Academic literature on the topic 'Causality relationships'

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Journal articles on the topic "Causality relationships"

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Sakemoto, Ryuta. "The Nonlinear Dynamic Relationship between Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in Asian Countries." International Journal of Financial Research 8, no. 2 (2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v8n2p40.

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This study explores dynamic relationships between stock prices and exchange rates in Asian countries. These relationships are complex and include both linear and nonlinear relationships. We employ a nonparametric causality test to explore them. The nonparametric causality test is more robust to a nonlinear relationship. The empirical results reveal that most countries have bi-directional causality relationships between stock prices and exchange rates. Some relationships are not captured by the linear model. These results support the theoretical model which shows dynamic interactions between st
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MAZLACK, LAWRENCE. "DISCOVERY OF CAUSALITY POSSIBILITIES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 01 (2004): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003058.

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Determining causality has been a tantalizing goal throughout human history. Proper sacrifices to the gods were thought to bring rewards; failure to make suitable observations were thought to lead to disaster. Today, data mining holds the promise of extracting unsuspected information from very large databases. Methods have been developed to build association rules from large data sets. Association rules indicate the strength of association of two or more data attributes. In many ways, the interest in association rules is that they offer the promise (or illusion) of causal, or at least, predicti
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Piotr, Fiszeder, and Orzeszko Witold. "Nonlinear Granger causality between grains and livestock." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 7 (2018): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/376/2016-agricecon.

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Linear and nonlinear Granger causality between three grains: corn, soybean, wheat and two livestock commodities: live cattle and lean hogs, was verified. Weak evidence of linear causal relationships was found, supporting the results published in other studies. However, strong nonlinear causal relationships between grain and livestock returns were found, which had not yet been documented in the literature on this subject. The revealed relationships have different patterns and features, and in some cases, they arise from second moment dependencies, but nonlinearities of a different type were als
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Florea, Nicoleta Mihaela, Roxana Maria Badircea, Ramona Costina Pirvu, Alina Georgiana Manta, Marius Dalian Doran, and Elena Jianu. "The impact of agriculture and renewable energy on climate change in Central and East European Countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 10 (2020): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/250/2020-agricecon.

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According to the objectives of the European Union concerning the climate changes, Member States should take all the necessary measures in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study is to identify the causality relations between greenhouse gases emissions, added value from agriculture, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth based on a panel consisting of 11 states from the Central and Eastern Europe (CEECs) in the period between 2000 and 2017. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was used to estimate the long-term relationships among the variables
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Rangkuty, Dewi Mahrani, and Hidayati Purnama Lubis. "Covid-19 Pandemic: The Study for Reserve Requirement of Indonesia." Journal of Economics and Regional Science 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52421/jurnal-esensi.v1i1.124.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the Indonesian economy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the causality and balanced relationship in the long term between RR, IR and INF variables during the Covid-19 pandemic. With the Granger Causality and Johansen Cointegration test methods, the results showed that there is a long-term balance between RR, IR and INF. RR and IR are one-way causality relationships, IR and INF are one-way causality relationships. There is no causality relationship between IR and RR and vice versa during the Covid-19 pandemic. The RR policy affects the determin
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Noureldin Sayed, Mohamed. "The Causality Relationships Between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in the Period From 1987 to 2019." Research in World Economy 12, no. 2 (2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v12n2p289.

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This study aims to test the causality relationships between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) military expenditure and economic growth in KSA, by using time-series data in respect of the period from 1987 to 2019. This study applies the Granger causality approach and uses the ARDL bound test approach to test the long-term relationships between the variables. By applying the Granger causality approach, this study’s findings show that the rate of growth rate in KSA’s military expenditure does not result in a similar rate of growth in the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, by apply
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Omoush, Muthana Mohammad. "Time Series Analysis among Tourism, Financial Development, FDI and Economic Growth in Jordan." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 12 (2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n12p150.

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This study investigates the relationships among tourism, financial development, FDI inflows and economic growth in Jordan for the (1985-2016) period. The current paper has used bounds testing approach to confirm the relationship among the study variables. Multivariate Granger causality test is used to determine the directions of causality between the study variables. The results confirmed that there is evidenced of relationships among tourism, financial development, FDI inflows and economic growth. Also, the multivariate Granger causality test confirmed deferent directions of causal among the
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Chowdhury, Abdur R. "Are causal relationships sensitive to causality tests?" Applied Economics 19, no. 4 (1987): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036848700000016.

