Relevant bibliographies by topics / Causal closure

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Causal closure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Causal closure"

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Tiehen, Justin. "Grounding Causal Closure." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 97, no. 4 (November 10, 2015): 501–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papq.12126.

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Tiehen, Justin. "Explaining causal closure." Philosophical Studies 172, no. 9 (December 5, 2014): 2405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-014-0418-5.

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Morris, Kevin. "Causal Closure, Causal Exclusion, and Supervenience Physicalism." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 95, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papq.12017.

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Gibb, Sophie. "The Causal Closure Principle." Philosophical Quarterly 65, no. 261 (April 26, 2015): 626–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqv030.

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Cegła, W., and J. Florek. "Ortho and Causal Closure as a Closure Operations in the Causal Logic." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 44, no. 1 (January 2005): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-005-1430-5.

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Lowe, E. J. "Causal Closure Principles and Emergentism." Philosophy 75, no. 4 (October 2000): 571–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003181910000067x.

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Causal closure arguments against interactionist dualism are currently popular amongst physicalists. Such an argument appeals to some principles of the causal closure of the physical, together with certain other premises, to conclude that at least some mental events are identical with physical events. However, it is crucial to the success of any such argument that the physical causal closure principle to which it appeals is neither too strong nor too weak by certain standards. In this paper, it is argued that various forms of naturalistic dualism, of an emergentist character, are consistent with the strongest physical causal closure principles that can plausibly be advocated.
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Buhler, Keith. "No Good Arguments for Causal Closure." Metaphysica 21, no. 2 (October 25, 2020): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mp-2019-0026.

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AbstractMany common arguments for physicalism begin with the principle that the cosmos is “causally closed.” But how good are the arguments for causal closure itself? I argue that the deductive, a priori arguments on behalf of causal closure tend to beg the question. The extant inductive arguments fare no better. They commit a sampling error or a non-sequitur, or else offer conclusions that remain compatible with causal openness. In short, we have no good arguments that the physical world is causally closed.
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Reppert, Victor E. "Causal Closure, Mechanism, and Rational Inference." Philosophia Christi 3, no. 2 (2001): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pc20013244.

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Gamper, Johan. "On a Loophole in Causal Closure." Philosophia 45, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-016-9791-y.

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Konolige, Kurt. "Abduction versus closure in causal theories." Artificial Intelligence 53, no. 2-3 (February 1992): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(92)90073-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Causal closure"

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Molina, Roque. "On Kim's critique of non-reductive physicalism." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109158.

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Kim criticizes non-reductive physicalism as a suitable metaphysics of mind among things because of its failure on the issue of mental causation. The failure is especially present in the thesis of supervenience physicalism. Kim concludes that the causal powers of mental states can be reduced to the causal powers carried by the physical states realizing them. Such causal reduction might involve identity between mental properties and physical properties. I think this is not a necessary conclusion. I try to clarify some premises behind Kim’s analysis, regarding issues of irreducibility, downward causation and the structure of the physical domain. I think the main reason why Kim doubts the plausibility of non-reductive physicalism is his view that downward causation and non-reductive metaphysics indicate the physical domain being hierarchically divided into levels. It seems like Kim would take the opposite position regarding the structure of the physical: an undivided continuum. Yet, the question is if that position follows from the ontological tenet of physicalism. Finally, I conclude that not necessarily, and I develop some further implications and suggestions.
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Wilson, David Thomas. "The nature of free will." Thesis, Electronic version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/385.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University (Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Dept. of Philosophy), 2006.
Bibliography: p. 218-228.
Free will and nature -- Metaphysical free will -- Incompatibilism -- Causal closure of the physical domain -- Free will and physics -- Free will within nature.
There is more than one problem of free will. Many philosophers approach the free will question seeking a foundation for systems of ethics or a justification for societal practices of praise and blame. ... Rather, I address the metaphysical question of how to accommodate free will within the natural world. I conclude that the natural world is not identical with the physical world and that it must contain entities or influences that are not physical in any current sense of that word.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
x, 228 p
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Oguamanam, Eugene Ezenwa. "An Encounter Between Aristotle And Contemporary Philosophy of Mind The Case of Reductive Physicalism As Espoused By Jaegwon Kim." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74925.

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I argue in this thesis that Aristotle’s hylomorphic metaphysics, supported by his theory of causality and his theory of the soul (De Anima), holds the key to solving the problem of mental causation in contemporary philosophy of mind. A core aspect of the contemporary mind-body problem is the problem of mental causation (how does the mind interact with the body to cause actions in humans). Without mental causation, in the realist sense of the word, it is difficult to see how humans are held responsible for their actions. There have been different approaches to solving the mind-body problem, but each has met with its own set of problems, except, I argue, Aristotle’s hylomorphism. Jaegwon Kim argues that Davidson’s anomalous monism cum supervenience renders mental causation epiphenomenal, and that a mental state is causally efficacious only when reduced to the physical properties. I argue that it is the phenomenal consciousness that accounts for our actions, and while neither Davidson’s nor Kim’s accounts of action can adequately deal with phenomenal consciousness, Aristotle’s metaphysics can. I argue that the ancient and neo-Aristotelian notion of self-knowledge is akin to our contemporary notion of phenomenal consciousness and that Aristotle saves the notion of autonomous mental causation through his theory of hylomorphism that holds every substance is a composite of matter (body) and form (soul). My thesis is thus a novel invitation to rethink Aristotle’s psychology and philosophy of mind in the context of contemporary philosophy of mind.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria 2020.
University of Pretoria(Postgraduate Bursary (2017-2018)
Philosophy
DPhil
Unrestricted
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Sjöberg, Rebecka. "Deprivation of Closure in McEwan's Atonement : Unreliability and Metafiction as Underlying Causes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16866.

