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Journal articles on the topic 'Cattle Ovaries'
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Borges, Á. M., C. H. Santana, and R. L. Santos. "Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii do not suppress ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy in cattle: case report." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 3 (May 2021): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12221.
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ABSTRACT Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii is an ovarian pathologic change characterized by replacement of the normal single layered cuboidal epithelium of the rete ovarii by a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Uterus and ovaries from a local slaughterhouse pregnant crossbreed cow were evaluated through ultrasound, macroscopically and histologically. Grossly, there were multiple cysts in both ovaries, which were histologically characterized as rete ovarii cysts with squamous metaplasia and intraluminal accumulation of keratinized material. Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii has been previously reported in cows, however this is the first report of this condition in a pregnant animal, demonstrating that this ovarian change is compatible with pregnancy.
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Sonjaya, Herry, M. Yusuf, A. Hamdana, Renny Fatmyah Utamy, Sri Gustina, and Hasbi Hasbi. "Effect of Bali cattle ovarian status on oocytes nuclear maturation and in vitro fertilization rate." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 22, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i4.1585.
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<p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether the reproductive status influences the nuclear maturation and fertilization rates of bali cattle oocytes in vitro. Several pairs of ovary were classified into four groups: 1) ovaries with Corpus Luteum (CL) and Dominant Follicle (DF), 2) ovaries without CL and with DF, 3) ovaries with CL and without DF, 4) ovaries without both CL and DF. In the first experiment, oocytes were collected by slicing method in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and 100 IU/ml penicillin streptomycin. Oocytes were matured in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 10 IU/ml Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), 10 IU/ml Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and 50 μg/ml gentamycin. Oocytes were matured in 5% CO2 incubator, 38oC for 24 h. In the second experiment, oocytes were matured and then fertilized in vitro to observe pronuclear formation. The first experiment showed that the percentage of oocytes reached methaphase-II (MII) stage on ovaries with CL and without DF (89.47%) were higher (P<0,01) compared to ovaries without both CL and DF (75,47%), ovaries without CL and with DF (74.,41%), or ovaries with CL and DF (65,52%). The result of second experiment showed that the ovarian reproductive status was not significantly different (P>0.05) on fertilization rate.</p>
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SHIOYA, Yasuo, and Akira HANADA. "Superovulation of cattle bearing cystic ovaries." Japanese journal of animal reproduction 31, no. 2 (1985): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd1977.31.93.
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Ozdas, O. B., M. Tas, U. Cirit, M. Evecen, K. Demir, S. Bacinoglu, K. Ak, and I. K. Ileri. "291 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TRANSPORT TEMPERATURES (+4°C, +32°C) ON IN VITRO MATURATION OF OOCYTES COLLECTED FROM CATTLE AND SHEEP OVARIES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab291.
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At present, blastocyst rates in embryos obtained from in vitro maturation of oocytes, and their fertilization and culture, is still not at the desired level. One of the most important problems encountered in in vitro culture studies is seen in the maturation period of oocytes until they reach the fertilizable level. Transport time of the ovaries and, in particular, temperature of the transport medium used are among the factors affecting complete maturation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different transport temperatures (4°C, 32°C) of sheep and cattle ovaries on the in vitro maturation of oocytes. Two experimental groups were formed in the study. Sheep and cattle ovaries were put into saline solution at 32°C. The ovaries were transported at the same temperature (Group I) or at 4°C following a 10-min incubation at room temperature (Group II), in 2–4 h to the laboratory (n = 6). For each group, oocytes were collected from ovaries using the dissection method and selected oocytes were matured in their own group in 700 μL TCM-199 (supplemented with pyruvate, LH, FCS) for 23 h at a gas atmosphere of 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2 and at 38.8°C. At the end of maturation, oocytes were cleansed from their cumulus oophorus cells and fixed in acetic acid-ethyl alcohol (1:3) for 48 h. The developmental stages until MII of oocytes stained with aceto-orcein were then examined under the phase contrast microscope. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (Table 1). While oocytes obtained from sheep ovaries transported at +32°C reached the MII stage at a faster rate compared to those at +4°C (P < 0.001), no statistically significant difference was observed between the maturation to the MII stage of oocytes obtained from cattle ovaries transported at +4°C and +32°C. As a result of this study, while it was established that cattle ovaries could be transported at both +4°C and +32°C and that there was no difference in oocyte maturation, a medium temperature of +4°C was determined to be unsuitable for transporting sheep ovaries. Table 1. Stages of development in sheep and cattle oocytes after 23 h of culture This work was supported by Istanbul University.
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El-Sayed, G., Mohamed El-Diasty, and Hadeer Magdy. "Effect of progesterone on some reproductive performances in cattle." Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal 20, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35943/mvmj.2019.22.109.
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Our experiment was conducted at a special dairy farm in Dakahlia Governorate between the periods (March –May 2018), This farm consisted of 400 Holestien cows; from the total of the animals only 210 lactating cows. The established experiment applied on 40 cows suffered from different types of anestrum detected by ultrasonography as follow (15 cows suffer from cystic ovary, 15 cows suffer from smooth inactive ovaries and 10 cows suffer from persist corpus luteum to study the effect of progesterone device insertion in dairy cattle and its effect in fertility. On day 0, cattle at random stage of estrous cycle received controlled internal drug release vaginal insert (CIDR).We left the CIDR in the vagina for seven days as we inject PGF2 on day 6 and remove the CIDR on day 7, blood samples were collected from 25 animals at zero day, 3rd, 7th and 9th day from the tail vein, and then we follow the estrous and detected the estrus cow for AI and apply ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis after 30 day from insemination From this study it was concluded that the use of progesterone for 7 days +i.m. injection of PGF2α in the 7th day can applied to dairy cattle to restart ovarian activity and it is an effective treatment for different infertility cases like cystic ovarian disease, persist corpus luteum and smooth in active ovaries. Moreover present study provides evidence for the importance of prior exposure to progesterone for cows to express estrous behavior, increase number of pregnant animals and increase conception rate.
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Priyo Jr, Topas Wicaksono, Agung Budiyanto, and Asmarani Kusumawati. "Pengaruh Ukuran Ovarium dan Folikel Terhadap Penampilan Reproduksi pada Sapi Po dan Simpo di Kecamatan Jatinom, Kabupaten Klaten." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 38, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.43960.
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The increasing beef cattle population in Indonesia is not significantly with high demand of meat every year. The insignificant increasing in population is caused by fertility decreasing, infectious disease and the reduction amount of forage land. The factor which causes cattle fertility decreasing can’t be separated from the ovarian and follicular diameter which have an effect on high various reproductive appearance. Parameters that use for knowing reproductive appearance of cattle are Service per Conception (S/C) and Calving Interval (CI). The aims of this study is to describe ovary sizes and follicular diameter in cattle, to describe ovary and follicular diameter toward S/C and CI variation. This research uses female cattle, 8 SimmentalPO (SimPO) and 9 Ongole breeds (PO), multiparous, are not pregnant, 4-8 years old, Body Condition Score (BCS) 2.5-3.5, peak phase estrus, has no reproductive problems, clear recordings and live in the area of farmer in Jatinom District, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province. Cattle are examined for ovarian size and follicle size using ultrasonography. S/C and CI data were obtained from records of artificial insemination cards (AI). The data obtained were analyzed by t test. The results of this study showed there were no differences in the diameter of ovaries in the size of SimPO and PO cattle (P> 0.05), there were no differences in the diameter of SimPO and PO cattle follicles (> 0.05), there were differences in ovarian and follicular diameter sizes with respect to S/C and CI in cattle with good and bad reproductive performance (P <0.05). The conclusion of the study showed that there was no difference in ovarian and follicular diameter size in SimPO and PO cattle (P> 0.05) but there was an influence on S/C and CI (P <0.05).
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Liamanu, Sukardi, Lentji Rinny Ngangi, Santie H. Turangan, and Jouke H. Manopo. "RESPON OVARIUM SAPI LIMOUSIN DAN SIMMENTAL TERHADAP INDUKSI FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE." ZOOTEC 38, no. 2 (October 22, 2018): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.38.2.2018.21262.
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OVARIUM RESPONSE OF LIMOUSIN COWS AND SIMMENTAL COWS ON FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE INDUCTION. To assess the effect of FSH administration on ovarian response rates. and to examine the effect of synchronizing follicular waves on ovarian response rates and the acquisition of embryos that are worthy of transfer. This research was carried out at the Laboratory of Embryo Production of Livestock Embryo Hall Cipelang Cijeruk district, Bogor regency, for 30 days. The materials used in this research were 50 cattle consisting of 25 female Limousin cows and 25 Simmental female cows at the aged around 5-7 years. They have given birth, and have been superovulated, at the body condition score (BCS) of 2.5-3.0, at the healthy and given forage and concentrate (BET protocol). FSH used was the Folltropin®-V brand superovulation with a dose of 20 mg / ml, the cement used was in accordance with the type of donor cow, with a concentration of 25 x 106 spermatozoa per straw. Primary data retrieval were done by observing the focal animal sampling technique requiring direct observation in the research location where the research material was located. The variables measured were response rate, number of corpus luteum (CL) in the left and right ovaries, the total collected embryos and ovum. Superovulation using Folltropin®-V in Simmental and Limousin cattle at Cipelang Livestock Embryo gave more significantly effect on Simmental cattle compared to Limousin cattle. Limousin and Simmental cattle supplemented with the hormone Folltropin®-V produced an average number of CL, embryos and ovum in Simmental cattle higher than Limousin cattle superovulated with FSH hormone. They have also a significant effect on the response rate, recovery rate, average CL number and the average number of embryos. The results obtained showed that Limousin and Simmental cattle differences significantly affected the number of collected embryos and ovum, the proportion of transferable embryos, Degenerate (Dg) embryo proportions and unfertilized proportion of Embryo Unfertilized (UF).Keywords: Limousin cows, Simmental cows, Superovulasi, FSH
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Ireland, J. J., G. W. Smith, D. Scheetz, F. Jimenez-Krassel, J. K. Folger, J. L. H. Ireland, F. Mossa, P. Lonergan, and A. C. O. Evans. "Does size matter in females? An overview of the impact of the high variation in the ovarian reserve on ovarian function and fertility, utility of anti-Müllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for fertility and causes of variation in the ovarian reserve in cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd10226.