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Wilkinson, Claire, and Robin Room. "Alcohol and Violence: Relationships, Causality, and Policy." Contemporary Drug Problems 38, no. 2 (2011): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145091103800201.

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Chang, Bo Yuan, Mohamed A. Naiel, Steven Wardell, Stan Kleinikkink, and John S. Zelek. "Time-Series Causality with Missing Data." Journal of Computational Vision and Imaging Systems 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/jcvis.v6i1.3552.

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Over the past years, researchers have proposed various methods to discover causal relationships among time-series data as well as algorithms to fill in missing entries in time-series data. Little to no work has been done in combining the two strategies for the purpose of learning causal relationships using unevenly sampled multivariate time-series data. In this paper, we examine how the causal parameters learnt from unevenly sampled data (with missing entries) deviates from the parameters learnt using the evenly sampled data (without missing entries). However, to obtain the causal relationship
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Causality relationships"

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Lee, Sangkug. "The correlational and causal investigation into the land use-transportation relationships: evidence from the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4299.

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The role of land-use and related policies in reducing automobile dependence has been the subject of heated policy debate for over two decades. Previous research has shed light on the correlations between land-use and travel. Yet a crucial knowledge gap still exists in establishing causality between the two. Do changes in land-use characteristics cause behavioral changes in individuals’ decisions on what transportation means to use for travel? How does land-use as a contextual factor shape the decision process and outcome of trip frequency and travel mode choice? These questions remain lar
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Håkansson, Rebecka. "Staff scheduling in elderly care - A simulation study of trade-offs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Optimeringslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-115754.

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Numerous studies have been done in the area of nurse scheduling, since this is a complex area with a lot of aspects that has to be taken into account. An interesting but little studied subject is how the requirements for the scheduling affect the possibility to construct a feasible schedule, or how the requirements affect the quality of the schedule. Of special interest is the effect of the composition of the workforce and of the change in scheduling rules. What is missing is results showing which composition and changes that are possible, and if so what is needed to be able to follow through
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Eriksson, Sörman Daniel. "The influence of social relationships and leisure activity on adult cognitive functioning and risk of dementia : Longitudinal population-based studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101840.

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Today, as we live longer, dementia diseases are becoming more prevalent around the world. Thus, further knowledge of how to maintain levels of cognitive functioning in old age and how to identify factors that postpone the onset of dementia are of acute interest. Lifestyle patterns and social life are important aspects to consider in this regard. This thesis includes three studies. Study I investigated the association between participation in various leisure activities in old age (≥65 years) and risk of incident all-cause dementia. Analyses of the total follow-up time period (15 years) showed t
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Andersson, Emil, and Mahim Hoque. "The Causal Relationships Between ESG and Financial Asset Classes : A multiple investment horizon wavelet approach of the non-linear directionality." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159650.

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This thesis investigates if Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) investments can be considered as an independent asset class. As ESG and responsible investing has increased substantially in recent years, responsible investments have entered the portfolios with other asset classes too. Therefore, there is a need in studying ESG investment properties with other financial asset classes. By collecting daily price data from October 2007 to December 2018, we research the directionalities between ESG, ethical, conventional, commodities and currency. Initially, we employed a MODWT, multiscale in
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Pak, Sim Tess. "The moderating effects of causality orientations on psychological contract breach outcome relationship /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38587919.

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Pak, Sim Tess, and 白嬋. "The moderating effects of causality orientations on psychological contract breach: outcome relationship." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38587919.

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Mamalis, Spyridon. "The statistical relationship between the EUR/USD exchange rate and the Greek, Spanish, and German Stock Market." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30689.

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Bilgiç, Emrah. "Causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Turkey." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-137.

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<p>Although there is a considerable evidence on the link between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in developing countries, the causal relationship of these two variables still remains an important question. This study attempts to examine the possible causal relationship between FDI and economic growth in Turkey, during the period 1992 (Quarter 2) – 2006 (Quarter 3). We employed the Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality tests for detecting the long run or short run causality. Our results showed that there is no long run relationship between the variables, which led us
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Mellquist, Hannes, and Markus Femermo. "The Relationship Between the Price of Oil and Unemployment in Sweden." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-929.

