Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Causes de décès évitables'
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Rosa, Maria Luiza Garcia. "Les facteurs impliqués dans les décès périnataux potentiellement évitables dans des maternités publiques de Duque de Caxias." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/NQ32631.pdf.
Full textBubenheim, Michael. "Des systèmes d'enregistrement des décès par cause en France et en Allemagne." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/bubenheim_m.
Full textRey, Grégoire. "Surmortalité liée aux vagues de chaleur : Facteurs de vulnérabilité sociodémographiques et causes médicales de décès." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T050.
Full textBarro, Golo Seydou. "Certification des causes de décès en Afrique : "Analyse de modèle au CHU Souro Sanou de Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5085/document.
Full textMortality statistics are basic data the WHO employs to measure health problems in different countries. However, their reliability depends on the quality of death data collected by different doctors. It appears, however, that over 25% African data are of no use because they are not available on time or lack quality. The main reason for this lack of information could be the nonperformance of data logging systems and tools. Our work aimed at investigating a death registration model taking into account both WHO's standards and the realities of Africa. We tried to understand if certification of death causes could improve mortality statistics production in Africa. Our methodology was based on a combination of interventional research, project process, and an epidemiological approach. The study resulted in the design and implementation of a three scenarios model, depending on ICT equipment and qualified staff level of health care facilities. The system has been validated and implemented in the University Hospital of Bobo Dioulasso. All the actors were trained and the device operates since January 1st, 2014, after the training of the actors. A first evaluation of the model was performed after three months of operation. The establishment of a monitoring committee and of an annual training plan, the involvement of the Ministry of Health and of the West African Health Organization, the technical assistance of CepiDc (France) and of the General Directorate for Modernization of Civil Status, are elements of appropriation, sustainability and hope. However, deaths registration outside hospitals remains an active challenge
Flament, Régis. "Les disparités géographiques de la mortalité en Europe." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50377-2002-25-1.pdf.
Full textFalconi, Ana Maria. "Mesurer la violence : des causes de décès aux dénonciations en justice des violences contre les enfants." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100108.
Full textExploration of how violence is perceived in French society using two distinct empirical approaches. The first approach analyzes the historical evolution of statistical categories of violent death (accidents, suicides and homicides), as well as the process whereby a death cornes to be classified under one of these categories. It is shown that in both instances medical criteria (etiologic and anatomy) become subordinated to judicial criteria, (intent and age of the deceased). The second approach examines the social construct of violence against children, using ethnography observations of reports brought to the authorities. Here, again, the law bas significant influence both on how the cases unfold and on the resulting verdicts. Nevertheless, variations in these constructs are apparent in the interaction between plaintiffs and the judicial authorities, and in the change in denominations that the "facts" undergo from the beginning of the complaint process to its end
Lewden, Charlotte. "Etude de la mortalité et des causes de décès chez les personnes infectées par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) à la période des traitements antirétroviraux hautement actifs." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21166.
Full textAfter a median follow-up of 4,6 years in APROCO and Aquitaine cohorts, mortality was 10 times higher in HIV-infected adults having started highly active antiretroviral treatment than in the general population of same age and gender. It was similar in responders to treatment. We describe an information bias due to missing data for hepatitis C in an analysis of factors associated with mortality in APROCO cohort. In France in 2000, underlying causes of death in 964 HIV-infected adults were AIDS (47 %, of whom 23 % lymphoma), viral hepatitis (11 %) and other cancer (11 %), according to "Mortalité 2000" survey. Cohort studies of HIV-infected persons are currently harmonizing collection of data on death cases. According to three sources : the "Mortalité 2000" survey, the national death certificates database and the French hospital database on HIV infection, the estimation by the capture-recapture method of the number of deaths in HIV-infected adults was 1699 (95 %CI : 1671-1727) in France in 2000