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The mechanism whereby the inherently high variation in ovary size and the total number of high-quality oocytes in ovaries (ovarian reserve) impact on ovarian function and fertility, diagnostics to measure the size of the ovarian reserve and the factors that cause variation in the ovarian reserve are unknown. Our results show that cattle can be phenotyped reliably based on the number of antral follicles growing during follicular waves (antral follicle count, AFC). Young adult cattle with a consistently low v. a high AFC have smaller gonads, a markedly diminished ovarian reserve and many other phenotypic characteristics usually associated with ovarian aging and infertility. A powerful new approach based on a single measurement of serum concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is described to test the longstanding hypothesis that the size of the ovarian reserve is positively associated with fertility. Also, new evidence shows that maternal environment has a critical role in regulation of the high variation in the ovarian reserve and perhaps fertility in offspring. These results support the conclusion that the inherently high variation in the ovarian reserve, potentially caused by alterations in the maternal environment, has a negative impact on ovarian function that may result in suboptimal fertility in young adult cattle, and a single AMH measurement can be used reliably in future studies to determine if fertility is suboptimal in young adult cattle with low circulating AMH concentrations and a correspondingly diminished ovarian reserve.
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Tachibana, C., S. Kabeya, A. H. Sugulle, H. Koyama, J. Singh, and O. Dochi. "316 EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER FREQUENCY ON FOLLICLE IDENTIFICATION ACCURACY IN CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab316.
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Ultrasoundsonography (US) is an essential tool for the study of reproductive physiology and is particularly useful in research on ovarian follicular dynamics in cattle. The resolution of the US images obtained, however, differs according to the frequency of the transducer used. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transducer frequency on the accuracy of follicle identification in cattle. A Honda HS-2000 sonograph equipped with 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 MHz of B-mode linear rectal transducers was used in this study. A total of 22 ovaries with corpus luteum were collected from a local slaughterhouse. Each ovary was fixed on a paraffin block, immersed in de-gassed water, the transducer was placed at a distance of 1 cm from the surface, and sequential images from one end to other end of ovary were obtained at a distance of 1 mm. All follicles were aspirated by needle after imaging and were then injected with a pigment after counting by all frequencies. Subsequently, following freezing, 5-mm sections of ovaries were cut and the number of follicles in the sections was counted using a megascope. The follicles were classified into 4 groups according to their diameter: 2 to 3 mm, 4 to 6 mm, 7 to 10 mm, and 11 mm. The number of follicles observed using the megascope was compared with those observed at the 3 US frequencies. The ovaries were classified according to corpus luteum (CL) by determining the condition of the CL. Very red and small-sized CL (stage 1: ovary ovulated within 3 days), elastic and bigger CL (stage 2: ovary ovulated at 4 to 14 days), and regressed CL with yellow color (stage 3: ovary ovulated at 15 to 20 days). The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The results revealed no difference (P > 0.05) in the number of follicles observed in any size category using the US transducers and the megascope. Further, there were no differences between the different transducer frequencies and megascopic observations in terms of the number of follicles ≥4 mm in diameter. The stage of estrus in the ovary also had no effect on the number of follicles observed regardless of follicular size or the US frequency used. In conclusion, these results indicated that follicles could be counted accurately in excised ovaries using 5.0-, 7.5-, and 10.0-MHz transducers. Table 1.The average number of follicles in different frequencies and megascopic (n = 22)
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Gard, J. A., J. Roberts, T. Braden, M. Mansour, J. Yelich, K. Irsik, O. Rae, and J. G. Wenzel. "119 ASSESSMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DYSPLASIA UTILIZING ULTRASOUND AND HISTOLOGIC EXAMINATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab119.
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A slaughterhouse study commissioned by Florida Cattleman’s Association in 2007 identified ovarian follicular dysplasia (OFD) as a primary cause of infertility in Florida beef cows. Ovaries with OFD have progressive bilateral development of solid clustered follicles containing multiple Call-Exner bodies that originate in the rete ovarii and the hilar region, and progress into the cortex to eventually form bilateral Sertoli-type granulosa theca cell tumours (GTCT). The objectives of this study were to assess the distribution of OFD in cull animals and to evaluate utilisation of ultrasound for diagnosis of OFD in cattle. Ultrasound images of the right and left ovaries from 390 cull cows and heifers representing 4 Florida ranches were made with 5-MHz linear probes (Aloka, Ibex). Then, 10 to 12 females per ranch were followed to slaughter the proceeding day for collection of reproductive tracts. The fixed ovaries were measured, sectioned para-sagittally through the hilus, photographed, and arranged in histology cassettes for complete examination of the cut surface. Large ovarian structures including corpus luteum, Graafian follicles, atretic follicles, dysplastic follicles, rete ovarii, dysplastic follicles, and tumours were counted and measured for each ovary. Ovaries with OFD were graded I to IV. Grade I OFD contained small individual dysplastic follicles with diameter less than 200 µm mostly limited to the rete ovarii and medulla. Grade II OFD possessed dysplastic follicles greater than 200 µm diameter that were present in the medulla and cortex. Grade III OFD had extensive multi-sized dysplastic follicles scattered throughout the entire cortex of the ovary and Grade IV OFD had Sertoli-type GTCT. Grade II–IV often had dystrophic mineralization of dysplastic follicles. Gross morphology of fixed sagittal sections and ultrasound images were blindly compared against OFD grade in 40 individual ovaries. The OFD was identified at slaughter in 29/41 cows and in 1/5 of heifers. The distribution of OFD for 30 affected females was Gr I 16/30, Gr II 9/30, Gr III 4/30, and Gr IV 1/30. Characteristics that could be detected by routine ultrasound included increased size and length, increased hyperechogenicity and decreased number of fluid-filled follicles. Hyperechogenic shadows were evident in higher grade OFD. The study demonstrated that Grade III and IV OFD can be observed by routine ultrasound but Grade I and II may require higher resolution ultrasound probes, imaging analysis software, or Doppler ultrasound.
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Farin, Peter W., and Charles T. Estill. "Infertility Due to Abnormalities of the Ovaries in Cattle." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 9, no. 2 (July 1993): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30647-2.
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Pierson, R. A., and O. J. Ginther. "Ultrasonic imaging of the ovaries and uterus in cattle." Theriogenology 29, no. 1 (January 1988): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(88)90029-5.
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Lu, K. H., I. Gordon, M. P. Boland, and T. F. Crosby. "In Vitro Fertilization of Bovine Oocytes Matured In Vitro." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1997): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034693.
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The development of an efficient laboratory procedure which would enable cattle ovarian oocytes to be matured in vitro, fertilized and cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage of development could have important practical and scientific implications. The commercial exploitation of certain embryo transfer techniques applicable in cattle (eg., twinning by embryo transfer) might be facilitated by the development of such a procedure and there would be many advantages to having a cheap source of embryos available for research purposes. The present report deals with some of the studies recently carried out in this laboratory aimed at utilising follicular oocytes recovered from the ovaries of cattle slaughtered for beef at the abattoir. Such studies have been undertaken over a period of almost twenty years, starting with the work of Sreenan (1968)* but it now realised that the oocytes of farm mammals are incapable of normal development until after the completion of complex changes during maturation.
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Rudakov, Roman, Liliya Khamitova, Anastasiya Metlyakova, and Vyacheslav Milaev. "System of prevention of gynaecological diseases in high-productive cows under in a farm in the Udmurt Republic." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700094.
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The purpose of the work is to develop a system for the restoration of the genital organs of cows after calving. We studied the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for the incidence of genital diseases of cows. The studies were conducted based on a complex of cattle of Black Motley breed at the facilities of Rico-Agro LLC in the Uvinsky district, Udmurt Republic. The average milk yield per lactation is 6250 kg. Most animals are susceptible to ovarian disease. The incidence of ovaries hypofunction increases annually. In the study of cows on the 60th day after calving, it was found that the uterus was ready for insemination in 86% of cows. However, the condition of the ovaries allows insemination of only 50% of the cows. The remaining animals needed treatment. The most common pathology was ovarian hypofunction. This is more common in highly productive cows and cows with a low body mass index. Three regimens for treating ovaries have been tested. The most effective Scheme 2 included Surfagon and an emulsion from ASD-2 and Tetravit. In the Scheme 2 group, 6 out of 8 cows were first successfully inseminated. It was established that using Estrofan on the first day after calving, it is possible to reduce the number of persistent corpus luteum.
