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Books on the topic 'Causal graphs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yao, Qing. Directed acyclic graphs, linear recursive regression, and inference about causal ordering. University of Toronto, Dept. of Statistics, 1993.

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2

Isakov, Vladimir. Speak the language of schemes. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860649.

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Schematization and visualization are the necessary means to ensure the activity of a modern specialist. Schematization allows you to highlight the main thing in an object, to discover its constituent elements, to show their relationship, gives impetus to the construction of conceptual approaches. Visualization "dresses" schematic concepts in a bright, expressive artistic and graphic form. The handbook provides descriptions of the most popular means of analytical graphics - maps, graphs, tables, graphs, diagrams, flowcharts (algorithms), chronolents, maps, methodological schemes, etc. The ways

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3

Ruiz, Dana Catharine De. La Causa: The Migrant Farmworkers' Story. Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1993.

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4

Murray, Myles N. William Murray, Esq.: Land agent in the Illinois Territory before the Revolutionary War. T. Gaus, 1987.

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5

Ghere, David L. Causes of the American Revolution: Focus on Boston : a unit of study for grades 7-12 / David L. Ghere, Jan F. Spreeman. Organization of American Historians : National Center for History in the Schools, 1998.

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6

Ghere, David L. Causes of the American Revolution: Focus on Boston : a unit of study for grades 7-12 / David L. Ghere, Jan F. Spreeman. Organization of American Historians : National Center for History in the Schools, 1998.

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7

Moneysmith, Marie. Grasas que engordan, grasas que curan: Conozca la diferencia entre las grasas que le hacen bien y las que le pueden causar enfermedades. Panorama Editorial, 2008.

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8

Sarmiento, Laura Judith Sandoval. Cuadernos tipográficos: Estudios y prácticas en torno a la tipografía en el suroccidente colombiano 2014-2016. Editorial Universidad del Cauca, 2017.

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9

Varlamov, Oleg. Mivar databases and rules. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1508665.

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The multidimensional open epistemological active network MOGAN is the basis for the transition to a qualitatively new level of creating logical artificial intelligence. Mivar databases and rules became the foundation for the creation of MOGAN. The results of the analysis and generalization of data representation structures of various data models are presented: from relational to "Entity — Relationship" (ER-model). On the basis of this generalization, a new model of data and rules is created: the mivar information space "Thing-Property-Relation". The logic-computational processing of data in th

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10

Boller, David. Die letzten Tage der Menschheit: Eine Graphic Novel nach Karl Kraus. Edited by Pietsch Reinhard adapter editor and Kraus Karl 1874-1936. Herbert Utz Verlag GmbH, 2014.

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11

Burgan, Michael. The Boston Massacre. Capstone Press, 2006.

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12

Contributions to the theory of causal directed acyclic graphs. 2006.

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13

Woodward, James. Causation in Science. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.8.

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This article discusses some philosophical theories of causation and their application to several areas of science. Topics addressed include regularity, counterfactual, and causal process theories of causation; the causal interpretation of structural equation models and directed graphs; independence assumptions in causal reasoning; and the role of causal concepts in physics. In connection with this last topic, this article focuses on the relationship between causal asymmetries, the time-reversal invariance of most fundamental physical laws, and the significance of differences among varieties of

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14

Woodward, James. Causation in Science. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.8_update_001.

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This article discusses some philosophical theories of causation and their application to several areas of science. Topics addressed include regularity, counterfactual, and causal process theories of causation; the causal interpretation of structural equation models and directed graphs; independence assumptions in causal reasoning; and the role of causal concepts in physics. In connection with this last topic, this article focuses on the relationship between causal asymmetries, the time-reversal invariance of most fundamental physical laws, and the significance of differences among varieties of

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15

Jansson, Lina. When are Structural Equation Models Apt? Causation versus Grounding. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777946.003.0013.