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The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to discuss, and attempt to confirm, that Ian McEwan’s Atonement (2001) lacks closure. Since the novel has an unreliable narrator who offers her readers several credible endings to her narrative, and who also acts as the fictitious author of the story, unreliability and metafiction are claimed to be the main underlying causes of this deprivation of closure. The discussion in the first section of the analysis is based on the plot development depicted in Gustav Freytag’s Pyramid, and the second part is focused on Victoria Orlowski’s four metafictional characteristics denoting ways in which writers of metafiction transgress narrative levels. The claim is concluded to be partly fulfilled, since Atonement is regarded as lacking closure in terms of narrative structure but not in a philosophical and moral sense.
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Robertson, William. "Airborne Laser Quantification of Florida Shoreline and Beach Volume Change Caused by Hurricanes." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/35.

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This dissertation combines three separate studies that measure coastal change using airborne laser data. The initial study develops a method for measuring subaerial and subaqueous volume change incrementally alongshore, and compares those measurements to shoreline change in order to quantify their relationship in Palm Beach County, Florida. A poor correlation (R2 = 0.39) was found between shoreline and volume change before the hurricane season in the northern section of Palm Beach County because of beach nourishment and inlet dynamics. However, a relatively high R2 value of 0.78 in the southern section of Palm Beach County was found due to little disturbance from tidal inlets and coastal engineering projects. The shoreline and volume change caused by the 2004 hurricane season was poorly correlated with R2 values of 0.02 and 0.42 for the north and south sections, respectively. The second study uses airborne laser data to investigate if there is a significant relationship between shoreline migration before and after Hurricane Ivan near Panama City, Florida. In addition, the relationship between shoreline change and subaerial volume was quantified and a new method for quantifying subaqueous sediment change was developed. No significant spatial relationship was found between shoreline migration before and after the hurricane. Utilization of a single coefficient to represent all relationships between shoreline and subaerial volume change was found to be problematic due to the spatial variability in the linear relationship. Differences in bathymetric data show only a small portion of sediment was transported beyond the active zone and most sediment remained within the active zone despite the occurrence of a hurricane. The third study uses airborne laser bathymetry to measure the offshore limit of change, and compares that location with calculated depth of closures and subaqueous geomorphology. There appears to be strong geologic control of the depth of closure in Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. North of Hillsboro Inlet, hydrodynamics control the geomorphology which in turn indicates the location of the depth of closure.
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Cullen, Sophia. "Causes and effects of suburban traffic dynamics : A case study in a municipality close to Munich." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389457.

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The current transportation infrastructure in most cities and municipalities is not designed to cope with the continually increasing volume of traffic, especially during rush hours. Furthermore, in many cases, the increasing pressure has not yet been adequately compensated by sufficient expansion. The dynamic nature of this problem makes it very challenging to solve. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to investigate the causes and effects and their dynamics of the increasing strain on transportation infrastructure in suburban municipalities. This research is necessary in order to determine what needs to be changed to reduce traffic congestion effectively. Moreover, this study assesses the expectations of commuters regarding mobility. It is essential to take their opinions into account, as they are a significant cause of traffic congestion. Therefore, they need to accept any implemented solution in order to ensure a high adoption rate. In the process, the dynamics of the system and the opinions of commuters result in conceptual solutions aimed at improving the traffic situation in the long term.   The research involved conducting a single case study in a suburban municipality of the German city of Munich. In the course of this research, primary data was collected by means of a commuter survey and secondary data was also provided from an existing household survey. Moreover, empirical data was collected through a literature review as well as from numerous recognised online sources. The causes and effects of traffic dynamics were analysed by considering traffic as a system using Systems Thinking and System Dynamics methodology. The interrelated variables were visualised by creating a Causal Loop Diagram and drawing conclusions from it. In addition, conceptual solutions were developed by reviewing the works of previous researchers and taking into account the results from the System Dynamics analysis. The results of the commuter survey also played a crucial role in ascertaining the commuting habits and expectations of commuters regarding the transportation infrastructure.   The analysis of the Causal Loop Diagram revealed that in order to reduce traffic congestion, road expansion alone is not a viable solution due to rebound effects, which eventually result in increased car use and hence more traffic congestion. Therefore, in order to solve the problem in the long term, car use needs to be reduced to a significant degree. This can be achieved by implementing various solutions to nudge people towards using alternative modes of transport. Various pricing techniques such as free public transport are a possible method of approaching this topic. Furthermore, improving public transportation services and infrastructure using digitalisation and centralising various alternative modes of transport are among a number of appropriate ways of effectively reducing the traffic congestion problematic studied in this project. Hereby, the method of Change Management, usually used within organisations, can be applied to change the behaviour of society.
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Rynningsjö, Simon, and Tim Wahlström. "Visuellt berättande i spelmiljöer." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2387.

