1999): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x27023.
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The regional occupation has its origin dating back to the start of German immigration. The European settlers that arrived from the state of Rio Grande do Sul brought with them relatively more advance production techniques. Thus, there was rapid regional economic growth, based on agricultural products supplying Porto Alegre, the state's capital city. Capital accumulation in the region brought about industrialization which was also linked to the development of cattle raising activities due to abundance of laborpower and related raw materials. Urban occupation was divided in three categories, according to their intensity: high, medium and low as determined by building patterns, urban equipment and available services Non-urban areas are considered as being latent urban development grounds. Both the small farms used primarily for leisure activities and those with some agricultural and cattle raising activities seem to have little future.
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Gurke, Marie, Amalia Vidal-Gorosquieta, Johanna L. A. Pajimans, Karolina Wȩcek, Axel Barlow, Gloria González-Fortes, Stefanie Hartmann, Aurora Grandal-d’Anglade, and Michael Hofreiter. "Insight into the introduction of domestic cattle and the process of Neolithization to the Spanish region Galicia by genetic evidence." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): e0249537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249537.
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Domestic cattle were brought to Spain by early settlers and agricultural societies. Due to missing Neolithic sites in the Spanish region of Galicia, very little is known about this process in this region. We sampled 18 cattle subfossils from different ages and different mountain caves in Galicia, of which 11 were subject to sequencing of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis, to provide insight into the introduction of cattle to this region. We detected high similarity between samples from different time periods and were able to compare the time frame of the first domesticated cattle in Galicia to data from the connecting region of Cantabria to show a plausible connection between the Neolithization of these two regions. Our data shows a close relationship of the early domesticated cattle of Galicia and modern cow breeds and gives a general insight into cattle phylogeny. We conclude that settlers migrated to this region of Spain from Europe and introduced common European breeds to Galicia.
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CHRISTODOULOPOULOS (Γ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), G., N. ROUBIES (Ν. ΡΟΥΜΠΙΕΣ), H. KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ), and A. PAPASTERIADIS (Α. ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΑΔΗΣ). "Epizootiologic survey of selenium and vitamin E concentrations in cattle to be slaughtered in Thessaloniki." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 51, no. 4 (January 31, 2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15686.
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The purpose of this survey was the study of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (vit. E) concentrations in cattle to be slaughtered in the area of Thessaloniki. For this purpose, research samples of blood and liver were collected from 205 cattle brought to different slaughter-houses of Thessaloniki. Out of the 205 cattle to be slaughtered, 78% presented deficient concentration of Se in liver (0,110-0,600 μg/g DM), 17% marginally deficient concentration(0,601-0,900 μg/g DM) and only 5% normal concentration (0,901-1,512 μg/g DM). Regarding vit. E, only 5% out of the 205 cattle to be slaughtered presented deficient concentration in liver (<5 μg/g WW). It is concluded from the above that, in Thessaloniki, a significant percentage of cattle run the risk of Se deficiency diseases. On the contrary, the case of vit. E deficiency, should be regarded as improbable for these animals.
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CHRISTODOULOPOULOS (Γ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), G., N. ROUBIES (Ν. ΡΟΥΜΠΙΕΣ), H. KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ), and A. PAPASTERIADIS (Α. ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΑΔΗΣ). "Relationship between selenium concentration in blood and liver of cattle." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 53, no. 3 (January 25, 2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15382.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between total blood selenium concentration and liver tissue selenium concentration in cattle. Blood and liver samples were collected from 205 individuals brought to slaughter houses. The results had shown that there is a linear correlation between the concentration of selenium in total blood of cattle (X) and its concentration in the liver (Y). The linear regression equation was: Y=0.194+3.951± (0.265***) X (0.009 pg/ml < X < 0.219 pg/ml, 0.110 μg/g DM < Y < 1.512 μg/g DM) (r2=0.523, ***P<0.001, n=205).
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Humblot, Patrice, Daniel Le Bourhis, Sebastien Fritz, Jean Jacques Colleau, Cyril Gonzalez, Catherine Guyader Joly, Alain Malafosse, et al. "Reproductive Technologies and Genomic Selection in Cattle." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/192787.
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The recent development of genomic selection induces dramatic changes in the way genetic selection schemes are to be conducted. This review describes the new context and corresponding needs for genomic based selection schemes and how reproductive technologies can be used to meet those needs. Information brought by reproductive physiology will provide new markers and new improved phenotypes that will increase the efficiency of selection schemes for reproductive traits. In this context, the value of the reproductive techniques including assisted embryo based reproductive technologies (Multiple Ovaluation Embryo Transfer and Ovum pick up associated toin vitroFertilization) is also revisited. The interest of embryo typing is discussed. The recent results obtained with this emerging technology which are compatible with the use of the last generation of chips for genotype analysis may lead to very promising applications for the breeding industry. The combined use of several embryo based reproductive technologies will probably be more important in the near future to satisfy the needs of genomic selection for increasing the number of candidates and to preserve at the same time genetic variability.
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Van Marle-Köster, Este, Carina Visser, Judith Sealy, and Laurent Frantz. "Capitalizing on the Potential of South African Indigenous Beef Cattle Breeds: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084388.
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Cattle populations arrived in Southern Africa almost 2000 years ago, brought by farming communities migrating southwards. For centuries, cattle have been an integral component of livestock production to meet the animal protein needs of a growing population and they are also important in many cultural and religious events, as repositories of wealth and signifiers of social status. Selection within these cattle populations led to the development of breeds such as the Nguni, Afrikaner and Drakensberger that are well adapted to the local production environment. Genetic information has been generated for most of these populations, providing new insights into their ancestry and indicating moderate levels of diversity and relatively low inbreeding. Indigenous cattle breeds are present in both the well-developed commercial sector as well as the developing South African livestock sector. These breeds have been included in several research studies, mostly focusing on their production and adaptive potential. Genetic improvement of the local cattle populations and breeds, which are often more resilient to local environmental conditions, has the potential to improve the productivity of the small-scale production developing sector and contribute to the alleviation of poverty.
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Marisa, Julia, and Sukma Aditya Sitepu. "Increased Revenues in Beef Cattle Business in Hamlet I Kelambir V Village in Hamparan Perak Sub-District Deli Serdang Regency." Journal of Saintech Transfer 1, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jst.v1i1.274.
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This community service aims to introduce revenue analytics in beef cattle business to breeders in order to know the amount of their income in every scale of livestock ownership level in Hamlet I, Kelambir Village, Hamparan Perak Sub-District, Deli Serdang Regency. This activity was expected to improve the ability and increase the knowledge of beef cattle breeders to do self-analysis on how to separate accepted and cost components to be incurred in one period of care. Thus, it would be easier for the breeders to calculate the total income in one period of beef cattle breeding which will improve their welfare. The impact brought from this program was that a number of breeders have understood about revenue analytics and started to calculate the total income they have had. Therefore, they can learn to make the production cost of their business efficient which leads to an increased revenues.
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Anil, M. H., S. Warttig, and J. L. McKinstry. "Welfare effects of a new head restraint for slaughter cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023977.
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The Slaughter of Animals (Humane Conditions) Regulation 1990 requires head restraint for stunning slaughter cattle as of July 1992. This change has been brought about in order to improve captive bolt shooting accuracy and stunning effectiveness. As the target area to aim for on the head for effective stunning is relatively small it is hoped that restricting the head movements will increase shooting accuracy, stunning effectiveness and improve welfare. However, concern has been raised about the possible stress effects of using a restraint. A new system has been developed in Bristol (Department of Meat Animal Science) and is designed to immobilise the head by two pneumatically operated vertical bars for a short time sufficient to enable the operator to aim the the gun at the target area.