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While much about the notion of ground in contemporary metaphysics is contested, there is large agreement that ground is closely connected to a certain kind of explanation. Recently, Jonathan Schaffer and Alastair Wilson have argued that ground is a relation that is very closely related to causation and that grounding explanations should be given an account in broadly interventionist terms through the use of structural equations and directed graphs. Such an approach offers the potential benefit of a largely unified framework for explanations with different relations, or different species of the

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16

Placencia López, Bárbara Miladys, Fernanda Vanessa Alcívar Macías, José Aníbal Sánchez Saltos, et al. Covid 19. Mawil Publicaciones de Ecuador, 2022, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/978-9942-602-37-4.

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El siglo XXI se ha caracterizado desde sus inicios por una problemática de salud que ha afectado al mundo, que va desde un incremento de la resistencia microbiana, aumento de las enfermedades oncológicas hasta la aparición de nuevas enfermedades infecciosas emergentes y reemergentes, como ha sido la aparición de la COVID-19 a finales del pasado año. Los coronavirus son una extensa familia de virus que pueden causar enfermedades tanto en animales como en humanos. En los humanos, se sabe que varios coronavirus causan infecciones respiratorias que pueden ir desde el resfriado común hasta enfermed

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17

Shaibani, Aziz. Fatigability. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0025.

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Undue fatigability is common in neuromuscular clinics, but nonneuromuscular causes are much more common than neuromuscular causes. Generalized fatigue is commonly caused by anemia, hypothyroidism, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), uremia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other diseases. Physiological fatigue is accentuated by neuromuscular disorders. Most strikingly, myasthenia gravis (MG) causes undue fatigue of the ocular, chewing, swallowing, and breathing muscles. However, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), myopathies, and motor neuropa

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18

Shaibani, Aziz. Distal Arm Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0015.

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Distal arm weakness may be caused by involvement of the intrinsic hand muscles (interossi, thenar and hypothenar muscles, lumbricals) or extrinsic hands muscles (long fingers flexors and extensors). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is typical of the former type, and inclusion body myositis (IBM) is typical for the later type. Incoordination of skilled finger movement due to cerebellar disease is associated with normal strength. Poor mobility due to joint pain and swelling should not be confused with muscle weakness. Mononeuropathies such as ulnar, radial, median, and anterior interosseus ne

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19

Shaibani, Aziz. Fatigability. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0025.

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Undue fatigability is common in neuromuscular clinics but non-neuromuscular causes are much more common than neuromuscular causes. Generalized fatigue is commonly caused by anemia, hypothyroidism, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, uremia, COPD, etc. Physiological fatigue is accentuated by neuromuscular disorders. Most strikingly, myasthenia gravis causes undue fatigue of the ocular, chewing, swallowing, and breathing muscles. However, ALS, myopathies, and motor neuropathies are also associated with abnormal fatigue. Myasthenia rarely causes isolated fatigue. Examin

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20

Shaibani, Aziz. Ptosis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0002.

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A droopy eyelid is a common problem. Causes may range from simple and non-progressive disorders such as congenital ptosis to progressive multisystemic disorders such as mitochondrial disease. Myasthenia gravis is a very important and treatable cause of ptosis that should always be considered in the differential diagnosis. Apraxia of eyelid opening can be confused with ptosis or blepharospasm, leading to delay of the diagnosis. Horner’s syndrome has different causes and management. Knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the eyelids is crucial for understanding the pathological processes tha

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21

Shaibani, Aziz. Ptosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0002.

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Having droopy eyelids is a common problem. Causes may range from disorders that are simple and not progressive, such as congenital ptosis, to progressive, multisystemic disorders, such as mitochondrial disease. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a very significant and treatable cause of ptosis that should always be part of the differential diagnosis. Apraxia of the eyelid opening can be confused with ptosis or blepharospasm, leading to a delay in reaching the correct diagnosis. Horner’s syndrome has different causes and management approaches. Knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the eyelids is cr

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22

Sher, George. Three Grades of Social Involvement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660413.003.0005.