Mechinaud, Lamarche Vadel Agathe. "Elaboration d'indicateurs de mortalité post-hospitalière à différents délais avec prise en compte des causes médicales de décès." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T073/document.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD work was to investigate different methodological options for the elaboration of post hospital mortality indicators aiming at reflecting quality of care, in particular to identify the most relevant timeframes and to assess the contribution of the causes of death information.In a first phase, the hospital discharge data of the French General health insurance scheme beneficiaries who died during the year following an hospital stay in 2008 or 2009 were linked to the cause of death register. The matching rate was 96.4%.In a second phase, the hospital stays for which the underlying cause of death could be qualified as independent from the main diagnosis were identified with an algorithm and a software relying on international standards.In a third phase, the method most widely used to assess in-hospital mortality (Dr Foster Unit method) was reproduced and used to construct hospital mortality indicators at 30, 60, 90, 180 et 365 days post-admission, on year 2009 (12 322 831 acute-care stays)..As in other countries, in-hospital mortality revealed biased by discharge patterns in the French data: hospitals : short length-of-stay or high transfer-out rates for comparable casemix tend to have lower in-hospital mortality. The 60-day and 90-day indicators should be preferred to the 30-day indicator, because they reflect a larger part of in-hospital mortality, and are less subject to the incentives either to maintain patients alive until the end of the follow-up window or to shift resources away when this length of stay is reached. The contribution of the causes of death seems negligible in the context of hospital-wide indicators, but it could prove its utility in future health services research about specific indicators limited to selected conditions or procedures.However, reservations about the relevance of hospital-wide mortality indicators aiming at assessing quality of care are described (limits of the statistical model and adjustment variables available, heterogeneity of the coding quality between hospitals). Further research is needed, in particular on the capacity of these indicators to reflect quality of care and on the impact of their public reporting. To date, the use of hospital-wide mortality indicators needs to be extremely cautious
Saucedo, Castillo Monica Del Carmen. "Mortalité maternelle en France : profil épidémiologique, déterminants, amélioration de la mesure." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066733.
Full textWhile maternal mortality has become a very rare event in developed countries, it remains a marker of the performance of a country’s health system. The first work of this thesis was to study the evolution of maternal mortality profile in France between 1998 and 2007 using data from the Confidential enquiry into maternal deaths (ENCMM). The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) remained stable, with 9 deaths per 100,000 live births, it is in the low average of other European countries that also have enhanced measurement systems, which is consider satisfactory in view of the evolution of profile of women and the rise of MMR observed elsewhere. The main cause of death was obstetric hemorrhage. The proportion of avoidable maternal deaths has not changed and remained around 50%. These results emphasize that reducing the MMR is possible, for this, a better understanding of its determinants is essential. The second work explored regional disparities of maternal mortality. The results showed that the risk of postpartum maternal death was higher, after taking women's individual characteristics into account, in the overseas districts (DOM) but also in Ile-de-France, compared with the rest of metropolitan France; we thus deduce that factors related to care may be involved.The relevance of lessons learned from the study of maternal mortality depends on the validity of the data used. The last work assessed the pitfalls of routine mortality statistics to study the frequency and profile of maternal mortality. The underestimation of MMR in mortality statistics has decreased significantly over time. However, inaccuracies are greater than suggested by the MMR; the routine statistics failed to identify one third of the maternal deaths identified by the ENCMM and the causes profile differs from that resulting from the ENCMM
Ziadé, Nelly. "Impact des pathologies ostéo-articulaires sur la mortalité de la population française : évolution au cours des quatre dernières décennies." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05S013.