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<p>The dependence on oil has increased in many nations as a result of increasing industrialization and oil has been the factor of many crises as well as many wars. This paper examines how the price of oil affects the unemployment in Sweden. The case of Sweden is interesting since its politics are very different compared to other industrialized countries when it comes to unemployment and benefits. Our main objective is to see whether a change in the oil price will cause a change in unemployment at a later stage. We perform linear regression analysis relating current changes in the variables and
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Sahlin, Daniel, and Gustav Sjögren. "The relationship between advertising and household loans." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1150.

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<p>Advertising expenditures are increasing on a yearly basis. An interesting question emerges from this: What are the macroeconomic effects of increasing advertising spending? Does the aggregate consumption increase or does it only rearrange consumption between different products and markets? The relationship between advertising and consumption was found in the literature, this relationship was further developed and the relationship between advertising and household loans emerged as an interesting subject.</p><p>An econometric analysis method was used to test the relationship between the aggre
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Books on the topic "Causality relationships"

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Musokotwane, Situmbeko. Testing the causality relationship between devaluation and inflation. s.n., 1992.

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Causal relationships in medicine. Oxford University Press, 1992.

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Causal relationships in medicine: A practical system for critical appraisal. Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Huffaker, Ray, Marco Bittelli, and Rodolfo Rosa. Empirically Detecting Causality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782933.003.0008.

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Phenomenological models mathematically describe relationships among empirically observed phenomena without attempting to explain underlying mechanisms. Within the context of NLTS, phenomenological modeling goes beyond phase space reconstruction to extract equations governing real-world system dynamics from a single or multiple observed time series. Phenomenological models provide several benefits. They can be used to characterize the dynamics of variable interactions; for example, whether an incremental increase in one variable drives a marginal increase/decrease in the growth rate of another,
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Williamson, Jon. Probabilistic Theories. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0010.

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Causal relationships are typically accompanied by probabilistic dependencies — normally when A causes B the former raises or lowers the probability of the latter. Probabilistic theories of causality usually try to characterize or analyse causality in terms of these probabilistic dependencies: they try to provide probabilistic criteria for deciding whether A causes B, and often maintain that causality just is the corresponding pattern of probabilistic relationships. This article provides an introduction to and criticism of such accounts. While it is argued that probabilistic theories are ultima
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Yalin, Nefize, Danilo Arnone, and Allan Y. Young. Bidirectional relationships between general medical conditions and bipolar disorder: treatment considerations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0019.

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Increased medical co-morbidity is one of the underlying causes of excess and premature mortality in bipolar disorder. This increased prevalence of medical conditions is likely to result from a range of different factors. Some attention in recent years has been devoted to intrinsic illness factors resulting in excessive allostatic load and oxidative stress potentially predisposing to physical morbidity. Some other contributors have also been identified as unhealthy lifestyle habits and unwanted effects of pharmacological treatment. Irrespective of causality, risk minimization can be obtained by
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Auslander, Philip. Sound and Vision. Edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.025.

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This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Referring to the relationship between visual and audible dimensions of music performance as an “economy” suggests that they may not work hand-in-hand. There can be competition for the audience’s attention and to influence its understanding of the performance. Relationships between sight and sound can be normative or traditional, or challenge norms. The “traditionalist” view emphasizes visible causality: what the audience sees should provide information about
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Weiss, Alexander, and Marieke Gartner. Animal Personality. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.24.

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Animal personality has been studied for decades, and a recent renaissance in the field has revealed links to health and life outcomes that echo those found in humans. Some of this research is tied to the Five Factor Model—the predominant model of human personality—which informs animal personality research as well, and allows for comparative work that points to evolutionary pathways that delineate phylogenetic continuity. From personality facets and traits to factors, this work has implications for human and nonhuman animal genetics, life history strategies, survival, and well-being, as well as
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Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. 17. A Guide to Multivariate Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198702740.003.0017.

