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Journal articles on the topic 'Caucasian Jews'
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1
Bram, Chen. "Namus’ in the Soviet Caucasus: Growing up and ‘Traditional Modernity’ among Kavkazi (Mountain) Jews." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 2 (4) (2020): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.2.11.
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This article discusses adolescences and educational processes among the Caucasian (‘Mountain’) Jews during the late Soviet period. Based on a combined anthropo- logical and social- history research I describe and analyze how the world of Caucasian Jews’ children and youth were shaped in relation to several content worlds: the traditional worlds of Caucasian Jews (Juhuro); the Soviet-communist world which was also the main mediator of modernization; and the immediate social and cultural surrounding, shared by several local groups, mostly Muslims. The traditional socialization patterns of Caucasian Jews stresses the importance of the extended family, stressed hierarchy and seniority related to age. Juhuro (Caucasian Jews) socialization highlighted codes of honor and respect connected to the term ‘Namus’ – a behavioral code regarding the right way to behave, inner consciousness, and several prohibitions – especially in gender relations. At the same time, the Soviet state educational system, both formal and informal, stressed modern values and highlighted Soviet communist ideology. Soviet educational system introduced a de-facto new status of adolescence- while traditionally there was much less moratorium period between childhood and adulthood among Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews (and other Caucasian groups). While these content-worlds and educational approaches seems to be in tension or even contradictions, I will argue that in practice there were mechanisms that allowed a great dill of complementary between them. Soviet modernization and socialization were transmitted– andmediated– by educational agents who were themselves members of the traditional groups of Caucasus. The outcome were several version of what I call ‘traditional modernity’, with various manifestations in the different communities of Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews, which got different shapes in relations to location (towns/ villages etc) and the characteristics of the local surroundings. The understanding of these patterns is important not only for historical studies, but also for educators who cope with current educational challenges in the different diasporas of Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews nowadays.
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Penkowska, Kamelia. "AGGLOMERATIONS OF CAUCASIAN JEWS AND GEORGIAN JEWS IN AZERBAIJAN. LIFE OF JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN A MUSLIM STATE." Pro Georgia, no. 32/2022 (January 1, 2022): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/penkowska.
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Caucasian Jews and Georgian Jews are among the many ethnic groups that now inhabit Azerbaijan. The largest clusters of these communities are in such cities as Baku, Quba (a suburb of Krasnaya Sloboda) and Oghuz (formerly Vartashen). The uniqueness of the Jewish community in the Caucasus lies primarily in the specificity of their culture, traditions and customs, which were influenced by close contacts with individual Caucasian peoples for many years. This article is an attempt to show the agglomeration of Caucasian Jews and Georgian Jews in Azerbaijan. On the other hand, it is also worth noting the process of their assimilation in a Muslim country and the attitude of the authorities in Azerbaijan to the Jewish community.
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SORENE, E. D., E. RUBINRAUT-OPHIR, and D. R. GOODWIN. "Dupuytren’s Disease in Oriental Jews." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 32, no. 5 (October 2007): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhse.2007.04.014.
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Twelve month minimum follow-up was available for 19 Oriental Jewish patients who underwent surgery for Dupuytren’s disease over a 10-year period. In this population, the disease is uncommon. The initial deformity, operative findings and results of surgery were similar to those described for North European Caucasian patients. Possible factors that may result in a low genetic predisposition to Dupuytren’s disease amongst Jews are discussed.
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Semyonov, Igor. "On the Analysis of the Anthroponyms of the Mountain Jews of Dagestan." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 2 (4) (2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.2.08.
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The traditional names of the Mountain Jews is not much different from the names of other Jewish groups. Differences are observed only in the relatively small number of names borrowed from neighboring Caucasian peoples, characteristic of the anthroponyms of Mountain Jews. Another difference is the presence in it of a number of names that have a clear Mountain-Jewish etymology. These include a fairly large group of female names with floral semantics. Mountain Jews also have several names in the form of spells and wishes aimed at preserving and multiplying male offspring.
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Nesher, S. "Parallels of the Hebrew Root כפר k-p-r (k-f-r) ‘Covering’ in the Lexicon of Semitic and Caucasian Languages." Язык и текст 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2024110205.
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<p>In the 8<sup>th</sup> century BC the Israelites were expelled from northern Israel by the Assyrians, according to historians, some to Media (Armenia). Later, in the 6<sup>th</sup> century BC, the southern tribe of Israel, Judah (“Jews”) was expelled by the Babylonians, later many of them migrated to the regions of the Caucasus. There are numerous references to the stay of Jews in the Caucasus in scientific and popular science literature, which makes us expect that evidence of these connections could and should have been preserved in the Caucasian languages. However, the problem of searching for Hebraisms and lexical evidence of the influence of one language on another is complicated by the fact that from the 7<sup>th</sup> century, Arabic penetrated into the Caucasian languages along with religion, and since Arabic and Hebrew are related languages, it becomes more difficult to establish from which language (Hebrew or Arabic) the term penetrates into Caucasian languages. This study is devoted to the analysis of Arabic and Hebrew uses in the Caucasian languages. The comparative-historical and etymological research methods used in the work will help, in our opinion, to determine the source of some lexical units in the Dagestan languages that are part of the Iberian-Caucasian family of languages.</p>
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Murzakhanov, Yuriy I. "ON THE QUESTION OF ETHNO-LINGUISTIC CONTACTS OF MOUNTAIN JEWS WITH THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (BASED ON ANTHROPONYMIC MATERIALS)." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch171250-260.
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The purpose of our research is to study the specifics of ethnolanguage contacts between mountain Jews and the peoples of the North Caucasus, which allows us to trace the ethnocultural Parallels that existed in the past between them. As you know, language is an important historical source, and since language communication involves interaction between members of an ethnic group, ethnographic group, or subethnos, it can be stated that each language is characterized by the totality of all forms of its existence: a spoken language with its division into territorial dialects, a literary language in oral and written varieties, a special cult language, etc. Accordingly, studies on the language contacts of mountain Jews with the peoples of the North Caucasus (of course, structurally diverse and genetically unrelated peoples) are of great value from the point of view of not only linguistics, but also history and Ethnography. The study of the anthroponic Fund of the North Caucasian mountain Jews is also of great interest in this regard. Anthroponymy, due to its special functional nature, is subject to rapid changes, and its composition is heterogeneous. The mountain Jews of the North Caucasus attached special importance to the naming ceremony. In the second half of the XIX – early XX century, the anthroponymicon of mountain Jews was dominated by Jewish names, but in addition to them, there was also a significant layer of names of Persian and Turkic origin, as well as names that arose on the mountain-Jewish soil proper. During the Soviet period, borrowed names (of Latin, Greek, and Slavic origin) became the predominant foreign-language names among the mountain Jews of the North Caucasus, which is typical for almost all the Caucasian peoples of the Caucasus.
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Ekaterina S., Norkina. "Features of communication of mountain Jews of the Caucasus with the regional and central authori-ties of the Russian empire in the late XIX – early XX centuries." Kavkazologiya 2023, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2023-3-108-122.
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The article aims to examine the process of establishing a dialogue between the Caucasian Mountain Jews and the representatives of the Russian imperial authorities during the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Within this study, the Mountain Jews actively participate and even take initiative in fos-tering this dialogue. The primary sources utilized include petitions from the Mountain Jews, com-munity reports, and official correspondence among officials. The author reveals that throughout the dialogue spanning from the latter half of the 19th century to the revolution of 1917, the Mountain Jews consistently find themselves in the position of explaining their identity and potential place among the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus within the legal framework of the Russian Empire. The perseverance and repeated appeals of the Mountain Jews to various authorities not only shed light on their quest for a revision of their legal status, but also enable them to assert themselves on an imperial scale
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Ezri, Tiberiu, Daniel Sessler, Marian Weisenberg, Gleb Muzikant, Michael Protianov, Edward Mascha, and Shmuel Evron. "Association of Ethnicity with the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane." Anesthesiology 107, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000267534.31668.62.
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Abstract Background: Selective breeding produces animal strains with varying anesthetic sensitivity. It thus seems unlikely that various human ethnicities have identical anesthetic requirements. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane differs significantly as a function of ethnicity. Methods: The authors recruited 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II adult patients belonging to three Jewish ethnic groups: European, Oriental, and Caucasian (from the Caucasus Mountain region). All were scheduled to undergo surgery requiring a skin incision exceeding 3 cm. Without premedication, anesthesia was induced with 6–8% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen, and tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine. The skin incision was made after a predetermined end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane of 2.0% was maintained for at least 10 min in the first patient in each group. Blinded investigators observed the patient for movement during the subsequent minute. The concentration in the next patient was increased by 0.2% when patients moved, or decreased by the same amount when they did not. Results are presented as means [95% confidence intervals]. Results: Morphometric and demographic characteristics were similar among the groups; however, mean arterial pressure was slightly greater in European Jews. Minimum alveolar concentration for sevoflurane was greatest in Caucasian Jews (2.32% [2.27–2.41%]), less in Oriental Jews (2.14% [2.06–2.22%]), and still less in European Jews (1.9% [1.82–1.99%]) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that minimum alveolar concentration varies as a function of ethnicity. However, the extent to which confounding characteristics contribute, including lifestyle choices and environmental factors, remains unknown.