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Abstrakt I den här uppsatsen undersöks hur ett narrativ kan drivas inom digitala spel enbart med hjälp av spelmiljön. Syftet är att få förståelse för vad miljöberättande behärskar som en självständig form av berättande och vad författarna kan göra för att uppnå detta mål. För att undersöka problemområdet genomfördes en spelproduktion där metoder framtagna under undersökningens gång applicerades. Produktionen testades av utomstående studenter i medieteknik och resultaten sammanställdes med reflektioner kring vad som uppnåtts och de metoder som applicerats. Undersökningen beskriver arbetsprocessen och metoder och visar hur dessa kan driva ett narrativ med en spelmiljö. Abstract In this thesis examines how to drive a narrative in digital games using only the game environment. The purpose is to gain an understanding of what environmental storytelling is capable of as an independent form of narrative and what the authors can do to achieve this goal. To study the problem area, a game production was conducted in which methods developed during the study was applied. The production was tested by other students in media technology and the results that came up were compiled with reflections on what was achieved and the applied methods. The study describes the work process, methods and shows how these can be used to drive a narrative with a game environment.
Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion.
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Mauritzson, Maja, and Schewen Lina von. "”Anledningen: Hon hade träffat en annan man och ville skilja sig” : En textanalys av tidningsartiklars beskrivningar av mäns våld mot kvinnor." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-39397.

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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur artiklar från två välkända svenskakvällstidningar beskriver det våld som män brukar mot kvinnor i nära relationer. Vidare har det undersökts vilka orsaksförklaringar tidningsartiklar använder för att beskriva mäns våld mot kvinnor. En kvalitativ textanalys har genomförts där resultatet har tematiserats med teoretisk ansats genom socioekologiska modellen och Socialstyrelsens definition av våld i nära relationer. Media har visat sig ha en betydande roll för människors förståelse av sociala problem. Det som beskrivs i media blir ofta människors verklighet, därför är det av betydelse att media ger en rättvis och korrekt bild av det stora och utbredda fenomen som våld i nära relationer utgör. Resultatet indikerar att fysiskt våld är den vanligast förekommande typ av våld som beskrivs av tidningsartiklar. Vidare skildrar studien att flest tidningsartiklar beskriver orsaker till mäns våld mot kvinnor med ett strukturellt perspektiv. Endast en av alla inkluderade tidningsartiklar beskriver mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer genom den socioekologiska modellens alla fyra perspektiv. Modellen som i enlighet med Socialstyrelsen är av stor vikt för att få en helhetsbeskrivning av mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer.
The aim of this study was to investigate how articles from two well-known Swedish evening newspapers describe the violence that men use against women in close relationships. Furthermore, the study examined which causal explanations the newspaper articles use in the descriptions of the violence. This is done through a qualitative text analysis of newspaper articles' descriptions of violence. The results of the study have been thematized with a theoretical approach through the socio-ecological model and the National Board of Health and Welfare's definition of violence in close relationships. The media has proven to play a significant role in helping people understand social issues as what is described in the media often becomes people's reality. Therefore, it is important that the media provide a fair and correct picture of the large and widespread phenomenon that violence in close relationships constitutes. The results show that physical violence is the most described violence of newspaper articles. Furthermore, most causes of men's violence against women are described by newspaper articles with a structural perspective. Only one of all included newspaper articles describes men's violence against women in close relationships through all four perspectives of the socioecological model. The model which, in accordance with the National Board of Health and Welfare, is of great importance for obtaining a comprehensive description of men's violence against women in close relationships.
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Schruff, Tobias [Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Schüttrumpf, and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Rüde. "Taking a closer look at the causes and impacts of fine sediment infiltration into gravel beds : development and application of an extended theory of fine sediment infiltration based on grain scale numerical simulations / Tobias Schruff ; Holger Schüttrumpf, Ulrich Rüde." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1187683604/34.

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Lin, Chih-chung, and 林志忠. "Earth pressure transfer and change of lining stress caused by closure of tail voids during shield tunnelling." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07232472254060073567.