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de Oliveira, Gustavo Magalhães, Silvia Morales de Queiroz Caleman, Christiano França da Cunha, and Morenise Puperi. "Value appropriation in Brazilian cattle industry." British Food Journal 119, no. 9 (September 4, 2017): 2089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2016-0478.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influencing factors on cattle breeders’ payment system choices using cross-sectional data collected in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul. The investigation aims to analyze the problem of value appropriation comparing the payment based on carcass index with live weight mode under the perspective of “bovine for slaughtering” as a multidimensional product with various attributes. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a generalized order logistic regression model in a survey with 69 cattle breeders’ interview to conduct the empirical analysis. Findings The empirical results show that measurement difficulties and collective actions influence farmers’ choice to a less efficient payment system in quality terms and value appropriation problems, while the trust level in the slaughterhouse pushes to a more efficient system. Furthermore, trust was presented as more important than technological aspects and long-time relationship as well as collective action corroborates to increase bargaining power and to solve conflicts. In sum, trust, measurement and bargaining power brought traditional and alternative solutions to solve conflicts such as well-designed payment indicators, collective actions and transaction costs. Originality/value This study used first-hand survey and proxy variables on cattle farmers’ payment system choices. Another contribution is the focus on two regions with two different payment systems in the same institutional environment in a way to suggest mechanisms of private strategies and public policy to reduce opportunistic value appropriation as well as decreasing conflict.
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Dufrasne, I., S. Meura, J. F. Cabaraux, L. Istasse, and J. L. Hornick. "Nutrition index and soil nitrate residues in grazed pastures fertilised with mineral fertiliser, pig slurry or cattle compost." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200019529.
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A code of good practice was established by each European member state according to the nitrate directive. In Belgium, the nitrogen (N) inputs in pastures from slurry or compost are limited to 210 kg N/ha. Larger quantities can be applied when additional measurements, including soil nitrates analyses are carried on by the farmer. This trial aims to measure nitrogen balance, nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) and soil nitrates contents in pastures fertilised with mineral nitrogen fertiliser, pig slurry or cattle compost, the pastures being grazed by dairy cows and the fertilisation being brought at similar efficient N levels. NNI was calculated as the ratio of the actual N concentration to the sward N concentration it would have to be at a similar biomass in order to sustain a non limiting growth and a biomass accumulation (Lemaire and Gastal, 1997). Cattle compost was produced from cattle manure unloaded through the beaters of a spreader.
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Hooser, Stephen B., William van Alstine, Matti Kiupel, and Janice Sojka. "Acute Pit Gas (Hydrogen Sulfide) Poisoning in Confinement Cattle." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 3 (May 2000): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200315.
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Rapid deaths in confinement cattle caused by exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas from manure pits has not been reported in the USA. In 1997, 158 cattle in 2 confinement pens were exposed to H2S gas as the manure in the pits under a slatted floor was agitated prior to pumping. Approximately 35 of the cattle were lying on the floor when the upper agitator was turned on. Within 5 minutes, many these cattle were down on their sides and paddling. Of these, 26 died within a few minutes. The survivors were treated and sent to slaughter. Cattle that did not show immediate signs of toxicosis remained clinically unaffected. Two steers that were near death were brought to the Purdue Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for clinical evaluation, euthanasia, and necropsy. They were recumbent and unresponsive to visual and auditory stimuli. Necropsy examination yielded no significant gross lesions. No evidence of viral or bacterial infection was found. Ocular fluid nitrate concentrations were within normal limits, and no lead was detected in either animal. Microscopic examination revealed lesions consistent with H2S-induced central nervous system anoxia. Histologically, sections of brain demonstrated massive, diffuse cerebral cortical laminar necrosis and edema. Portions of the outer lamina contained hypereosinophilic and shrunken neurons. The subcortical white matter was vacuolated in some areas. The history, clinical signs, and histologic lesion of cerebral laminar necrosis led to a diagnosis of H2S toxicosis in these cattle.
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Lancelot, Renaud, Marina Béral, Vincent Michel Rakotoharinome, Soa-Fy Andriamandimby, Jean-Michel Héraud, Caroline Coste, Andrea Apolloni, et al. "Drivers of Rift Valley fever epidemics in Madagascar." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 5 (January 17, 2017): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607948114.
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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne viral disease widespread in Africa. The primary cycle involves mosquitoes and wild and domestic ruminant hosts. Humans are usually contaminated after contact with infected ruminants. As many environmental, agricultural, epidemiological, and anthropogenic factors are implicated in RVF spread, the multidisciplinary One Health approach was needed to identify the drivers of RVF epidemics in Madagascar. We examined the environmental patterns associated with these epidemics, comparing human and ruminant serological data with environmental and cattle-trade data. In contrast to East Africa, environmental drivers did not trigger the epidemics: They only modulated local Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) transmission in ruminants. Instead, RVFV was introduced through ruminant trade and subsequent movement of cattle between trade hubs caused its long-distance spread within the country. Contact with cattle brought in from infected districts was associated with higher infection risk in slaughterhouse workers. The finding that anthropogenic rather than environmental factors are the main drivers of RVF infection in humans can be used to design better prevention and early detection in the case of RVF resurgence in the region.
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Ivanov, R. V., and L. N. Zakharova. "Problems of adaptation of imported specialized breeds of cattle." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, no. 3 (July 26, 2020): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-10.
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The experience of importing Simmental breed from Austria of beef cattle Hereford breed from Novosibirsk region, red steppe breed from the Altay Territory to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is analyzed. Acclimatization of imported livestock to the conditions of the Far North is hard. Of 471 heads of cattle of Austrian Simmental breed imported in 2007, 171 are currently left. The average milk production of cows per head is 2485 litres, the average figure for the Republic is 2364 litres. Of 200 heads of Herefords brought in 20112012, only 32 have remained. A brief description of the milk productivity of the red steppe breed in Yakutia is presented. Milk yield per cow amounted to 2630 litres in six lactations, which is 166 litres higher than the national average. Due to non-compliance with the requirements of the technology of keeping and feeding imported animals, 116 out of 200 imported cows have remained. The hematological parameters of cattle reflecting the state of the body's immune system during acclimatization are given. Adaptation of red steppe cows was difficult, but the hematological parameters corresponded to the physiological norm. Possible ways of developing livestock breeding programme in Yakutia to create a simmentalized Yakut zonal type of cattle, which is distinguished by exceptional adaptive abilities for keeping and feeding conditions, are proposed. Thanks to crossbreeding with Yakut cattle, the acclimatization and further breeding of imported specialized breeds and their crosses is successful. The ways of improving the technology of keeping and feeding cattle on the farms of the Republic are shown.
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Delsol, Nicolas. "Disassembling cattle and enskilling subjectivities: Butchering techniques and the emergence of new colonial subjects in Santiago de Guatemala." Journal of Social Archaeology 20, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605320906910.
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When they introduced cattle into Guatemala in the 16th century, Europeans also brought a whole new industry involving ranches, slaughterhouses, and new forms of labor. On the one hand, cattle producers had to treat the animals as intact living organisms requiring care and nurture to maintain and increase the herds. Those animals were grown by the ranchers for specific purposes. In the first place, colonial Mesoamerican cattle were raised to produce hides and leather for intercontinental trade with Spain. The regularized disassembling of the bovine bodies created these new products, but it also had some unintended consequences, namely the generation of new subject positions among the indigenous workers of these facilities. New forms of butchering techniques aimed at extracting animal parts were unlike the indigenous practices of animal hunting and exploitation, which aimed at preserving the physical integrity of the animals’ bodies. The newly introduced techniques that involved the compartmentalization of animal bodies also involved an increased compartmentalization of labor, accompanied by new body techniques and gestures. As the butchers and the tanners became enskilled, their bodies changed and so did their hexis. To operationalize these ideas, technological approaches combined with zooarchaeological (butchery marks), ethnographic, and historical evidence are used to investigate how humans and cattle mutually grew each other’s matter and subjectivities.