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Presicce, Giorgio A., Jie Xu, Guochun Gong, Juan F. Moreno, Sanjeev Chaubal, Fei Xue, Antonino Bella, et al. "Oocyte Source and Hormonal Stimulation forIn VitroFertilization Using Sexed Spermatozoa in Cattle." Veterinary Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/145626.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of in vitro embryo production in cattle utilizing sexed sperm from two bulls and oocytes recovered by OPU. Twenty donor animals were employed in eight OPU replicates: the first four OPU trials were conducted on animals without hormone treatment, and the last four were run on the same animals, following FSH subcutaneous and intramuscular administration. A higher rate of blastocyst development was recorded in stimulated, as compared to nonstimulated animals, (25.2% versus 12.8%, ). Ocytes derived from slaughterhouse (SH) ovaries were also fertilized with sperm from the same bulls. Overall, non-sexed sperm used with oocytes derived from SH ovaries was significantly more efficient for blastocyst development than was sexed sperm with these same SH derived oocytes and sexed sperm with stimulated donor oocytes (39.8% versus 25.0% and 25.2%, ). In conclusion, the use of sexed sperm with OPU-derived oocytes resulted in a significantly higher blastocyst development when donors were hormonally stimulated; furthermore, the level of efficiency achieved was comparable to that attained when the same sexed sperm was tested on oocytes derived from SH ovaries.
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Pestis, V. K., L. V. Golubets, and A. S. Deshko. "Assisted reproductive technologies in cattle reproduction and selection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 57, no. 2 (May 18, 2019): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-2-192-203.
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In vitro technology is one of the most dynamically developing and more and more stable biotechnological methods today accelerating selection, intensifying reproductive and genetic potential of breeding animals, allowing to increase breeding young animals production by one champion cow up to 5–10 calves per year, reduce generation interval and significantly accelerate process of updating and qualitative improvement of livestock. However, obtaining oocytes competent for in vitro development is one of the critical factors determining success of the method and depending on a number of biological and technical factors. This paper presents results of studies on effect of biological factors of direct and indirect impact on efficiency of obtaining oocytes in the system of transvaginal aspiration for the first time conducted in the Republic of Belarus. Yield of excellent and good quality oocytes increased during aspiration during the luteal phase of estrous cycle and remained almost unchanged during aspiration into the follicular phase. Presence of follicles with diameter over 8 mm in the ovaries during aspiration reduced yield of excellent and good quality oocytes averagely by 9.4 percentage points. Removing the dominant follicle 72 hours prior to aspiration allowed increasing the number of aspirated follicles by 41 %, and yield of oocytes – by 22.9 %. Microstimulation of ovaries prior to aspiration by follicle-stimulating hormones FSG-super and Plusset increased efficiency of aspiration in terms of the main indicators by 19.2–45.9 %. Follicular cyst or persistent corpus luteum in one of the ovaries reduced both quantitative and qualitative indicators of aspiration. The data obtained are of practical importance for development of technology for in vitro embryo production in the system of transvaginal aspiration of oocytes which will help to accelerate breeding process and increase efficiency of breeding work in livestock production in general.Acknowledgments. The research was conducted within the two state research programs: “Biotechnology”, subprogram “Development of biological science, biological education and biological industry for 2007–2011 and for the period up to 2020”, “High technologies and equipment for 2016-2020”, subprogram 1 “Innovative biotechnologies–2020”.
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Skovorodin, E. N. "THE EFFECT GESTATION COURSE ON EMBRYOGENESIS OF OVARIES IN CATTLE." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 49, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-49-1-87-99.
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O'Donnell, M. J., and H. Dobson. "Useful signs for the diagnosis of cystic ovaries in cattle." Veterinary Record 148, no. 12 (March 24, 2001): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.148.12.381.
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Tebble, J. E., M. J. O'Donnell, and H. Dobson. "Ultrasound diagnosis and treatment outcome of cystic ovaries in cattle." Veterinary Record 148, no. 13 (March 31, 2001): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.148.13.411.
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Peixer, M., P. Malard, J. Carvalho, M. Dode, J. Viana, and R. Pogue. "174 Use of mesenchymal stem cell treatment to improve oocyte yield and invitro embryo production in cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab174.
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Cumulative tissue damage and chronic inflammation associated with frequent ovum pickup (OPU) may lead to a progressive reduction in the number and quality of the oocytes recovered, particularly in donors with a high antral follicle count. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intraovarian treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on oocyte yield, quality, and development potential during invitro embryo production (IVEP) in cattle donors undergoing repeated OPU. Mesenchymal stem cells were previously isolated from adipose tissue, cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium until reaching 80% confluence, isolated with trypsin, and frozen in liquid N2 until use. Characterisation of MSC was carried out according to the guidelines of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Nelore (Bos indicus) cows (n=5) were used in this study, with the ovaries as replicates. The cows underwent eight OPU sessions at 15-day intervals, and the oocytes recovered were graded and used for IVEP with the semen of a single sire and batch under similar invitro culture conditions. To ensure a high inflammatory response, immediately after the fourth OPU session all ovaries received 30 additional punctures, performed with a 16-gauge Jelco needle. Six hours later, the left ovary of each cow was injected with 500µL of Dulbecco's modified phosphate buffered saline (control ovary) and the right ovary received 500µL of Dulbecco's modified phosphate buffered saline with 2.5×106 allogenic MSC (treated ovary). Oocyte yield and embryo production before and after treatment were recorded for each ovary and donor. Grade I blastocysts produced from control and treated ovaries were used for gene expression evaluation. Data was analysed using the repeated-measures procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) to account for the effects of treatment, time, and interactions. There was no difference (P>0.05) in any endpoint before treatment (sessions 1-4) between the right and left ovaries. Thus, differences between ovaries observed in OPU sessions 5-8 were assumed to be due to the treatment. After the injection of MSC, more total and viable oocytes were collected from the right ovaries compared with the left ovaries (15.3±2.2 vs. 8.7±1.2 (P<0.02) and 13.6±2.1 vs. 7.1±1.0 (P<0.01), respectively), resulting in more embryos produced invitro (7.6±1.2 vs. 3.6±0.6, respectively; P<0.01) as well as more initial and expanded blastocysts (1.4±0.3 vs. 0.4±0.1 and 4.4±0.9 vs. 2.1±0.4, respectively; P<0.04). The proportion of viable oocytes recovered from the right ovary after treatment was greater than that from the left ovary (89.1% vs. 81.5%; P<0.05). However, blastocyst rates did not differ between ovaries before or after treatment (50.4% vs. 55.5%: P>0.05). In the blastocysts produced from treated ovaries, SLC2A3 was overexpressed (P<0.04), whereas there was no difference for the expression of KRT8, PLAC8, SLC2A1, CASP3, PRDX3, or SOD2 (P>0.05), suggesting potential differences in glucose uptake and metabolism. In conclusion, intraovarian treatment with MSC improved oocyte yield and quality and may be an alternative to increase IVEP from donors under intensive OPU schedules. This research was supported by CNPq, CAPES, and Fazenda Grupo Esplanada.
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Mossa, Francesca, and James J. Ireland. "PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Anti-Müllerian hormone: a biomarker for the ovarian reserve, ovarian function, and fertility in dairy cows." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 4 (January 21, 2019): 1446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz022.
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Abstract This review summarizes studies we conducted to test the hypothesis that size of the ovarian reserve (number of healthy follicles and oocytes in ovaries) positively impacts ovarian function and fertility in cattle. Key results, primarily in Bos taurus dairy cattle, show that antral follicle count (AFC) during follicular waves is highly variable between individuals, but very highly repeatable within individuals. Cycling heifers with low (≤15 follicles ≥3 mm, ~20% of a herd) vs. a high AFC (≥25, ~20% of a herd) have a smaller ovarian reserve, higher FSH but lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), androstenedione, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations. Moreover, cattle with low AFC have a thinner endometrium, decreased response of granulosal, thecal, or luteal cells to FSH or LH and a poorer response to superovulation compared to cattle with high AFC. Interestingly, cows with a very high AFC as heifers have reduced fertility, fewer lactations, and shorter herd longevity, whereas cows with a low vs. intermediate AFC have reduced fertility, fewer lactations, and shorter herd longevity. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations are static within individuals but highly positively correlated with AFC, but fertility is not correlated with circulating AMH concentration in heifers and dairy cows with low vs. a higher AMH as heifers have reduced fertility and a shorter herd longevity. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in dairy heifers are a moderately heritable trait (36%), and negatively impacted by inadequate maternal nutrition during early pregnancy or high maternal somatic cell count. We conclude that genetic or environmental manipulations of AMH could enhance size of the ovarian reserve and ovarian function, thereby improving fertility, response to superovulation, and longevity in dairy cows.
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Kanitz, W. "Follicular dynamic and ovulation in cattle – a review." Archives Animal Breeding 46, no. 2 (October 10, 2003): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-46-187-2003.
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Abstract. A review is given about follicular populations and aspects of follicular development in cattle. Ovaries of cattle contain two different pools of follicles, the non-growing pool and the growing pool. Entry of primordial follicles into the growth phase occurs throughout the reproductive life. Once follicles are recruited to grow, they are destined to undergo atresia or ovulation. Growth of obligatory gonadotropin-dependent follicles occurs in a wave like pattern. The growth waves are characterised by the processes of recruitment, selection and dominance. The known mechanisms responsible for these three processes are discussed.