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碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系
86
Shield tunnelling has become more and more widely used for constructing subways in soft soils to reduce interference with surface traffic during construction in Taiwan. Tunnelling is entirely a gravity problem, therefore, it is appropriate to solve the problems with the centrifuge model tests. In this study, a series of centrifuge single and twin tunnel models in soft soils are used to examine the circumferential earth pressure transfer around a tunnel and change of lining stresses during closure of tail voids. The impact on the liner stresses of the existed tunnel due to new tunnelling nearby was discussed in detail as well.The tested soil beds were consolidated in a rectangular consolidometer. After shaping the soil bed, five pore water pressure transducers (PPTs) were instrumented at the selected positions and a row of nine linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) were placed on the surface and along the model centerline, respectively. A row of marked spaghetti was implanted along the center of the model to monitor the soil movement. Test package was re-consolidated in a gravity of 100 g. Then a horizontal hole of 6 cm in diameter was carefully cut and lined with a negligible stiffness rubber bag in the floor. A model liner of 5.5 cm in diameter instrumented with eight strain gages on the inner surface to measure the bending strain of the liner was put inside the rubber bag. Four deformation gages, made of four thin sliced strain-gaged cantilevers, were put inside the rubber bag. Therefore, the deformations of the crown, invert, and two sidewalls of a tunnel can be measured during the subsequent tests. The tunnel model tested in a centrifugal gravity field of 100 g can model a prototype tunnel 5.5 m in diameter with a tail voids of 20 cm. The package was placed back onto the platform again and an air pressure line was then connected to the rubber bag. Centrifuge acceleration was increased to 100 g in a 5 g increment. At each increment the air pressure in the rubber bag was cautiously regulated to serve as a support pressure for the tunnel so that no surface settlement occurred. The model was left rotating at 100 g for about 10 minutes. The tail voids closures test was performed by means of reducing the air pressure to zero at an increment of 10 kPa per 30 seconds. Then the surrounding soil gradually moved inward the tunnel and press onto the liner. The bending strain on the liner, pore water pressures at the selected positions, deformations at the crown, invert, and two sidewalls and the surface settlements were continuously recorded. After completing the test and removing the test package from the platform, a new tunnel 6 cm in diameter which was 9 cm away from the center of the existed tunnel (d/D=1.5) was driven. The second rubber bag and the second liner were then put into the new tunnel. The test package was ready to another rotation of 100 g. The same test procedure as the first closure test was repeated to investigate the interaction of the new driving tunnel and the nearby existed tunnel due to the closure of tail voids of the new tunnel. The pore water pressures, the surface settlements, the deformations of tunnel walls for both the new driving and the existed tunnel, and the bending strain of the liner on the existed tunnel were simultaneously measured. After centrifuge flying stopped, the soil bed was immediately excavated to expose the spaghetti. The deformation patterns of the soil around the tunnels were plotted. As a result of the closure of tail voids for a single tunnel, the surface settlement trough and the moment distribution on the liner may be symmetrical to the vertical tunnel axis. The arching effect surrounding a deeper tunnel is more remarkable than that surrounding in a shallow one. The weight of the soil above the tunnel, therefore, transfers to the place farther away the tunnel center for a deeper tunnel. The moment distributions of the liner in a deeper tunnel differ much from that in a shallower one because the lateral earth pressures on the liners for the tunnels embedded at different depths are different. The arching effect due to the closure of tail voids on the new tunnel nearby an existed tunnel induces more unsymmetrical earth pressures and larger bending moments on the liner of the existed tunnel even results in collapse of the existed tunnel liner. The closure of tail voids in the new driving tunnel inevitably causes movements of the existed tunnel. If these movements become excessive, they will damage the facilities in the tunnel. The deeper a tunnel, the larger bending moment its liner subjects to. Therefore, the deeper new driving tunnel has a much impact on the existed tunnel.
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Books on the topic "Causal closure"

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Bishop, Robert C., and Harald Atmanspacher. The Causal Closure of Physics and Free Will. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399691.003.0005.

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Papineau, David. The Causal Closure of the Physical and Naturalism. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199262618.003.0003.

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Weslake, Brad. Difference-making, Closure, and Exclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746911.003.0011.

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This chapter discusses Peter Menzies’ work on mental causation and the causal exclusion argument. The author shares with Menzies the conviction that an interventionist account of causation can cast new light on this complex of issues, but his view diverges from Menzies at several points, including the role of proportionality considerations in the characterization of causation. This chapter seeks to clarify the role that proportionality considerations should play in the interventionist account of causation. The author develops a number of arguments for the claim that proportionality considerations belong not in the theory of causation but rather in the theory of explanatory value. These arguments help to situate the approach to mental causation favoured by Menzies in relation to the interventionist account of causation.
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Robb, David. Could Mental Causation be Invisible? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796299.003.0011.

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E. J. Lowe proposed a model of mental causation on which mental events are emergent, thus exerting a novel, downward causal influence on physical events. Yet on Lowe’s model, mental causation is at the same time empirically undetectable, and in this sense is ‘invisible’. Lowe’s model is ingenious, but I don’t think emergentists should welcome it, for it seems to me that a primary virtue of emergentism is its bold empirical prediction about the long-term results of human physiology. Here I’ll try to restore emergentism’s empirical status, but my broader aim is to use Lowe’s model to explore some central topics in the mental causation debate, including the ‘causal closure’ of the physical world and the nature of causal powers.
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Gordon, Bruce L. The Necessity of Sufficiency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842215.003.0026.

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There is an argument for the existence of God from the incompleteness of nature that is vaguely present in Plantinga’s recent work. This argument, which rests on the metaphysical implications of quantum physics and the philosophical deficiency of necessitarian conceptions of physical law, deserves to be given a clear formulation. The goal is to demonstrate, via a suitably articulated principle of sufficient reason, that divine action in an occasionalist mode is needed (and hence God’s existence is required) to bring causal closure to nature and render it ontologically functional. The best explanation for quantum phenomena and the most adequate understanding of general providence turns out to rest on an ontic structural realism in physics that is grounded in the immaterialist metaphysics of theistic idealism.
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Choi, Tina Young. Victorian Contingencies. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503629288.001.0001.

