Journal articles: 'CATWOE Analysis'

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Rachmayanti, Wahyu, and Putri Arumsari. "Risk factors analysis affecting project time delay in construction projects using CATWOE analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 794, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012010.

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Ricardianto, Prasadja, Salahudin Rafi, and Muhammad Rifni. "SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY PADA PENGEMBANGAN BANDAR UDARA PROVINSI SULAWESI BARAT." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 4, no. 2 (September 11, 2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v4i2.77.

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The purpose of the study is to identify airport development plan towards Public Transport Policy based on Airport Development Blue Print with Soft System Methodology (SSM) in West Sulawesi Province. The study is qualitative by applying Soft System Methodology (SSM) with root definition component, constructing images known as rich picture and CATWOE six-element analysis. The data is collected by focus group discussions and in-depth interviews using purposive sampling technique. The results show airport development concept based on seven stages of Transport Public Transport Policy on Soft System Methodology (SSM) basis.

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Prasetyanti, Retnayu. "Ecocracy: Ecology based Democracy Pursuing Local Goals of Sustainable Development in Indonesia." JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 21, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkap.18824.

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This paper analyses the need for ecology based democracy to achieve sustainability in local development. Research results indicate that the development of democracy as it was mandated in the Green Constitution has directed the implementation of the Local Sustainable Development Goals using Ecocracy principles. The new trend of Open Local Government and Green Economy by strengthening the strategies of gender development and Ecoregion has recognized the sovereignty of the environment in local development. A qualitative CATWOE analysis concludes that in the context of local sustainable development, the ideas of Ecofeminism and Ecoregion practically take into consideration local factors which are unique and different due to the nature of diversity. Consequently, the key principle of Ecocracy must be enhanced comprehensively through enhanced participation, transparency, law enforcement, sustainability, local wisdom (socio-culture), equality (gender), accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, and welfare.

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Hasan, Ani Yoraeni, and Henny Leidiyana. "Penerapan Soft Sistem Methodelogy Pada Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Akademik (Studi Kasus di SMKN 6 Kota Bekasi)." Journal of Informatic and Information Security 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jiforty.v2i1.669.

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Academic information systems are important in teaching and learning activities, this is supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure. To support this, a system must be made that is able to assist in the teaching and learning process, namely by developing an academic information system. This development system uses the social system methodology method with the aim of helping the school's academic field achieve its goals and facilitate the teaching and learning process. This approach is designed using CATWOE analysis with components, namely customers, actors, the transformation process, world view, and the environment. The results of this study are able to answer the school's need for an effective and efficient system so that it can improve the performance of all school goals.

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Nikolić, Jelena, and Dejana Zlatanović. "Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Synergies: A Systemic Approach." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2018-0016.

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AbstractRespecting the importance of corporate governance (CG), particularly various corporate governance mechanisms for improving corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, the paper highlights relevant CG–CSR synergies from the perspective of systems thinking. The paper further aims to demonstrate the ways in which selected systems methodologies can support CG–CSR synergies. Accordingly, we selected appropriate systems methodologies, such as dialectical systems theory, soft systems methodology, and system dynamics. We defined the dialectical system, consisting of essential corporate governance mechanisms, which contribute to CSR; we also identified the key stakeholders and their perceptions of CG–CSR relations through CATWOE analysis; thus, the appropriate root definition and conceptual model, including the activities that are relevant for CG–CSR relations, were developed. Developed systemic framework provided a relevant methodological support to highlight the various issues of corporate governance, such as institutional framework, market for corporate control, ownership structure, board structure, and their contribution to CSR.

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Fatahillah, Fuad, Saryanto Saryanto, and Sawarni Hasibuan. "Perancangan model integrasi manajemen operasi pelayanan tanker menggunakan metode soft system methodology." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 11, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.v11.3.2019.036.

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These study aims are to design a management model of integrated tanker shipping operations to create the best coordination of the parties involved in tanker shipping operations. The implementation of this model is expected to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and optimization of tanker shipping operations management in decision making appropriate and timely. The method used is the Soft System Methodology (SSM). Data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), In-Depth Interview (IDI) from experts. Human Activity System (HAS) mapping is done with analysis techniques using CATWOE analysis (Customer, Actor, Transformation, World view, Owner, Environment constraint), the model is designed through the SSM Learning Model which aims to design a Conceptual Model (CM). The management concept model of integrated tanker shipping operations has the implication of minimizing and eliminating cost losses due to claims so that it can reduce the cost of transporting fuel oil significantly so as to provide added value to the Government in carrying out the obligation to supply fuel at affordable economic prices throughout the Indonesian Unitary Territory.

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Wiyanto, Henny. "Application of Soft System Methodology to Visual Assessment Method of Concrete Damage." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 26, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v26i1.21371.

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Concrete damage on buildings can be interpreted as the presence of a change in the physical state of concrete. Damage can be in the form of change on the concrete surface or loss of concrete quality. To be able to identify the concrete damage condition on a building, inspection and assessment is required. Visual assessment is a method that can be a good first step to identifying the concrete damage condition on a building structure. Visual assessment is limited to concrete surface that can be accessed with visual senses. The goal of the research is to develop the concrete damage assessment method on a building visually that can be accepted by construction industry users in Indonesia with the Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach. Application of the SSM approach in this research uses the Root Definition component, CATWOE analysis, Rich Picture, and Conceptual Model. Result that is obtained from research, is the development concept for a visual method of building damage assessment, based on the seven steps according to SSM. Research results are in the form of a method that can identify and assess concrete damage while determining the concrete damage level on a building visually.

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Sensuse, Dana Indra, Viktor Suwiyanto, Sofian Lusa, Arfive Gandhi, Muhammad Mishbah, and Damayanti Elisabeth. "Designing Knowledge Sharing System for Statistical Activities in BPS—Statistics Indonesia." Data 6, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6050048.