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Juengel, Jennifer L., Norma L. Hudson, Martin Berg, Keith Hamel, Peter Smith, Stephen B. Lawrence, Lynda Whiting, and Kenneth P. McNatty. "Effects of active immunization against growth differentiation factor 9 and/or bone morphogenetic protein 15 on ovarian function in cattle." REPRODUCTION 138, no. 1 (July 2009): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-09-0009.
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Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are essential for ovarian follicular growth in sheep, whereas only GDF9 is essential in mice suggesting that the roles of these oocyte-derived growth factors differ among species. At present, however, there is only limited information on the action of BMP15 and GDF9 in other species. Thus, the aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of neutralizing GDF9 and/or BMP15in vivoon ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate in cattle through active immunization using the mature regions of the proteins or peptides from the N-terminal area of mature regions. Immunization with the BMP15 peptide, with or without GDF9 peptide, significantly altered (increased or decreased) ovulation rate. In some animals, there were no functional corpora lutea (CL), whereas in others up to four CL were observed. From morphometric examination of the ovaries, immunization with GDF9 and/or BMP15 reduced the level of ovarian follicular development as assessed by a reduced proportion of the ovarian section occupied by antral follicles. In addition, immunization against GDF9 and/or BMP15 peptides reduced follicular size to <25% of that in the controls. In conclusion, immunization against GDF9 and BMP15, alone or together, altered follicular development and ovulation rate in cattle. Thus, as has been observed in sheep, both GDF9 and BMP15 appear to be key regulators of normal follicular development and ovulation rate in cattle.
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Sutiyono, Sutiyono, Daud Samsudewa, and Alam Suryawijaya. "Identifikasi Gangguan Reproduksi Sapi Betina di Peternakan Rakyat (IDENTIFICATION OF REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS IN FEMALE CATTLE AT LOCAL FARMS)." Jurnal Veteriner 18, no. 4 (January 23, 2018): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.4.580.
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The aim of this research was to determine the female reproductive disorders in cattle reared by local farmers in the Distric of Kaliori, Rembang Regency, Central Java Province. A total of 94 cattle were used, in which had minimal one of each incisors had been replaced. The study used survey methods, and data were collected by interviewing with ranchers, rectal palpation, identification of the incisors, and body condition score of the cattle. In the implementation of the study, cattle were taken to a place determined by the chairman of the group of farmers (field or home page). The parameters of study were unheard of oestrus or not, the amount of artificial insemination, the number of incisors changed, body condition score of each cattle, the feed given, and their maintenance. The data were analyzed using statistical descriptive analysis on the mode, range, and percentage. The results showed that of the 94 cattle, which have disorders of reproductive activity as much as 80. Samples with impaired reproductive activity were divided into three groups. The first group was the old heifers that had no oestrus 25.00%, the second group was cattle that were more than three times applied artificial insemination and had not been pregnant 45.00%, and the third group was cattle that more than three months after the last giving birth had no oestrus 30.00%. The other reproductive disorders that occured in individual of the cattle was inactive ovaries (follicle undeveloped) 2.50%, 6.25% ovary hypofunction, ovarian cystic 1.25%, endometritis 2.50% and 2.50% abnormal uterus. In conclusion, the largest reproductive disorders in cattle caused by nutritional factors that provided by the farmers, and small disturbances due to some diseases and abnormal reproductive organs.
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Scheetz, Danielle, Joseph K. Folger, George W. Smith, and James J. Ireland. "Granulosa cells are refractory to FSH action in individuals with a low antral follicle count." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 2 (2012): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11020.
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The reason ovarian function and fertility are diminished in women with a low antral follicle count (AFC), despite significant numbers of follicles remaining in ovaries, is unknown. The bovine model is unique to address this question because cattle and women with a low AFC exhibit similar phenotypic characteristics including a diminished ovarian reserve, reduced circulating concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) but heightened FSH secretion during reproductive cycles. Because women and cattle with a low AFC respond minimally to gonadotropin stimulation during IVF cycles or superovulation, granulosa cells in individuals with a low AFC are hypothesised to be refractory to FSH. The present study evaluates this hypothesis by testing whether capacity of granulosa cells to respond to FSH differs between cattle with a low and a high AFC. Granulosa cells from cattle with a low (≤15 follicles ≥3 mm in diameter) or a high (≥25 follicles) AFC were cultured with different doses of FSH. Treatments were evaluated by measurement of oestradiol (E), progesterone (P) and AMH in media and abundance of mRNAs for aromatase (CYP19A1), AMH, FSH receptor (FSHR) and oxytocin (OXT). Progesterone and OXT mRNA are well-established markers of granulosa cell luteinisation. Although high doses of FSH induced granulosa cell luteinisation, basal and FSH-induced increases in E and AMH production and expression of mRNAs for CYP19A1, FSHR and AMH in granulosa cells were much lower, while P production and OXT mRNA expression were higher in non-luteinised and luteinised granulosa cells from the low than the high AFC group. Granulosa cells in cattle with a low AFC are refractory to FSH action, which could explain why ovarian function, responsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation and fertility are diminished in individuals with a low versus a high AFC.
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Vergos, V., A. Gordon, M. Gallagher, and I. Gordon. "In vitro culture of embryos produced by in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010151.
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A previous report from this laboratory dealt with the establishment of pregnancies in the early months of gestation after the non-surgical transfer of cattle embryos derived from the in vitro maturation (IVM) of primary bovine oocytes, their fertilization in vitro (IVF) and their subsequent development to the transferable stage (morula/blastocyst) using an in vivo (sheep oviduct) culture system (Lu et al.,1987). The present report deals with some factors affecting the efficiency of IVF and with the culture in vitro of zygotes to the morula/ blastocyst stage of development. Some embryos were frozen and after thawing transferred by non-surgical procedures to five recipient cattle to obtain information on their capacity to undergo further embryonic development.Primary oocytes, enclosed in cumulus cells, were recovered from vesicular follicles (2-6mm) after their dissection from the ovaries of heifers slaughtered at a local abattoir. The ovaries were brought to the laboratory within one hour of animal slaughter in medium held at 35'C.
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Gandolfi, Fulvio. "Intra-ovarian regulation oocyte developmental competence in cattle." Zygote 4, no. 04 (November 1996): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400003336.
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Each oestrous cycle the ovary produces one or more oocytes, depending on the species considered, which are fully competent to sustain the development of a new individual and are defined as matured. Ovulation is the terminal phase of a lengthy and complex selection process which enables only a minute proportion of the oocytes present in the ovary to be ovulated and possibly fertilised. The use of exogenous gonadotrophins for the pharmacological stimulation of the ovaries has clearly indicated that oocytes naturally excluded by the selection process can also be matured and, if fertilisedin vivoorin vitro, can generate normal offspring.
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ZULU, Victor Chisha, Toshihiko NAKAO, Kyoji YAMADA, Masaharu MORIYOSHI, Ken NAKADA, and Yutaka SAWAMUKAI. "Clinical Response of Inactive Ovaries in Dairy Cattle after PRID Treatment." Journal of Reproduction and Development 46, no. 6 (2000): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd.46.415.
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Romero, A., J. Albert, Z. Brink, and G. E. Seidel. "Numbers of small follicles in ovaries affect superovulation response in cattle." Theriogenology 35, no. 1 (January 1991): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(91)90241-5.
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Miyamura, M., M. Kuwayama, A. Hamawaki, and Y. Eguchi. "Total number of follicles in the ovaries of Japanese black cattle." Theriogenology 45, no. 1 (January 1996): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(96)84773-x.
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Denicol, A., B. Weldon, and L. Aguiar. "205 Preliminary characterization of ovarian stem cells from bovine ovaries." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab205.
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Ovarian stem cells (OSCs) have been reportedly isolated from ovaries of rodents, pigs, humans, and cattle by targeting the germ cell marker protein DDX4. Although the role of OSCs in female reproduction is unknown, the ability to culture OSCs and differentiate oocytes invitro could benefit the cattle industry and the study of oogenesis. The aim of this study was to describe isolation and preliminary characterisation of putative bovine OSCs. Slaughterhouse-derived ovaries from adult cows were processed by mechanical and enzymatic dissociation into a single cell suspension followed by immunostaining. Cells were incubated in blocking solution followed by 10µgmL−1 rabbit anti-human polyclonal DDX4 antibody (#13840; Abcam) for 15min and 2µgmL−1 goat anti-rabbit IgG labelled with Alexa Fluor 647 for 15min in the dark. Next, cells were resuspended in Hanks’ balanced salt solution with 1% bovine serum albumin/25mM HEPES, filtered through a 30-µm strainer and subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Controls used to establish gates were unstained cells and cells incubated with secondary antibody only. 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) exclusion was used as a viability test. Putative OSCs were placed in culture in OSC medium (MEMα Glutamax containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 1mM sodium pyruvate, 1× nonessential amino acids, 103 units of leukemia inhibitory factor, 10µgmL−1 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, 10µgmL−1 basic fibroblast growth factor, 1µgmL−1 epidermal growth factor, 1× N2-max, penicillin/streptomycin) for expansion and characterisation by gene expression using reverse transcription-PCR and protein expression using immunolocalization and confocal microscopy. To ensure specificity against bovine DDX4, the same antibody used for cell sorting was used to label oocytes within ovarian follicles in histological sections. Two cell lines were obtained and expanded invitro. Gene expression was performed in putative OSCs at passages 1 to 3; cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were used as positive controls and adult skin fibroblasts as negative controls, and ACTB was used as an endogenous control. Both putative OSC lines and COCs expressed the germ cell markers DAZL and C-KIT, and COCs also expressed BMP15. Only ACTB was detected in fibroblasts. Immunolocalization was performed in putative OSCs at passage 4, with oocytes and fibroblasts used as positive and negative controls. Additional controls were cells exposed to secondary antibody only. Both putative OSC lines and oocytes expressed DAZL and DDX4 and no marker was detected in fibroblasts. Next, OSC line #2 was transfected with a retroviral vector using the EF1α promoter for green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. This is a critical step to ensure the success of experiments requiring cell tracking. Transfected cells were expanded and sorted to establish a pure population of GFP+ OSCs. To verify replication deficiency of the viral particles, supernatant from GFP+ OSCs was collected 1 passage after transfection and applied to GFP- OSCs. No GFP+ cells were observed after 24, 48, or 72h. These preliminary results confirm the presence of putative OSCs in the ovaries of cows of reproductive age. If these cells are capable of invitro differentiation, they could provide a powerful tool to study oogenesis and further develop assisted reproductive technologies.