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Abiola, S. S. "THE SALVAGE OF BOVINE FOETUSES IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE WITHIN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 24, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v24i1.2358.
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Bovine fetuses recovered from abattoirs and slaughter slabs in Ogun State were previously discarded. Recently, a total of 327 skins of fetuses in the third trimester were tanned to produce leather for the manufacture of 439 pairs of shoes which yielded a revenue of N33,124 for the State Government. The skins of foetuses in both the first and second trimesters were used in the manufacture of local drums. Foetal carcases were processed as pet foods by dog and cat owners. Some foetal tissues could be preserved for use in the laboratories for research purposes. Such utilization of foetus has reduced losses which they brought about when there was no need for them.
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Amaral, Samuel. "Rural Production and Labour in Late Colonial Buenos Aires." Journal of Latin American Studies 19, no. 2 (November 1987): 235–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00020071.
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The Old World had known of the fabulous riches of Mexican and Peruvian mines for well over a century when reports began to come in of the wealth of the Buenos Aires pampas. Acarete du Biscay and Antonio de Ulloa were among those astounded by the abundant herds of wild cattle to be found on those endless plains and the latter's writings provided Adam Smith with examples of a primitive economy.1 By the time The Wealth of Nations was published, however, that early primitiveness was changing. According to Cosme Bueno, the increasing demand for hides for export had brought about a decline in the number of cattle around Buenos Aires with the result that simple hunting had become cattle raising.2 The supply of meat to the city had always necessitated cattle raising, but the ever-erratic demand for export hides had to be met by hunting expeditions - the vaquerías. No new hunting licences were granted after 1720 and the first surprise attacks a few years later by Pampa indians looking for domestic cattle signalled the end of the wild herds.3 The intensification of foreign demand for hides led in the first place to the spread of the vaquerías into Entre Ríos and the Banda Oriental and, later on, particularly after the adoption of free-trade policies by post-revolutionary governments, to the proliferation of estancias on the Buenos Aires pampas.
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Wall, R., and C. M. Lee. "Aggregation in insect communities colonizing cattle-dung." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 4 (December 11, 2009): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309990502.
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AbstractRuminant dung is a highly ephemeral, patchily distributed resource, which is used by a diverse community of invertebrate species. In such environments, high levels of insect aggregation may be important in facilitating stability and coexistence across patchily distributed populations. The aim of the present work was to quantify the aggregation of the insects colonising cow-dung in cattle pasture in southwest England and to test the hypothesis that the dung-pat community assemblage observed was the result of stochastic colonization. This was examined using batches of ten standardised, 1.5 kg, artificial cow pats placed out in cattle pastures in each of 24 weeks between May and October in 2001. Pats were left exposed in the field for seven days before being brought back to the laboratory, where any insect colonizers were collected and identified. Individual pats contained, on average, only half the number of insect taxa present in an entire batch put out at any one time. All larval coleopteran taxa, 20 of the 22 adult coleopteran taxa and 22 of the 23 dipteran taxa, showed significant aggregation, with the abundance of most taxa within pats approximating a negative binomial distribution. A simulation analysis was used to show that the observed relative frequency of taxa within pats did not differ from that expected by chance if colonisation is a random binomial event in which each species colonises a pat independently of all other species. Aggregated populations, of even highly abundant insects, may be more susceptible to the deleterious effects of insecticidal contaminants in dung than if they were evenly distributed, if by chance they colonize a pat containing insecticidal residues from a recently treated animal.
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Donchenko, A. S., N. A. Donchenko, A. S. Zhumash, A. K. Shaymbetova, A. В. Turgumbekov, and A. К. Ilimbayeva. "Prevention of tuberculosis of cattle imported from abroad." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 6 (January 29, 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-6.
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When importing cattle from Hungary, Germany, Holland and Australia, many violations of veterinary rules for cattle management for the purpose of its reproduction, rearing and sale were noted. Pathogens of a number of infectious diseases penetrate livestock farms with the cattle purchased. Cases of infection of imported pedigree cattle with tuberculosis were noted. Scientists, together with practical experts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, conducted a series of surveys of livestock farms, where pedigree cattle was imported from abroad. The imortance of the veterinary-sanitary treatment of premises prior to the delivery of breeding livestock was highlighted. Feeding regime of such animals in the summer and winter periods was taken into account. Particular attention was paid to preventive diagnostic studies of imported livestock and local animals in contact with them. For more effective diagnosis, several diagnostic tests were used – from the usual intradermal tuberculin test with PPD tuberculin for mammals – to the palpebral and intravenous tuberculin tests as well as the “booster effect” method. In the diagnosis of tuberculosis, a special role was assigned to the results of autopsy and laboratory studies of biomaterial taken from animals killed for diagnostic purposes. In the complex of diagnostic studies for a final decision on the animal tuberculosis and a general epizootic assessment of the herd for animal tuberculosis, a diagnostic assessment of the intradermal fold of 5 mm and over was proposed. Comprehensive intravital diagnostic measures, post-mortem diagnostics of animals reacting to tuberculin, proper veterinary and sanitary measures in livestock buildings were carried out, contact of animals brought from abroad with local cattle and other domestic animals, as well as poultry, was excluded. Comprehensive measures can reliably prevent and diagnose cases of tuberculosis both in imported and local livestock when placing it in specially prepared livestock buildings.
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Grandin, Temple. "Methods for reducing stress during transport and handling." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600028105.
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Stress can be reduced during transport and handling by training people to use behavioral principles when handling animals, selecting livestock with a calm temperament and using well designed handling facilities and vehicles. In the U.S., there are increasing problems with very excitable cattle and pigs which are very difficult to handle and drive. Gentle, quiet handling of excitable genetic lines of pigs in single file races in a high speed slaughter plant is extremely difficult. Excitable pigs are more easily distracted by small distractions such as a sparkling reflection on the floor and are more likely to balk and pile up. Some excitable genetic lines of pigs have greatly elevated death losses during transport. Excitable animals are more fearful of novel new situations than calmer genetic lines. Similar excitability problems are being observed in cattle. Excitable genetic lines of cattle are more likely to severely injure themselves or handlers during handling because they are more likely to panic when confronted with novelty. The author has observed cattle from excitable genetic lines that went into a total panic when they were in novel surroundings. Excitability problems are more likely to cause problems in the U.S. due to very extensive raising of cattle. Excitable cattle that are reared intensively become accustomed to people and vehicles and they are more tolerant of novel situations than excitable cattle reared on open rangeland where they seldom see people. Excitable genetic lines of cattle which are completely halter broken become trained to accept novelty and will usually remain calm, but when these same animals are raised extensively where they seldom see people, they often panic and injure themselves when they are brought to an auction market or slaughter plant. Breeders need to select animals that have a calm temperament. Recent research in our laboratory has shown that the position of the spiral hair whorls on the foreheads of beef cattle is related to temperament. Beef cattle with high hair whorls located above the eyes become more agitated during restraint in a squeeze chute compared to cattle with hair whorls located between or below the eyes. Indiscriminant selection for rapid growth and leanness has contributed to this problem. Excitable genetic lines of cattle and pigs are causing serious welfare problems during handling in the U.S.