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Statistics of Indonesia’s (BPS) performance are not optimal since there is a lack of integration among business processes. This has resulted in unsynchronized data, unstandardized business processes, and inefficient IT investment. To encourage more qualified and integrated business processes, BPS should optimize the knowledge sharing process (KSP) among government employees in statistical areas. This study designed a Knowledge Sharing System (KSS) to facilitate KSP in BPS towards knowledge sharing improvement. The KSS manifested a hypothesis that the design of qualified knowledge management can facilitate an organization to overcome the lack of integration among business processes. Hence, BPS can avoid repetitive mistakes, improve work efficiency, and reduce the risk of failure. This study generated a business process-oriented KSS by combining soft system methodology with the B-KIDE (Business process-oriented Knowledge Infrastructure Development) Framework. It delivered research artifacts (a rich picture, CATWOE analysis (costumer, actor, transformation, weltanschauung, owner, environment), and conceptual model) to capture eight mechanisms of knowledge, map them into the knowledge process, and define the applicable technology. The KSS model has perceived a score of 0.40 using the Kappa formula that indicates the stakeholders’ acceptance. Therefore, BPS can leverage a qualified KSS towards the integrated business processes statistically while the hypothesis was accepted.

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Sablik, Piotr, Małgorzata Szewczuk, Ewa Januś, Piotr Błaszczyk, and Monika Rudzińska. "Profitability analysis of Limousin cattle organic farming compared to the conventional cattle management system." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/asp.2017.16.4.09.

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Moravčíková, Nina, Radovan Kasarda, Luboš Vostrý, Zuzana Krupová, Emil Krupa, Kristína Lehocká, Barbora Olšanská, et al. "Analysis of selection signatures in the beef cattle genome." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 12 (December 22, 2019): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/226/2019-cjas.

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This study aimed to evaluate the impact of selection on the genome structure of beef cattle through identification of selection signatures reflecting the breeding standard of each breed and to discover potential functional genetic variants to improve performance traits. Genotyping data of six beef breeds (Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Limousin, Charolais, Piedmontese and Romagnola) were used to perform genome-wide scans for selection signatures. The approaches applied were based on an assumption that selection leads to linkage disequilibrium or to a decrease of genetic variability in genomic regions containing genotypes connected with favourable phenotypes. Thus, the selection signatures were analysed based on Wright’s FST index, distribution of runs of homozygosity segments in the beef genome and determination of linkage disequilibrium variability between breeds. The number and length of detected selection signals were different depending on the breeds and methodological approaches. As expected due to the breeding goals of analysed breeds, common signals were located on autosomes 2, 6, 7, 13 and 20 close to the genes associated with coat colour (KIT, KDR), muscle development (GDF9, GHRH, GHR), double muscling (MSTN), meat tenderness (CAST) and intramuscular fat content (SCD). But, across the genomes of analysed breeds, unique selection signals were found as well. The subsequent analysis of those single nucleotide polymorphism markers can be beneficial for the genetic progress of studied breeds in future.

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Sato, Mitsuo, Kenzi Morikawa, and Satοsi Kurosawa. "X-ray Rietveld analysis of cation exchanged zeolite-L(LTL)." European Journal of Mineralogy 2, no. 6 (December 19, 1990): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2/6/0851.

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Khayame, Houda A., and Mona M. Abdeljawad. "Systems Thinking in Upstream Social Marketing: Using Soft Systems Methodology to Improve Midwifery Policy in Jordan." Social Marketing Quarterly 26, no. 2 (June 2020): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500420925810.

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Background: Despite being acknowledged worldwide as essential maternal care providers, midwives remain marginalized in the Jordanian healthcare system. Further, considering Jordan’s goal to achieve a total fertility rate of 2.1 by 2030 and Jordanian women’s preference for female providers, enhancing midwives’ role could significantly promote the use of reproductive health and family planning services. Focus of the Article: We report on opportunities created by opening the boundary of our social marketing understanding to systems thinking in practice (STiP), using soft systems methodology (SSM) to engage with the complex situation of midwifery policy in Jordan. Research Question: In what ways could STiP benefit upstream social marketing interventions? We attempt to answer this question from the perspective of an SSM action research in Jordan. Program Design/Approach: The intervention combines stakeholder analysis and evidence-based policy with an SSM seven-stage cycle. We analyze the compatibility of SSM with social marketing through the NSMC’s eight benchmark criteria. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: The case offers to learn experientially about the relevance of a systems’ approach to complement social marketing frameworks. Drawing from the practical application of SSM, this study suggests that using systems’ tools in social marketing interventions might significantly contribute to achieving intended behavioral outcomes. Methods: Gordon’s alternative framework for upstream social marketing, “advocacy, relationship building and stakeholders’ engagement,” was enacted through the SSM’s seven stages. Research findings provided advocacy arguments. Rich pictures, conceptual modeling, and the CATWOE exercise fostered relationship building and stakeholders’ engagement toward the accommodation stage. Results: At the systematic level, that is, the linear chain of programmatic activities, the policy objective was achieved with an amended Law submitted to the Parliament for debate. At the systemic level, that is, the dynamic relationships among stakeholders, the social learning that emerged during the SSM process reduced policymakers’ resistance and fostered their collective action. Recommendations for Research or Practice: Social marketers can benefit from further experimentation with systems’ approaches to develop their STiP capabilities. Thus, social marketing practice, at this historical moment, could be better equipped conceptually and practically to manage for the emergence of positive behavior change in messy upstream situations where policy and politics are always enmeshed. Limitations: SSM calls for several iterations until stakeholders feel that no more change is needed. However, these iterations are challenging to implement during the limited time frame of development projects. In this case, another iteration was suggested to diffuse the conflict between midwives and obstetrician-gynecologists who saw themselves as victims of this policy reform. However, with Jordan Communication Advocacy and Policy ending in December 2019, this case legacy might be passed on to other projects.

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Arbi, Jentry S. Lahe, M. A. V. Manese, I. D. R. Lumenta, and M. L. Rundengan. "ANALISIS USAHA KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK SAPI “PELITA” DI DESA TONSEWER KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA." ZOOTEC 35, no. 2 (December 24, 2015): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.36.1.2016.10471.

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ABSTRACT ANALYSIS GROUP BUSINESS FARM ANIMALS CATTLE " PELITA " IN THE VILLAGE Tonsewer Tompaso WEST DISTRICT MINAHASA The aim of this research, analyzing the break even point (BEP) in cattle farming PO "Pelita Group" in the village Tonsewer. This study used survey method with primary and secondary data. Data were collected from September to October 2015, using the BEP analysis. Results of the study showed that the maintenance of 63 head of cattle during the first year, issued a total cost of Rp. 414.150.000-, with revenues of Rp. 714 246 250, and BEP revenues of Rp. 62,265,476.19 and BEP production is 6 head of cattle. Keywords : Catlle, Farmer Group, BEP.