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Communitarians argue that because selves are profoundly influenced by culture, history, and tradition, they are too compromised by society to be morally basic. This chapter asks what this claim means and whether it is true. To find out, it discusses (1) society’s causal influence on people’s aims and attitudes and (2) the fact that many aims and attitudes presuppose a highly specific cultural, legal, and historical background. It also discusses the suggestion that (3) truly autonomous selves would be featureless centers of volition. It concludes that the individual’s moral primacy is undefeate

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23

Johnson, Claudia Durst. Understanding The Grapes of Wrath. Greenwood, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216029885.

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WhenThe Grapes of Wrathwas published in 1939, it had an explosive effect on the public, calling attention to the problems of migrant farm workers during the Great Depression. This casebook provides a rich source of primary materials on the period and the plight of the migrant farm worker that brings to life the problems Steinbeck immortalized in the novel. Included are interviews with eyewitnesses to the Dust Bowl, firsthand accounts and investigative reports of the causes and effects of the Great Depression, letters to Eleanor Roosevelt and Labor Secretary Frances Perkins, diaries and autobio

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24

Cutter, Mary Ann G. How Is Breast Cancer Explained? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637033.003.0003.

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The question “How is breast cancer explained?” raises a host of explanatory issues, including ones about the method we use to explain breast cancer, the etiology of breast cancer, and the extent to which our explanations of breast cancer provide clinical certainty. What we find is that, initially, it appears that medicine explains breast cancer using an empirical methodology that grants certain claims. But things are not as simple as one would initially think. Upon reflection, explanations of breast cancer are not simply empirical. Causal accounts of breast cancer are not typically modeled on

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25

Lina María Cardoso Vigueros, Lina María, Violeta Eréndira Escalante Estrada, Mercedes Esperanza Ramírez Camperos, and Ana Cecilia Tomasini Ortiz. Guía para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales porcinas. Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/b-imta-2021-01.

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Yucatán es el quinto estado más importante de la república en la cría de cer¬dos (Montero, 2015) y, por sus características ambientales, territoriales y so¬cioeconómicas, es muy competitivo en este rubro dentro y fuera del país. Sin embargo, las granjas porcícolas son la causa de graves problemas ambientales, como la contaminación del agua subterránea (Drucker et al., 2007; Cheng et al., 2020); la contaminación de la atmósfera (Radon et al., 2007; Wing et al., 2008; Loftus et al., 2015); la degradación del suelo (Aguilar et al., 2011); e incluso da¬ños a la salud humana (Borlée et al., 2015; S

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26

Yandell, Keith E. Hume’s Natural History of Religion. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.27.

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Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, Dialogues 1–11 discuss religion’s foundation in human reason. Dialogue 12, in which Philo. the relentless opponent of pro-theistic arguments, makes his “confession” that he embraces natural religion; namely, the view that the cause or causes of order in nature bear some remote analogy to human intelligence. Hume’s Natural History of Religion, although published earlier than the posthumous Dialogues, is, in effect, a second volume to them. It presents a complex naturalistic explanation of religion’s origin in human nature, providing a sophisticated

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27

Shaibani, Aziz. Weakness of the Neck Muscles. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0010.

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The neck is furnished by dozens ofmuscles for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. It carries a 10-pound head at least two-thirds of every day. These muscles are under delicate central control, and they are subject to different central and peripheral malfunctions. Differential involvement of the neck flexors versus extensors helps in diagnosing different neuromuscular disorders. Weakness of the cervical extensors leads to head drop, a troubling condition that is caused by many neuromuscular disorders. Movement disorders such as cervical dystonia and Parkinson disease may also lea

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28

Shaibani, Aziz. Weakness of the Neck Muscles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0010.