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Contingency is not just a feature of modern politics, finance, and culture—by thinking contingently, nineteenth-century Britons rewrote familiar narratives and upended forgone conclusions. This book shows how scientists, novelists, and consumers engaged in new formal and material experiments with cause and effect, past and present, that actively undermined routine certainties. The book traces contingency across a wide range of materials and media, from newspaper advertisements and children's stories to well-known novels, scientific discoveries, technological innovations. It shows how Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin reinvented geological and natural histories as spaces for temporal and causal experimentation, while the nascent insurance industry influenced Charles Babbage's computational designs for a machine capable of responding to a contingent future. The book pairs novelists George Eliot and Lewis Carroll with physicist James Clerk Maxwell, demonstrating how they introduced possibility and probability into once-assured literary and scientific narratives. And it explores the popular board games and pre-cinematic visual entertainments that encouraged Victorians to navigate a world made newly uncertain. By locating contingency within these cultural contexts, the book invites a deep and multidisciplinary reassessment of the longer histories of causality, closure, and chance.
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Measuring attributions in close relationships: An extension of the causal dimension scale. 1988.

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Buehner, Marc J. Space, Time, and Causality. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.29.

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This chapter explores how the understanding of causality relates to the understanding of space and time. Traditionally, spatiotemporal contiguity is regarded as a cue toward causality. While concurring with this view, this chapter also reviews some boundary conditions of this approach. Moreover, temporal information goes beyond merely helping to identify causal relations; it also shapes the types of causal inferences that reasoners draw. Recent developments further show that the relation between time and causality is bi-directional: not only does temporal information shape and guide causal inferences, but once one holds a causal belief, one’s perception of time and space is distorted such that cause and effect appear closer in space-time. Spatiotemporal contiguity thus supports causal beliefs, which in turn foster impressions of contiguity.
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Hoang, Jimmy, and Samuel David Yanofsky. Neural Tube Defects. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0025.

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Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital abnormalities that arise from the neural tube failing to close. These defects can affect the brain, spine, or spinal cord and generally happen within the first month of pregnancy. Cranial dysraphism is failure of cranial neural tube closure and includes anencephaly and encephalocele. Spinal dysraphism is failure of caudal neuropore closure and includes spina bifida cystica and occulta. Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida cystica where the membranous sac containing neural tissue protrudes through an opening in the back. It is the most common NTD and considered a surgical emergency due to the increased risk for infection, further neurologic damage, and dehydration. Advancements in medicine have allowed for the possibility of early diagnosis and even in utero surgical intervention. This chapter focuses more exclusively on the approach and management of myelomeningocele.
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Dalal, Priti G., and Shannon M. Grap. Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0006.

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The ductus arteriosus has a significant role in the fetal circulation connecting the main pulmonary artery to the aorta. Normally, after birth, it functionally closes within few hours but complete obliteration occurs at 2 to 3 weeks of age. Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close leads to the condition patent ductus arteriosus. This may be an isolated condition or associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies. Untreated patent ductus arteriosus may be a cause for failure to thrive and pose a risk for infective endocarditis. Management may include pharmacotherapy, nonsurgical closure, and surgical closure. Nonsurgical closure entails using the transcatheter technique. The surgical correction, via a left thoracotomy incision, may be done in the neonatal intensive care unit as a bedside procedure or in the operating room. The anesthetic management is challenging and may depend on the type of intervention.
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Book chapters on the topic "Causal closure"

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Mossio, Matteo. "Closure, Causal." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 415–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_54.

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Adsul, Bharat, Madhavan Mukund, K. Narayan Kumar, and Vasumathi Narayanan. "Causal Closure for MSC Languages." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 335–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11590156_27.

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Kineman, John J., and Carol A. Wessman. "Relational Systems Ecology: Holistic Ecology and Causal Closure." In Handbook of Systems Sciences, 815–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5_78.

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Kineman, John J., and Carol A. Wessman. "Relational Systems Ecology: Holistic Ecology and Causal Closure." In Handbook of Systems Sciences, 1–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0370-8_78-1.

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Kineman, John J., and Carol A. Wessman. "Relational Systems Ecology: Holistic Ecology and Causal Closure." In Handbook of Systems Sciences, 1–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0370-8_78-2.

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García-Valdecasas, Miguel. "Does the Principle of Causal Closure Account for Natural Teleology?" In Biology and Subjectivity, 77–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30502-8_6.

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Favaretti Camposampiero, Matteo. "The Direction of Motion: Occasionalism and Causal Closure from Descartes to Leibniz." In Occasionalism, 195–219. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.descartes-eb.5.114994.

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Seifert, Christian, Sascha Trostorff, and Marcus Waurick. "Non-Autonomous Evolutionary Equations." In Evolutionary Equations, 259–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89397-2_16.

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AbstractPreviously, we focussed on evolutionary equations of the form $$\displaystyle \left (\overline {\partial _{t,\nu }M(\partial _{t,\nu })+A}\right )U=F. $$ ∂ t , ν M ( ∂ t , ν ) + A ¯ U = F . In this chapter, where we turn back to well-posedness issues, we replace the material law operator M(∂t,ν), which is invariant under translations in time, by an operator of the form $$\displaystyle \mathcal {M}+\partial _{t,\nu }^{-1}\mathcal {N}, $$ ℳ + ∂ t , ν − 1 N , where both $$\mathcal {M}$$ ℳ and $$\mathcal {N}$$ N are bounded linear operators in $$L_{2,\nu }(\mathbb {R};H)$$ L 2 , ν ( ℝ ; H ) . Thus, it is the aim in the following to provide criteria on $$\mathcal {M}$$ ℳ and $$\mathcal {N}$$ N under which the operator $$\displaystyle \partial _{t,\nu }\mathcal {M}+\mathcal {N}+A $$ ∂ t , ν ℳ + N + A is closable with continuous invertible closure in $$L_{2,\nu }(\mathbb {R};H)$$ L 2 , ν ( ℝ ; H ) . In passing, we shall also replace the skew-selfadjointness of A by a suitable real part condition. Under additional conditions on $$\mathcal {M}$$ ℳ and $$\mathcal {N}$$ N , we will also see that the solution operator is causal. Finally, we will put the autonomous version of Picard’s theorem into perspective of the non-autonomous variant developed here.
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Krebs, David. "Environmental Due Diligence Obligations in Home State Law with Regard to Transnational Value Chains." In Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm, 245–350. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13264-3_7.