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Barrett, David C. "Cattle Review." Livestock 26, no. 4 (July 2, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2021.26.4.194.

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Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider a meta-analysis of dietary cation-anion difference research, methods of measuring antimicrobial use on dairy farms, and UK veterinary students' attitudes towards production animal orientated careers.

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Siddiqui, Masood H., and Shalini N. Tripathi. "Application of Soft Operations Research for Enhancing the Servicescape as a Facilitator." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 36, no. 1 (January 2011): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920110103.

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Servicescape provides a visual metaphor for an organization's total offering. It can also act as a facilitator by either adding or hindering the abilities of employees and customers in performing their activities. Repatronage of the service provider is assumed to be dependent on consumers' level of satisfaction with the service rendered. This paper discusses the use of Soft Operations Research in dealing with the issues of designing, improving, and managing the Servicescape for organizations delivering high contact services like shopping malls. Cross-functional co-operation in planning and management of Servicescape is of paramount importance because of participation of many actors having different perceptions, conflicting interests, etc. So, analytical approaches to decision-making must take into account the human dimensions like wider consultation with different stakeholders. This emerging trend in business strategy research is reflected in the growing application of Soft OR because it applies models to help group decision-making. A selective mixing of two Soft OR methodologies — Soft System Methodology and Strategic Choice Approach — has been applied for enhancing the Servicescape as a facilitator. This mixing can enhance and enrich the process of decision-making because each methodology can adequately emphasize only a particular aspect of the problem. Root definition and CATWOE (from SSM) are used for understanding and defining the business (Servicescape) model while uncertainty space and commitment package (from SCA) are used for handling risk and uncertainty inherent in it. AHP has been used to prioritize the major dimensions of the Servicescape, which gives general interiors as the most important dimension, followed by social dimension, internal display facilities, and then exterior facilities. While comparing the conceptual model with the real world, AHP indicated intangibility element and capital cost as the major concerns. Further, AHP prioritized various uncertainty areas in the process of development and management of Servicescape, with uncertainty about working environment as the most important problematic area. To reduce it, technical response has been used in the form of research investigation and analytical analysis (using optimization tools). Finally, a conceptual model for the project was developed after a number of detailed and structured discussion rounds, using the participative bottom-up Soft OR modeling process. Traditional OR tools were also deployed to decide upon three desirable and culturally feasible decision packages. These were compared using DEA with respect to their relative performance efficiencies and finally the most efficient decision package (commitment package) was decided upon. Throughout the action-research process, the emphasis has been on group decision-making, consensus building, and extracting cognitive commitment for the process of change. Thus, wider consultation and channelizing the discussion towards a common goal using Soft OR techniques may significantly contribute towards the success of developing and managing the service environment of shopping malls.

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Shi, T., Y. Xu, M. J. Yang, Y. Zhou, M. Liu, X. Y. Lan, C. Z. Lei, et al. "Genetic variation, association analysis, and expression pattern of SMAD3 gene in Chinese cattle." Czech Journal of Animal Science 61, No. 5 (July 15, 2016): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/34/2015-cjas.

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Czerneková, V., T. Kott, G. Dudková, Z. Sztankóová, and J. Soldát. "Genetic diversity between seven Central European cattle breeds as revealed by microsatellite analysis." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 1 (December 5, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3902-cjas.

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This study compares the genetic variation in seven cattle breeds from theterritory ofCentralEurope. Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to detect differences in the polymorphism of genetic markers in Czech Pied (Simmental), Slovakian Pied (Simmental), Slovakian Pinzgau,Holstein, Polish Red, German Red, and Czech Red breeds. For these loci, allele frequencies, heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, effective population size, and genetic distances were evaluated. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and it showed that the Central European Red breeds tended to cluster together, whereas theHolstein was the most divergent from the remaining breeds. These data are discussed in the context of the known origin of respective breeds.  

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PRZYSUCHA, Tomasz, Marcin GOŁĘBIEWSKI, Karolina WNĘK, Jan SLÓSARZ, Małgorzata KUNOWSKA-SLÓSARZ, and Marek BALCERAK. "ANALYSIS OF RESULTS ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH RATES OF SIMMENTAL BEEF CATTLE IN POLAND." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 336, no. 43 (September 30, 2017): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2017.43.3.13.

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Priyamvada, Shweta. "Economic Analysis of Unorganized Dairy Cattle Farms in Jorhat District of Assam, India." Alinteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences 36, no. 1 (February 6, 2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21007.

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Pšenka, M., M. Šístková, Š. Mihina, and R. Gálik. "Frequency analysis of noise exposure of dairy cows in the process of milking." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, No. 4 (November 28, 2016): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2015-rae.

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In the environment of farms and farm buildings, cattle are exposed to various unnatural influences. Such an impact is also noise always arising with a certain energy conversion. In cattle farms, the sources of noise are represented by various mechanical equipment and machines that are used for enabling farm operations. The aim of the paper was to analyse the noise levels in dairy cattle production in the environment, during their day routine. Noise levels were measured at two farms with a different technological layout of milking parlour, with a different way of milking. The noise exposure of dairy cows was measured in three locations, namely in the milking parlour, during standing in the area before milking (in the so-called collection room) and directly in the stabling area. Noise exposure was measured during milking and when the milking parlour was turned off. The values were compared with the hearing sensitivity of cattle at selected frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 kHz).

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Chen, N., Q. Zhang, J. Zhi, H. Guo, H. Gao, F. Li, J. Huang, C. Lei, H. Chen, and Y. Ma. "Chinese yellow cattle PPARA gene: Analyses of expression, polymorphism and trait association." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 12 (December 4, 2018): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/99/2017-cjas.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates key proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation and extracellular lipid metabolism. Given the importance of PPARA in modulating energy metabolism, PPARA may be a suitable candidate gene for assessing economic traits in cattle. In the present study, the genetic diversity of the PPARA gene in Chinese cattle breeds and its effects on growth traits in the Nanyang and Jiaxian breeds were investigated. First, the transcript profiles for PPARA were determined in eight adult cattle tissue types. Next, polymorphisms were identified in the coding and predicted promoter regions of the bovine PPARA gene in 424 animals. Finally, an association study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between PPARA and the development of cattle. Based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, PPARA was mainly expressed in the kidney and liver. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in Chinese domestic cattle, including one novel SNP. Haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium were also investigated. Four SNPs (g.17148558A>T, g.117195348A>G, g.117228160T>C, and g.117233248A>G) showed significant associations with growth traits in NY and JX cattle, including body weight, average daily gain, and hipbone width. These results confirmed the importance of PPARA as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection for growth traits in cattle.