Full textAssessing the impact of a disease on the population mortality leads to quantifying the contribution of this problem to the global burden at the population level. The impact on mortality reflects the weight of this pathology in terms of public health, and its longitudinal measurement sometimes provides etiological hypotheses that allow to explain trends over time and to guide preventive interventions. Assessing the impact on mortality at the population level is based on the analysis of national statistics on deaths. This is the only data source available nationwide, exhaustive and continual over several decades. This thesis focuses on osteoarticulardiseases, which represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the elderly population. Two osteo-articular diseases were selected, because of their high burden of disease and the major therapeutic advances witnessed in the last two decades: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporotic fractures. Objective. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the population-level impact of the mentioned osteoarticular diseases on the mortality of the French population, based on the analysis of nationwide death statistics, and to estimate the trends over the last four decades. Specific dedicated methodologies were developed. Material and Methods. Nearly 20 million death certificates were analyzed. In RA, a multiple cause of death analysis was used, allowing the identification of RA, which is a disease mostly certified as an associated cause of death, at any level of the certificate and also the evaluation of the associated causes of death. As for osteoporotic fractures, a new methodology was developed. It relied on the elaboration of a new operational definition, using different components in the death certificate, particularly medical causes of death as coded according to the ICD, and based on the currently acknowledged clinical definitions of osteoporotic fractures. For both diseases, mortality rates were analyzed using Poisson regression. Annual standardized mortality rates were calculated by direct standardization using the 1990 French population as reference. Age-specific mortality rates were also calculated. Mean age at death was identified and compared to the general population. Associated causes of death were identified; their association with the disease was tested using the ratio O/E method (observed/expected pairs). Results. A significant impact of RA on mortality was identified (0. 22% of deaths). This impact decreased between 1970 and 1990, but a trend towards an increase, particularly in women, was identified starting 1990. It was driven by the increase of death rates in the most aged categories (>84 years-old). The multiple causes of death analysis allowed the identification of three times more death related to RA than the traditional approach based on the initial cause of death. It confirmed that RA related mortality seems to depend on comorbidities in part and identified a change of the pattern of associated causes of death. As for osteoporotic fractures, the methodology that was developed allowed to classify as osteoporotic all fractures occurring after the age of 70 years, in both sexes and all sites, after the exclusion of the corrected number of high-energy fractures. Based on this methodology, a significant impact of osteoporotic fractures on mortality was identified (2. 2% of deaths). A significant decline (by half) was observed during the studied period, mainly driven by hip fractures and accessorily by skull fractures. Mentions of pelvis, vertebral and ribs fractures increased with time. Comorbidities increased with time. Conclusion. Several approaches to the analysis of causes of death from national statistics of death were used. A multiple cause of death analysis was applied to quantify the impact of a chronic disease on mortality, as rheumatoid arthritis. For osteoporosis fractures, a new methodology was developed, involving the crossclassifications of information contained on the certificate, allowing quantifying the impact of diseases of complex definition on the population mortality. The application of theses methodologies on the French population across nearly four decades identified a significant impact of osteo-articular diseases on the mortality of the general population, as well as varying and complex trends over time and an important role of associatedpathologies, reflecting to the general fragility of patients
Poniakina, Svitlana. "Causes et évolution des disparités régionales de mortalité en Ukraine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010663/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to investigate regional mortality differences in Ukraine, cause-of-death patterns and trends at different spatial scales. First of all, general contrasts were established: for males between the west and east of Ukraine, while for females between the west and south-east. Study of regional disparities in respect of different age groups revealed that regions that succeeded the most are those characterized by decreased mortality at older ages. As for big cities, for the most of cases of death (except cancer and infectious diseases) living in a big metropolis is an advantage to surviving. The special case of the city of Slavutych that suffered the most from Chernobyl accident was studied. Second, special attention was given to regional patterns of mortality for different medical cause of death, and which showed that Ukrainian regions are at different stages in the fight against man-made and degenerative diseases. Lastly, peculiarities of dynamics over last two decades were investigated. During this period life expectancy has experienced a sharp decrease, followed by stagnation, and recovery. This evolution was accompanied by transformation of regional cause-specific mortality patterns. These changes, larger and smaller, were not actually accounted for by public authorities and no important breakthroughs happened in any Ukraine region. There were no efficient strategies, measures or reforms implemented that would allow substantial improvements in the health of the population
Videau, Marie-Neige. "Evolution de la létalité des sujets infectés par le VIH en Guadeloupe (1994-1999)." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M152.
Full textGarcia, Arias Jenny. "Disparités de mortalité par causes en Amérique latine : l'hypothèse du «biais urbain»." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H014.