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Stangl, G. I., F. J. Schwarz, B. Jahn, and M. Kirchgessner. "Cobalt–deficiency–induced hyperhomocysteinaemia and oxidative status of cattle." British Journal of Nutrition 83, no. 1 (January 2000): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500000027.
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In ruminants, Co is required for the synthesis of vitamin B12, which in turn is needed for the resynthesis of methionine by methylation of homocysteine and thus, cobalamin deficiency may induce hyperhomocysteinaemia which is brought into context with perturbations of the antioxidative–prooxidative balance. The present study was conducted to explore whether Co deficiency in cattle is also associated with homocysteine-induced disturbances of oxidative status. Co deficiency was induced in cattle by feeding two groups of animals on either a basal maize-silage-based diet that was moderately low in Co (83 μg Co/kg DM), or the same diet supplemented with Co to a total of 200 μg Co/kg DM, for 43 weeks. Co deficiency was apparent from a reduced vitamin B12 status in serum and liver and an accumulation of homocysteine in plasma which was in excess of 4·8 times higher in Co-deprived cattle than in controls. The much increased level of circulating homocysteine did not indicate severe disturbances in antioxidant–prooxidant balance as measured by individual markers of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and the antioxidative defence system. There were no quantitative difference in plasma thiol groups, nor were there significant changes in concentrations of α-tocopherol, microsomal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and carbonyl groups in liver. However, there was a trend toward increased plasma carbonyl levels indicating a slight degradation of plasma proteins in the hyperhomocysteinaemic cattle. Analysis of the hepatic catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity revealed an 11 % reduction in Co-deficient cattle relative to the controls. These results indicate that long-term moderate Co deficiency may induce a severe accumulation of plasma homocysteine in cattle, but considerable abnormalities in oxidative status failed to appear.
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McAllister, Tim A., John Basarab, and Leluo Guan. "177 Strategies to improve the efficiency of beef cattle production." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.378.
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Abstract Globally there are approximately 1 billion beef cattle raised in both intensive and extensive production systems and of the principal livestock species, beef cattle are known to have the poorest feed efficiency. As a result of low feed efficiency, cattle also have a larger environmental footprint per kg of product produced. However, these metrics fail to consider that beef cattle produce high quality protein from feeds that are largely unsuitable for other livestock species. Even in Canada’s intensive beef production system, forages account for more than 80% of feed, with high grain diets only being fed for 3 to 4 months during finishing. Strategies to improve the efficiency of beef cattle are focusing on the genetics of the host, the functional efficiency of the gastrointestinal microbiome and the structure and composition of the feed. Maintenance of hybrid vigor is central to matching the optimal biological type of animal to a variety of management practices and environments. Genotyping can play a key role in ensuring hybrid vigor is maintained so that populations can adapt to changing environmental conditions brought about by influences such as climate change. The central role of microbiome-host interactions in the efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract is becoming increasingly apparent. Microbial markers and gene expression patterns within the intestinal microbiome are being used to identify efficient hosts and to alter the microbiome in a manner that enhances fibre digestion. Finally, feed types and feed processing are being optimized to maximize the value that can be derived from both forages and concentrates. This multi-faceted approach to improving efficiency is coupled with strategies that reduce disease and improve host health. Strategies to improve the efficiency of cattle production are a perquisite for the sustainable intensification that is needed to satisfy the future demand for beef.
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A. Marcos, Luis, Pedro Yi, Alfredo Machicado, Roy Andrade, Frine Samalvides, Juvenal Sánchez, and Angélica Terashima. "Hepatic fibrosis and Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle." Journal of Helminthology 81, no. 4 (December 2007): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07850231.
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AbstractThis study focuses on the development of fibrosis of the liver of cattle with Fasciola hepatica infection, correlating with the intensity of infection. Animals with an established diagnosis of chronic F. hepatica infection were identified in a slaughterhouse in Lima, Perú. The study included 24 fresh cattle livers from infected animals and two uninfected controls. Tissues were stored at 4°C for approximately 8 h after which they were brought to a necropsy room and examined. Between 9 and 12 biopsies were randomly obtained from each liver. Histological staining of formalin-fixed liver sections with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Masson's trichrome were performed. Liver samples were examined using a pathology protocol that included 30 items. Histopathologically, 16 out of 30 liver specimens (67.6%) showed diffuse fibrotic lesions (cirrhosis) with a mean number of Fasciola of 116 ± 30 (range 4–435). Pathological data were matched to number of adult parasites and presence of cirrhosis after being reviewed by two independent pathologists. There was concordance between the two pathologists (K = 0.72). The group with cirrhosis showed an average of 116 ± 30 adult parasites whereas the group not showing cirrhosis contained 56 ± 28 flukes (P = 0.2). To measure how number of flukes and diagnosis of cirrhosis are related we used Kendall's tau-b coefficient; the correlation was +0.296 (P = 0.04). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve results showed that the best point was 38 parasite adults, which had 93.8% sensitivity and 75% specificity. We conclude that as the number of F. hepatica adult forms increases, the likelihood of developing liver fibrosis will also increase in cattle.
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Chernykh, Oleg Yu, Aleksey V. Mishchenko, Vladimir A. Mishchenko, Roman A. Krivonos, Aleksandr A. Lysenko, and Aleksandr V. Skorikov. "Features of control measures and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease of large horned cattle of meat breeds." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-4-5-9.
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A large number of breeding heifers and bull-producers of meat breeds were brought to the Russian Federation from different countries of the world. Breeding heifers were imported to individual farms. Extensive and semi-intensive systems of large horned cattle keeping are used more often in the Russian Federation. The extensive system provides for free movement of animals and selection of pasture areas and access to watering and shelter areas. Large number of beef cattle have been imported to the Russian Federation from around the world in recent years. Timely epizootic and clinical diagnostics play a primary role in the system of measures for the control and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease. The existing system of measures for the control and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease in the Russian Federation provides for the prevention of the introduction of the virus, systematic vaccination of ruminants and revaccination of young animals and control of the level of post-vaccination antibodies. The risk of introduction of pathogens in extensive system for beef cattle is significantly higher than in intensive system. The highest risk of introduction of infectious agents exist with wild and domestic cloven-hoofed animals. Contaminated air, water and pastures can be pathway for the introduction of infectious agents into beef herds. According to the OIE Code beef-breed large horned cattle must be subject to daily inspection. All personnel working with beef-breed large horned cattle should have professional training in accordance with their job responsibilities and understand the technology of housing and behavior of animals, as well as biosecurity measures and general symptoms of diseases and signs of deterioration of the physiological state. The main features of large horned cattle breeding, distinguishing it from other areas of productivity, are early maturity and high quality meat. It is believed that professional training in these matters is acquired through specialized training and practical experience in working with beef cattle. Knowing the etiology of diseases and their syndromes is important in identifying potential animal welfare issues.
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Armstrong, E., A. Postiglioni, and S. González. "Population viability analysis of the Uruguayan Creole cattle genetic reserve." Animal Genetic Resources Information 38 (April 2006): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002029.