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The neck is furnished by tens of muscles for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. It carries a 10-pound head for at least two-thirds of every day. These muscles are under delicate central control, and they are subject to different central and peripheral malfunctions. Differential involvement of the neck flexors’ Vs extensors helps with the diagnosis of various neuromuscular disorders. Weakness of the cervical extensors leads to head drop, a troubling condition that is caused by many neuromuscular disorders. Movement disorders such as cervical dystonia and Parkinson disease lead t

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29

Shaibani, Aziz. Ophthalmoplegia. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0004.

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Ophthalmoplegia is usually chronic and therefore diplopia is not a feature. There is enough time for the brain to suppress one image. It is amazing how much impairment of eye movement has to occur before the patient becomes concerned or considers it as abnormal. Neglected myasthenia gravis may be confused with mitochondrial ophthalmoplegia or oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy or even congenital myasthenic syndrome. Central cause of ophthalmoplegia should be ruled out first by performing doll’s eye movement. Detailed family history looking in particular for ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and dysphag

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30

Larios, Richard, and Dana Catharine De Ruiz. LA Causa: The Migrant Farmworkers' Story (Stories of America). Steck-Vaughn, 1992.

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31

Kaplan, Tamara, and Tracey Milligan. Neuromuscular Junction Disease (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0015.

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The video in this chapter explores neuromuscular junction disease. It outlines the steps in neuromuscular transmission, as well as the symptoms, causes, and treatments for Myasthenia Gravis, and Lambert Eaton Syndrome

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32

Miller, Peter, Sabah Butty, and Thomas Casciani. Percutaneous Creation of Jump Bypass in a Native Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Fistula. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0051.

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This chapter describes the experience with percutaneous creation of jump bypass grafts in nonmature and failed arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulas based on a case series of 10 patients. Percutaneous intervention has been used to salvage nonmature fistulas, dysfunctional fistulas, and grafts. Frequently, venous outflow stenosis is the major cause of arteriovenous fistula and graft failure. Long-segment stenoses and chronically occluded venous outflow stenoses are more difficult to treat percutaneously and may require surgical revision. This chapter describes an endovascular technique creating a

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33

Larios, Richard, and Dana Catharine de Ruiz. La Causa: The Migrant Farmworkers' Story (Steck-Vaughn Stories of America Series). Steck-Vaughn, 1992.

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34

Shaibani, Aziz. Diplopia. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0003.

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Diplopia is a very bothersome symptom and very often leads to early medical attention. However, some patients modify their lifestyle, wear dark glasses, prisms, or an eye patch, and only seek advice if these measures fail. A careful knowledge and examination of the extraocular muscles and their nerves from the orbit to the brainstem is crucial for the right diagnosis. Myasthenia gravis can mimic any single or combined oculomotor nerves palsy and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of diplopia. The presence of sensory symptoms or severe retro-orbital pain should prompt loo

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35

Miller, Aaron E., and Teresa M. DeAngelis. Myasthenia Gravis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199732920.003.0022.

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Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that results in loss of functional acetylcholine receptors (AChR) on the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction caused by the presence of antibodies to the AChR. In this chapter, we review the cardinal clinical findings of MG, the standard diagnostic testing including electrophysiological features, and the medical and surgical treatment recommendations.

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36

De la Fuente de Diez Canseco, Luciana, ed. El Síndrome Metabólico y el Modo USIL. Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola - Fondo Editorial, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/usil.book/9786124370717.

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Libro que trata del síndrome metabólico (SM), una enfermedad frecuente que es causa de afectaciones graves de la salud. La autora hace un recorrido por la descripción, etiología y fisiopatología de dicho mal, subrayando la relación entre la mortalidad de la COVID-19 y la obesidad como factor agravante. La investigación se presenta bajo la hipótesis general de que el programa Modo USIL mejora significativamente los niveles de triglicéridos, colesterol HDL, presión arterial, glicemia y perímetro abdominal en colaboradores con factores de riesgo del SM de la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola.