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Pasquariello, R., N. Fiandanese, A. Viglino, P. Pocar, J. L. Williams, and F. Gandolfi. "148 FOLLICULAR FLUID microRNA SEQUENCES AS BIOMARKERS OF COMPETENT OOCYTES IN CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab148.
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Oocyte developmental competence is correlated with antral follicle count through ill-defined mechanisms. Oocytes from ovaries with fewer than 10 mid-antral follicles of 2 to 6 mm in diameter (low group) show reduced competence compared with those from ovaries with more than 10 follicles (high group). To unravel mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, this work explored the role of follicular fluid microRNAs (miRNAs, short non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level). A total of 3 pools of 300 µL of follicular fluid (FF) were collected from mid-antral follicles of low (L) and high (H) groups, respectively. Following miRNA extraction and library preparation, deep sequencing was carried out on Illumina HisEqn 2000 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified with R package edgeR (http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/edgeR.html). Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted with DIANA miRPath using homologous human miRNA and gene union options (P < 0.01). Gene ontology (GO) analysis was carried out by Cytoscape (http://www.cytoscape.org/) using a bovine database. In total, 1279 miRNAs were identified in FF: 805 ± 139 in L and 862 ± 36 in H (P > 0.05). We found that 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed (false discovery rate ≤0.001): 17 were up-regulated in L and 10 in H. Up-regulated miRNAs in L group were predicted to target 121 genes, 39 of which are specific for ovarian function (e.g. BCL2, FOXO3, KIT, TP53, and PTK2). The GO analysis indicated that these genes were kinases, anti-apoptotic and oncogenic factors, and enriched stress-activated MAPK cascade mediated by oxygen reactive species, G1/S transition checkpoint, cellular response to interleukin-1, and negative regulation of cellular adhesion. Overexpressed miRNAs in H group were predicted to target 92 genes, 22 of which (e.g. MAPK, APC, JNK, PKA) are involved in folliculogenesis. These genes were represented by kinases, apoptotic and cytoskeleton remodelling factors, and enriched very important ovarian processes such as cell cycle, ephrin receptor, smoothened and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity GO processes. Only 7 target genes were common between the 2 groups, 2 of which were important in ovarian functionality (CDKN1A and ITGA5). Interestingly, overexpressed miRNAs in both groups regulate several genes involved in processes apparently not related to folliculogenesis. Finally, regulation can be exerted also by low levels of specific miRNAs such as miR-320, which was reduced in L group and is known to be associated with premature ovarian senescence in women and decreased developmental potential of mouse oocytes. Our results indicate that the different oocyte quality is associated with a different miRNA blueprint, which may alter the expression of several genes relevant for intra- and extra-ovarian processes. Further studies will be necessary to determine if FF miRNAs can act outside the ovary and if their levels can be detected in the bloodstream thereby becoming possible noninvasive, real-time markers to determine oocyte quality in living animals. This study was supported by FP7-KBBE-2012-FECUND-312097.
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Mossa, F., F. Jimenez-Krassel, J. K. Folger, J. L. H. Ireland, G. W. Smith, P. Lonergan, A. C. O. Evans, and J. J. Ireland. "Evidence that high variation in antral follicle count during follicular waves is linked to alterations in ovarian androgen production in cattle." REPRODUCTION 140, no. 5 (November 2010): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-10-0214.
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Androgens have an important role in ovarian follicular growth and function, but circulating androgen concentrations are also associated with ovarian dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders in women. The extent and causes of the variation in androgen production in individuals, however, are unknown. Because thecal cells of follicles synthesize androstenedione and testosterone, variation in production of these androgens is hypothesized to be directly related to the inherently high variation in number of healthy growing follicles in ovaries of individuals. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether thecal CYP17A1 mRNA (codes for a cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in androgen synthesis), LH-induced thecal androstenedione production, androstenedione concentrations in follicular fluid, and circulating testosterone concentrations were lower in cattle with relatively low versus high number of follicles growing during follicular waves and whether ovariectomy reduced serum testosterone concentrations. Results demonstrated that cattle with a low follicle number had lower (P<0.05) abundance of CYP17A1 mRNA in thecal cells, reduced (P<0.01) capacity of thecal cells to produce androstenedione in response to LH, lower (P<0.01) androstenedione concentrations in ovulatory follicles, and lower (P<0.02) circulating testosterone concentrations during estrous cycles compared with animals with high follicle number. Also, serum testosterone in cattle with low or high follicle number was reduced by 63 and 70%, respectively, following ovariectomy. In conclusion, circulating androgen concentrations are lower in cattle with low versus high number of follicles growing during follicular waves, possibly because of a reduced responsiveness of thecal cells to LH.
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Succu, S., S. Sale, G. Ghirello, J. Ireland, A. Evans, A. Atzori, and F. Mossa. "203 High environmental temperatures during early fetal life may impair the ovarian reserve in cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab203.
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The causes of the inherently high variation in number of follicles and oocytes in ovaries of mammals are unknown. Evidence suggests that the ovarian reserve (total number of healthy follicles and oocytes in ovaries) can be programmed by events occurring during fetal life. For instance, maternal nutritional restriction during the first trimester of pregnancy negatively affects the size of the ovarian reserve in calves. The aim of the present study was to establish whether exposure of pregnant dairy cows to high environmental temperatures from conception to the end of the first trimester of pregnancy impairs establishment of the ovarian reserve in their offspring. This work was conducted in four commercial dairy farms with similar nutrition and farming systems located in Sardinia, Italy, on a total of 310 Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers (16 months old) that were conceived and born at different times of year coincident with different environmental temperatures. We tested whether exposure of the heifer's dams to a mean temperature-humidity index (THI) >68 from conception to the end of the first trimester of pregnancy resulted in a diminished ovarian reserve in their offspring. To estimate the size of the ovarian reserve, a single blood sample was collected to measure serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; n=310), and the number of follicles >3mm (antral follicle count, AFC) was assessed using transrectal ovarian ultrasonography (n=258) on a random day of the oestrous cycle (16.09±0.07 months of age). Relations among variables were analysed with Pearson correlation with SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). Anti-Müllerian hormone and AFC were analysed with a mixed model (PROC MIXED of SAS) considering the main effects of season during the first trimester of fetal life and age at sampling; the effect of farm was included as a random effect. Tukey's test was used for comparisons. Circulating AMH concentrations and AFC were highly positively correlated (P<0.0001), as previously reported. The results also showed that both AMH concentrations and AFC were lower (419.27±22.81 pgmL−1, 9.32±0.42 follicles; P<0.0001) in young adult heifers of the dams exposed to a THI >68 compared with dams exposed to an average THI of 55 (634.91±47.60 pgmL−1, 11.84±0.46 follicles). Neither AMH nor AFC were influenced by farm and age at sampling of the daughters. In conclusion, maternal exposure to THI >68 (typical high temperatures during summers in Sardinia) during the first trimester of pregnancy has a negative effect on the development of the ovarian reserve in female fetuses, which may subsequently impair their reproductive performance as adults. Research was funded by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Legge Regionale 7, Bando 2015.
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Salvetti, Natalia R., Natalia S. Alfaro, Melisa M. L. Velázquez, Ayelen N. Amweg, Valentina Matiller, Pablo U. Díaz, and Hugo H. Ortega. "Alteration in localization of steroid hormone receptors and coregulatory proteins in follicles from cows with induced ovarian follicular cysts." REPRODUCTION 144, no. 6 (December 2012): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0188.
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Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of infertility in cattle. The altered follicular dynamics and cellular differentiation observed in COD may be mediated through a disruption of the expression of steroid receptors and their associated transcriptional cofactors. The aim of this study was to determine the protein expression profiles of ESR1, ESR2, PGR, AR, NCOA3, NCOR2, and PHB2 (REA) in ovarian follicles in an experimental model of COD induced by the administration of ACTH. Ovaries were collected and follicles were dissected from heifers during the follicular phase (control) or from heifers treated with ACTH to induce the formation of ovarian follicular cysts. Ovaries were fixed, sectioned, and stained immunohistochemically for steroid receptors and the associated transcription factors. The relative expression of ESR1 was similar in follicular cysts and in tertiary follicles from both control and cystic cows and was significantly higher than in secondary follicles. The expression of ESR2 in the granulosa was higher in cystic follicles. No differences were seen for PGR. The expression of androgen receptor was significantly increased in tertiary follicles with lower immunostaining in cysts. The expression of NCOA3 was observed in the granulosa and theca with a significantly increased expression in the theca interna of cystic follicles. The highest levels of NCOR2 expression in granulosa, theca interna, and theca externa were observed in cysts. In granulosa cells, NCOR2 levels increase progressively as follicles mature and the treatment had no effect. In summary, ovaries from animals with induced COD exhibited altered steroid receptor expression compared with normal animals, as well as changes in the expression of their regulators. It is reasonable to suggest that in conditions characterized by altered ovulation and follicular persistence, such as COD, changes in the intra-ovarian expression of these proteins could play a role in their pathogenesis.