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SummaryUruguayan Creole cattle are descended from animals brought by the Spanish conquerors. The population grew extensively without directional management and became semi-wild before the introduction of commercial breeds in the 19th century. Today only 575 animals remain, restricted to the San Miguel National Park. We performed a population viability analysis of this reserve using VORTEX v. 8.31 to study its demographic and genetic parameters, assess the environmental factors that affect its development, evaluate its future risk of extinction and test different management options. The probability of extinction in the next 100 years was always zero, even in the more pessimistic scenarios. The growth rate of the population was always positive and mostly affected by the mortality rate of calves. Population size increased rapidly up to carrying capacity, this being the only limiting factor for population growth. Retained heterozygosity was always above 90% and the inbreeding coefficient below 0.10. The analysis shows that the population is not at risk due to its genetic diversity and demographic structure, however all the individuals are concentrated in only one place. We suggest its subdivision into sub-populations located in different regions and connected by gene flow, decreasing the risk of extinction and accomplishing the conservation and self-sustainability goals.
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Vergos, V., A. Gordon, M. Gallagher, and I. Gordon. "In vitro culture of embryos produced by in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010151.
Full textAbstract:
A previous report from this laboratory dealt with the establishment of pregnancies in the early months of gestation after the non-surgical transfer of cattle embryos derived from the in vitro maturation (IVM) of primary bovine oocytes, their fertilization in vitro (IVF) and their subsequent development to the transferable stage (morula/blastocyst) using an in vivo (sheep oviduct) culture system (Lu et al.,1987). The present report deals with some factors affecting the efficiency of IVF and with the culture in vitro of zygotes to the morula/ blastocyst stage of development. Some embryos were frozen and after thawing transferred by non-surgical procedures to five recipient cattle to obtain information on their capacity to undergo further embryonic development.Primary oocytes, enclosed in cumulus cells, were recovered from vesicular follicles (2-6mm) after their dissection from the ovaries of heifers slaughtered at a local abattoir. The ovaries were brought to the laboratory within one hour of animal slaughter in medium held at 35'C.
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K.H. Lu, I. Gordon, M. Gallagher, and H. McGovern. "Production of cattle embryos by in vitro and in vivo culture." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1988 (March 1988): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600016913.
Full textAbstract:
A previous report from this laboratory recorded a yield of 60 per cent of embryos recovered at the morulae/blastocyst stage of development after the in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes and their subsequent culture in vivo in the sheep oviduct (Lu et al., 1987). When these embryos were transferred by non-surgical procedures to recipient heifers, they established normal pregnancy rates (12/18, 67%) which resulted in the birth of seven sets of twins and five single calves. The objective of the present study was to examine the possibility of large-scale production of cattle embryos using the oocyte maturation and IVF procedures previously employed. A further objective was to determine the effect on embryo yield of transferring varying numbers of fertilized eggs (zygotes) to the sheep oviduct for in vivo culture.Ovaries were collected fran beef heifers shortly after slaughter and brought to the laboratory within one hour, held at 30°C in phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 0.3 per cent bovine serun albumin and 0.05 mg kanemycin/ml. Non-atretic vesicular follicles (2 - 6 mm diameter) were dissected fran the ovaries and the oocytes liberated by follicule rupture, particular care being taken to preserve the integrity of the oocyte-cumulus-corplex.
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OLTHOFF, J. C., G. H. CROW, and G. W. RAHNEFELD. "CHANGES IN BEEF CATTLE PERFORMANCE AFTER TEN YEARS OF YEARLING WEIGHT SELECTION." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 1017–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-125.
Full textAbstract:
Selection for yearling weight, a trait with relatively high heritability, in beef cattle should lead to a significant response in a short period of time. Changes should also occur in correlated and component traits. Data from 10 yr of yearling weight selection in beef Shorthorn cattle were used to quantify the response in correlated calf and cow traits. Selection response was measured as the difference between the performance of the select line and a corresponding control line. Annual response to selection for bull and heifer calves, respectively, averaged 5.1 and 4.3 kg for yearling weight, 2.1 and 1.6 kg for weaning weight, 0.3 and 0.2 kg for birth weight, 0.016 and 0.014 kg d−1 for post-weaning average daily gain and 0.010 and 0.007 kg d−1 for preweaning average daily gain. There were no significant changes in calf survival or cow reproductive performance. Cow weights increased 4.5 kg yr−1 for 2-yr-old heifers, similar to the yearling weight response, but only 1.3 kg yr−1 for all cows because of the time delay caused by the age distribution of the breeding herd. Yearling weight increases were brought about by increases in the individuals genetic potential for gain, primarily postweaning. Response to yearling weight selection would be relatively easy to achieve for beef producers. Some additional costs would be incurred, however, and the environmental effects, which were large, would have to be monitored. Key words: Beef cattle, yearling weight, selection response, correlated response
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CHRISTODOULOPOULOS (Γ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), G., N. ROUBIES (Ν. ΡΟΥΜΠΙΕΣ), H. KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ), N. PANOUSIS (Ν. ΠΑΝΟΥΣΗΣ), and A. PAPASTERIADIS (ΑΧ. ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΑΔΗΣ). "Survey of carotenes and vitamin A concentrations in cattle to be slaughtered in Thessaloniki." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 52, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15419.
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The purpose of this survey was the study of vitamin A concentrations in cattle to be slaughtered in the area of Thessaloniki. For this purpose, research samples of blood and liver were collected from 165 cattle brought to different slaughter-houses of Thessaloniki, during the winter of the year 1998. Out of the 165 cattle to be slaughtered 76% presented lower than normal vitamin A in liver tissue (< 60 Mg/g W.M.), 14% had marginal (60-200 pg/g W.M.) and 10% normal concentration values (200-800 μg/g W.M.). It must be noted that, of the total 205 examined cattle 37% presented extremely deficient concentration of vitamin A in liver (< 14 μg/g W.M.), in these concentrations clinical signs of avitaminosis A are expected to appear. The statistic analysis of the research results show off that the liver and plasma concentrations of vitamin A were statistically significant lower in the fattening cattle (male and female) than in the adult reproductive cows. Statistically significant differences on liver and plasma vitamin A concentrations between male and female fattening cattle were not found. Statistically analysing this research it is confirmed for another time, that there is not closed linear relation between the vitamin A plasma concentrations and vitamin A liver concentrations. The linear regression equation that has been found between the vitamin A liver concentration (X) and the vitamin A plasma concentration (Y) is: Y=0,183+0,001 (±0,000***) X (***P<0,001, r2=0,130, 1,80 μg/g D.M.£X£350,08 μg/g D.M., 0,01 μg/ml£Y£3,28 μg/ml, n = 165). Closed linear regression was not found as well, between the vitamin A plasma concentrations and carotene plasma concentrations. The linear regression equation that has been found here between the vitamin A plasma concentration (X) and the carotene plasma concentrations (Y) is: Y=2,138+3,806 (±1,445*) X (*P<0,05, r2=0,057,0,01 μg/ml£Χ£3,28 μg/ml,0,00 μg/ml£Υ£23,36 μg/ml, n=165). The clinical signs that are described here for the animals with deficient levels of vitamin A (60 μg/g W.M. of liver) are limed to the following: poor performance, rough coat and ocular signs in the fattening cattle and infertility in the reproductive cows. Finally, in this research there is some evidence that the high carotene levels in reproductive cows (>4,8 μg/ml of plasma) for a long term may cause ovary dysfunction.
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Gruber, Göran, Tom Carlsson, and Alexander Gill. "Crops, Cattle and Human DNA – The Motala Site and the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in Östergötland, Southern Sweden." Current Swedish Archaeology 26, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2016.08.
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Palaeogenetic research has recently questioned the notion that the transition to agriculture in south- ern Scandinavia was initiated by local groups of hunter-gatherers who adopted the new economy at the onset of the Neolithic. Instead, the transition is claimed to have been brought about by farmers who migrated to the region from the continent. In this paper we examine whether the idea of a migra- tion can be upheld when set against archaeologi- cal source materials from Östergötland in southern Sweden. Our findings indicate that the notion of a local adoption is supported by the archaeological sources from the area. We also claim that available palaeogenetic sources do not contradict the inter- pretation that local groups of hunter-gatherers ini- tiated the transition to agriculture.