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Prasetyo, E., T. Ekowati, and S. Gayatri. "An income analysis of beef cattle fattening system and its contribution to the total household income in Central Java Province." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 45, no. 4 (September 16, 2020): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.45.4.365-372.

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Beef cattle fattening is raised by farmers in Central Java, but not yet profit oriented. The aims of this research were to analyze the farmer income of beef cattle fattening farm and its contribution to the total household income and to analyze the influence of production costs and farm size toward beef cattle farm income. Survey was used among 150 beef cattle farmers, while multi stage cluster quota sampling was used as sampling method. Income analysis, paired t test, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Research result showed that the farmer’s income from beef cattle farm is IDR 6,736,824.21 per 6.32 month fattening period on an average farm scale was 2.31 heads (equal to IDR 1,065,953.20/month). While, average income of farm households from non-beef cattle farm was IDR 3,516,080.95/month. The contribution of beef cattle farm to household farmer’s income was 30.32%. Based on the paired t test, beef cattle farm income is significantly different and smaller than the income from non-beef cattle farm. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that variable cost and number of beef cattle had a significant effect on beef cattle farm income, while the fixed cost had no significant effect.

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Tiecher, Tales, Mohsin Zafar, Fábio Joel Kochem Mallmann, Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi, Marcos Antonio Bender, Lucas Henrique Ciotti, and Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos. "Animal manure phosphorus characterization by sequential chemical fractionation, release kinetics and 31P-NMR analysis." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 5 (October 2014): 1506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000500016.

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Phosphate release kinetics from manures are of global interest because sustainable plant nutrition with phosphate will be a major concern in the future. Although information on the bioavailability and chemical composition of P present in manure used as fertilizer are important to understand its dynamics in the soil, such studies are still scarce. Therefore, P extraction was evaluated in this study by sequential chemical fractionation, desorption with anion-cation exchange resin and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to assess the P forms in three different dry manure types (i.e. poultry, cattle and swine manure). All three methods showed that the P forms in poultry, cattle and swine dry manures are mostly inorganic and highly bioavailable. The estimated P pools showed that organic and recalcitrant P forms were negligible and highly dependent on the Ca:P ratio in manures. The results obtained here showed that the extraction of P with these three different methods allows a better understanding and complete characterization of the P pools present in the manures.

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Krivtsun, I. V., I. V. Krikent, and V. F. Demchenko. "Numerical analysis of plasma characteristics of constricted and free-burning arc with a refractory cathode." Paton Welding Journal 2016, no. 11 (November 28, 2016): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2016.11.01.

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Pipek, P., J. Jeleníková, and L. Sarnovský. "The use of video image analysis for fat content estimation." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 3 (December 12, 2011): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4288-cjas.

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The composition of selected cuts of cattle carcasses was determined in connection with the search for new methods of carcass classification. The content of adipose tissue and intramuscular fat in the cross-section of beef loin was estimated. A total of 79 samples was taken for investigations in a broad range of cattle category. The classical extraction method in Soxhlet extractor was compared with video image analysis, which measured the ratio of muscle to fat areas. The size and the shape of the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) and its ratio in the loin cross-section was also estimated. A good correlation (r = 0.99, P < 0.05) between both methods was found for the estimation of intramuscular fat in MLLT. The correlation in the case of the whole cross-section was influenced by the connective tissue that gives also white areas similarly like the adipose tissue, but the fat content is different.

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Kim, Hyeona, Sung-Beom Kim, Deok-Hye Park, and Kyung-Won Park. "Fluorine-Doped LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184808.

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For advanced lithium-ion batteries, LiNixCoyMnzO2 (x + y + z = 1) (NCM) cathode materials containing a high nickel content have been attractive because of their high capacity. However, to solve severe problems such as cation mixing, oxygen evolution, and transition metal dissolution in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes, in this study, F-doped LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCMF) was synthesized by solid-state reaction of a NCM and ammonium fluoride, followed by heating process. From X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the oxygen in NCM can be replaced by F− ions to produce the F-doped NCM structure. The substitution of oxygen with F− ions may produce relatively strong bonds between the transition metal and F and increase the c lattice parameter of the structure. The NCMF cathode exhibits better electrochemical performance and stability in half- and full-cell tests compared to the NCM cathode.

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Zheng, Y. C., Y. Q. Lin, Y. Yue, Y. O. Xu, and S. Y. Jin. "Expression profiles of myostatin and calpastatin genes and analysis of shear force and intramuscular fat content of yak longissimus muscle." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 12 (December 22, 2011): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4417-cjas.

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The main objective of this study was to reveal the expression profiles of two negative regulators, myostatin (MSTN) and calpastatin (CAST)genes, of skeletal muscle growth in highland yaks (Bos grunniens). mRNA levels of both genes were quantified in different yak tissues by semi-quantitative RT-PCR to reveal the tissue expression pattern, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR was employed to compare the mRNA levels of MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscles of yaks at different ages and adult Yellow cattle. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content, tenderness and pH of longissimus muscle of yaks at different ages and of adult Yellow cattle were also measured. The results showed that MSTN and CAST expressions have tissue specificity and both exhibited a high level in longissimus muscle and a low level in adipose tissue. Yak calves had lower mRNA levels of both MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscle compared with adult yaks. The analysis of meat quality traits of longissimus muscle showed that the shear forces of raw longissimus muscle of yak calves were significantly lower than those of adult yaks and Yellow cattle, no significant difference was found between adult yaks and Yellow cattle of similar age. IMF content in longissimus muscle was lower in yaks than in Yellow cattle. Although yaks were smaller in body size than Yellow cattle, adult yaks showed lower levels of MSTN and similar level of CAST mRNA in longissimus muscle compared to Yellow cattle. These data indicate that the expression of both MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscle differs between adult yaks and yak calves, and the yak longissimus muscle shows a lower IMF content compared to cattle.  