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Vikhnovich, Vsevolod. "Jews of the land of Kedar." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 18, no. 1-2 (September 1, 1997): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69544.
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At present, it is safe to say that alongside the Slavic, Finnish, Scandinavian, Turkic, Baltic, Iranian, Caucasian elements the Jewish element has also played its role in the early period of the ethnocultural history of the vast region to the north of the Black and the Caspian seas. According to the medieval Jewish sources, the members of Judaic communities belonged to various social and even racial groups. This fact sheds light on the Jews whom the Jewish traveler Petahyah of Regensburg met in the Land of Kedar in the 12th century. Petahyah traveled from Regensburg to the Middle East via Prague, Kiev, Crimea and Caucasus. What were the origins of these Jews?
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Kedmi, Meirav, Sara B. Cohen, and Deborah Rund. "Polymorphisms in Drug Metabolism/Disposition Genes and Increased Susceptibility to Adult De Novo AML: MDR1 and CYP3A4." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2078.2078.
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Abstract Primary AML may be induced by environmental toxins in the same way as chemotherapy-induced genotoxic damage leads to therapy-related AML (t-AML). The genotypes of MDR1 and CYP3A4 genes may be important in predisposing to both primary and t-AML. Hoffmeyer et al (PNAS, 2000) found that a silent single nucleotide polymorphism, C3435T was associated with higher plasma concentrations of digoxin after oral dosing. The T allele increases effective exposure to toxins, and may predispose to renal tumors. We previously reported (ASH 2002) an association of t-AML with C3435T in a small sample (17 pts). The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4 metabolize drugs and toxins, and can activate procarcinogens. Some studies found that an A to G substitution in the CYP3A4 promoter (CYP3A4*1B) “protects” against t-AML, while the wild type allele was associated with t-AML (including our study, ASH 2002). Aims: To determine if either the MDR1 or CYP3A4 polymorphism affects predisposition to develop primary AML, and to determine ethnic differences in the frequency of the polymorphisms. Methods: The MDR1 C3435T polymorphism was analyzed using PCR and Sau3A1 digestion. CYP3A*1B was studied using PCR and hybridization to a wild type or mutant 19-mer oligonucleotide probe. We studied primary and t-AML patients (68 Jewish and 43 Arab for C3435T, and 81 Jewish and 37 Arab for CYP3A1*1B), and control DNA samples of the same ethnic origin (58 Caucasian Jewish and 44 Arab and 88 Ethiopian Jews). Results: The TT genotype at position 3435 of MDR1 was found more frequently in AML patients (both primary and t-AML) than in controls (p value: 0.0302). There was an additive effect of the T allele, with fewest AML patients having the CC genotype, more with CT and the most with the TT genotype (P value: 0.0015). The relative risk of primary AML is 0.5975 (C.I- (0.3135, 1.1389) for patients with the CC genotype versus those with CT/TT. The relative risk of t-leuk is 0.1180 (C.I- (0.0073 1.8952) for patients with the CC genotype versus those with CT/TT. Of 23 t-AML patients analyzed, none had the CC genotype. Because the allele may affect response to therapy, we analyzed survival. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found no statistically significant difference in the survival of AML patients of different MDR1 C3435T genotypes. Among controls, there was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of the different genotypes among Arabs, Caucasian Jews and Ethiopian Jews. Arab individuals had a lower frequency of the CC genotype and more frequent TT, Ethiopian Jews had a high frequency of the CC genotype (p value: 0.0072). Among AML patients of different ethnicity, there was no difference in genotype. The CYP3A*1B polymorphism was found in approximately 15% of the Israeli population (Caucasian Jews and Arabs alike). In comparison, 52% of Ethiopian Jews carried CYP3A*1B. 9/118 primary AML patients (7%) carried CYP3A*1B and only 1 (2.4%) of 41 t-AML patients was found to carry CYP3A4*1B (p value < 0.05). Conclusions: The MDR1 C3435T polymorphism is associated with a higher risk of developing primary as well as t-AML. Arabs may be at higher risk for AML due to a high frequency of the T allele. In addition, the CYP3A4*1B polymorphism might be protective against primary AML, and we confirm previous reports that it may protect against t-AML in adults. Lastly, Ethiopian Jews have a high frequency of the C allele of the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism, and high frequency of CYP3A4*1B, which may underlie the relatively low incidence of AML in this ethnic group in Israel.
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Malik, Elad, Sara B. Cohen, and Deborah Rund. "The NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase (NQO1) C609T Polymorphism Is Found at Variable Frequency in Different Ethnic Groups but Does Not Predispose to De Novo AML in Israel." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4381.4381.
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Abstract Background: The NQO1 gene is located on chromosome 16q22.1. This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme which is expressed in many tissues including the hematopoietic system. NQO1 has an important role in detoxifying quinones, which are widespread compounds that are present thoughout the body (vitamin K), the diet (proteins, fruits and vegetables) and the environment (solvents, cosmetics, cigarette smoke). A single nucleotide polymorphism (C to T) at position 609 (NQO1*2) produces a proline to serine substitution at codon 187 and results in very reduced enzyme activity (null allele). Wild type genotype individuals have normal NQO1 activity, heterozygotes have reduced activity and homozygotes for the mutation have nearly absent activity. The polymorphism is present at varying frequencies in different ethnic groups throughout the world. Several reports have shown an association of this polymorphism and susceptibility to nonhematological malignancies such as lung cancer in smokers. Other reports have found that it is associated with de novo adult AML, therapy-related AML, infant leukemia with MLL rearrangements and benzene-induced hematotoxicity/leukemia. Aims: To determine the frequency of the NQO1*2 allele in Israeli ethnic groups and to determine if the allele predisposes to de novo adult AML in Israeli patients. Methods: We used PCR to analyze for the presence of the NQO1*2 allele, utilizing the methodology of MT Smith (Blood 2001) with nested PCR and digestion with Hinf1. We studied adult AML patients of different ethnic origins (156 Jews and 106 Arabs) and normal controls of three major ethnic groups in Israel (270 Caucasian Jews, 250 Arabs and 168 Ethiopian Jews). Too few Ethiopian adult AML patients were identified to be included in the analysis. Results: In the control Arab group, the distribution of the alleles was: homozygous normal (CC) 54%, heterozygotes (CT) 38.5%, and homozygous mutant (TT) 7.5%, which was virtually identical to the distribution in Arab AML patients (CC 52.8%, CT 41.5% and TT 5.7%). Similarly, the distribution in Caucasian Jewish controls was: CC 60.8%, CT 37.2%, and TT 2%, virtually identical to CC 61.1%, CT 35% and TT 3.9% in Caucasian AML patients. Ethiopian controls had a very different allelic distribution: CC 72.6%, CT 26.2% and TT 1.1 %. While the differences among the various ethnic groups was highly statistically significant, there were no statistically significant differences in allelic frequencies of patients as compared to ethnic matched controls. Conclusions: In Israel there are significant differences in allelic distribution of NQO1 among various ethnic groups. However, the null allele was not present at a higher frequency in patients, suggesting that the null allele did not predispose to the development of de novo adult AML in Israel. The reason for the discrepancy between our data and other published studies may relate to underlying genetic differences in our population, for example, in CYP2E1, which participates in the same metabolic pathways as NQO1. Alternatively, it is possible that NQO1 protects against de novo AML only under specific environmental conditions, which may not exist in Israel. Our findings emphasize the importance of cross-cultural validation of pharmacogenetic studies, in order to assure the reliability of the findings.
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Sternfeld, Lior. "Jewish-Iranian Identities in the Pahlavi Era." International Journal of Middle East Studies 46, no. 3 (July 18, 2014): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381400066x.
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A few years ago, while conducting archival research on Pahlavi-era Iranian newspapers, I came across a photo from the anti-shah demonstrations that took place in late 1978 and early 1979. It showed a large group of Armenians protesting against the shah. In these years many Iranians and Westerners considered the shah's policies beneficial for religious minorities in Iran. Around the same time, I found a sentence that made this discovery more intriguing. In his seminal workIran between Two Revolutions, Ervand Abrahamian mentions that throughout the Muhammad Riza Pahlavi era, the opposition to the communist Tudeh party accused it of being controlled by “Armenians, Jews, and Caucasian émigrés.” I tried to find references in the current scholarship to Jews participating in the party, which could have earned them their part in this propaganda campaign, but found very little. Having read the important works of Joel Beinin, Orit Bashkin, and Rami Ginat on Jewish revolutionaries, including communists, in the Middle East, I wondered where the Jewish radicals in Iran were. Several factors may contribute to this silence in the historiography: the writing of Iranian history from a Zionist vantage point, a lack of interest in the history of the Iranian left in the postrevolutionary historiography, and an inability to conceptualize the transregional and global nature of the Iranian Jewish community.
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Burkholder, Zoë. "From “Wops and Dagoes and Hunkies” to “Caucasian”: Changing Racial Discourse in American Classrooms during World War II." History of Education Quarterly 50, no. 3 (August 2010): 324–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2010.00274.x.