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Grooms, Daniel L., Kenny V. Brock, and Lucy A. Ward. "Detection of Cytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle following Immunization with a Modified Live Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccine." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, no. 2 (April 1998): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879801000202.
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Economic loss from infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is of worldwide concern. The unique pathogenesis and antigenic variability of BVDV have made this virus challenging to control. Vaccination programs are a major component of control and prevention strategies. Both killed and modified live vaccines are commercially available. Choice between killed and modified live vaccines is controversial. Of major concern is the safety of modified live vaccines. Little information is available on their tissue tropism and potential for causing pathology, especially with respect to the reproductive system. The objective of this study was to determine if BVDV could be detected in the ovary of cattle following immunization with a modified live BVDV vaccine. In 2 separate trials, 6 heifers and 4 mature cows were immunized with a modified live BVDV vaccine and ovaries were removed between 7 and 30 days postvaccination. Cytopathic BVDV was isolated from ovaries removed on days 8, 10, and 12. BVDV antigen was detected using immunohistochemistry on days 10–30. These findings are significant because replication of virus in the ovary could cause ovarian dysfunction, resulting in reduced fertility.
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Tripurani, S. K., K. B. Lee, L. Wang, G. W. Smith, and J. Yao. "5 CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWBORN OVARY HOMEOBOX GENE (NOBOX) IN CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab5.
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Newborn ovary homeobox (NOBOX) is a homeobox gene that is preferentially expressed in the oocytes and is essential for folliculogenesis in mice. NOBOX knockout mice are infertile, and lack of NOBOX perturbs the expression of many germ-cell-specific genes and microRNAs. Furthermore, mutations in the NOBOX gene associated with premature ovarian failure have been described in humans. However, the temporal and cell-specific expression of NOBOX in bovine oocytes and the potential function of NOBOX in early embryogenesis have not been described previously. The objectives of this study were to clone the complementary (c)DNA encoding for bovine NOBOX, analyze the expression of NOBOX mRNA in bovine tissues including fetal ovaries of different developmental stages, and characterize the temporal expression patterns of NOBOX mRNA during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. Based on the sequence of a predicted cDNA for bovine NOBOX, we successfully amplified, using RT-PCR, a cDNA fragment representing the coding region of bovine NOBOX from bovine fetal ovary cDNA. Additional 5′ and 3′ sequences were obtained using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) procedures. The assembled full-length NOBOX cDNA is 2275 bp with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 500 amino acids with a conserved homeodomain and typical nuclear localization signal. The predicted NOBOX protein shares 61% and 49% amino acid sequence identity with its human and mouse counterparts, respectively. A BLAST search of the bovine genome database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) revealed that the bovine NOBOX gene is located on chromosome 4, spans approximately 5.5 kb, and is encoded by 7 exons. Northern blot analysis revealed an approximately 2.3-kb bovine NOBOX RNA transcript. RT-PCR analysis of RNA samples from a panel of 14 different bovine tissues revealed that expression of NOBOX mRNA is restricted to ovarian samples and can be detected in fetal ovaries harvested as early as 105 days of gestation, when primary follicles start to form. Further RT-PCR analysis using RNA isolated from oocytes and granulosa and cumulus cells of antral follicles indicates that bovine NOBOX is expressed in oocytes but not in other follicular cells. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that NOBOX mRNA is abundant in germinal vesicle and metaphase II stage oocytes, as well as from pronuclear to 8-cell stage embryos, but barely detectable in embryos collected at the morula and blastocyst stages, suggesting that NOBOX might be a maternal effect gene. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bovine NOBOX is specifically expressed in oocytes and may play a role in early embryonic development in addition to its known function in folliculogenesis.
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Lucas-Hahn, A., E. Lemme, K. G. Hadeler, H. G. Sander, and H. Niemann. "58 EFFICIENCY OF OVUM PICKUP AND EMBRYO PRODUCTION IN VITRO IN CLONED CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab58.
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The reproductive performance of cloned cattle was investigated by assessing the efficiency of transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovum pickup (OPU) and embryo production in vitro. Fetal fibroblasts from the endangered species, German Blackpied Cattle, had been used for nuclear transfer to produce three live cloned offspring (Lucas-Hahn et al. 2002 Theriogenology 57, 433). In the three cloned animals at 12–20 months of age, OPU was performed once per week and the total number of collected oocytes was recorded. In the case of Blondie, the procedure was terminated due to too small ovaries associated with insufficient function. Oocytes suitable for IVF were matured in vitro for 24 h and fertilized in vitro with the semen of a fertile bull. Oocytes derived from abbatoir ovaries were processed in parallel as controls. Embryos were in vitro-cultured in SOFaaBSA medium. Cleavage and developmental rates up to the morula/blastocyst stage were recorded in all groups. Statistical significance was tested using ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The results are presented in Table 1. Embryos from clones had lower cleavage and blastocyst rates compared to those derived from abattoir oocytes. However, results may have been confounded by potential OPU effects. Some of the blastocysts produced from Blacky (n = 5) and Paula (n = 2) were transferred to recipients. Two pregnancies resulted from the Paula transfers. The two male calves were delivered normally. After the completion of this experiment, all three cloned animals were artificially inseminated, became pregnant, delivered healthy calves, and are pregnant again at present. Further studies are needed to explore the fertility of cattle derived from somatic cloning. Table 1. OPU and in vitro embryo production in cloned cattle
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Sithole, S. M., M. L. Mphaphathi, M. D. Sebopela, and T. L. Nedambale. "137 Comparison of two invitro maturation media on polar body extrusion of cattle oocytes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab137.
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The invitro embryo production technique is one of the assisted reproduction technologies that has the potential in speeding up genetic improvement in cattle. The developmental competence of invitro-matured oocytes is influenced by several factors during invitro maturation (IVM), such as maturation environment, oocyte quality, type of media, and additives. The objective of the present study was to compare two IVM media (TCM-199 and BO-IVM) on cattle oocyte maturation rate invitro. Cattle ovaries were collected from local slaughterhouse and transported to the laboratory in a thermos flask containing 0.9% saline (Adcock Ingram Critical care) at 37°C. Oocytes were retrieved from the ovaries by the aspiration technique, and then matured invitro in 500µL of TCM-199 (supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, FSH, LH, and E2) or in 500µL of commercially available BO- IVM (Bioscience) medium, both covered with mineral oil for 22h at 38.5°C with 5% CO2 and 5% O2. After 22h of IVM, oocyte polar body extrusion was evaluated with the aid of Oosight Imaging System (Hamilton Thorne) connected to an inverted microscope. The total number of oocytes matured in TCM-199 and BO-IVM media were 401 and 396, respectively. The experiment was replicated 19 times. Data were analysed using the GenStat® program (VSN International). Means of different treatments were separated using Fisher’s protected t-test least significant difference at 5% level of significance. No difference was recorded for polar body extrusion rates in TCM-199 (50.6±13.9) and BO-IVM (47.3±13.7) media. In conclusion, TCM-199 and BO-IVM media did not differ in terms of maturation rate; thus, both can be used for successful cattle oocyte IVM.
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Sithole, S. M., M. L. Mphaphathi, M. D. Sebopela, and T. L. Nedambale. "137 Comparison of two invitro maturation media on polar body extrusion of cattle oocytes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab137.
Full textAbstract:
The invitro embryo production technique is one of the assisted reproduction technologies that has the potential in speeding up genetic improvement in cattle. The developmental competence of invitro-matured oocytes is influenced by several factors during invitro maturation (IVM), such as maturation environment, oocyte quality, type of media, and additives. The objective of the present study was to compare two IVM media (TCM-199 and BO-IVM) on cattle oocyte maturation rate invitro. Cattle ovaries were collected from local slaughterhouse and transported to the laboratory in a thermos flask containing 0.9% saline (Adcock Ingram Critical care) at 37°C. Oocytes were retrieved from the ovaries by the aspiration technique, and then matured invitro in 500µL of TCM-199 (supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, FSH, LH, and E2) or in 500µL of commercially available BO- IVM (Bioscience) medium, both covered with mineral oil for 22h at 38.5°C with 5% CO2 and 5% O2. After 22h of IVM, oocyte polar body extrusion was evaluated with the aid of Oosight Imaging System (Hamilton Thorne) connected to an inverted microscope. The total number of oocytes matured in TCM-199 and BO-IVM media were 401 and 396, respectively. The experiment was replicated 19 times. Data were analysed using the GenStat® program (VSN International). Means of different treatments were separated using Fisher’s protected t-test least significant difference at 5% level of significance. No difference was recorded for polar body extrusion rates in TCM-199 (50.6±13.9) and BO-IVM (47.3±13.7) media. In conclusion, TCM-199 and BO-IVM media did not differ in terms of maturation rate; thus, both can be used for successful cattle oocyte IVM.