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This chapter extends the principles of bivariate analysis to multivariate analysis, which takes into account more than one independent variable and the dependent variable. With multivariate analysis, it is possible to investigate the impact of multiple factors on a dependent variable of interest, and to compare the explanatory power of rival hypotheses. Multivariate analysis can also be used to develop and test multi-causal explanations of political phenomena. After providing an overview of the principles of multivariate analysis, and the different types of analytical question to which they ca
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Paus, Tomáš. Combining brain imaging with brain stimulation: causality and connectivity. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0034.

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This article establishes the concept of a methodological approach to combine brain imaging with brain stimulation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a tool that allows perturbing neural activity, in time and space, in a noninvasive manner. This approach allows the study of the brain-behaviour relationship. Under certain circumstances, the influence of one region on other, called the effective connectivity, can be measured. Functional connectivity is the extent of correlation in brain activity measured across a number of spatially distinct brain regions. This tool of connectivity can b
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Book chapters on the topic "Causality relationships"

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Karpiński, Jakub. "Verification of Statements on Causal Relationships in Diachronic Studies." In Causality in Sociological Research. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0495-8_4.

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Karpiński, Jakub. "Verification of Statements on Causal Relationships in Experimental Research." In Causality in Sociological Research. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0495-8_5.

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Karpiński, Jakub. "The Causal Interpretation of Relationships in Non-Experimental Single Studies." In Causality in Sociological Research. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0495-8_3.

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Ünlü, Kamil Demirberk, Nihan Potas, and Mehmet Yılmaz. "Relationships Between Stock Markets: Causality Between G8 Countries and Turkey." In Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27672-0_5.

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Jabeur, Nafaa, and Hedi Haddad. "Using Causality Relationships for a Progressive Management of Hazardous Phenomena with Sensor Networks." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2009. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02454-2_1.

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Lien, Nguyen Thi Kim. "An Empirical Study on Causal Relationship Between Real Effective Exchange Rate and Foreign Portfolio Investment in Vietnam." In Prediction and Causality in Econometrics and Related Topics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77094-5_39.

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Wang, Chamont. "Statistical Causality and Law-Like Relationships." In Sense and Nonsense of Statistical Inference. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003067016-3.

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Halpern, Joseph Y. "The Art of Causal Modeling." In Actual Causality. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035026.003.0004.

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According to the definition of causality considered in the previous two chapters, whether A is a cause of B depends on the model used. A can be the cause of B in one model and not another. This chapter considers how a “good” model should be constructed. Factors considered include the choice of variables and their values, and the normality ordering chosen. Of particular interest is the extent to which the question of whether A is a cause of B remains stable as more variables are added to the model in a conservative way, that is, without changing the relationships between variables already in the model.
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Seker, Fahri, Murat Cetin, Birol Topcu, and Gamze Yıldız Seren. "Relationships between Financial Development, Trade Openness, and Economic Growth." In Regional Economic Integration and the Global Financial System. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7308-3.ch015.

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The aim of this chapter is to investigate the cointegration and causal relationship between financial development, trade openness, and economic growth in Turkey for the period of 1980-2012. To analyze the data, the bounds testing and Johansen-Juselius approaches to cointegration and Granger causality test based on vector error-correction model are employed. The cointegration tests suggest that there is a long-run relationship between the variables. The Granger causality test reveals long-run bidirectional causality between trade openness and economic growth. The findings also indicate unidirectional causality running from financial development to trade openness and economic growth in the long run as well as a bi-directional causality between financial development and economic growth in the short run. The results support supply-leading and trade-led growth hypotheses. Therefore, it can be suggested that Turkey can accelerate its economic growth by improving its financial systems and encouraging foreign trade.
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"Time–Event Relationships as Representations for Constructing Cell Mechanisms." In Time and Causality across the Sciences. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108592703.007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Causality relationships"

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Yang, Ching-Chow. "The Analyses of Causality Relationships for Service Brands Development." In 2014 International Conference on Global Economy, Commerce and Service Science (GECSS-14). Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/gecss-14.2014.92.

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Liu, Quanquan, Sanqing Hu, Jianhai Zhang, and Wanzeng Kong. "Causal Relationships between CSI300 Spot and Its Index Futures Revealed by Granger Causality and New Causality." In 3rd International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msetasse-15.2015.175.