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Margaret Gillum was distressed. Her sophomore English students in Terre Haute, IN were making “sneering remarks” about “dirty foreigners,” even though she implored them to use language that reflected the principles of “brotherhood” and “true neighborliness.” Pressed into action by the catastrophic world war unfolding around her, Gillum decided to teach her students to be more tolerant of human diversity. Describing her successful lesson to colleagues in a popular teaching journal in 1941, Gillum explained, “There are in my city a number of racial groups gathered into neighborhoods, as one finds them everywhere: Syrians, Italians, French, and a large number of Germans and Jews, as well as three distinct communities of Negroes drifted up from the South.” Hoping to foster empathy for the “racial groups” in her community, Gillum initiated her lesson by asking students to list familiar racial epithets. Her students responded enthusiastically and as Gillum called out the names of different “races” her students shouted back their answers:And what do we call Italians—Dagoes!And the Germans?—Dutchmen!The Irish?—Oh, Pat or Mike!
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Ehrlich, Gal, Dalia Ginzberg, Yael Loewenstein, David Glick, Batsheva Kerem, Shlomi Ben-Ari, Haim Zakut, and Hermona Soreq. "Population Diversity and Distinct Haplotype Frequencies Associated with ACHE and BCHE Genes of Israeli Jews from Trans-caucasian Georgia and from Europe." Genomics 22, no. 2 (July 1994): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1994.1386.
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Kasatochkin, Denis R. "Jewish national units among the troops of Ataman G.M. Semyonov in the Transbaikal, 1919-1920." RUDN Journal of Russian History 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-4-531-542.
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This article is based on a wide range of sources, including documents of the Russian State Military Archive. It tells about a little-known national white counterrevolution formation created by Ataman G.M. Semyonov in early 1919 and recruited from the Jewish population of Transbaikalia. The uniqueness of this separate Jewish company lies in the fact that it was the only regular armed formation consisting of Jews and participating in combat action on the side of the White movement. In this way, at the very beginning of 1919, a detachment that included a Jewish company fought against the Red partisans and internationalists in the Yakut taiga on the Magyar rift. In addition, the Jewish divisions carried out garrison service in different settlements of the Semyonovskii kingdom. During the summer of 1919, underground Bolshevik cells began to form, which in the spring of 1920 led to a revolt in the white Jewish units. An insurrection in the village of Aleksandrovka was suppressed by Semyononvs forces. On 23 April 1920 a separate Jewish company in full strength successfully went over to the side of the Reds in the village of Nerchensky Zavod. In response, the Red command decided to create the 4th Rifle Partisan Regiment from among the Jewish partisans who had gone over to the Bolshevik side. Thereafter, this regiment was transformed into the 15th Infantry Regiment of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic. In the fall of 1920, it took part in heavy battles for Borzya and Dauria. All this is disclosed in more detail in this article. The Jewish national divisions were only one of the ethno-confessional units of the troops of ataman G.M. Semenov, next to Chinese, Serbian, Buryat, Mongolian, Caucasian and Tatar formations. Their activities in 1919 were mostly garrison work in nature, but they also had to fight against the partisans in extremely difficult conditions. The transition of these ethnic groups to the Reds was not surprising, at a time when the White movement in Transbaikalia was already in agony. The article also pays attention to the position of Jews in Transbaikalia during the Civil War and the attitude of Ataman G.M. Semenov to the Jewish matter.
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Beginina, I. A., S. G. Ivchenkov, M. S. Ivchenkova, and N. V. Shakhmatova. "The level of ethnic-confessional tolerance in the Saratov Region." RUDN Journal of Sociology 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 722–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-4-722-736.
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Ethnic-confessional relationships in multiethnic regions are dynamic and influenced by globalization and the growth of horizontal mobility, and also by everyday practices. All these factors structure the public opinion in a certain way and determine the degree of tolerance of the regions and Russia as a whole. The article aims at assessing the level of ethnic-confessional tolerance in the multiethnic Saratov Region. The article presents the results of the sociological survey conducted in March 2018 in the city of Saratov and eleven districts of the Saratov Region. According to the survey’s results, the degree of acceptance of a person of a different nationality is inversely proportional to the size of social distance. The level of the religious tolerance is also high, but does not correlate with the size of social distance. According to the data, the vast majority of respondents did not encounter violations of national or religious rights, and among those who actually experienced national discrimination (personally or in close social circle) it was expressed in the form of ignoring, insulting, difficulties when looking for employment, threats and physical abuse. In general, the low prevalence of direct forms of negative ethnic-religious attitudes proves the high level of tolerance in the Saratov Region. Interethnic relations of the Saratovites with representatives of the Caucasian peoples are more prone to conflicts than with representatives of peoples traditionally settled in the region (Ukrainians, Tatars, Kazakhs, Jews, Bashkirs, Volga Germans). Despite the prevailing positive assessments of the national policy, it still needs to take into account the features of the Saratov Region.
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Kluge, Pascal. "Turkish Views on Christians: Implications for Armenian-Turkish Relations." Iran and the Caucasus 12, no. 2 (2008): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338408x406119.
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AbstractSamuel Huntington argues in The Clash of Civilizations that a principal cultural fault line is to be found between the Muslim world and the Western non-Muslim world. In this context it is not surprising that the Christian West often assumes Muslims to be suspicious or even hostile towards Christians. Periodic cases of anti-Christian public statements and actions support this impression and are indicative of profound inter-religious tensions. This notion also influences the relations between peoples and nations. In the South-Caucasian case, the Armenian-Turkish relations are affected most by this phenomenon. When conflicts arise, religion plays a role in the perception of the Other. What is needed, therefore, is more inter-religious understanding on all societal levels. Although politics play a key role in establishing friendly ties between nations, it is the grassroots of the population upon which fruitful relations stand and which secure a more consistent quality to the results of political efforts. When considering Turkish views on Christians, field research indicates that the average Turk harbours an overall benevolent view of Christians and, therefore, that there exists considerable potential for successful inter-religious dialogue. Christians are generally regarded with respect, and most Turkish participants showed little to no negative attitudes towards them. The Christians of Turkey, notably Armenians and Greeks, were, furthermore, perceived as part of Turkey's society. The reason for these predominantly positive attitudes may be sought in the institutional incorporation of Christians and Jews into the broader context of Islamic society or, more inherent to Turkish history, in the positive remembrance of the multi-religious and multi-ethnic face of the Ottoman Empire—and thus in the appreciation of religious diversity as an asset and historical obligation.
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Исаев, Р. З. "Cultural organizations of the mountain Jews of the USA and their activities (based on the materials of the diaspora newspaper “New Frontier”)." Historical bulletin 7, no. 3 (May 6, 2024): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2658-5685-2024-7-3-59-67.
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статья изучает процесс культурной институционализации диаспоры горских евреев США на примере общины Нью-Йорка. Важное место в статье занимает как образование этих организаций, институций, так и деятельность этих организаций по популяризации горско-еврейской, и в общем кавказской, культуры. Сюда входят разного рода мероприятия, праздники, фестивали, «Дни общины», которые активно поддерживаются и финансируются местными властями, в данном случае администрацией г. Нью-Йорк. Основным источником информации для статьи послужила периодическая печать диаспоры, а именно – русскоязычная газета «Новый рубеж», выпускаемая в Нью-Йорке. Эта газета служит своего рода «летописью» диаспоры горских евреев, где дается вся информация не только о культурной деятельности общины, но освещаются вообще все направления деятельности. Диаспора горских евреев США была создана и начала организовываться на основе двух больших волн эмиграции: первая волна эмиграции в 1970-е гг., вторая волна – 1990-2000-е гг. Община была создана из выходцев с территории Советского Союза, а после дезинтеграции СССР – в основном с территории Российской Федерации, в частности из Республики Дагестан, и Азербайджанской республики. Часто культурная институционализации диаспор горских евреев по всему миру бывает тесно связана с религиозной. Община всегда ставит своей первостепенной и важнейшей задачей открытие синагоги, и именно с нее начинается и культурная деятельность. За неимением финансовых и материальных возможностей, именно синагога изначально играет роль культурного центра. Впоследствии, при ней открывается первый культурный центр, и только с течением времени, путем дальнейшей консолидации людских и материальных ресурсов диаспоры, открываются и другие институты, и учреждения. Ключевые слова: дезинтеграция, диаспора, горские евреи, эмиграция, синагога the article studies the process of cultural institutionalization of the US Mountain Jews diaspora on the example of the New York Community. An important place in the article is occupied by the activities of these organizations to popularize the Mountain-Jewish, and in general Caucasian, culture. This includes various events, holidays, festivals, "Community Days", which are actively supported and funded by local authorities, in this case, the administration of New York City. The Diaspora of Mountain Jews in the United States was created and began to organize on the basis of two large waves of emigration: the first wave of emigration in the 1970s, the second wave in the 1990s-2000s. The community was created from immigrants from the territory of the Soviet Union, and after the disintegration of the USSR - mainly from the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular from the Republic of Dagestan, and the Republic of Azerbaijan. Often the cultural institutionalization of Mountain Jewish diasporas around the world is closely connected with the religious one. The community always sets as its paramount and most important task the opening of a synagogue, and it is from this that cultural activities begin. In the absence of financial and material resources, it was the synagogue that initially played the role of a cultural center. Subsequently, the first cultural center opens under it, and only with the passage of time, through further consolidation of the human and material resources of the diaspora, other institutions and institutions open.