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37

Beed, Martin, Richard Sherman, and Ravi Mahajan. Neurology. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696277.003.0005.

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Decreased consciousnessSeizures and status epilepticusStroke/thromboembolic strokeIntracerebral haemorrhageSubarachnoid haemorrhageTraumatic brain injuryRaised intracranial pressureMeningitis and encephalitisAgitation/confusion/aggressionAlcohol withdrawalNeuromuscular weakness and paralysisGuillain–Barré syndromeMyasthenia gravis↓consciousness occurs in many diseases requiring admission to intensive care, and is often a cause for admission in its own right. Changes in neurological state may be related to intracranial pathology, or may occur in response to respiratory, circulatory, or metaboli

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38

Ott, Walter. Later Descartes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791713.003.0005.

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Descartes’s third model of perception is stated in the sixth Replies. This chapter explores the three ‘grades of sensory perception’ and argues that, for the first and only time in his career, Descartes here claims that we must use our awareness of color to judge the common sensibles. Descartes’s final model abandons this claim. Instead, his later works posit a purely causal explanation for the occurrence of sensations and ideas. It is still up to the mind to ‘refer’ these things to objects in the subject’s environment. This chapter concludes with an argument from Nicolas Malebranche that make

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39

Shaibani, Aziz. Dyspnea. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0009.

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The most common causes of dyspnea are not neuromuscular but rather are cardiac and pulmonary. However, dyspnea is an important and serious manifestation of many neuromuscular disorders, and it may compound an underlying pulmonary or cardiac problem. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle under the control ofperipheral nerves(phrenic nerves) and may be targeted by inflammatory neuropathies such as Guillain-Barrésyndrome(GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy(CIDP), and brachial plexitis, myopathies such as acid maltase deficiency and muscular dystrophies, and neuromuscular disorder

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40

Antioxidants: Education for Patients and the Public. Exon Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36255/antioxidants.

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Antioxidants are natural compounds that help protect the body from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that contribute to aging and various diseases. This article provides a detailed guide on antioxidants, their benefits, sources, and their role in preventing chronic illnesses. It explains how free radicals lead to oxidative stress, which can cause cell damage and increase the risk of conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. The article explores how antioxidants work by stabilizing these harmful molecules and reducing inflammation in t

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41

Shaibani, Aziz. Ophthalmoplegia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0004.

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Abstract:

Ophthalmoplegia is usually chronic, and therefore diplopia is not a feature. There is enough time for the brain to suppress one image. It is amazing how much of impairment of eye movement has to occur before the patient becomes concerned or considers it as abnormal. Neglected myasthenia gravis (MG) may be confused with mitochondrial ophthalmoplegia or oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) or even congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). Central causes of ophthalmoplegia should be ruled out first by performing doll’s eye movement. A number of cases of different types of ophthalmoplegia are pre

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42

Shaibani, Aziz. Dyspnea. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0009.

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Abstract:

The most common causes of dyspnea are not neuromuscular, but rather cardiac and pulmonary. However, dyspnea is an important and serious manifestation of many neuromuscular disorders, and it may compound an underlying pulmonary or cardiac problem. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle under the control of a peripheral nerve and may be targeted by inflammatory neuropathies such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and brachial plexitis or myopathies such as acid maltase deficiency, muscular dystrophy (MD), and neuromuscular disorders such as my

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43

Murray, E. Lee, and Veda V. Vedanarayanan. Neuromuscular Disorders. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0021.

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The hospital neurologist may encounter neuromuscular disorders as known chronic conditions that are exacerbated by a hospital stay, be the principal reason for admission, or develop during a prolonged hospitalization. This chapter details the presentation, diagnosis, and management of conditions affecting the peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junction, such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome, botulism, and tick paralysis; as well as muscular weakness from various causes such as rhabdomyolysis, critical illness neuromyopathy, inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophie

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44

Katirji, Bashar. Case 24. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0028.