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AbstractThe following chapter takes a closer look at transboundary environmental harm caused by business operations in the context of transnational value chains. Here, the transboundary character does not necessarily result from the environmental harm’s course but rather from transboundary economic causal links via transnational value chains. Consequently, the situations considered in this chapter are generally those categorised as one of the ‘type-two cases’ detailed in the previous chapter.
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Barth, James R., Carl D. Hudson, and John S. Jahera. "S&L Closures and Survivors: Are there Systematic Differences in Behavior?" In The Causes and Costs of Depository Institution Failures, 9–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0663-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Causal closure"

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Lee, Chanyoung, Joan T. Richtsmeier, and Reuben H. Kraft. "A Multiscale Computational Model for the Growth of the Cranial Vault in Craniosynostosis." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38728.

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Craniosynostosis is a condition defined by premature closure of cranial vault sutures, which is associated with abnormalities of the brain and skull. Many causal relationships between discovered mutations and premature suture closure have been proposed but an understanding of the precise mechanisms remains elusive. This article describes a computational framework of biological processes underlying cranial growth that will enable a hypothesis driven investigation of craniosynostosis phenotypes using reaction-diffusion-advection methods and the finite element method. Primary centers of ossification in cranial vault are identified using an activator-substrate model that represents the behavior of key molecules for bone formation. Biomechanical effects due to the interaction between growing bone and soft tissue is investigated to elucidate the mechanism of growth of cranial vault.
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Marchiori, Julia Gabriela Oliveira, Jennyfer Paulla Galdino Chaves, Maria Cecilia Closs Ono, and Adriana Keijiro Maeda. "Trigonocephaly associated with myelomeningocele in infant: Case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.040.

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Context: Trigonocephaly is a type of craniostenosis due to the early closure of the metopic suture. His diagnosis is eminently clinical, but imaging tests are essential. The recommended treatment is surgical and should preferably be performed at the age of 3 to 9 months. Association between craniosynostosis and neural tube defect (NTDs) is rare and was sometimes considered as mere coincidence. However, Martinez-Lage et al. hypothesize that there is a causal relationship between these malformations since myelomeningocele reduces intracranial pulse pressure, which stimulates the early closure of cranial sutures. For Graham et al. the restriction of fetal movements in NTD carriers predisposes to craniosynostosis, as they are likely to keep the skull fixed against the mother’s pelvic bones. Case report: Male patient, 11 months, with West Syndrome. He congenitally presented myelomeningocele, and this deformity was corrected on his first day of life. He subsequently developed a keel-shaped forehead, protrusion of metopic suture, and hypertelorism. The diagnosis of trigonocephaly was ratified by computed tomography of the skull with three-dimensional reconstruction. Surgery was performed at 11 months. The access chosen was coronal and there was a wide exposure of the calvarium. Then all the metopic suture was removed through a bifrontal craniotomy, which allowed the remodeling of the frontal bone. Conclusions: It is necessary to make a diagnosis and early treatment of both comorbidities since delays in the conduct can result in disastrous consequences. In addition, there is a need to conduct more research to elucidate the interrelationship between craniosynostosis and NTD.
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Rahman, Ashfaqur, Claire D'Este, and John McCulloch. "Ensemble Feature Ranking for Shellfish Farm Closure Cause Identification." In Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2542652.2542655.

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Tai, Cheng-feng, David Halpern, and James B. Grotberg. "Two Layer Fluid Stress Analysis During Airway Closure." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19375.

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There are several mechanisms which may cause airway closure in the lung. In this paper, we focus on airway closure due to the capillary instability [1]. In Gauglitz and Radke’s study [2], they showed that once the ratio of film thickness to tube radius is larger than 0.12, airway closure could occur. The induced interfacial deformation creates a driving pressure which forces more liquid into a growing bulge. The interface will then deform rapidly towards the end of the closure process due to the presence of large curvatures, which create strong driving pressures and will eventually lead to the formation of a liquid plug. Due to the velocity and pressure gradients in the liquid film caused by the instability, stresses, including normal and shear stresses on the airway wall, will be induced. The epithelial cells on the inner wall of the airway may be injured by these induced stresses. The purpose of this study is to measure the stresses on airway numerically and determine if the magnitude of the stresses are sufficient to injure the epithelial cells.
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Zazovsky, A., E. V. Tetenov, K. S. Zaki, and W. D. Norman. "Pressure Pulse Generated by Valve Closure: Can It Cause Damage?" In SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168191-ms.

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Smith, Allen C., and Lawrence F. Gelder. "Drop Tests for the 6M Specification Package Closure Investigation." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2789.