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Indrová, Eva, Michaela Andrlikova, Vladislav Bína, Radovan Doležel, Miloslava Lopatářová, Jana Novakova, Marta Zavadilová, and Svatopluk Čech. "Acid-base balance parameters of follicular fluid and venous blood in cattle." Acta Veterinaria Brno 89, no. 1 (2020): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202089010003.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to compare differences of physiological acid-base balance (ABB) parameters in follicular fluid (FF) and venous blood (VB) and to evaluate ABB parameters in FF collected from different ovarian follicles in dairy cows and heifers. The ABB parameters (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3– and base excess (BE)) in the FF of the preovulatory follicle, of the dominant follicle on the 9th day of the cycle and of the superovulatory estrous follicles were compared to VB. Similarly, the dynamics of the ABB profile in FF and VB were monitored in repeated sampling in a group of heifers stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Higher values of pH and pO2 and lower values of pCO2, HCO3– and BE were found in FF compared to VB in all experiments. Laterality of ovaries, time of sampling, ovarian activity or stimulation of the follicular development by FSH did not significantly influence ABB parameters. We found higher pH (7.392 ± 0.027 vs. 7.364 ± 0.032) and pO2 (13.83 ± 2.20 kPa vs. 4.50 ± 0.67 kPa), lower pCO2 (5.70 ± 0.39 kPa vs. 6.54 ± 0.61 kPa), HCO3– (25.51 ± 1.52 mmol/l vs. 26.86 ± 2.12 mmol/l) and BE (1.14 ± 1.57 mmol/l vs. 1.95 ± 2.2 mmol/l) in FF compared to VB in all non-stimulated cows. Similar relationships between FF and VB were found in all FSH stimulated cows. The study provides as yet unknown knowledge on the physiology of follicular fluid in cattle.
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Widarini, Niken, Imbang Ru Beda, and Agustina Dwi Wijayanti. "Efektivitas Terapi Multivitamin, Obat Cacing dan Premiks pada Sapi Terdiagnosa Hipofungsi Ovarium di Wilayah Kecamatan Prambanan, Yogyakarta." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 35, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.34690.
Full textAbstract:
Ovarian hypofunction in cattle is reproduction disorder related to massive economic loss. Etiology of this ovarium disfunction are low quality feed, minimum health concern, poor sanitation and pen problem. Eighty-five (85) Peranakan Ongole (PO), Peranakan Limosin (PL) and Peranakan Simental (PS) cows from Prambanan Sub District of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta were diagnosed with ovarian hypofunction by rectal palpation and physical examination. The cows were then programmed for ovary condition recovery by administration of vitamine A,D,E (IM), per oral anthelminthic bolus (Klosantel) and premix mixture in feed given daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the cows were re-examined. Sixty-two (72,9%) cows were recovered from ovary hypofunction, however ovaries of 23 (21,9%) cows were palpated abnormal, which require another administration of A,D,E (IM). There were no significant difference between the type of cows (PO,PL,PS) with recovery percentages after one programme therapy (P>0.05). It can be concluded that single injection of vitamin A,D, E , per oral bolus of Klosantel, and addition of premix into feed daily for 4 weeks were able to reduce 72,9% ovary hypofunction in Peranakan Ongole, Peranakan Limosin and Peranakan Simental cows at Prambanan sub district, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
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Barfield, J. P., and G. E. Seidel. "170 IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF BISON EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab170.
Full textAbstract:
The North American bison is a symbol of Native American heritage and the American West as well as being an increasingly important agricultural species. Reproductive technologies in bison lag behind those of cattle. Blastocyst production rates were low (<10%) in the only study of in vitro production of bison embryos (Thundathil et al. 2007 Theriogenology 68, 93–97). Our aims were to assess the application of our bovine in vitro embryo production system (De La Torre-Sanchez 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 585–596) to bison gametes and evaluate the effect of adding FCS at different stages of the process. Initially, we performed homologous and heterologous inseminations with bison and cattle oocytes collected from abattoir ovaries and frozen-thawed epididymal bison sperm and ejaculated cattle sperm. Ovaries from both species were processed on the same day and a single straw of semen per species was used to fertilize all oocytes in each of 3 to 5 replicates. Culture media and conditions were identical for each treatment. Cleavage rates from the homologous IVF were 87% (86/99) for bison and 82% (164/199) for cattle. Bison oocytes with cattle sperm resulted in 88% (76/86) cleaved and cattle oocytes with bison sperm resulted in 69% cleaved (133/192; P < 0.01). Day 7 blastocyst rates per oocyte and per 8-cell stage, respectively, were 16 and 27% for cattle embryos, 6 and 13% for cattle oocytes with bison sperm, 10 and 16% for bison oocytes with cattle sperm and 7 and 9% for bison embryos. Experiments for bison embryos were then designed to evaluate the effect of adding 10% FCS to the maturation medium and 5, 2.5, or 0% to CDM2, the culture medium used after the 8-cell stage. Cleavage rates for oocytes matured in 10% FCS were 50% (202/405) and were 61% (206/337) in the absence of FCS. Day 7 blastocyst rates per oocyte and per 8-cell stage, respectively, of embryos matured in 10% FCS and then cultured in CDM2 + FCS were 12 and 26% in 5% FCS; 5 and 15% in 2.5% FCS; and 1 and 2.5% in 0% FCS. Similarly, Day 7 blastocyst rates of embryos matured without FCS but in CDM2 + FCS were 13 and 30% in 5% FCS, 1 and 4% in 2.5% FCS and 2 and 6% in 0% FCS. In a subsequent experiment, 5% FCS was added to CDM1 (culture medium for presumed zygotes through the 8-cell stage), CDM2, or both, but not to the maturation medium. Cleavage rates of bison embryos cultured with or without FCS in CDM1 were 63% (62/99) and 72% (145/202), respectively. Blastocyst rates of embryos cultured in CDM1 + FCS were 16% per oocyte and 36% per 8-cell stages in CDM2 + FCS and 0% in CDM2-FCS. Blastocyst rates of embryos cultured in CDM1 without FCS were 16% per oocyte and 25% per 8-cell stage in CDM2 + FCS and were 1% per oocyte and 2% per 8-cell stage in CDM2-FCS (P < 0.10). Adding 5% FCS to culture medium after embryos have reached the 8-cell stage greatly improved blastocyst rates of in vitro-produced bison embryos. Bison reproduction is highly seasonal and this work was conducted outside the bison breeding season. It is unknown if FCS would influence blastocyst rates when oocytes are collected from bison ovaries during the breeding season.
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Sebopela, M. D., M. L. Mphaphathi, S. M. Sithole, and T. L. Nedambale. "138 Effect of different temperatures on invitro maturation rates on cattle oocytes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab138.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change represents a major stressful environmental condition that compromises the reproductive efficiency of animals. The temperature affects various components of the maturation processes in cattle oocytes, this includes disruptions of oocyte development and maturation. Therefore, the study aimed to compare the effects of different incubation temperatures (32.5, 33.5 34.5, 35.5, 36.5, 37.5, 38.5, 39.5, 40.5, 41.5, 42.5, and 43.5°C) on the maturation rate of cattle oocytes. Cattle ovaries were collected from a local abattoir and transported to the laboratory in thermo flask at 37°C. Oocytes were recovered from ovaries using the aspiration method and matured using 500 uL of TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, FSH, LH, and E2 covered with mineral oil. The maturation rate of oocytes was determined by the extrusion of the first polar body after 22h of IVM period. The total number of 80 oocytes were matured in each group and replicated 4 times. Data were analysed using GenStat® statistical program (VSN International). Comparisons were considered significantly different (P<0.05) using Fisher’s protected least significant difference test. The oocyte polar body extrusion at 32.5 (0±0), 33.5 (4.5±5.2), 34.5 (22.0±1.4), 35.5 (29.5±7.6), 36.5 (41.5±3.1), 37.5 (55.5±4.1), 38.5 (62.2±3.3), 39.5 (49.5±3.3), 40.5 (17.3±6.4), 41.5 (10.3±5.7), 42.5 (8.2±5.9), and 43.5°C (5.7±7.8) (P<0.05) was recorded. The highest percentages of oocytes with polar body extrusion were at 37.5°C (55.5±4.1) and 38.5°C (62.2±3.3) and differed significantly from all other treatment groups (P<0.05). Temperature lower than 37.5°C and higher than 39.5°C did not intensify oocyte polar body extrusion. We concluded that the temperatures of 37.5°C and 38.5°C were suitable for IVM of cattle oocytes with acceptable polar body extrusion rates compared with other temperatures.