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Zhou, Tian-Biao, Yuan-Han Qin, Li-Na Su, Feng-Ying Lei, Wei-Fang Huang, Yan-Jun Zhao, Yu-Sheng Pang, and Kun-Peng Yang. "The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene variant and risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 12, no. 4 (June 7, 2011): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470320311410584.
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Background and objective: The association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism with the risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is still controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and FSGS susceptibility. Method: We performed a predefined literature search and selection of eligible relevant studies to collect data from electronic databases. Results: In total, 12 articles were identified for the analysis of the association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and FSGS risk. One report included an investigation in Arab and Jewish populations separately. Thus, there were seven reports in Asians, two in Caucasians, one in Africans, two in Arabs and one in Jews. In Asians, there was a markedly positive association between the D allele or DD genotype and FSGS susceptibility ( p = 0.008; p = 0.002), and the II genotype may play a protective role against FSGS onset ( p = 0.002). However, a link between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and FSGS risk was not found in Caucasians, Africans, Arabs or Jews (Caucasians: D: p = 0.11, DD: p = 0.19, II: p = 0.70; Africans: D: p = 0.40, DD: p = 0.49, II: p = 0.61; Arabs: D: p = 0.34, DD: p = 0.10, II: p = 0.42; Jews: D: p = 0.90, DD: p = 0.97, II: p = 0.83). Conclusion: The D allele or DD homozygosity may become a significant genetic molecular marker for the onset of FSGS in Asians, but not for Caucasians, Africans, Arabs or Jews.
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Mitchell, Michael J., Roger Mountfield, Rachel Butler, Anwar Alhaq, Letian Dai, Geoffrey F. Savidge, and Paula Bolto-Maggs. "Spectrum of Factor XI Mutations in a Large Cohort - 116 Index Cases, 141 Mutations." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1027.1027.
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Abstract Factor XI deficiency (MIM 264900) is an autosomal bleeding disorder of variable clinical severity. In contrast to haemophilia A or B the clinical symptoms do not correlate well with plasma levels of factor XI; it is therefore difficult to predict the bleeding tendency from either the factor level or the molecular defect. FXI deficiency is particularly common in the Ashkenazi Jews with a heterozygous frequency of ~9%, associated with two common founder mutations - E117X (Type II) and F283L (Type III). Recent studies have shown that mutations causing Factor XI deficiency are heterogeneous outside the Ashkenazi Jewish population. We have studied 116 index cases from an ethnically diverse U.K. population in order to better understand the spectrum of mutations responsible for factor XI deficiency. Of the index cases, 25 were of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, 2 were of Afro-Caribbean origin, 9 Asian, 3 Arabic, 1 New Zealand Maori and 73 white Caucasian; ancestry was unknown in three patients. We have identified a total of 141 causative mutations in 107 patients. Of the nine patients in whom a mutation remained unidentified, six were reproducibly factor XI deficient with no evidence of inhibitors, but in three the diagnosis was inconclusive. The 141 mutations included 54 different sequence variants and 5 whole gene deletions of which there are at least two forms. Of the variants, forty-one are missense mutations, eight nonsense mutations, four splice site mutations and one small deletion. Twenty-seven of these varients are novel and reported here for the first time. Three common mutations were identified, with similar frequencies. The Type II mutation (E117X) accounted for 14.9% of the total mutations, the Type III mutation (F283L) 12.1% and the C128X “UK mutation” 11.3%. Together these three mutations account for more than a third (38.3%) of the total. Outside of these three ‘common’ mutations, no other mutation was identified in more than 3 individuals. Despite the heterogeneous nature of factor XI mutations, with mutations being identified in all 15 exons of the factor XI gene, almost two thirds (65%) of the mutations could be covered in just 3 amplicons - exons 5, 15 and 8/9/10. All patients with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry had Type II and/or Type III mutations. Three Jewish patients were compound heterozygous for the Type II mutation and another ‘non-Jewish’ mutation. One Arabic patient was homozygous for the Type II mutation. The C128X mutation was only identified in patients with a clear British ancestry. However, not all repeat mutations were restricted to a single ethnic group. Four mutations were identified in more than one ethnic group, three of which were located at CpG sites. This study confirms the ethnic and molecular heterogeneity of factor XI deficiency despite its historical association with the Ashkenazi Jewish population and the Type II & Type III mutations. Our study also reinforces the difficulty of predicting clinical phenotype from molecular defect in factor XI deficiency.
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Hannah-Shmouni, Fady, Rachel Morissette, Ninet Sinaii, Meredith Elman, Toni R. Prezant, Wuyan Chen, Ann Pulver, and Deborah P. Merke. "Revisiting the prevalence of nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in US Ashkenazi Jews and Caucasians." Genetics in Medicine 19, no. 11 (May 25, 2017): 1276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gim.2017.46.
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Stencel, Katarzyna, Karina Stelmaszak, Monika Wojtasik, Aleksandra Ogiegło-Kowalczyk, Julia Samborska, Paweł Więckowiak, Michał Głodzik, Marek Miśkiewicz, Martyna Łęcka, and Katarzyna Żak. "Rhinophyma - the end-stage of rosacea." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 54 (January 19, 2024): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.54.005.
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Rhinophyma is defined as a progressive, deforming, nodular enlargement of the sebaceous glands caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous follicles. It is assumed to be the final phase of chronic rosacea occurring mainly in Caucasian men. This disease negatively affects the quality of life of patients due to decreased self-esteem and depressive disorders. Nasal deformation by narrowing the nostrils impairs the physical performance of patients and even leads to the development of sleep apnea. Treatment is mainly based on surgery to remove pathological tissue. The literature also provides the possibility of therapy using ablative techniques and laser therapy.
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Offidani, Massimo, Carmela Zizzo, Sonia More', Irene Federici, Alessandra Bossi, Valentina Maria Manieri, Maria Teresa Petrucci, et al. "Updated Analysis of a Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study on the Prevalence of Type 1 Gaucher Disease in Patients with Multiple Myeloma." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 4713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-189193.
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Introduction. Type I Gaucher disease (GD1) has been associated with increased cancer risk in the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Registry. Particularly, it is well recognized that the risk for multiple myeloma (MM) in affected individuals may be about 9 times higher than expected in the general US populations (Rosenbloom et al, 2022). Pathogenetic relationship between GD1 and MM is still unclear. It was hypothesized that accumulation of glucosylceramide in the macrophages leads to their activation and chronic immune stimulation favouring polyclonal gammopathies. In this scenario plasma cell clone selection could be promoted and subsequent MGUS/MM could derive from it. Diagnosis of GD1 is often inaccurate or delayed since symptoms and signs of disease are nonspecific or underhand. We designed a prospective study to investigate the prevalence of GD1 in a large MM patient population to provide substantial evidences to consider GD1 in the pathogenesis and management of MM. Patients and Methods. This is an observational, prospective, cross-sectional, multicentre study. Twenty-five Italian hematologic centers participated in this study. Due to the lack of data on the effective prevalence of GD1 in MM, the sample size has been determined considering clinically relevant a prevalence of the condition > 0.5% for defining as “high risk” the selected population. Considering an alpha error of 5% and a statistical power of 95%, approximately 1000 patients should beenrolled.. All MM patients are screened by Dried Blood Spots (DBS) sampling technique, that was centralized at the Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica CNR-Palermo. All patients with a positive DBS test undergo genetic test to confirm the diagnosis of GD1. Primary end-point of the study is the prevalence of DBS test positivity in MM patients, which measures glucocerebrosidase activity in peripheral blood leukocytes (normal range 0.2-2.5 nMol/h/m). If the observed prevalence had been significantly higher than predicted, we would have tried to identify the population at higher potential risk of associated GD1. Results. We enrolled 902 patients with a median age of 68 years (range 37-90), 60% of which were male. No patients were Jews, 2 were Asian and 10 were Black, all others were Caucasian. Newly diagnosed and relapsed-refractory MM were 65% and 35%, respectively, whereas SMM and MM were 15% and 85%, respectively. Monoclonal component was IgG in 60%, IgA in 25%, light chain in 15%. Median Ferritin was 310 ng/ml (range 17-1236) and median Alkaline Phosphatase was 75 U/L (range 29-355). Descriptive data of DBS test, enzymatic activity and genetic tests are reported in the Table. In summary, DBS test was found positive in 12/902 (1.33%). Genetic test confirms GBA gene mutations, single heterozygous in 11 patients and double heterozygous in 1 patient. N370S and L444P loci accounted for 50% of GBA gene mutations found. Double-heterozygous patient started replacement therapy for GD1 with imiglucerase. Conclusions. After the enrolment of more than three quarter of the planned patients, the prevalence of DBS test positivity was higher than 0.5% (1.3%). Genetic test confirmed involvement of GBA genes, all but one in heterozygosity fashion. This study allowed to identify one patient with MM and GD1 requiring therapy for both diseases at the same time. The results of this study support further investigations on the implication of the GD1 in the pathogenesis and management of MM. More data on MM patient subgroups at higher risk of associated GD1 may be provided.