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Botulism is an extremely rare neuromuscular disorder, caused by botulinum toxin which is produced by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It has several forms: classic foodborne, infantile, wound, intestinal, and iatrogenic forms. The presentation is often acute and severe but may be occasionally subacute and moderate. The diagnosis may be difficult and requires a high index of suspicion. This case presents an adult with classic foodborne botulism and highlights the clinical and electrodiagnostic findings that distinguish this disorder from other neuromuscular junction disorders inclu

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45

Manuel Serra da Cruz, Sergio, Ana Cláudia de Macêdo Vieira, Renato Cerceau, et al. Esta planta é para ver ou para comer? Cerceau, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17655/9786500152395.

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Este livro apresenta um jogo que correlaciona três temas importantes sobre plantas: as plantas alimentícias comuns (aquelas que estamos acostumados a consumir como alimentos), as plantas alimentícias não convencionais (também conhecidas como PANC) e plantas tóxicas (aquelas que podem causar problemas à saúde humana e de animais domésticos em diferentes graus). Ele foi testado com estudantes de diferentes níveis de formação durante edições da Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (SNCT) organizadas no campus Ilha do Fundão da UFRJ pela equipe do Laboratório de Farmacobotânica e teve muito suc

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46

Shaibani, Aziz. Diplopia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0003.

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Diplopia is a very bothersome symptom, which very often leads to early medical attention. However, some patients modify their lifestyle, wear dark glasses, prisms, or eye patches, and seek medical advice only if these measures fail. A careful knowledge and examination of the extraocular muscles and their nerves from the orbit to the brain stem is crucial to obtain the right diagnosis. Myasthenia gravis (MG) can mimic any single or combined oculomotor nerves palsy and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of diplopia. The presence of sensory symptoms or severe retrooribital

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47

Lambert, Heather. Urinary tract infection in infancy and childhood. Edited by Neil Sheerin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0180_update_001.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) in childhood is a common problem, which is frequently dismissed as trivial because most children with UTI have a good outcome. However, UTI is an important cause of acute illness in children and causes a considerable burden of ill health on children and families. In addition, UTI may be a marker of an underlying urinary tract abnormality. UTI in a few may cause significant long-term morbidity, renal scarring, hypertension, and renal impairment that may not present until adult life. Predicting which children will go on to have long-term sequelae remains a challenge

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Lenig, Stuart. Many Lives of Andy Warhol. Rowman & Littlefield, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881828066.

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The Many Lives of Andy Warhol is more than a biography: it’s a look into Warhol’s greatest creation: himself. Warhol was known as the king of pop art, but the famous artist was secretly never satisfied with a single style and his journey took him from graphic designs of shoes, women’s fashions and glamour magazines to owning and publishing his own film and gossip magazine, Interview. Stuart Lenig takes us behind the scenes to explore Warhol’s many innovations in the art world. Warhol was a titanic technician, making art from new techniques. His designs for Glamour and Vogue used a innovative b

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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0007.

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Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is involved in nervous system and muscle function and is essential for carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiency is common in Asia, where diets are often high in thiamine-depleted polished rice and can be low in other food sources. Pregnancy imposes an increasing requirement for thiamine over the course of gestation, and deficiency can lead to widespread metabolic disturbances affecting the placenta and fetus. Nutritional deficiency for thiamine is rare in people who consume a moderately varied diet that contains whole grains. However, excessive vomiting in pregnancy can cause

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Hollen, Kathryn, ed. Encyclopedia of Addictions. Greenwood, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400606830.

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This two volume set contains frank and factual information about symptoms, causes, effects, prevention, and treatment of substance abuse—alcohol, nicotine, and drugs—and of behavioral addictions such as eating disorders, pathological gambling, and compulsive sexual activity. Including the most up-to-date research, the addiction entries are based largely on criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Tracing the history of the debate over whether addiction is a choice or a disease, the volumes explain how genetic and

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