Full textIn 1977, Michael Lipton introduced the Urban Bias Thesis as a framework for understanding how most macro- and microeconomic policy initiatives have historically benefited the over-development of urban areas and the underdevelopment of rural areas. In Latin America, urbanization and mortality decline have historically been positively related: the health transition in the region has been initiated in the main cities and has tended to proceed more rapidly in countries with higher levels of urbanization. This research looks for evidence on: the persistence of an urban advantage in mortality; and traces of an "urban bias" in the causes of death patterns in the region. Using a sample of Latin American countries over the period 2000-2010, I apply decomposition methods on life expectancy at birth to analyze the disparities in mortality patterns and causes of death when urban and rural areas are considered separately. Urban is defined as a continuum category instead of a dichotomous concept. Hence, three types of spatial groups are recognizable in each country. The countries under analysis are Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. The results indicate that the urban advantage is persistent and that rural-urban mortality differentials have consistently favored cities. This advantage in mortality comes as an outcome of lower rates for causes of death that are amenable to primary interventions, meaning they are made amenable by the existence of basic public infrastructures as well as by the provision of basic goods and services
Menenteau, Sandra. "Dans les coulisses de l'autopsie judiciaire : cadres, contraintes et conditions de l'expertise cadavérique dans la France du XIXe siècle." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Menenteau-Sandra/2009-Menenteau-Sandra-These.pdf.
Full textIn the 19th century, forensic medicine is formed as a full science. From 1795, after the reorganization of medical education, it is included into the teaching for the doctorate of medicine. Judges consider each physician is able to carry out a forensic autopsy. Far from suitable structures, ordinary medical experts have to answer the judges' expectations and questions about the causes of death. They perform post mortem examinations in material conditions that are not in accordance with the criteria established by literature. Medical experts have to get used to the situation and to improvise. Moreover, their participation in legal proceedings is a professional and a personnel hazard. However, forensic autopsy offers more technical freedom than other post mortem activities. Forensic autopsy lifts all the regulations, the bans and the popular reluctances
Duthé, Géraldine. "La transition sanitaire en milieu rural sénégalais : évolution de la mortalité à Mlomp depuis 1985 et influence du paludisme chimiorésistant." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0007.
Full textThe outbreak of infectious diseases constitutes an obstacle to the mortality decrease in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Mlomp, in rural Senegal, population has been monitored since 1985. Causes of death are assessed through verbal autopsies which are completed by medical information. Despite a good local health care system, mortality has increased from the beginning of the 1990s, supposing due to the development of anti-malarial drug resistance. In addition of a trend to an unfavorable familial structure, two major etiological problems have been shown by the analysis of levels and causes of deaths: malaria mortality has actually increased among children; and adults, especially men, are victims of different types of causes (communicable and reproductive diseases, non-communicable diseases and injuries)
Marimoutou, Catherine. "Evolution de la prise en charge de l'infection par le VIH à l'ère des multithérapies : expériences des Cohortes Aquitaine et MANIF 2000 : et du département de recherche clinique du CISIH-Sud de Marseille." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21085.
Full textThis work presents the results observed through three different cohorts of HIV infected patients and focused on changes in morbidity and mortality of HIV infected patients since HAART era. First, we observed the decraese in deaths and AIDS cases following the large diffusion of HAART in 1996 and persisting nowadays. Non AIDS deaths were mainly due to liver or heart failures and neoplasia. In patients infected through injecting drug use, deaths due to liver failure were as frequent as AIDS deaths. These results underlined the necessity to manage the hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. The main barrier to this management seemed to be the complete realization of the HCV screening, particularly the performance of liver biopsy. However, 1/2 HIV-VHC coinfected patients had a biopsy performed and 1/5 were treated for HCV. Among treated patients, the pejorative role of HAART with PI on HCV therapeutic response underlined the problem of therapeutic interaction in such coinfected patients
Scodellaro, Claire. "La production sociale de la santé aux âges élevés : analyse de l'évolution de la mortalité au-delà de 60 ans dans la France de l'aprés Seconde Guerre mondiale." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0045.
Full textThe remarkable decline in mortality of these over 60 in France during the second part of the XXth century calls for a thorough analysis of the social production of health in the elderly population. The respective role of period effects and cohort effects is examined with quantitative and quantitative materials to account for this phenomenon. The effect of therapeutic inovations on the drop in cardiovascular mortality is evaluated, and so is the effect of the rise of the education level and of the change in occupational structure on the evolution of total mortality. The impact of the evolution of mortality at previous ages in a same cohort is analysed. The representations of health in old age by elderly people and GP are described. The results lead to re-examine the theory of the epidemiologic transition
Abondo, Marlène. "La recherche en criminologie en France est-elle possible ? A quelles conditions ? : exemple du recueil de données dans l'étude du filicide-suicide." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565299.