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Rutkowska, Julia, Klaudia Skorek, Rafał Babiak, Karolina Bajak, Paulina Czuchryta, Anastazja Domańska, Agnieszka Gawęda, Agata Grabek, Żaneta Rzęsa-Tokarczyk, and Agnieszka Urbańczyk. "Cystic Fibrosis - a very common genetic disease among the population - a general review." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 40, no. 1 (June 19, 2023): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.40.01.004.
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Cystic fibrosis is the most common genetic disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner occurring among populations of Caucasian descent. It is an incurable, multi-composition monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CFTR protein, which is a membrane conduction regulator. Mutations of the CFTR gene can cause symptoms from many organs and systems as a result of extracellular secretion disorders, but the main symptoms of this disease are related to the respiratory system and digestive system. Although a lot of changes have occurred in regards to treating the disease and making the lives of sick patients easier and longer, there is still a long way to go. New therapy methods bring a lot hope and get us closer to reaching the ultimate goal of successfully treating all patients with CF. In this review, we summarize the information available about CF for the present moment, diagnostic methods, current methods of treatment and discuss possible future outcomes of therapy.
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Świercz, Kamila, Magdalena Majcher, Dominika Górska, Monika Majcher, Aleksandra Karwańska, Agata Pikulicka, Małgorzata Sierpień, Piotr Brzychczy, Aleksandra Kulbat, and Mateusz Kulbat. "Cystic fibrosis - Ways to improve the quality of life of patients." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 20, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.20.01.001.
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Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious, multi-system disease. In the Caucasian population CF is the most common autosomal recessive disease, which happens for 1 person in 3,500 births [1]. In the course of CF, there is a dysfunction of many organs, mainly the respiratory and digestive systems. Symptomatic treatment of cystic fibrosis is very important. The change in daily eating habits, the use of proper breathing techniques and psychotherapy also have an impact on improving the quality of life of patients. In the past patients died at a young age. The progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis has meant that nowadays more and more people are reaching adulthood. In recent years, the median survival of patients has increased to 46.2 years. [2] Purpose The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge about ways to improve the quality and length of life of patients with CF. Methods The literature available in the Pubmed and Google Scholarship databases was reviewed using key phrases. Results Additional methods of treatment, such as: learning the correct breathing technique, oxygen therapy, physical exercise or proper nutrition, significantly improve the living conditions of patients.
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Wołowiec, Łukasz, Daniel Rogowicz, Robert Bujak, Anna Choma, Albert Jaśniak, Joanna Osiak, Anna Wołowiec, Grzegorz Grześk, and Walery Zukow. "A clinical case of a 21-year-old patient with idiopathic acute exudative pericarditis." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 15, no. 1 (July 5, 2023): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.15.01.009.
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act Pericarditis is a disease entity associated with the primary or secondary inflammation of its layers, which may be accompanied by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, the consequences of which depend mainly on the speed of its accumulation. The causes of pericardial diseases can be divided into infectious or non-infectious diseases, but in about 30% of cases the etiology of the disease cannot be determined. Pericarditis causes 5% of all emergency department visits related to non-ischemic chest pain. In the study we presented a case of a 21-year-old Caucasian male with acute exudative pericarditis, which required drainage of the pericardial sac despite the use of pharmacological treatment. The patient underwent a wide range of diagnostic tests and specialist consultations, but ultimately the etiological factor of acute exudative pericarditis could not have been identified. The therapy of acute exudative pericarditis, especially in the case of undetermined etiology, requires an individualized approach from the attending physician. Based on the observation of inflammatory parameters, imaging tests and clinical picture, the physician is to decide whether pericardiocentesis or modification of pharmacological treatment is necessary. Searching for the etiological factor is essential if it has an impact on the successive methods of diagnosis and treatment, especially in patients with recurrent idiopathic pericarditis or in the absence of a response to the therapy.
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Milanowska, Małgorzata, Aleksandra Grudzińska, Dominika Jarosz, Hanna Tsitko, and Paulina Dudzińska. "Skin cancer’s prevention in the light of current medical knowledge." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 23, no. 1 (April 24, 2023): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.23.01.004.
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Among all diagnosed malignancies, skin cancers account for more than 30-50%. Caucasian patients have a lifetime risk of more than 20%. The incidence increases with the age of patients. In 2017, there were over 14,000 new cases in Poland. It can be expected that these results are underestimated due to incomplete registration of new cases in the National Cancer Registry.(1,2)The most common skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma - over 80% of cases. In second place is squamous cell carcinoma - 15-20%. Other types are less common.(1)The appearance of a new mole or a change in the appearance of an existing one is often missed at the beginning, and even if it is noticed, it is underestimated by the patient. Therefore, detection rate of skin cancer, including melanoma at an early stage, is unfortunately relatively low.The incidence of skin cancer is constantly increasing, which is an important epidemiological problem of modern medicine.(2)Patient education should focus on behaviors that the patient can influence and modify, including: regular visits to a dermatologist and undergoing a dermatoscopic examination, the use of sunscreen with a high UV factor, the use of special protective clothing, sunglasses, covering head when under sun’s exposure, moderate overall sun exposure, avoiding sunburn, not using a tanning bed.The purpose of this review was to assess the current literature on the impact of educating the public and promoting sun protection as a necessary method to directly reduce the incidence of skin cancer.The literature was searched in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases.
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Magakian, T. Yu, A. M. Tatarnikov, T. A. Movsessian, and H. R. Andreasyan. "Near-infrared detection of H2 flows in the core of the Mon R1 association." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 2139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3585.
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ABSTRACT We report the discovery of four new H2 jets in the Mon R1 star-forming region in images obtained with the 2.5-m telescope of the Caucasian Mountain Observatory of Sternberg Astronomical Institute (SAI), Moscow State University (MSU) through a filter centred on the H2 1–0 S(1) emission line. This discovery confirms the nature of these flows, the existence of which was previously suspected from archival Spitzer GLIMPSE360 and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) survey images. Also, two infrared reflection nebulae were revealed. On Herschel Photodetecting Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) survey images, we found a small group of far-infrared sources, mostly unknown ones; among them are the possible exciting objects of these outflows. Spectral energy distributions of the new sources show their extremely red colour and bolometric luminosities reaching 3 L⊙ and even 10 L⊙. They are thought to be pre-main-sequence (PMS) objects in the very early evolutionary stages.
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Bobrov, Ivan Vladimirovich, and Dmitry Alekseevich Mikhailov. "Three Enemies of Russia: Dmitrii Galkovskii and Strategies of “Enemification” in Contemporary Russian Nationalism." Nationalities Papers 47, no. 2 (March 2019): 280–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.2.
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AbstractThis article focuses on ideological constructions of contemporary nationalism shaped by the influence of Dmitrii Galkovskii. At the dawn of the Russian Internet, Galkovskii’s website, Samizdat, became the birthplace for intellectuals of contemporary Russian nationalism who emerged around Voprosy natsionalizma magazine and the online magazine Sputnik i Pogrom. Enemification strategies described in this article are understood as forms of self-representation of contemporary Russian nationalism. The goal of this article is to characterize one of the ideologies of contemporary Russian nationalism, which serves as a moral justification for some odious manifestations—xenophobia and racism. Three forces are characterized by contemporary Russian nationalists as the most dangerous challenges for the nation: the West, internal enemies, and migrants. Traditional and fundamental anti-Western rhetoric has turned into Anglophobia in the ideology of contemporary Russian nationalism. The most profound evidence might be found in Galkovskii’s conception of the history of international relations. This idea is also used when defining the internal enemy. Caucasians have taken the place of Russian nationalism’s previous main internal enemies, Jews, and are treated as representatives of the British colonial administration. The third enemy of modern Russian nationalism is migrants. They are seen as tools of the degradation policy toward Russians.
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Lim, Shen-Yang, Jia Lun Lim, Azlina Ahmad-Annuar, Katja Lohmann, Ai Huey Tan, Kai Bin Lim, Yi Wen Tay, et al. "Clinical Phenotype of LRRK2 R1441C in 2 Chinese Sisters." Neurodegenerative Diseases 20, no. 1 (2020): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508131.
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Pathogenic and risk variants in the LRRK2 gene are among the main genetic contributors to Parkinson’s disease (PD) worldwide, and LRRK2-targeted therapies for patients with PARK-LRRK2are now entering clinical trials. However, in contrast to the LRRK2 G2019S mutation commonly found in Caucasians, North-African Arabs, and Ashkenazi Jews, relatively little is known about other causative LRRK2 mutations, and data on genotype-phenotype correlations are largely lacking. This report is from an ongoing multicentre study in which next-generation sequencing-based PD gene panel testing has so far been conducted on 499 PD patients of various ethnicities from Malaysia. We describe 2 sisters of Chinese ancestry with PD who carry the R1441C mutation in LRRK2 (which in Asians has been reported in only 2 Chinese patients previously), and highlight interesting clinical observations made over a decade of close follow-up. We further explored the feasibility of using a brief, expert-administered rating scale (the Clinical Impression of Severity Index; CISI-PD) to capture data on global disease severity in a large (n = 820) unselected cohort of PD patients, including severely disabled individuals typically excluded from research studies. All patients in this study were managed and evaluated by the same PD neurologist, and these data were used to make broad comparisons between the monogenic PD cases versus the overall “real world” PD cohort. This report contributes to the scarce literature on R1441C PARK-LRRK2, offering insights into natural history and epidemiological aspects, and provides support for the application of a simple and reliable clinical tool that can improve the inclusion of under-represented patient groups in PD research.