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Clark, Diana. "364 Branded Beef Program Response to COVID-19." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.179.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Travel halted. Consumer habits changed. Marketing strategies adjusted. Restaurants closed. Future projections deleted. All of this occurred in the food industry, and many others like it, once COVID-19 spread. As the leading brand of Angus beef, it shifted what it needed to in order to offer more support to its foodservice distribution, retail, restaurant and international partners. The Certified Angus Beef ® brand’s purpose has always been to promote high-quality beef brought to tables by family farmers and ranchers. While that still rings true, the pandemic has shed a light on how every link in the chain strengthens what those cattle caregivers do and what consumers have come to expect.
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Lacoste, Pablo. "Wine and Women: Grape Growers and Pulperas in Mendoza, 1561–1852." Hispanic American Historical Review 88, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 361–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-329.
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Abstract This article examines the role of entrepreneurial women in colonial Mendoza, a trade and transport center characterized by wine production. In other economic activities, such as cattle raising and transportation, female ownership of the local means of productions was practically nonexistent. Women were increasingly important in the cultivation of vineyards and in the production and selling of wine in taverns and stores (pulperías). This development was brought about by three factors: first, Hispanic ideology allowed women a privileged space in the cultivation of vineyards, as is illustrated in Fray Luis de León’s La perfecta casada (1583). Second, as a transportation center, Mendoza had many men who worked as muleteers, on wagon trains, and on cattle drives; their extended absences generated greater responsibilities and independence for women. Third, the example set by the first taverns and wineries in Mendoza created models for other women to pursue. For all these reasons, women took advantage of opportunities in vineyards and taverns, thus advancing their own economic and mental emancipation. This study is based on unpublished documents in the Archivo Histórico de Mendoza and the Archivo Nacional in Santiago, Chile.
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Chmielewski, Jarosław, Jarosław Pobereżny, Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki, Ilona Żeber-Dzikowska, and Monika Szpringer. "Sosnowsky’s hogweed – current environmental problem." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2017-0020.
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AbstractSosnowsky’s hogweed was brought to Poland as a silage plant for cattle in the mid-20th century from the Caucasus. It was grown mainly in National Farms. However, the hogweed quickly spread across the natural environment. It is a highly invasive plant and possesses strong burning qualities. Every year many people suffer from its burns. The hogweed is also dangerous for animals. Being an invasive species, it displaces natural plant species of the native flora. It can threaten the flora and landscape of a particular area. The aim of the article is to present the problem including the frequency of occurrence of Sosnowsky’s hogweed in Poland, to show the negative effects for human health and the methods to fight it in its habitat.
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Grymak, A. "Characteristics of the meat stockbreeding market performance." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(159) (November 24, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-159-2-31-40.
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Ukraine has gone through a difficult and over time long period of recognition of market relations, which was accompanied by the emergence of imbalances. This is also the independence of enterprises with administrative influence on their work; liberalization of prices; low purchasing power of the population, which leads to a decrease in demand; rise in energy prices, as well as unequal exchange between industry and agriculture. As a consequence of the influence of these factors, there are changes in the structure of the cattle herd, the interest of producers in increasing the volume of livestock products is lost, incl. and meat, even at the level of personal peasant farms. Assessment of the state of the beef cattle breeding industry indicates a reduction in the number of fattening cattle in all categories of farms. The main reason for this unsatisfactory trend is the loss of profitability of beef cattle breeding. Studies of its causes have confirmed the influence of indicators of the number of livestock, animal productivity, as well as the cost of production. In 2009-2019 alone, the number of cattle decreased by almost 30 percent. And the available livestock of productive livestock in the households of the population does not provide guarantees and rhythmic supplies of raw materials to processing enterprises. Intermediaries create their problematic influence on the formation of the market for beef cattle breeding. However, even under such conditions, the beef cattle industry confirms its self-sufficiency in the turnover of products. The experience of the developed countries of Europe and the world confirms that the functioning of economic systems, which are based on market conditions, confirms their feasibility, efficiency and viability. The preconditions for the approval of the Ukrainian beef cattle market were the privatization of land and property, restructuring, and in some places the cancellation of debts, the introduction of a fixed tax, and some additional payment for the sold cattle. Therefore, market relations already, and in the future, affect the development of agriculture and beef cattle breeding, which is a multifaceted system with a large number of subjects of production, processing and sale of the industry's products. This is confirmed by weighty factors of the objective need to form a commodity market for beef cattle breeding to meet the demand for food products through the formation of the necessary volumes of their supply. It is also important that the formation of a market for beef cattle breeding, the supply of products should be expressed through the exchange infrastructure: stock exchanges, wholesale markets, auctions, trading houses, company stores, retail trade, city markets. The foregoing confirms the objective need to form a market for beef cattle breeding, while adhering to the principle of competition, which can objectively reproduce the essence of market relations in determining prices, the volume of supply of products supplied to the market and their quality. The market must operate on the basis of the requirements of the laws of value, equilibrium of supply and demand, and fulfill its regulatory function. The advantages of the market system have been convincingly brought to light by many years of practical efficiency and it is recognized as the highest and perfect form of management. In the system of market relations, agriculture is an integral part of the national economic complex, the entire system of economic development. The article proposed by the author provides information on the situation on the market for beef cattle breeding, factors that affect its functioning, as well as the reasons that shape supply and demand. Separate inconsistencies in the activities of the subjects of the market of beef cattle breeding have been established, the elimination of which will provide an improvement in the actual state and improve its functioning. The author of the article guides the participants in the market of beef cattle breeding to take into account the peculiarities of its functioning in their activities, which will contribute to the formation of the necessary volumes of products to meet the existing demand on the market. Key words: market, meat cattle breeding, criteria, competitiveness, marketing, demand, supply, infrastructure.
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Zamaratskii, Dmitrii, Margarita Simakova, Guli Koltun, and Viktoriia Podvalova. "Veterinary and sanitary examination of yak slaughter products in case of invasive diseases in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020301031.
Full textAbstract:
Primorsky Territory is a platform for the intensification of the livestock industry in order to provide the population with high-quality meat products. However, the introduction of new species of animals (yaks, camels, highly productive breeds of cattle) to the territory of the region contributes to the emergence and spread of invasions among them. Fascioliasis, dictyocaulosis, piroplasmidosis are natural focal parasitic diseases of animals that are widespread in the Primorsky Territory. They are detected almost every day during the veterinary and sanitary examination of animal slaughter products. Despite the absence of a threat of infection with these diseases for humans through meat and by-products, there remains a risk of deterioration in the quality of such products and the development of defects in meat raw materials, which leads to the impossibility of further sale and consumption. Yaks were brought to the Primorsky Territory in 2010 as an experiment, and in 2015, farmers actively used these animals as beef cattle, since their simplicity in keeping significantly reduced the cost of the meat production process. The conditions of keeping yaks in the Primorsky Territory contributed to their infection with parasitic diseases, the extent of the invasion of which reached 60% and more.
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Liu, Yue, Ioannis Magouras, and Wing-Cheong Lo. "Modelling and Analyzing the Potential Controls for Neospora caninum Infection in Dairy Cattle Using an Epidemic Approach." Complexity 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5529987.