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Cech, S., R. Dolezel, K. Holickova, E. Indrova, T. Kochova, M. Lopatarova, J. Mala, A. Pechova, M. Zavadilova, and L. Zilka. "A new device for the aspiration of follicular fluid for acid-base balance analysis in cattle." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 10 (November 21, 2013): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7084-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate a new device for the ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration of follicular fluid for acid-base balance analysis (ABB set) in comparison with the original modified commercial OPU set. In the ABB set, an aspiration syringe was placed in the front part of the new tool’s handle, next to the transducer, so as to enable direct collection of the sample into the syringe. To obtain a sufficient amount of testable fluid, reservoirs of urine (rubber balloons) were used for later aspiration under laboratory conditions in Experiment 1. Fifteen triads of samples (each triad with two punctures) were collected. While the first sample of each triad was taken using the ABB set (ABB sample), two samples were taken by one puncture using the original modified commercial OPU set: aerobic phase of sampling (AE sample) with air present in the tubing at the start of sampling and the subsequent anaerobic phase of sampling (AN sample). Values determined in the second sample from the triad (AE) varied from the values in both ABB and AN samples (pH 7.685 vs. 7.704 vs. 7.692, pCO2 11.13 vs. 10.3 vs. 10.85, pO2 6.87 vs. 8.67 vs. 7.02). In Experiment 2, ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspirations were carried out in 13 cows bearing ovarian cysts with diameters of at least 3 cm, using plastic aspiration syringes (Experiment 2P) and in 12 cows using glass aspiration syringes (Experiment 2G). The sequence of samples was the same as in Experiment 1. We found a significantly higher pH in AE in comparison to AN (7.357 vs. 7.348), lower pCO2 (6.85) and higher O2 (14.12) in samples of AE in comparison to samples of ABB and AN (pCO2 7.36, 7.30; O2 9.95, 10.63 respectively) in cystic fluid in Experiment 2P. We found a significantly higher pH (7.4), lower pCO2 (5.98) and a higher pO2 (12.35) in AE samples in comparison to ABB and AN samples of cystic fluid (pH 7.386, 7.385; pCO2 6.39, 6.35 and O2 10.56, 10.65, respectively) from Experiment 2G. We conclude that the acid-base balance assay was affected by air, present in the tubing during aerobic sampling in comparison to anaerobic and ABB set sampling. These pre-analytical changes can be prevented by the use of the ABB set because the results obtained with the ABB set were not different from that of the AN samples. We also confirmed pre-analytical changes in acid-base balance parameters in the cystic fluid after it had been stored in plastic aspiration syringes. Our new ABB set equipped with a glass aspiration syringe is suitable for sampling follicular fluid for both acid-base balance and gas analysis.

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Challacombe, Jean F., A. J. Duncan, Thomas S. Brettin, David Bruce, Olga Chertkov, J. Chris Detter, Cliff S. Han, et al. "Complete Genome Sequence of Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somni) Strain 129Pt and Comparison to Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP and Haemophilus influenzae Rd." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 5 (December 15, 2006): 1890–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01422-06.

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ABSTRACT Haemophilus somnus can be either a commensal of bovine mucosal surfaces or an opportunistic pathogen. Pathogenic strains of H. somnus are a significant cause of systemic disease in cattle. We report the genome sequence of H. somnus 129Pt, a nonpathogenic commensal preputial isolate, and the results of a genome-wide comparative analysis of H. somnus 129Pt, Haemophilus influenzae Rd, and Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP. We found unique genes in H. somnus 129Pt involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis, carbohydrate uptake and metabolism, cation transport, amino acid metabolism, ubiquinone and menaquinone biosynthesis, cell surface adhesion, biosynthesis of cofactors, energy metabolism, and electron transport. There were also many genes in common among the three organisms. Our comparative analyses of H. somnus 129Pt, H. influenzae Rd, and H. ducreyi 35000HP revealed similarities and differences in the numbers and compositions of genes involved in metabolism, host colonization, and persistence. These results lay a foundation for research on the host specificities and niche preferences of these organisms. Future comparisons between H. somnus 129Pt and virulent strains will aid in the development of protective strategies and vaccines to protect cattle against H. somnus disease.

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Bierman, Paul R., and Alan R. Gillespie. "Evidence Suggesting That Methods of Rock-Varnish Cation-Ratio Dating Are neither Comparable nor Consistently Reliable." Quaternary Research 41, no. 1 (January 1994): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1009.

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AbstractUsing samples from a prehistoric quarry site in the Mojave Desert, we tested and compared the two principal methods of rock-varnish cation-ratio dating, analysis of rock-varnish scrapings (R. I. Dorn, 1983, Quaternary Research 20, 49-73 and 1989, Physical Geography 13, 559-596) and analysis of rock varnish in situ (C. D. Harrington and J. W. Whitney, 1987, Geology 15, 967-970). Because we found no consistent relationship between the varnish cation ratio (K + Ca)/Ti, and the relative age of the varnish, neither method could be used to "cation-ratio date" the underlying chert artifacts. Moreover, in situ analyses yielded systematically higher cation ratios and lower Ti abundances than bulk analyses of scraped varnish or microprobe analyses of varnish in cross section. Our results, when considered along with other recently published evidence, indicate that these two methods of varnish chemical analysis and cation-ratio dating may not be comparable, nor consistently reliable, chronometers.

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Ozbey, G., A. Kilic, H. B Ertas, and A. Muz. "Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Pasteurella multocida and Manheimia haemolytica strains isolated from cattle, sheep and goats." Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 3 (March 29, 2012): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5678-vetmed.

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n this study, 30, 15 and 1 strains of Pasteurella multocida and 9, 8 and 6 strains of Mannheimia haemolytica from cattle, sheep and goats isolated in Elazig province located in the East of Turkey, respectively were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay using a random primer (OPA-11). By RAPD assay, two and three distinct band profiles were obtained in the examination of P. multocida isolates from cattle and sheep, respectively. However, M. haemolytica isolates from cattle, sheep and goats showed only one profile and these strains were not discriminated by RAPD. This study showed that little genetic heterogeneity exists among P. multocida and M. haemolytica isolates from lungs of cattle, sheep and goats.