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Leiba, Merav, Arnon Afek, Estela Derazne, Adi Leiba, Lital Keinan-Boker, Ari Shamiss, Arnon Nagler, and Jeremy D. Kark. "Jewish Immigrants Of Middle Eastern Origin Have a Lower Incidence Of Multiple Myeloma Compared To Both North African and European Jews In a Cohort Of 746,200 Israeli Men Followed From Late Adolescence." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5346.5346.
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Abstract Differences in the prevalence of Multiple Myeloma across races have been observed, with a two to three fold greater prevalence of Multiple Myeloma in African Americans compared with Caucasians. Little is known about the incidence or prevalence of Multiple Myeloma in other populations. The association between father's country of origin and the incidence of Multiple Myeloma was examined in a nationwide population-based cohort. Health-related data on 746,200 16-19 year old Jewish males examined for fitness for military service between 1967 and 1998 were linked to the Israel National Cancer Registry to derive Multiple Myeloma incidence up to 2006. During 17,352,349 person-years of follow-up, 109 examinees developed plasma cell dyscrasias. West Asian origin (predominantly Middle Eastern) was protective compared to European (predominantly Ashkenazi) origin (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.23-0.70; p=0.001). The association persisted when adjusted for year of birth (HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.22-0.68; p=0.001), and also when restricted to Israeli-born males (HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24-0.82; p=0.01). In conclusion, adolescents of Middle Eastern origin are at persistently lower risk of developing Multiple Myeloma compared to European origin, suggesting a genetic background in the pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Foeldvari, I., J. Klotsche, O. Kasapcopur, A. Adrovic, M. T. Terreri, R. Cimaz, M. Katsikas, et al. "FRI0466 NO DISEASE PROGRESSION AFTER 36 MONTHS FOLLOW UP IN THE JUVENILE SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA INCEPTION COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 830.1–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2271.
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Background:Juvenile systemic scleroderma (jSSc) is an orphan disease with a prevalence of 3 in 1 000 000 children. There is rare longitudinal prospective follow up data of patients with jSSc. In the international juvenile systemic scleroderma cohort (JSScC) patients are followed with a standardized assessment prospectively.Objectives:To assess the changes regarding organ involvement pattern and patients related outcomes after 36 months follow up in the JSScC.Methods:Patients diagnosed according the ACR 2013 criteria for systemic sclerosis were included, if they developed the first non-Raynaud symptom before the age of 16 and were under the age of 18 at the time of inclusion. Patients were followed prospectively every 6 months with a standardized assessment.Results:39 patients in the JSScC had 36 months follow up. 80% had a diffuse subtype. 95% of the patients were Caucasian origin. 31 of the patients were female (80%). Mean disease duration at time of inclusion was 3.5 years. Mean age onset of Raynaud’s was 8.8 years and mean age of onset at the first non-Raynaud´s was 9.5 years. Around 30% of the patients were anti-Scl70 positive and none of them anti-centromere positive. The MRSS dropped from the time point of the inclusion into the cohort from 13.9 to 11.8 after 36 months. Pattern of organ involvement did not show any significant change, beside the increase of the nailfold capillary changes from 49% to 73% (p=0.037). No renal crisis occurred. No mortality was observed.They were positive significant changes in the patient related outcomes. The physician global disease activity decreased from 40.0 to 22.1 assessed on a VAS scale of 0 to 100 (p <0.001).Patients global disease activity decreased from 43.3 to 20.4 and patients global disease damage from 45.0 to 21.7 both assessed on a VAS scale of 0 to 100 (p<0.001).Conclusion:After 36 months follow up, we could observe a significant improvement of patient related outcomes and only one significant change in organ pattern involvement. In a mostly diffuse subset patient population this is a very promising result regarding outcome.Supported by the “Joachim Herz Stiftung”Disclosure of Interests:Ivan Foeldvari Consultant of: Novartis, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Ozgur Kasapcopur: None declared, Amra Adrovic: None declared, Maria T. Terreri: None declared, Rolando Cimaz: None declared, Maria Katsikas: None declared, Dana Nemcova: None declared, Maria Jose Santos Speakers bureau: Novartis and Pfizer, Juergen Brunner Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Novartis, Consultant of: Pfizer, Novartis, Abbvie, Roche, BMS, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, Abbvie, Roche, BMS, Mikhail Kostik: None declared, Kirsten Minden Consultant of: GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, Speakers bureau: Roche, Anjali Patwardhan: None declared, Kathryn Torok: None declared, Nicola Helmus: None declared
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Son, M. B., Y. Kimura, K. Aalto, L. Berntson, J. Dallas, C. Duffy, M. Glerup, et al. "OP0197 THE INITIAL TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS: AN INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AMONG 10 REGISTRIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 123.1–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1235.
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Background:The introduction of biologics has transformed care for children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). Differences in treatment approaches between countries and how they have changed over time are not well studied.Objectives:We contrast the initial features, treatment and 12-month outcome in SJIA across 10 JIA registers in Europe and North America.Methods:Data were extracted locally from 10 Registers including manifestations at diagnosis, medication use over first year and outcomes (Physician Global Assessment (PGA), active joint count (AJC)) at 12 months. Data was compared before/after 2012 to assess change over time. Weighted (w) means were used to adjust for varying number of patients/Register.Results:1,149 patients; 553 had medication data for 2012-2018; primarily female and Caucasian; median age at diagnosis 5.3-8 years. Median duration of symptoms prior to first visit varied (0-3.3 months). Glucocorticoid (GC) use was common in the first year (w_average 72% (range 33-96%)). Biologic use included IL-1, IL-6 and TNF inhibitors. The proportion of patients treated with biologics, primarily anakinra, increased after 2012 (Table 1). W_mean PGA and AJC at the 12±3 month visit were 1.55 and 1.57, respectively (Table 2). At one year, the proportion of patients prescribed GC varied (w_mean 40%, range 26-60%).Conclusion:Analysis of SJIA patients across 10 countries show that time to first rheumatology visit was highly variable. Although local factors influence treatment decisions, biologic use increased after 2011; anakinra most common. Nearly 75% of patients were prescribed steroids within the first year but seemed to decrease after 1 year. More study is needed on long-term outcomes in SJIA patients within this modern era.1: Medication Usage within First Year (pre/post 2012 where available)Glucocorticoids (IV+PO)%Methotrexate%Biologic%Anti-IL-1%Anakinra%Tocilizumab%USA2010-2011n=922563333330USA2012-2018n=91501771705717Canada2005-2010n=8876601710100UK2001-2011n=69787110330UK2012-2018n=31485829191919Portugal2008-2011n=7342364330Portugal2012-2018n=19744732161621Sweden2009-2015n=50964662302830Denmark1997-2011n=83864013662Denmark2012-2018n=325012.575636319Turkey2000-2011n=71937758423720Turkey2012-2018n=11498524032289Germany2000-2011n=27173621376<1Germany2012-2018n=249574727191020Norway1997-2011n=26816212448Norway2012-2018n=510060100202080Finland2006-2011n=12424217008Finland2012-2018n=1225880082: Clinical Outcomes at 12 Months -all yearsAJCMedian [IQR]PGAMedian [IQR]GC Use, %USA0 [0, 0]0 [0,0]47Canada0 [0, 2]0.1 [0, 2.7]41UK0 [0, 0]0.5 [0, 1.7]53Portugal0 [0, 0]0.3 [0, 1]53Sweden0 [0, 0.5]0 [0, 0.5]31Denmark0 [0, 0]-26Turkey4 [2, 7]4 [3, 7]60Germany0 [0, 1]0 [0,2]36Norway0 [0, 0]0.5 [0, 2]45Finland0 [0, 0]0 [0, 0]33Disclosure of Interests:Mary Beth Son: None declared, Yukiko Kimura Consultant of: Genetech, Kristiina Aalto: None declared, Lillemor Berntson: None declared, Johnathan Dallas: None declared, Ciaran Duffy: None declared, Mia Glerup: None declared, Jaime Guzman: None declared, Troels Herlin: None declared, Petteri Hovi: None declared, Kimme Hyrich Grant/research support from: Pfizer, UCB, BMS, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Bo Magnusson: None declared, Vanessa McItyre: None declared, Ellen Nordal: None declared, Seza Özen: None declared, Maria Jose Santos Speakers bureau: Novartis and Pfizer, Betül Sözeri: None declared, Timothy Beukelman Consultant of: UCB, Novartis
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Foeldvari, I., J. Klotsche, O. Kasapcopur, A. Adrovic, K. Torok, M. T. Terreri, A. P. Sakamoto, et al. "THU0499 IS THERE A DIFFERENT PRESENTATION OF JUVENILE SYSTEMIC DIFFUSE AND LIMITED SUBSET? DATA FROM THE JUVENILE SCLERODERMA INCEPTION COHORT. WWW.JUVENILE-SCLEORDERMA.COM." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1667.