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Riaz, Mehwish, and Roxana Girju. "Another Look at Causality: Discovering Scenario-Specific Contingency Relationships with No Supervision." In 2010 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsc.2010.19.

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Kim, Jaehyun, and David Wallace. "A Statistical Approach to Causality Analysis in a Distributed Design Framework." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57694.

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Numerous collaborative design tools have been developed to accelerate the product development, and recently environments for building distributed simulations have been proposed. For example, a simulation framework called DOME (Distributed Object-oriented Modeling and Evaluation) has been developed in MIT CADLAB. DOME is unique in its decentralized structure that allows heterogeneous simulations to be stitched together while allowing proprietary information an simulation models to remain secure with each participant. While such an approach offers many advantages, it also hides causality and sen
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Xu, Zhao. "Analysis on the Dynamic Causality Relationships among FDI, Foreign Trade and Exchange Rate Volatility." In 2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2012.88.

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Genç, Murat Can, and Osman Murat Telatar. "Is the Compensation Hypothesis Valid for Turkey?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01380.

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Increases of trade openness in an economy raise the external risks in globalization. The societies demand on increases of the government expenditure in order to compensate for their risks. Hence the more trade openness may cause the more government size. This relation is named as compensation hypothesis in the literature has been comprehensively discussed by Rodrik (1998) but started by Cameron (1978). This paper attempts to analyze the cointegration and causality relationships between trade openness and government size in Turkey, utilizing annual data for the period 1980–2013. The existence o
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Hosokawa, Tetsuo, and Makoto Matsushita. "A Proposal of a New Product Development Methodology: The CS-TG Method “Causality Search T-Method With Graphical Modeling”." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72555.

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In 2015, our team proposed a new development methodology, which we named the Causality Search T-Method (CS-T Method). This method makes it possible to solve the intrinsic limitation of target characteristics-based Parameter Design. Specifically, target characteristics-based Parameter Design is in essence a black-box method, which makes it difficult to obtain information on the mechanisms of quality improvement. The first aim of the CS-T Method is to determine the causal relationships between the target characteristics and multiple candidate “Effective-Explanation Factors” (EEF) such as physica
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Zhao, Yue, Chunling Dong, and Qin Zhang. "Pilot Study of Diagnosis on CPR1000 With Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60181.

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To develop a computerized intelligent system for CPR1000 with functions of fault diagnosis (FD) for safe operation of nuclear power plant (NPP) counts a great deal. Traditional procedures, earlier systems and classic uncertain artificial intelligence methodologies cannot apply well to some severe conditions like Three Mile Island (TMI) accident. To remedy these defectives, in this paper, the methodology of Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph (DUCG) is brought in for diagnosis of NPP. Causal graphs of DUCG is used to symbolize logical relationships and inserted weighting factor can balance the re
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Ge, Xiaoyan. "Research on relationships between crude oil prices and offshore equipment manufacturing industry based on Granger causality test." In International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isme20142352.

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Başar, Selim, Murat Eren, and Gürkan Bozma. "The Relationships Between Private Pension System, Saving Rate and Current Deficit: An Application on OECD Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01683.

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Today developed and developing economies have many problems. Some of these problems are created by global conjuncture and the rest of them are originated by problems which can be seen in some specific economies. One of the most important problems of economies is low saving rate. Since low saving rate can cause through to inability to increase investments and inability to reduce current account deficit, to remain below potential growth. The governments which want to increase the level of savings may use the private pension system as a political tool to increase domestic savings and decrease cur
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Reports on the topic "Causality relationships"

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Aruguete, Natalia, Ernesto Calvo, Carlos Scartascini, and Tiago Ventura. Trustful Voters, Trustworthy Politicians: A Survey Experiment on the Influence of Social Media in Politics. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003389.

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Abstract:
Recent increases in political polarization in social media raise questions about the relationship between negative online messages and the decline in political trust around the world. To evaluate this claim causally, we implement a variant of the well-known trust game in a survey experiment with 4,800 respondents in Brazil and Mexico. Our design allows to test the effect of social media on trust and trustworthiness. Survey respondents alternate as agents (politicians) and principals (voters). Players can cast votes, trust others with their votes, and cast entrusted votes. The players rewards a
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