Full textAbstract:
Neospora caninum (N. caninum) infection, one of the major causes of abortions in dairy cattle, has brought a huge loss to farmers worldwide. In this study, we develop a six-compartment susceptible-infected model of N. caninum transmission which is later reduced to a two-equation system. Potential controls including medication, test-and-cull, and vaccination are proposed and analyzed, and the corresponding reproduction numbers are derived. The conditions for the global stabilities of disease-free and endemic equilibria are investigated with analytical solutions and geometric approach. Furthermore, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis shows that three control strategies are effective towards the varied environment, whereas the effectiveness of each measure highly depends on parameters related to control actions. Dynamics of reproduction numbers illustrate that disease elimination can be achieved by three types of controls: (1) adopting medication with medicine efficacy higher than 0.4 to prevent vertical transmission, (2) implementing test-and-cull with culling coverage larger than 0.3, and (3) taking vaccine with coverage larger than 0.1. Numerical results suggest that preventive measures should at least include the prevention of access of other hosts, such as dogs, to cattle; otherwise, these control measures will lose effectiveness. Our presented study provides guidance for decision-making on N. caninum infected farm management.
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Ludu, B. M., and B. K. Kan-ool. "Raising Hereford breed in the conditions of the Republic of Tuva." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-4-8.
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The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.
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Soekirno, Mardjan. "Jenis-jenis nyamuk di daerah kawasan industri sidangoli, halmahera dan maluku utara." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 2, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.2.1.27.
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Mosquitoes Species in Industrial Area Sidangoli, Halmahera, and North Maluku. A Study about mosquitoes species in industrial area Sidangoli, Halmahera, North Maluku was carried out from June 1993 to march 1994, Collections of mosquito from various habitats were done by six methods : (1) Collections of larvae and pupae from various habitats and reared in laboratory, (2) Night man-biting collection, (3) Night animal-biting collections or resting collections around cattle shelter, (4) Morning indoor resting collections, (5) Light trap collections, (6) Space spraying collections. All mosquitoes collected were than brought and identification to each species in the laboratory. The result showed that in industrial area Sidangoli have been identified 18 species of mosquitoes, which consist of 2 species Aedes, 6 species Anopheles, 8 species Culex, and 2 species Mansonia.
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Angers, Denis A., Martin H. Chantigny, Philippe Rochette, and Bernard Gagnon. "Dynamics of soil water-extractable organic C following application of dairy cattle manures." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 5 (November 1, 2006): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-092.
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Water-extractable organic C (WEOC) is a determinant driver of several soil and environmental processes, and can be influenced by management practices such as organic amendment. Our objective was to study the dynamics of soil WEOC following application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil under field conditions. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years to silage corn fields at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha-1. Soil WEOC was monitored the day after application and weekly or biweekly thereafter in manured and control (mineral fertilizers) plots. Liquid and solid manure S brought on average 39 and 13 g WEOC m-2, respectively. These amounts are much larger than the increases measured in soil WEOC during the hours and days following manure application (0 to 30 mg kg-1, equivalent to 0 to 3 g m-2). Moreover, manure addition had little effects in the 10- to 30-cm soil layer. The rapid and extensive adsorption of manure WEOC onto mineral surfaces likely explains the limited effects of manure on soil WEOC. This adsorption process was presumably exacerbated by the mixing of manure and soil resulting from the tillage operation. Soil temperature and respiration appeared to have determinant influence on the level of soil WEOC content in the post-harvest period. Overall, temporal variations in soil WEOC contents were large and generally greater than the fluctuations directly attributable to manure addition. Key words: Soil organic C, extractable C, dairy manure, silage corn
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Verbuch, I. V., and O. V. Medvid. "GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT REGULARITIES AND EXTERNAL CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES OF REPAIR YOUNG CATTLE BROUGHT THROUGH THE CROSSBREEDING OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY AND SWISS BREEDS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 60 (November 23, 2020): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.60.02.
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Goal. To study the influence of interbreeding of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy cows with bulls of Swiss breeds on growth and development and exterior-constitutional features of repair young stock. Methods. Selection-genetic analysis, comparative, statistical. Results. Research and production studies were conducted on the basis of the breeding plant of SE "Pasichna" ICSGP NAAS "Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region on the population of purebred animals of the Podolsk factory type of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed (UCHRMP) and local animals obtained from crossbreeding bulls of the Swiss breed. According to the results of experimental studies in identical conditions of feeding and keeping young animals of the experimental groups, it was found that the highest live weight, both at birth and in subsequent age periods is characterized by local young animals. However, a significant difference between the groups of 12.9 kg (td = 2.15; P > 0.95) in favor of crossbreeds is observed only at the age of 18 months. When studying the absolute increase in live weight of experimental calves in the three-month dynamics of postnatal ontogenesis, which is an indicator of the intensity of animal growth, the advantage of local animals over purebred peers was also established. The largest significant difference in their favor is observed at the age of 7–9 months (3.1 kg, td = 2.29, P > 0.95). In all other periods of cultivation, the difference is not significant. Comparative characteristics of the degree of stress in the growth of animals, which was determined by the relative increase in live weight in the three-month dynamics showed that the most intensively growing animals of both groups from birth to 3 months of age (168.0–169.3%), then – with increasing age, the growth rate gradually decreases. A significant difference between the experimental groups, according to the above indicators, has not been established. The average daily gains in live weight of animals, for all periods considered, were higher in local animals. On average, from birth to 18 months of age, they were: local heifers 660 g, purebred – 637 g. External evaluation of the studied groups of heifers showed that purebred young at 18 months of age had the highest height at the withers by 1.2 cm, height in the buttocks – 1.4 and oblique length of the torso and buttocks, respectively, 0.8 and 0.7 cm compared to local young, but inferior to the latter in latitudinal measurements: chest width 1.2 cm, width in macula – 0.9 and width in the buttocks – 1.1 cm. In general, animals of both groups are well developed and have a harmonious physique. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of live weight of experimental groups of heifers, aged from birth to 18 months of age, show that local young animals obtained from crossing cows of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed with bulls of Swiss breed have slightly better performance than peers of purebred animals . However, the difference between the groups is in most cases unlikely. External evaluation of the studied groups of heifers showed that purebred young for all considered periods, from birth to 18 months of age, have higher indicators in height at the withers, height in the buttocks and oblique length of the torso and buttocks, but inferior to local in latitudinal measurements : chest width, width in macula and width in the buttocks. Thus, it can be argued that when using crossbreeding of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cows with bulls of Swiss breed, the obtained young animals have slightly higher rates of growth and development, which will further positively affect the size and quality of milk productivity, reproductive capacity and duration use of cows herd.
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Yeruham, Israel, Michael Van Ham, Yehuda Stram, Orly Friedgut, Hagai Yadin, Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu, and Yehuda Braverman. "Epidemiological Investigation of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Outbreaks in Israel." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/290541.