Full textChentir, Atika. "Estimation de la mortalité évitable au Québec de 1981-1985 à 2005-2009." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11957.
Full textThe upward trend observed in Quebec’s life expectancy in past years suggests that population health has continued to improve. However, a number of deaths continue to occur prematurely before the age of 75 years. A part of this premature mortality is potentially avoidable. The objective of this paper is to estimate avoidable mortality rates in Quebec from 1981-1985 to 2005-2009. Avoidable mortality rates were obtained by applying the method of Tobias and Jackson (2001) to mortality data made available to us by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec. Furthermore, this approach allowed us to evaluate avoidable mortality rates by three levels of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary. Our results show a downward trend in avoidable mortality from 1981-1985 to 2005-2009. This decline was observed for the whole population and also for both sexes. Differences in male’s and female’s avoidable mortality trends are however noticed. Indeed, avoidable mortality is higher for men than women and a large part of this difference is associated to primary prevention. The analysis by cause of death revealed that lung cancer was the leading cause of avoidable death in both men and women in 2005-2009. During this same period, the second leading cause of avoidable mortality is breast cancer and ischemic heart diseases in females and males respectively.
Blagrave, Allison. "Causes multiples de décès chez les personnes âgées au Québec, 2000-2004." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5083.
Full textTo this day, mortality analysis has primarily focused on the underlying cause of death which represents the disease or injury which initiated the sequence of morbid events leading to the death. But since death is due to a complex process, especially at advanced ages, analysis based solely on this concept has its limitations and some causes are more likely to be identified as the underlying cause than others. Selecting only one cause per death may influence the relative importance of the various causes of death. Multiple causes of death statistics provide a more complete view of mortality patterns. The analysis of multiple causes of death among the elderly in Quebec for 2000-2004 identifies certain conditions that contributed to death, but have not been selected as the cause that initiated the disease process. This is particularly the case of hypertension, atherosclerosis, sepsis, influenza and pneumonia, diabetes mellitus and nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis. This research therefore demonstrates the importance of taking into account multiple causes in order to provide a more accurate portrait of Quebec's mortality at older ages that allows analysis of the underlying cause alone.
Diaconu, Viorela. "Nouveaux regards sur la longévité : analyse de l'âge modal au décès et de la dispersion des durées de vie selon les principales causes de décès au Canada (1974-2011)." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20444.
Full textBergeron, Boucher Marie-Pier. "Changements épidémiologiques au Canada : un regard sur les causes de décès des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus, 1979-2007." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8685.
Full textWith the decrease of mortality at younger ages, gain in life expectancy is heavily dependent on the progress in old age mortality. However, over the last three decades, life expectancies at 65 and 85 years old have not experienced a constant rate of progress. Changes in life expectancy progress come from changes in specific causes of death trends and their interactions. The present thesis studies the contribution of causes of death on the changes in life expectancies and the trends in death rates of specific causes of death in Canada between 1979 and 2007. An analysis of those changes in an epidemiological transition context has also been done by questioning whether or not we are witnessing a shift from certain dominant diseases to others. This questioning will be answered by studying variation in the causes of death by age and over time. The results of this study show that progress in life expectancies at 65 and 85 years old are still mainly due to the decrease in cardiovascular mortality. However, cardiovascular diseases are not the only causes of death to contribute to the progress in life expectancy. Since 1979, mortality rates from the ten leading causes of death in Canada have all declined but in different ways. Thus, there does not seem to be a shift in the dominant causes of death towards others in Canada, but there is a general mortality decline from chronic diseases and a greater diversification of causes of death at older ages.
Quinquis, Anthony. "Étude de la mortalité aux grands âges à l’aide du Registre des décès d’Antananarivo (Madagascar)." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22479.
Full textCarrier, Mathieu. "Les coroners du Québec et la prévention des homicides." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18173.
Full textZanfongnon, Ramana. "Évolution de la mortalité différentielle selon le sexe au Canada : variations régionales, 1921-2004 /." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7721.
Full textLussier, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse des phases récentes de la transition épidémiologique au Canada : 1958-1999." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17565.
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