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32

Graetz, J., A. Hightower, C. C. Ahn, P. Rez, and B. Fultz. "Electronic structure analysis of LiCoO2 using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 1186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032001.

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LiCoO2 is currently the preferred cathode material in secondary Li-ion batteries. Stoichiometric LiCoO2 has rhombohedral symmetry and belongs to the R3m space group. This layered structure has Li and Co ions ordered along (111) planes to form alternating cation layers. The Co3+ ion, located in octahedral sites, forms a strong bond with neighboring oxygen atoms to produce O-Co-O sheets. Li layers are sandwiched between these sheets of CoO2.It has traditionally been accepted that in lithium metal oxides (LiMO2) the valence of the transition metal compensates for the charge on the intercalated Li. The theoretical boundaries for Li concentration in an electrode of LixCoO2 are 0≤x≤l. Using a simple ionic charge transfer model, the fully-lithiated material has ions with charges of Li+, Co3+, and O2-. in the CoO2 end member the ions have charges of Co4+ and O2- This simple model incorrectly leads to the conclusion that the oxygen valence is virtually unaffected by Li intercation.

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Freyer, G., and N. Vukasinovic. "Comparison of granddaughter design and general pedigree design analysis of QTL in dairy cattle: a simulation study." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 12 (December 11, 2011): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4260-cjas.

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Traditional methods for detection and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in dairy cattle populations are usually based on daughter design (DD) or granddaughter design (GDD). Although these designs are well established and usually successful in detecting QTL, they consider sire families independently of each other, thereby ignoring relationships among other animals in the population and consequently, reducing the power of QTL detection. In this study we compared a traditional GDD with a general pedigree design (GPD) and assessed the precision and power of both methods for detecting and locating QTL in a simulated complex pedigree. QTL analyses were performed under the variance component model containing a random QTL and a random polygenic effect. The covariance matrix of the polygenic effect was a standard additive relationship matrix. The (co)variance matrix of the random QTL effect contained probabilities that QTL alleles shared by two individuals were identical by descent (IBD). In the GDD analysis, IBD probabilities were calculated using sires’ and daughters’ marker genotypes. In the GPD analysis, IBD probabilities were obtained using a deterministic approach. The estimation of QTL position and variance components was conducted using REML algorithm. Although both methods were able to locate the region of the QTL properly, the GPD method showed better precision of QTL position estimates in most cases and significantly higher power than the GDD method.  

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Turcotte, S. B., J. R. Mitchell, R. E. Benner, and R. W. Grow. "Cathode analysis using Raman spectroscopy." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 36, no. 1 (January 1989): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.21204.

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Cho, H., and E. B. Jeung. "204 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM TRANSPORT GENES EXPRESSION IN HOLSTEIN AND HANWOO (KOREAN CATTLE) IN THE DUODENUM AND KIDNEY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab204.

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Transmembranous calcium (Ca2+) channels such as Trpv5/6,Ncx1,Pmca1b are known to play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and metabolizing Ca2+ ions. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V members 5 and 6 (Trpv5/6) play an important role in Ca2+ absorption. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (Ncx1) and plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase1 (Pmca1b) play a role in Ca2+ excretion. Holstein cattle are known to provide higher milk production than other cattle breeds. In this respect, a higher susceptibility to hypocalcaemia that is a risk factor for many of calcium-related diseases such as milk fever has been observed. In contrary, Hanwoo cattle are relatively resistant to the calcium-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of calcium transport genes in the duodenum and kidney of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) and Holstein cattle. All samples were obtained from Holstein and Hanwoo cattle from 36 to 60 months of age at a local slaughterhouse. The collected duodenum and kidney were rapidly excised and washed in cold sterile saline (0.9% NaCl). Total RNA was prepared from duodenum and kidney tissues using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer's protocol. Protein was extracted using Pro-prep (iNtRON Bio), according to the manufacturer's protocol. Expression of Trpv5/6, Ncx1 and Pmca1b was analysed by real-time RT–PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. In dairy cattle's kidney (Holstein), the level of Trpv5 mRNA was ~3-fold more than Hanwoo's kidney while Pmca1b mRNA was one-fifth less than Hanwoo's kidney. However, no difference in Trpv6 and Ncx1 mRNA expression was observed in the kidney of Holstein compared with Hanwoo. Duodenal Trpv5 and Trpv6 mRNA were scarcely expressed in both Hanwoo and Holstein cattle. In addition, the mRNA expression of Pmca1b and Ncx1 were also not different between Hanwoo and Holstein. The protein expression of calcium transport genes were similar to the mRNA levels of calcium transport genes in both Hanwoo and Holstein. Localization of calcium transporter genes were identified, the glomerulus, and proximal and distal convoluted tubules expressed TRPV5, 6, Pmca1b, and Ncx1 in the kidney. These four calcium transport genes may play an important role in the bovine duodenum and kidney. The difference between Holstein and Hanwoo animals which express different gene expression patterns may be helpful in studying diseases associated with calcium metabolism, e.g. milk fever.

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Dedikarni, Andanastuti Muchtar, Norhamidi Muhamad, and Wan Ramli Wan Daud. "Microstructure Characterisation of Ag₂O₃-Bi₂O₃ Composite Cathodes for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFCs)." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.97.

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Porous Ag-Bi2O3 composite cathodes on stainless steel (SS) substrate, an excellent mixed-ionic conductor that can be used as cathode material for the intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) has been developed using the slurry painting method. Characterisation of the composite cathode includes the thermal analysis, morphology, and porosity of the porous cathode. Thermal analysis of the dried slurry was conducted in order to determine the heating schedule for eliminating the organic components using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The TGA and DSC analyses confirmed the organic vehicle was fully decomposed below 418oC and the formation of composite cathode oxide phase took place beyond 600oC. The microstructure of the thermally treated cathode was analysed using SEM and XRD. The SEM results showed that the grain size of the cathode increased with the increase of temperature during thermal treatment and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the presence of δ-Bi2O3 phase on the cathode. Porosity was obtained using the Archimedes method. The Ag2O3-Bi2O3 cathode on stainless steel substrates was found to have a porosity of 53%, 51%, 39% and 28% upon 1, 2, 3, and 4 coatings, respectively, as well as thermal treatment at 800°C for 1 hour.