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Results of tests of drum-type RAM packages employing conventional clamp-ring closures have caused concern over the DOT 6M Specification Package. To clarify these issues, a series of tests were performed to determine the response of the clamp-ring closure to the regulatory Hypothetical Accident Condition (9m) drop test for packages at maximum allowable weight. Three enhanced closure designs were also tested: the Clamshell, plywood disk reinforcement, and J-Clip. The results of the tests showed that the standard closure was unable to retain the lid for both Center-of-Gravity-Over-Corner and Shallow Angle cases for the standard package at its maximum allowed weight. Similar results were found for packages dropped from a reduced height. The Clamshell design provided the best performance of the enhanced closures.
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Davies, William, Malima Wolf, Michael Barry, Sean O’Hern, and Tim Morse. "The Effect of Valve Closure Time on Water Hammer." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71153.

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Abstract Water hammer is a phenomenon that can cause failure in many different fluid systems, including residential water systems, municipal water distribution systems, oil and gas applications, power plants, and chemical processing systems. By understanding the magnitude of the pressure increase that may develop as a result of different system operating conditions, an engineer can better assess the risks of failure and/or the causes of a failure that has already occurred. In this study, an experimental setup at the scale of a residential water system is used to measure the pressure rise generated when varying the fluid velocity and duration of valve closure time. Comparisons are made between the measured pressure values and the estimated pressure values from existing classical models on fluid velocity and valve closure time with respect to water hammer. While the underlying trends of the classical theory are observed in the experiments, a discussion of the notable deviations from theory is presented, along with other considerations that are relevant to measurements in a specific physical system. This study also provides a comparison between the measured results and the standards and methods that are commonly relied upon for certification of plumbing fixtures as required by building codes such as the International Plumbing Code or Uniform Plumbing Code.
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Wang, Zhipeng, Zhengfu Ning, Wenting Guo, Qidi Cheng, Wuchao Wang, Gexuan Li, and Yang Wang. "A Semi-Analytical Model for Water Injection Wells in Tight Reservoir Considering the Multi-Dynamic Closure Phenomenon- Case Studies in X Oilfield, China." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210450-ms.

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Abstract It is well known that waterflooding will induce fractures. The extensive direction, length, and conductivity of the induced fractures will largely determine the performance of producing wells. The quantitative characterization of the fractures can help prevent water breakthrough in time. This paper proposes the waterflooding-induced dynamic fracture model (WIDF) to monitor the fracture half-length at any time and extend the stable production period. The rock mechanics principles are applied to characterize the dynamic extension and closure of fractures during water injection and build-up periods. The model was solved using the point source function approach. The phenomenon of multi-dynamic closure causes the fluid to be squeezed several times, creating a storage effect and a non-constant conductivity within the fracture. Experimental results show that the conductivity of water injection-induced fracture follows an exponential function. Finally, Duhamel's principle was used to couple the pressure response of the wellbore and the fracture. The field case is shown in the paper to verify the accuracy and practicality of the WIDF model. Multi-peak appears in the pressure derivative curves. The actual data match well, and the parameter values obtained are close to the actual values. However, the conventional finite-conductivity model treats pressure response data with multiple peaks as incorrect values. This behavior will result in the length of dynamic closed fracture being ignored and the interpreted fracture half-length being smaller than the actual value. Misidentification of fracture lengths will affect the determination of reasonable injection volumes and even cause producing water early, which can severely impact the performance of production wells. The storage effect caused by multiple dynamic fracture closures reasonably explains the significant storage effect obtained by the conventional model. The WIDF model enables researchers can monitor induced fracture half-length at any time, allowing them to take measures in time. The model has been successfully applied to the X oilfield in China and has significantly improved the performance of injection wells and increased the stable production period of production wells. The fluid compressed by dynamic fractures reasonably explains the significant storage effect in injection wells. The identification and interpretation of multiple dynamic fracture closure phenomenon make us obtain more accurate fracture half-length parameters, which monitors and suppresses the occurrence of water breakthrough effectively and help researchers take measures to increase the stable production period of production wells.
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Seuthe, Inga Marte Charlott, Jonas Jae Hyun Park, and S. Eichhorn. "Endoluminal VAC (vacuum-assisted closure)- therapy for a radiogenically caused pharyngeal-prevertebral fistula." In 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC: WO KOMMEN WIR HER? WO STEHEN WIR? WO GEHEN WIR HIN? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727611.

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Ahmadian, Sara, and Shahrzad Haddadan. "A theoretical analysis of graph evolution caused by triadic closure and algorithmic implications." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata50022.2020.9378434.

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Reports on the topic "Causal closure"

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Petrello, Jaclyn. Final Post-Closure Inspection Letter Report for CAUs on the Nevada National Security Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253347.

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González Díez, L., T. Birkner, B. Puebla Martínez, and P. Pérez Cuadrado. Newspaper design as a fundamental element of the tabloid press. An analysis of the causes of the closure of Claro newspaper. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2015-1075en.

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Sims, Kate. Lessons Learned from Education Initiatives Implemented During the First Wave of COVID-19: A Literature Review. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.134.