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Background:Juvenile systemic scleroderma (jSSc) is an orphan disease with a prevalence of 3 per 1 000 000 children. There are limited data regarding the clinical presentation of jSSc. The Juvenile Systemic Scleroderma Inception Cohort (JSSIC) is the largest multinational registry that prospectively collects information about jSSc patients.Objectives:Evaluation of the jSSc patients at the time of inclusion in the JSSIC.Methods:Patients were included in the JSSIC if they fulfilled the adult ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic scleroderma, if they presented the first non-Raynaud symptom before 16 years of age and if they were younger than 18 years of age at time of inclusion. Patients’ characteristics at time of inclusion were evaluated.Results:Until 15thof December 2019 hundred fifty patients were included, 83% of them being Caucasian and 80% female. The majority had the diffuse subtype (72%) and 17% of all jSSc had overlap features. The mean age of first presentation of Raynaud´s phenomenon was 9.8 years in the diffuse subtype (djSSc) and 10.7 years in the limited subtype (ljSSc) (p=.197). The mean age at first non-Raynaud’s symptoms was 10.0 years in the djSSc and 11.2 years in the ljSSc (p=0.247). Mean disease duration at time of inclusion was 3.4 years in the djSSc and 2.4 years in the ljSSc group.Significant differences were found between the groups regarding mean modified Rodnan skin score, 18.2 in the djSSc vs 6.2 in the ljSSc (p=0.02); presence of Gottron´s papulae (djSSc 30% vs ljSSc 13%, p=0.43);presence of teleangiectasia (djSSc 42% vs 18% ljSS, p=0.01); history of ulceration (djSSc 42% vs 18% ljSSc,p=0.008); 6 Minute walk test below the 10thpercentile (djSSc 85% vs ljSSc 54%, p=0.044), total pulmonary involvement (djSSc 49% vs ljSSc 31%, p=0.045), cardiac involvement (ljSSc 17% vs djSSc 3%, p=0.002). djSSc patients had significantly worse scores for Physician Global Assessment of disease activity compared to ljSSc patients (VAS 0-100) (40 vs 15) (p=0.001) and for Physician Global Assessment of disease damage (VAS 0-100) (36 vs 17) (p=0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in the other presentations. Pulmonary hypertension occurred in approximately 6% in both groups. No systemic hypertension or renal crisis was reported. ANA positivity was 90% in both groups. Anti-Scl70 was positive in 35% in djSSc and 36% in the ljSSc group. Anticentromere positivity occurred in 3% in the djSSc and 7% in the ljSSc group.Conclusion:In this unique large cohort of jSSc patients there were significant differences between djSSc and ljSSc patients at time of inclusion into the cohort regarding skin, vascular, pulmonary and cardiac involvement. According to the physician global scores the djSSc patients had a significantly more severe disease. Interestingly the antibody profile was similar in both scleroderma phenotypes.Supported by the “Joachim Herz Stiftung”Disclosure of Interests: :Ivan Foeldvari Consultant of: Novartis, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Ozgur Kasapcopur: None declared, Amra Adrovic: None declared, Kathryn Torok: None declared, Maria T. Terreri: None declared, Ana Paula Sakamoto: None declared, Valda Stanevicha: None declared, Flávio R. Sztajnbok: None declared, Jordi Anton Grant/research support from: grants from Pfizer, abbvie, Novartis, Sobi. Gebro, Roche, Novimmune, Sanofi, Lilly, Amgen, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, abbvie, Novartis, Sobi. Gebro, Roche, Novimmune, Sanofi, Lilly, Amgen, Consultant of: Novartis, Sobi, Pfizer, abbvie, Consultant of: Novartis, Sobi, Pfizer, abbvie, Speakers bureau: abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Sobi, Gebro, Speakers bureau: abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Sobi, Gebro, Brian Feldman Consultant of: DSMB for Pfizer, OPTUM and AB2-Bio, Ekaterina Alexeeva Grant/research support from: Roche, Pfizer, Centocor, Novartis, Speakers bureau: Roche, Novartis, Pfizer., Maria Katsikas: None declared, Vanessa Smith Grant/research support from: The affiliated company received grants from Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgian Fund for Scientific Research in Rheumatic diseases (FWRO), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and Janssen-Cilag NV, Consultant of: Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Speakers bureau: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and UCB Biopharma Sprl, edoardo marrani: None declared, Mikhail Kostik: None declared, Natalia Vasquez-Canizares: None declared, Simone Appenzeller: None declared, Mahesh Janarthanan: None declared, Monika Moll: None declared, Dana Nemcova: None declared, Anjali Patwardhan: None declared, Maria Jose Santos Speakers bureau: Novartis and Pfizer, Sujata Sawhney: None declared, Dieneke Schonenberg: None declared, Cristina Battagliotti: None declared, Lillemor Berntson Consultant of: paid by Abbvie as a consultant, Speakers bureau: paid by Abbvie for giving speaches about JIA, Blanca Bica: None declared, Juergen Brunner Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Novartis, Consultant of: Pfizer, Novartis, Abbvie, Roche, BMS, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, Abbvie, Roche, BMS, Patricia Costa Reis: None declared, Despina Eleftheriou: None declared, Liora Harel: None declared, Gerd Horneff Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Chugai, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bayer, Chugai, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Daniela Kaiser: None declared, Dragana Lazarevic: None declared, Kirsten Minden Consultant of: GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, Speakers bureau: Roche, Susan Nielsen: None declared, Farzana Nuruzzaman: None declared, Yosef Uziel: None declared, Nicola Helmus: None declared
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Rapp Jr., Stephen H. "Religious Plurality and Mixture in the Persianate North: Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and Manichaeans in Late Antique Georgia." Entangled Religions 13, no. 3 (February 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/er.13.2022.9460.
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Persistent images of late antique Caucasia belonging naturally to the Byzantine world obscure the isthmus’ deep multi- and cross-cultural condition. They rest on the flawed assumption that shared Christian affiliation necessarily linked Byzantium and Caucasia. Moreover, such conjectures elide Caucasia’s longstanding integration into the Persianate world, a status enduring for centuries after the fourth-century Christianization of the Georgian, Armenian, and Caucasian Albanian monarchies. This essay engages the religious dimensions of Caucasia’s cross-cultural fabric through the example of sixth-century Georgia. Before the formation of a Georgian "national" church in the seventh century and the accompanying obsession with orthodoxy, Georgian religious life was remarkably diverse and mixed. But in the fourth and fifth centuries, the longstanding dominance of Zoroastrianism—particularly in hybrid local forms—was being eclipsed by various confessions of Christianity. Manichaeism and Judaism also had a visible presence. While there is much we do not know about actual Jewish, Manichaean, and Zoroastrian communities in late antique Georgia, surviving Georgian texts offer valuable, if occasional, glimpses of their existence. And they deploy carefully crafted imaginaries of non-Christian religions embedded in an increasingly Christian environment.
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"Mutation in codon 200 and polymorphism in codon 129 of the prion protein gene in Libyan Jews with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 343, no. 1306 (March 29, 1994): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1994.0033.
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Various mutations in the prion protein (PrP) gene are associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a transmissible fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Among Libyan Jews, cjd is a familial disease with an incidence about 100 times higher than the worldwide population, CJD in this community segregates with a point mutation at codon 200 of the PrP gene which causes the substitution of lysine for glutamate. This mutation was found in all definitely affected individuals and yields a maximum lod score of 4.85. Some healthy elderly mutation carriers above 65 years of age were identified, suggesting partial penetrance. Homozygous patients have the same disease pattern and age of onset as heterozygous patients, which argues that CJD associated with the codon 200 lysine mutation is a true dominant disorder. In the Caucasian population, Palmer et al . (1991) reported an association between homozygosity in a polymorphic site at codon 129 of the PrP gene, coding for either valine or methionine, with a tendency to acquire the sporadic or iatrogenic forms of CJD, as well as with disease age of appearance in the genetic type. The incidence of the polymorphism at codon 129 in the control Libyan population is similar to the one found in the Caucasian population. In the Libyan CJD patients, the codon 200 mutation is within a Met 129 -encoding allele. The incidence of the Met allele is significantly higher in the affected pedigrees than in the control Libyan population; however, no difference was detected between CJD patients, codon 200 healthy carriers, and their normal family members. Homozygosity at codon 129 did not correlate with age of onset or the clinical course in the Libyan Jewish patients. Our finding suggests that the codon 200 mutation causing CJD in Libyan Jews occurred in an isolated pedigree, and has not propagated since to the general Libyan Jewish community.
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Эседов, Э. М., Ф. Д. Ахмедова, Д. С. Акбиева, and А. С. Абасова. "The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis and course of familial Mediterranean fever (periodic illness) in residents of the Republic of Dagestan." Лечащий врач, no. 1(27) (January 10, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.51793/os.2024.27.1.009.