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Zhou, G. L., Y. Cao, and H. G. Jin. "Identification of SNPs in ME1 gene and association analysis with meat quality traits in Chinese Red cattle ." Czech Journal of Animal Science 59, No. 7 (July 18, 2014): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7526-cjas.

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The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions of bovine ME1 gene and to evaluate if the polymorphisms are associated with meat quality traits in Chinese Red cattle. Four SNPs were identified: NW_001495544:g.1721768G>A in exon 2, g.1653796T>A in exon 4, g.1649532G>A in exon 5, and g.1546272T>C in exon 12 and they were genotyped by applying the PCR-RFLP method. Statistical analysis showed that two SNPs, g.1649532G>A and g.1546272T>C, were significantly associated with cooking loss and pH24h (P < 0.05). But no statistically significant differences were observed in the g.1721768G>A and g.1653796A>T SNPs for meat quality traits tested in Chinese Red cattle. This suggests that ME1 gene is a candidate that may have effects on meat quality traits in cattle.

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38

Rodriguez, Mark A., Mark H. Van Benthem, David Ingersoll, Sven C. Vogel, and Helmut M. Reiche. "In situ analysis of LiFePO4 batteries: Signal extraction by multivariate analysis." Powder Diffraction 25, no. 2 (June 2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3393786.

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The electrochemical reaction behavior of a commercial Li-ion battery (LiFePO4-based cathode, graphite-based anode) has been measured via in situ neutron diffraction. A multivariate analysis was successfully applied to the neutron diffraction data set facilitating in the determination of Li bearing phases participating in the electrochemical reaction in both the anode and cathode as a function of state-of-charge (SOC). The analysis resulted in quantified phase fraction values for LiFePO4 and FePO4 cathode compounds as well as the identification of staging behavior of Li6, Li12, Li24, and graphite phases in the anode. An additional Li-graphite phase has also been tentatively identified during electrochemical cycling as LiC48 at conditions of ∼5% to 15% SOC.

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Liu, Liang Bin, Lu Zheng, Jian Hua Wang, and Yu Zhong Guo. "Influence of Aging Process on the Crystalline Structure and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ Cathode Material." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.182.

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Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 precursors prepared by co-precipitation method were served to synthesize LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.102 cathode materials by sintering with LiOH·H2O at high temperature. It is shown from XRD analysis and electrochemical measurements that these precursors synthesized at different aging time are all composed of two phases, α-Ni (OH)2 and β-Ni (OH)2.With aging process lasting longer,relatively content of α-Ni (OH)2 in precursors increase , peak intensity ratios of I(003)/I(104) in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.102 get larger, the more complete of layer structure, the lower of Li+/Ni2+cation mixing. Results indicate that the existence and content increase of α-Ni (OH)2 phase with aging process lasting can inhibit the cation mixing efficaciously. LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.102 obtained from precursor aged 12h has a good cyclic performance, capacity retention rate reaches 92.8% after 30 cycles.

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40

Pienaar, L., F. W. C. Neser, J. P. Grobler, M. M. Scholtz, and M. D. MacNeil. "Pedigree analysis of the Afrikaner cattle breed." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 57 (July 20, 2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633615000235.

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SummaryThe reduction of genetic variability in beef cattle has been extensively researched on a global scale. However, the genetic variability and inbreeding of indigenous cattle breeds of Southern Africa, referred to as Sanga cattle, has been less well characterized. Breeds of Sanga cattle include Afrikaner, Drakensberger and Nguni breeds. In recent years, the number of Afrikaner cattle and herds has decreased. Our objective was to determine the mean level of inbreeding (F), effective population size (Ne) and generation intervals of Afrikaner cattle using their recorded pedigree. A total of 244 718 records extending from 1940 until 2011 were analysed. The average inbreeding coefficient was 1.83 percent and the effective population size was 167.54. The average generation interval was calculated as 6.6 ± 3.9 years. Pedigree analysis on the Afrikaner cattle population yielded levels of inbreeding that appear to be both acceptable and manageable. By implication, the largeNeresults in a low rate of change inF. Current results study can be utilized by farmers and the breeders’ society to conserve the Afrikaner and utilize the breed to its full potential in the era of climate change.

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Yoo, Bung Uk, Sung Bin Park, Sang Woon Kwon, Jeong Guck Kim, Han Soo Lee, In Tae Kim, and Jong Hyeon Lee. "Performance Evaluation to Develop an Engineering Scale Cathode Processor by Multiphase Numerical Analysis." Journal of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2014.12.1.7.

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Cheng, J., R. Jiang, X. K. Cao, M. Liu, Y. Z. Huang, X. Y. Lan, H. Cao, C. Z. Lei, and H. Chen. "Association analysis of SSTR2 copy number variation with cattle stature and its expression analysis in Chinese beef cattle." Journal of Agricultural Science 157, no. 04 (May 2019): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859619000674.

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AbstractCopy number variations (CNVs), as an important source of genetic variation, can affect a wide range of phenotypes by diverse mechanisms. The somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) gene plays important roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recently, this gene was mapped to a CNV region, which encompasses quantitative trait loci of cattle economic traits including body weight, marbling score, etc. Therefore, SSTR2 CNV may exhibit phenotypic effects on cattle growth traits. In the current study, distribution of SSTR2 gene CNVs was investigated in six Chinese cattle breeds (XN, QC, NY, JA, LX and PN), and the results showed higher CNV polymorphisms in XN, QC and NY cattle. Next, association analysis between growth traits and SSTR2 CNV was performed for XN, QC and NY cattle. In NY, individuals with fewer copies showed better performance than those with more copies. Further, the effects of SSTR2 CNV on the SSTR2 mRNA level were also investigated, but revealed no significant correlation in either muscle or adipose tissue of adult NY cattle. The results suggested the potential for use of SSTR2 CNV as a marker for the molecular breeding of NY cattle.

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Bhatt, Mahesh Datt, Maenghyo Cho, and Kyeongjae Cho. "Density functional theory calculations for the interaction of Li+ cations and PF6– anions with nonaqueous electrolytes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 12 (December 2011): 1525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v11-131.