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It is important to assume that the learning crisis caused by COVID-19 is not over. As highlighted by 2021 school closures in response to the Delta variant, lessons learned from school closures in 2020 are required and applicable. There is therefore a need for reflection and a consolidation of lessons learned to protect education outcomes. Lessons include the need for parental engagement and support, the mobilisation of community actors, and inclusive and accessible remote learning approaches (Kapur, 2020, p. 38). This literature review seeks to better understand what worked and what did not work in education interventions during the first wave of COVID-19, in order to support planning on current and future school closures and/or disruptions to education systems. It focuses on three key areas: 1. Support to teachers to continue teaching during school closures, and the role of teachers in supporting marginalised learners; 2. Approaches to ensure the continuation of learning; and 3. Approaches to reach the most marginalised learners.
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Tremaine, Robert L., and Donna J. Kinnear-Seligman. The Challenges in Meeting OSD's Obligation and Expenditure Rate Goals: A Closer Look at Potential Causal Factors, Their Groupings, and How They Modulate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada591304.

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Nietschke, Yung, Anna Dabrowski, Maya Conway, and Chaula Pradhika. COVID-19 Education Response Mapping Study: Building Resilience in Lao PDR: Readiness, Response, and Recovery. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-703-8.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has caused unprecedented levels of disruption to education systems worldwide. Across the Asia region, it is estimated that around 760 million children were impacted by school closures at the height of the pandemic. Government response strategies have varied across the region, with some countries imposing prolonged school lockdowns while others have had short, repeated closure periods. As countries begin to reopen schools and continue to prepare for subsequent waves of COVID 19 infection, there is a need to develop the greater capability of education systems to safeguard learning and address persistent barriers to learning equality by harnessing the opportunities for systemic change. However, school-based practices and responses that have been effective in supporting the continuity of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to be well examined, particularly in Asia. This report presents the findings of a document review focused on the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This report forms part of a broader study that aims to explore the system and school-level practices that have supported learning continuity in Asia during the pandemic. The report will focus on the practices of policymakers that have the potential to support teaching and learning. Rather than comparing the responses of countries in Asia, this study will identify areas of opportunity and innovations in the system and school policies and programs in Lao PDR and make recommendations for those working to support Lao PDR’s education system.
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Dabrowski, Anna, Maya Conway, Yung Nietschke, Amy Berry, and Chaula Pradhika. COVID-19 Education Response Mapping Study: Building resilience in the Philippines: Readiness, response, and recovery. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-704-5.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has caused unprecedented levels of disruption to education systems worldwide. Across the Asia region, it is estimated that around 760 million children were impacted by school closures at the height of the pandemic. Government response strategies have varied across the region, with some countries imposing prolonged school lockdowns while others have had short, repeated closure periods. As countries begin to reopen schools and prepare for subsequent waves of COVID-19 infection, there is a need to develop a higher capability of education systems to safeguard learning and address persistent barriers to learning equality by harnessing the opportunities for systemic change. However, school-based practices and responses that have effectively supported learning continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to be well examined, particularly in Asia. This report presents the research findings undertaken in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. This report forms part of a broader study that explores the system and school-level practices that have supported learning continuity in Asia during the pandemic. The study will focus on the policymaker practices that supported teaching and learning and consider ways school leaders, teachers, and parents have worked to support children during periods of disruption. Rather than comparing the responses of Asia countries, this study will highlight innovations in the system and school policies and programs in the Philippines and make recommendations based on insights from the Philippines’ education system. The study will focus on the school system and participants that support students in the Philippines but will not include students themselves.
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Jerry Bonn. Safer Work Plan for CAUs 452, 454, 456, and 464 Closure of Historical UST Release Sites Nevada Test Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8259.

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Matthews, Patrick, and Juan Alvarado. Submittal of Final Post-Closure Inspection Letter Report for Corrective Action Units (CAUs) on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1440249.

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Matthews, Patrick. Final post-closure inspection letter report for corrective action units (CAUs) on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), May 2017. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1360941.

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Nietschke, Yung, Anna Dabrowski, Maya Conway, and Chaula Pradhika. COVID-19 Education Response Mapping Study: Building Resilience in the Kyrgyz Republic: Readiness, Response, and Recovery. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-702-1.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has caused unprecedented levels of disruption to education systems worldwide. Across the Asia region, it is estimated that around 760 million children were impacted by school closures at the height of the pandemic. Government response strategies have varied across the region, with some countries imposing prolonged school lockdowns while others have had short, repeated closure periods. As countries begin to reopen schools and continue to prepare for subsequent waves of COVID-19 infection, there is a need to develop the greater capability of education systems to safeguard learning and address persistent barriers to learning equality by harnessing the opportunities for systemic change. However, school-based practices and responses that have been effective in supporting the continuity of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to be well examined, particularly in Asia. While the system and school structures are a crucial component of educational quality, understanding what happens in a school setting can offer meaningful insights into overcoming barriers to educational quality as education systems recover and rebuild from the pandemic. This report presents the findings of research undertaken in the Kyrgyz Republic, Central Asia. It forms part of a broader study that aims to explore the system and school-level practices that have supported learning continuity in Asia during the pandemic. The study will focus on the practices of policymakers that have supported teaching and learning and consider ways in which school leaders, teachers, and parents have worked to support children during periods of disruption. Rather than comparing the responses of countries in Asia, this study will highlight innovations in the system and school policies and programs in the Kyrgyz Republic and make recommendations based on insights from the Kyrgyz Republic’s education system. The study will focus on the system and school participants that support students in the Kyrgyz Republic but will not include students themselves.
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