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Outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) occurred in Israel in 1990, 1999, and 2004. The main patterns of BEF spread were similar in the 1990 and in 1999 epidemics, and the BEF virus was probably carried in vectors transported by air streams across the Rift Valley and the Red Sea. In the 2004 outbreak, the primary focus of the disease was the southern Mediterranean coastal plain and the disease agent was apparently brought by infected mosquitoes carried from their breeding site in the Nile Delta by the south-western winds. The disease broke out under optimal ecological conditions, among a vulnerable cattle population and spread rapidly; it showed essentially a spring-summer herd incidence and terminated soon after the night average ambient temperature fell below in late autumn. The herd incidence of the disease reached 78.4%, 97.7%, and 100% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. The highest herd incidence, morbidity, and case fatality rates were noted in dairy cattle herds in the Jordan Valley, with morbidity of 20%, 38.6%, and 22.2%, and case fatality rate among affected animals of 2%, 8.6%, and 5.4% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. The average sero-positivity to BEF in 1999 was 39.5%, which matched the morbidity rate. Comparison among the various age groups showed that the lowest morbidity rates were observed in the youngest age group, that is, heifers up to 1 year, with 3.2%, 3.6%, and 4.2% in 1990, 1999, and 2004, respectively. In heifers from 1 year to calving, the morbidity rates were 13.8%, 14.9%, and 28%, respectively, in first calvers 30.8%, 31.6%, and 28.3%, respectively, and in cows 34.3%, 35.7%, and 27.2%, respectively. All affected cattle were over the age of 3 months. It is hypothesized that mosquitoes and notCulicoidesspp. are the vectors of the BEF virus in Israel.
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Willadsen, P., P. Bird, G. S. Cobon, and J. Hungerford. "Commercialisation of a recombinant vaccine againstBoophilus microplus." Parasitology 110, S1 (March 1995): S43—S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000001487.
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SummaryIncreasingly, there is need for methods to control cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) infestations by the use of non-chemical technology. This need is brought about by a mixture of market forces and the failure or inadequacy of existing technology. A recombinant vaccine has now been developed against the tick. This vaccine relies on the uptake with the blood meal of antibody directed against a critical protein in the tick gut. The isolation of the vaccine antigen, Bm86, and its production as a recombinant protein is briefly described. The vaccine has been tested in the field, has been taken through the full registration process and is now in commercial use in Australia. A related development has occurred in Cuba. The potential for improvement of the current vaccine and for the development of similar vaccines against other haematophagous parasites is discussed.
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Xin, Aiguo, Mingwang Zhu, Zhenqi Peng, Qi Hu, Chenhong Shi, Defang Liao, Jihua Wang, and Huachun Li. "Genomic Changes in an Attenuated ZB Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype Asia1 and Comparison with Its Virulent Parental Strain." International Journal of Genomics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/978609.
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The molecular basis of attenuation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia1 ZB strain remains unknown. To understand the genetic changes of attenuation, we compared the entire genomes of three different rabbit-passaged attenuated ZB strains (ZB/CHA/58(att), ZBRF168, and ZBRF188) and their virulent parental strains (ZBCF22 and YNBS/58). The results showed that attenuation may be brought about by 28 common amino acid substitutions in the coding region, with one nucleotide point mutation in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) and another one in the 3′-UTR. In addition, a total of 21 nucleotides silent mutations had been found after attenuation. These substitutions, alone or in combination, may be responsible for the attenuated phenotype of the ZB strain in cattle. This will contribute to elucidation of attenuating molecular basis of the FMDV ZB strain.
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Іlyashenko, G. D. "DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN KIROVOGRAD REGION." Animal Breeding and Genetics 57 (April 24, 2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.57.08.
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Dairy cattle breeding is one of the leading livestock sectors whose purpose is to ensure the production of high quality dairy raw materials in volumes meeting the scientifically grounded standards of state food security and expanding the export potential of the agrarian sector.
The purpose of our research was to study the status and prospects of dairy cattle breeding in the Kirovograd region.
Material and methods of research. The research was carried out on the basis of the electronic database of breeding goals (including 2312 cows), official statistics and estimates of cattle of various breeds that are involved in the production of dairy direction in the breeding farms of the Kirovograd region. The analysis used zootechnical and statistical methods. The calculations were carried out using the software package "STATISTICA-6,1"
Results. According to the research (2001–2018), the cattle population in the Kirovograd oblast decreased by a factor of 2.6. Thus, as of January 1, 2018, its number constituted 96.3 thousand heads in all categories of farms, 53.1 thousand of them were cows, the number of which also decreased by 2.4 times. Specific gravity of cattle population of farms remains significant and makes up 72.7%, and 80.6% in the livestock of cows. The largest number of cows of agricultural enterprises declined significantly. Thus, as of January 1, 2018, their number was 10.3 thousand goals, which is 4.7 times less than in the same period of 2001. In the households there is also a tendency for a permanent reduction of cows, the difference is, respectively, 37.0 thousand heads or 46.4%
The development of dairy cattle breeding is characterized by two opposite tendencies: reduction of livestock of cows and increase of their productivity. Thus, in agricultural enterprises in 2010, compared to 2000, hopes per cow increased by 2.5 times, in all categories of farms by 1.8 times. In 2017, the increase in dairy costs in agricultural enterprises compared to 2010 amounted to 60.0% in farms of all categories 12.2%.
The researches found that in the agricultural enterprises of the oblast as of January 1, 2018 there are 26256 head of cattle, including 10281 cows. The breeding part of the existing cows is 3.013 heads, 29.3% of the total number located in 10 breeding farms.
The analysis of the genealogy structure showed that the experimental population of cows belongs to 18 lines and related groups of which the most numerous Chifa 1427381 – 20.4%, Starbuck 352790 – 20.1%, Henev 1629391 – 18.6% , Eleusis 1491007 – 11.2%, Family 267150 – 10.8%.
Among the indicated lines, the lowest level of milk productivity was first-born cows. The 1491007, the milk of milk for 305 days of lactation was 4466 ± 99.8 kg, and the milk fat was 168.2 ± 6.5 kg. Analogues l Starbak 352779 was characterized by the highest milk productivity, its level was 5696 + 98.8 kg and 224.9 ± 9.7 kg, respectively. The difference in stomach was 1230 ± 140.4 kg (td = 10.2) and at the release of milk fat 56.7 ± 5.28 kg (td = 10.2) at P < 0.001. However, the latter were markedly less service life (125 against 168 days) and logically higher reproduction rate compared to other lines.
An analysis of the intensity of the formation of live weight of young animals has been established for its highest growth in heifers of controlled herds in the period from 9 to 12 months. Thus, in animals of Ukrainian red breed, the growth rate of live weight during this period was 75 kg, Ukrainian red-shrimp 61 kg, Ukrainian black-and-white 73 kg, Holstein 76 kg. Accordingly, during this period, the average daily gain of live weight of young breeds of these breeds was 833 g; 678 g; 811 g, 835 g. The sharp fluctuations of average daily increments during growing periods, first of all, testify to the unequal conditions of growing and feeding young animals than the breed differences. In general, as a result of the analysis of the formation of live weight of heifers, a significant level of phenotypic variability was observed, which confirms sufficient genetic resources and preconditions for selection on the given sign.
Therefore, proceeding from the above, in the long run, selection work for breeding improvement of cattle breeding farms of the Kirovograd region should be conducted in accordance with certain promising directions according to groups of breeds.
Conclusions. A very important factor in the growth of milk production in the Kirovograd region is high-yield pedigree cattle. The main task on the way of bringing breeding cases in dairy farming to the modern level is the introduction of computer breeding records in breeding farms. This will allow to estimate in the near future bulls-pedigrees, which were used in the past in these farms, to allocate among them complex improvers for precisely the specific conditions and maximally attract them for reproduction. On the other hand, a reliable clogging of poor quality in the genetic sense of sperm production, which leads to negative consequences, will be posed.
When establishing the assessment of the breeding value of bulls and developing a single plan of breeding and breeding work in the region, one can proceed to the next step of improving breeding and breeding business, introducing a progressive method of raising the breeding value of animals of large-scale breeding. As a result, the profit from the breeding of highly productive animals, well adapted to specific conditions, will significantly exceed the costs. At the same time, the proposed measures will allow the breeding business to be brought up to the modern world level and stimulate highly productive cattle breeding.