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The interaction of lithium (Li+) cation and hexafluorophosphate (PF6–) anion with nonaqueous electrolytes is studied by using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level in the gas phase in terms of the coordination of Li+ and PF6– with these solvents. Ethylene carbonate (EC) coordinates with Li+ and PF6– most strongly and reaches the anode and cathode most easily because of its highest dielectric constant among all the solvent molecules, resulting in its preferential reduction on the anode and oxidation on the cathode. For cyclic carbonates EC and propylene carbonate (PC), the structure Li+(S)4 is found to be the most stable. However, for linear carbonates dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), the formation of PF6–(S)n=1–3 is not favorable. Such analysis may be useful in applications for lithium ion batteries.

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Osek, J., and P. Gallien. "Molecular analysis of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from cattle and pigs by the use of PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis methods." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 6 (March 30, 2012): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5819-vetmed.

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Fourteen Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from cattle and pigs in Poland and in Germany were investigated, using PCR, for the genetic markers associated with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Only two strains, both of cattle origin, were positive for the fliC (H7) gene and could be classified as O157 : H7. Nine isolates had stx shiga toxin genes, either stx1 (1 strain), stx2 (4 isolates) or both (4 strains). The stx2-carrying samples were further subtyped by PCR for the stx2c, stx2d, and stx2e toxin variants. It was shown that all but one stx2-positive bacteria possessed the stx2c Shiga toxin gene type and one stx2 STEC isolate had the stx2d virulence factor sub-type. The eaeA (intimin) gene was found in 9 strains (8 isolates from cattle and one strain from pigs); all of them harboured the genetic marker characteristic of the gamma intimin variant. The translocated intimin receptor (tir) gene was detected in 7 isolates tested and among them only one tir-positive strain was recovered from pigs. The ehly E. coli enterohemolysin gene was amplified in all but one strains obtained from cattle and only in one isolate of porcine origin. The genetic relatedness of the analysed E. coli O157 strains was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of chromosomal DNA digested with XbaI. Two distinct but related RFLP pattern clusters were observed: one with 9 strains (8 isolates of bovine origin and one strain obtained from pigs) and the other one comprises the remaining 5 E. coli isolates (4 of porcine origin and one strain recovered from cattle). The results suggest that pigs, besides cattle, may be a reservoir of E. coli O157 strains potentially pathogenic to humans. Moreover, epidemiologically unrelated isolates of the O157 serogroup, recovered from different animal species, showed a clonal relationship as demonstrated by the RFLP analysis.

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45

Liu, Run Ru, De Jun Wang, and Leng Jing. "Analysis of Degradation and Performance of SOFC Cathode." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.523.

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Electrochemical reaction occurring in the SOFC cathode is the reduction of oxygen, therefore cathode materials for SOFC have to posses many properties. It is necessary to evaluate the performance and degradation of SOFC cathode since improvement of long-term stability is one of the major issues during SOFC commercialization process. The scope of this paper is focused on analyzing the chemical degradation of LSM cathode induced from many sources by GCI technique both from theoretical and experimental sides. This research is important toward the commercialization of SOFC because it could offer valuable information to overview chemical degradations from the SOFC cathode and develop strategy to realize high-durable SOFC.

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46

Margeta, Polona, and Vladimir Margeta. "Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Sequence Analysis of Busha Cattle." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 5 (2019): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967051159.

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Maintaining the genetic diversity of autochthonous breeds is very important and should be included in animal breeding strategies and conservation plans with the aim to preserve animals, adapted to variety of husbandry systems and different environmental conditions. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation studies were particularly useful in establishing relationship and variability between and within domestic species populations. The mtDNA D-loop sequencing was used to determine the genetic status of 41 Busha cattle from different parts of Croatia along with 21 Busha mtDNA sequences from Genbank, and assessing Busha cattle phylogenetic relationship to the other Croatian autochthonous cattle breeds, as well as to the commercial cattle breeds and main described mtDNA haplotypes. The analysis of Busha cattle mtDNA D-loop sequences revealed presence of 26 different haplotypes, which confirms a high genetic variability of the preserved maternal components. Comparison with major cattle haplogroups sequences revealed that majority of Busha cattle were in the T3 haplogroup (44%), while other haplotypes were present in lesser extent (8% T1, 7% T2, 13% T4 and 5% T6). Haplotype H2 (23% of all Busha cattle sequences) didn’t cluster with any of the T haplogroups. Employment of more powerful genetic markers should reveal the correct status of the new haplotype H2 and better understanding of genetic variation and relationships among Busha cattle and entire brachicerous cattle population.

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Al-Smail, Jamal H., and Arian Novruzi. "Shape optimization of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode air channels." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 389, no. 1 (May 2012): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.11.047.

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48

SESHIMO, Hiroyuki. "Economic Analysis of Building Certifi cation." Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 27, no. 4 (2014): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.27.4_69.

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Kawase, M., K. Yamaguchi, M. Kageyama, K. Sato, and G. Inoue. "Dimensionless Model Analysis of PEFC Cathode." ECS Transactions 75, no. 14 (September 23, 2016): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07514.0147ecst.

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50

Di Sabatino, Marcello, Anna Maria Di Pietra, Luigi Benfenati, and Bruno Di Simone. "Determination of 10 Sulfonamide Residues in Meat Samples by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.2.598.

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Abstract A liquid chromatography (LC) method is described for the simultaneous determination of 10 commonly used sulfonamide drug residues in meat. The 10 sulfonamide drugs of interest were sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, sulfadimidine, sulfamethizole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline. The residues were extracted with acetonechloroform (1 + 1). Sulfonamides were quantitatively retained in the extracting solution and afterwards eluted from a cation-exchanger solid-phase extraction cartridge with a solution of methanolaqueous ammonia. The solution was dried, reconstituted with 5 mL methanol and filtered before analysis by LC-ultraviolet using a C18 column with a mobile phase gradient of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, and methanolacetonitrile (30 + 70, v/v). The method was applied to cattle, swine, chicken, and sheep muscle tissues. The validation was performed with a fortified cattle meat sample at level of 100 ppb, which is the administrative maximum residue limit for sulfonamides in the European Union. The limit of quantitation for all sulfonamides was between 3 and 14 ppb. Recovery was evaluated for different meat matrixes. The mean recovery values were between 66.3% for pork meat samples and 71.5% for cattle meat samples.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CATWOE Analysis'

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