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Sebopela, M. D., M. L. Mphaphathi, S. M. Sithole, and T. L. Nedambale. "138 Effect of different temperatures on invitro maturation rates on cattle oocytes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab138.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change represents a major stressful environmental condition that compromises the reproductive efficiency of animals. The temperature affects various components of the maturation processes in cattle oocytes, this includes disruptions of oocyte development and maturation. Therefore, the study aimed to compare the effects of different incubation temperatures (32.5, 33.5 34.5, 35.5, 36.5, 37.5, 38.5, 39.5, 40.5, 41.5, 42.5, and 43.5°C) on the maturation rate of cattle oocytes. Cattle ovaries were collected from a local abattoir and transported to the laboratory in thermo flask at 37°C. Oocytes were recovered from ovaries using the aspiration method and matured using 500 uL of TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, FSH, LH, and E2 covered with mineral oil. The maturation rate of oocytes was determined by the extrusion of the first polar body after 22h of IVM period. The total number of 80 oocytes were matured in each group and replicated 4 times. Data were analysed using GenStat® statistical program (VSN International). Comparisons were considered significantly different (P<0.05) using Fisher’s protected least significant difference test. The oocyte polar body extrusion at 32.5 (0±0), 33.5 (4.5±5.2), 34.5 (22.0±1.4), 35.5 (29.5±7.6), 36.5 (41.5±3.1), 37.5 (55.5±4.1), 38.5 (62.2±3.3), 39.5 (49.5±3.3), 40.5 (17.3±6.4), 41.5 (10.3±5.7), 42.5 (8.2±5.9), and 43.5°C (5.7±7.8) (P<0.05) was recorded. The highest percentages of oocytes with polar body extrusion were at 37.5°C (55.5±4.1) and 38.5°C (62.2±3.3) and differed significantly from all other treatment groups (P<0.05). Temperature lower than 37.5°C and higher than 39.5°C did not intensify oocyte polar body extrusion. We concluded that the temperatures of 37.5°C and 38.5°C were suitable for IVM of cattle oocytes with acceptable polar body extrusion rates compared with other temperatures.
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Berber, R. C. A., H. A. Z. Biavatti, J. Fornazieri, G. C. M. Berber, L. G. R. Sturaro, G. F. Santos, and M. A. Silva. "Effect of Lactation Yield on First Follicular Wave Surge After Calving of Crossbred Dairy Cattle." Scientific Electronic Archives 4 (November 18, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/40201365.
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Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lactation on first follicular wave surge of crossbred (Gir x Holstein) dairy cattle. Nine multiparous crossbred dairy cattle were divided according to daily milk production (Group 1 = milk production higher than average, n = 5; Group 2 = milk production lower than average, n = 4). From calving (Day 0) until divergence of first follicular wave, ovaries was monitored daily by ultrasound exams to observed the follicular emergence, growth rate, maximum follicular diameter, day of follicular divergence and ovulation. The mean of milk production was 17.4 + 6.4 L/day (n= 9). Group 1 had higher daily milk production than Group 2 (21.8 + 3.8 L/day vs. 11.9 + 3.9 L/day, P< 0.001). Data of follicular emergence were similar in both groups (P >0.05). The growth rate of first follicular surge was higher in Group 2 than Group 1 (2.0 + 0.0 mm/day vs 1.2 + 0.6 mm/day, P< 0.05). The maximum follicular diameter was 11.6 + 0.9 mm (Group 1) and 13.5 + 1.7 mm (Group 2); P< 0.05. The follicular divergence occurred earlier in Group 1 than Group 2 (12.2 + 0.8 days vs 13.7 + 0.6 days; P< 0.05). One animal of Group 2 ovulated. In conclusion, data suggested that milk production had influence on ovarian follicular dynamic after calving.Keywords: Follicle, post-partum, lactation, dairy cattle
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Jaśkowski, Jędrzej M., Marek Gehrke, Magdalena Herudzińska, Bartłomiej M. Jaśkowski, and Klaus-Peter Brüssow. "Resynchronisation as an element of improving cattle reproduction efficiency." Journal of Veterinary Research 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Oestrus resynchronisation (RES, Resynch) programmes for non-pregnant cows allow shortening the period between an unsuccessful insemination and the next attempt on the same cow. The protocol of oestrus RES may be started after ruling out pregnancy by means of ultrasonography carried out 28 days after insemination or after performing a test for pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PAG) in blood or milk. The Resynch protocol can be based on a double application of prostaglandins, the OvSynch protocol, or hormonal therapy with exogenous sources of progesterone (CIDR intravaginal devices). The efficiency of the method depends on the functional state of the ovaries, the diameter of the corpus luteum, external factors, and the health and maturity of the cows. The present paper constitutes a comparison of research findings concerning the effectiveness of RES programmes.
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Deb, GK, MA Kabir, MFH Miraz, SMJ Hossain, MF Afroz, TN Nahar, and MK Mostofa. "In vivo study of follicular statistics in Red Chittagong Cattle of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 47, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v47i1.39402.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research was to generate baseline information on follicular statistics of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC).Ten heifers and ten regular breeder RCC cows were selected randomly from BLRI Research Herd. The ovary was grasped by inserting left hand through the rectum and the follicles were visualized by inserting a sectorial probe through the vagina. Ovarian follicles were visualized and recorded by counting on the screen of ultrasonography machine. All visible follicles (>2.0mm) were counted and graded as small (<3.0mm), medium (3.0 to 8.0mm) and large (>8.0mm). The follicles were measured 3 times at a 3-day interval period without considering the stage of the reproductive cycle of the experimental animals. During this experiment, a total of 137 follicles (66 in Heifers and 71in cows) were observed from 10 heifers and 10 cows. The corpus luteum was observed either in the left or right ovary of 25.0% heifers and 35.0% cows. In heifer, 40.91, 45.45 and 13.64% of the observed follicles were belonged to small, medium and large groups, respectively. The percentage of small, medium and large follicles in the cow ovaries were 54.93, 39.44 and 5.63% accordingly. The number of follicles in an ovary did not vary (P>0.05) between right and left ovary of a heifer or cow. The diameter of the largest follicle on the ovary was smaller (P<0.05) in heifer (9.43±0.34mm) compared to cow (11.2 ± 0.73mm). This information will be helpful during aspiration of ovarian follicle from donor cows.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 47-50
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Nedambale, T. L., M. B. Raito, and M. L. Mphaphathi. "214 EFFECT OF OOCYTE SOURCE ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL CAPACITY OF SOUTH AFRICAN IN VITRO-PRODUCED INDIGENOUS CATTLE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab214.
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The present study was undertaken to determine whether the source of oocytes (slaughterhouse ovaries from feedlot cows or naturally grazing indigenous cows) would affect in vitro bovine embryo production. Bovine oocytes (n = 1047), aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries from feedlot cows and naturally grazing indigenous cows were randomly allocated to Sanyo, Forma, and Thermo 5% CO2 incubators. Oocytes were then in vitro matured in TCM-199 plus 10% fetal bovine serum, 1 μg mL–1 for both FSH and LH at 39°C for 24 h, and fertilized in Brackett and Oliphant (BO) medium per treatment group at 39°C. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in vitro per treatment group. Total cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded postfertilization. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Preliminary results demonstrated that there was no effect of incubator or source of oocytes on cleavage and 8-cell embryos. However, the cleavage and embryo developmental rate tended to be lower for the feedlot group, regardless of the incubator used (Table 1). In conclusion, this study suggests that slaughterhouse ovaries obtained from South African indigenous cows from a feedlot resulted in a lower blastocyst formation rate. Further studies are currently underway to count the cell numbers and to conduct embryo transfer. Table 1.Comparison of three different incubators and source of oocytes on embryo development in vitro This work was funded by the South African National Department of Agriculture, DST-PDP, and the National Research Foundation (NRF, Grant. Nos. RT21 and 24000).
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Oliveira Junior, Jair Sábio de, Christopher Junior Tavares Cardoso, Wilian Aparecido Leite da Silva, Henrique Kischel, Mirela Brochado Souza, Evelyn Rabelo Andrade, Eriklis Nogueira, Katia Cristina Silva-Santos, Marcelo Marcondes Seneda, and Fabiana De Andrade Melo-Sterza. "Antral follicles population in heifers and cows of Nelore and Girolando breeds." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 6 (December 9, 2015): 3741. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6p3741.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian antral follicle populations (OAFP) of Nelore and Girolando breed heifers (12–18 months old) and cows (24–60 months old). Animals were assigned to four groups: (1) Nelore cows (n = 18), (2) Girolando cows (n = 20), (3) Nelore heifers (n = 7), and (4) Girolando heifers (n = 7). Cows were treated to synchronize follicular wave emergence by implantation of an intravaginal device containing 1.9 g of progesterone, as well as intramuscular administration of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and 25 mg of dinoprost. This synchronization treatment was administered at a random day of the estrous cycle of each cow, designated D0. Intravaginal devices were removed on D7, and on D11, OAFP counts were performed by transvaginal ovarian ultrasound. For each cow, all follicles ?3 mm in diameter were counted in both ovaries and counts were performed three times at 35-day intervals. Counts were also obtained from heifers, but these animals were not treated for synchronization of follicular wave emergence. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s test and Pearson’s correlation test were used to compare mean OAFPs between counts as well as mean OAFPs between breed and age groups. No differences were observed in mean OAFPs between Nelore and Girolando cows (30.9 vs. 26.7, respectively; P > 0.05) or heifers (16.2 vs. 18.1, respectively; P > 0.05). However, within each breed, there were differences in mean OAFPs between heifers and cows (for Nelore cattle: 16.2 and 30.9, respectively; for Girolando cattle: 18.1 and 26.7, respectively; both P < 0.05). In conclusion, OAFPs were similar between Nelore and Girolando breeds and were influenced by age. Furthermore, we observed a high correlation for individual animals between the mean numbers of follicles counted in both ovaries and total number of follicles counted in either the right or left ovary, indicating that the evaluation of a single ovary is sufficient to estimate the OAFP of an individual.