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Введение. Периодическая болезнь, или семейная средиземноморская болезнь, – моногенное наследственное заболевание с аутосомно-рецессивным типом наследования, которое характеризуется спонтанными возвратными приступами лихорадки и асептическим воспалением серозных оболочек – полисерозитов: перитонита, плеврита, синовитов. Основное и наиболее тяжелое его осложнение – системный амилоидоз, в частности, амилоидная нефропатия с прогрессирующей хронической почечной недостаточностью при отсутствии лечения. Второе осложнение периодической болезни – спаечная болезнь, нередко с развитием тонкокишечной непроходимости и бесплодия. Заболевание наиболее распространено среди представителей древних народов Средиземноморья и чаще встречается у евреев-сефардов, армян, арабов, греков, турок, народов Кавказа. Результаты. В статье представлены современные подходы к этиопатогенезу, диагностике и лечению семейной средиземноморской лихорадки (периодической болезни), рассмотрены клинико-генетические аспекты, а также приведены три клинических случая из собственных наблюдений. Изучены национальный состав и семейный анамнез пациентов для выяснения частоты семейных случаев данного заболевания. В группу вошли 26 пациентов в возрасте от 16 до 74 лет, из них 14 мужчин (54%) и 12 женщин (46%), находившихся на обследовании в гастроэнтерологическом отделении ГБУ «Республиканская клиническая больница Республики Дагестан» в период 2011-2021 гг. Все пациенты поступили в отделение в межприступном периоде с жалобами на периодически повторяющиеся приступы интенсивных абдоминальных болей, сопровождающиеся фебрильной лихорадкой. При проведении общеклинического и лабораторно-инструментального исследования и с учетом данных анамнеза была исключена другая патология и выставлен диагноз «периодическая болезнь» с использованием диагностических критериев клиники Тель Хашомера. Background. Periodic illness, or familial Mediterranean fever, is a monogenic hereditary disease with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, which is characterized by spontaneous recurrent attacks of fever and aseptic inflammation of the serous membranes – polyserositis: peritonitis, pleurisy, synovitis. Its main and most severe complication is systemic amyloidosis, in particular, amyloid nephropathy with progressive chronic renal failure in the absence of treatment. The second complication of periodic illness, is adhesive disease, often with the development of small bowel obstruction and infertility. The disease is most common among representatives of the ancient peoples of the Mediterranean and is more common among Sephardic Jews, Armenians, Arabs, Greeks, Turks, Caucasian peoples. Results. The article presents modern approaches to the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of familial Mediterranean fever (periodic illness), considers the clinical and genetic aspects, and also presents clinical cases from our own observations. Studied the ethnic composition and family history of patients to find out the frequency of family cases of this disease. The group consisted of 26 patients aged 16 to 74 years, including 14 men (54%) and 12 women (46%), who were examined in the gastroenterology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital of the Republic of Dagestan in the period 2011-2021. All patients were admitted to the department in the interictal period with complaints – of recurrent attacks of intense abdominal pain accompanied by febrile fever. When conducting general clinical and laboratory-instrumental research and taking into account the data of the anamnesis, another pathology was excluded and a diagnosis of «periodic illness was made using the diagnostic criteria of the Tel Hashomer clinic.
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Shakhbazov, Mekhraly, and Ahmed Badreldin. "Am I better off changing my name to “Alexander”? Ethnic discrimination and its effect on wages in the Russian labor market." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, April 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2022-0039.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether ethnic discrimination is present in the Russian labor market and whether it has a significant economic effect on the potential salaries of applicants.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a correspondence audit for four experimental male applicants with identical professional and personal characteristics while differing only in applicant name as a signal of applicants' ethnic background. Implied ethnicities include Russians, Armenians, Jews and North Caucasians. Résumés were sent out to 800 real unique vacancies on behalf of the experimental applicants with a geographic focus on the capital Moscow.FindingsThe results of the analysis suggest that there is a significant difference in treatment in both response rate and potential average salaries on ethnic grounds. Disadvantaged groups were found to be systematically pushed into jobs paying 15% less monthly wage.Originality/valueThe study investigates the existence of ethnic discrimination in the Russian labor market and furthermore economically quantifies the effects of discrimination.
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Mullick, Mujibar Rahaman, and Sumanta Panja. "EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF GRADUAL DISTRACTION TECHNIQUE FOR CORRECTION AND FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY OF NEGLECTED CTEV." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, June 1, 2021, 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/2621178.
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INTRODUCTION: Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot is commonest congenital foot deformity. The incidence of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot ranges from 0.36/1000 to 6.8/1000 in some populations and about 1.2/1000 births among Caucasians including Indians, with a 1 much higher occurrence in the affected families . More common in male (2:1). Bilateral cases account for about 50%. In unilateral cases right side affected more. The term talipes is derived from talus (ankle bone) and pes (foot). AIMS & OBJECTIVES:To assess the efcacy of gradual differential distraction with JESS as a method of treatment in neglected CTEV. Evaluation of functional recovery of neglected CTEVusing this technique. To assess the morbidity & complication of the technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study area: - The study was institution based, conducted at the Orthopaedics department of I.P.G.M.E.R.& S.S.K.M. Hospital, Kolkata, a tertiary care centre catering to people of West Bengal and adjacent states of Eastern India Study population: Patients attending Orthopedics' O.P.D. of IPGMER & SSKM Hospital. Study period: From May 2016 to Oct 2017 (18 months duration) Sample size: 20 patients (24 feet) Sample design: Patient selection: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: 2(8.3%) patients exion deformity of toes. 1(4.2%) Persitant cavus, 1(4.2%) had liniar skin necrosis, 1(4.2%) patients had pressure sore, 1(4.2%) had oedema of feet, 1(4.2%) persistent all deformity, 2(8.3%) patients had persistan tequinus, 5(20.8%) patients had persistant heel varus, 2(8.3%) patients had forfoot adduction, 3(12.5%) patients had pin tract infection and 11(45.8%) had no complication. 4(16.7%) patients had excellent functional outcome, 8(33.3%) patients had good functional outcome, 8(33.3%) patients had moderate functional outcome and 4(16.7%) patients had poor functional outcome. CONCLUSION: In our study 12(82.3%) feet had excellent to moderate result, only 4(16.7%) had poor result with limited complication. Few patients left with one or more persistent deformity but the nal outcome was functionally satisfactory. JESS is an excellent technique in the management of neglected cases of CTEV especially when it is done at an early age. Differential distraction by JESS xator for the correction of neglected idiopathic CTEV is an effective and patient-friendly method of management. Therefore the differential distraction with JESS can be considered as a treatment modality for the neglected CTEV.
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Leung, Karen Lynn, Smriti Sanchita, Phillip Dumesic, Xiangming Ding, Xinmin Li, Marco Morselli, Matteo Pellegrini, Daniel Anthony Dumesic, and Gregorio Daniel Chazenbalk. "OR20-03 Transcriptional Changes in Lipid Metabolism of Adipocytes Derived from Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Stem Cells of Normal-Weight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.251.
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Abstract Normal-weight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women exhibit increased adipose insulin resistance in vivo (1) accompanying enhanced subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cell (ASC) development to adipocytes with greater lipid accumulation per cell in vitro (2). To determine whether this phenomenon is associated with abnormal adipogenic gene transcription during ASC differentiation into adipocytes, SC abdominal ASCs isolated from three non-Hispanic Caucasian normal-weight PCOS women and three age- and BMI-matched controls were cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium for 3–12 days. After RNA isolation, gene expression levels were determined by RNA sequencing at days 3, 7, and 12. Differentially expressed genes were filtered for significance (padj<0.05) and fold change (>2-fold); upstream regulator genes and gene ontology (GO) functions were determined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) also was used to identify enriched cellular processes (3). Differentially expressed genes in PCOS vs. control cells were either upregulated (466, 768 and 441 genes on days 3, 7 and 12, respectively) or downregulated (742, 974 and 605 genes on days 3, 7 and 12, respectively) over time, with critical genes governing adipocyte cell differentiation in PCOS cells increased 2–6 fold at days 3, 7 and 12 (PPARγ, CEBPα, ADIPOQ, AGPAT2, FABP4, LPL, PLIN1). The predicted upstream regulator genes TGFβ1 (an adipogenic inhibitor) and TNF (a pro-inflammatory adipokine) were significantly reduced in PCOS relative to control cells at all time points. The GO functions lipid oxidation and free fatty acid (FFA) beta-oxidation were enriched amongst upregulated genes in PCOS cells across all time points, while acylglycerol synthesis was increased at days 7 and 12 alone (z>2, p<0.05, all GO functions). In parallel, GSEA showed in PCOS cells significantly increased transcripts related to oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisome activity and adipogenesis at all time points (p<0.05). Thus, adipocytes derived from SC abdominal ASCs of normal-weight PCOS women exhibit early activation of adipogenic genes, potentially underlying their exaggerated lipid accumulation in vitro, as previously described (2). These PCOS-related changes in gene expression involve an increase in both oxidative phosphorylation and FFA beta oxidation, which could disrupt the balance between energy production and lipid storage, particularly when caloric intake exceeds energy utilization. References: (1) Dumesic DA, et al JCEM 2019;104(6):2171–83; (2) Leung KL, et al. JES 2019;3:Supplement 1, SUN-107 (3) Subhramanian A, et al. PNAS 2005;102:43