Dissertations / Theses: 'Causes of business failure'

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PIADEHBASMENJ, AMIRALI. "ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURE FAILURE EXPERIENCES : AN ANALYSIS INTO CAUSES, COSTS, ANDOUTCOMES OF VENTURE FAILURE." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Marknadsföring och Entreprenörskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199194.

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Forskning om entreprenörskap fokuserar på framgång som ignorerar den höga felfrekvensen av Nya företag. Många nya företag misslyckas så hur entreprenörer hantera det när deras företag misslyckas? Framgångsrika entreprenörer prisar fördelarna med misslyckande som en värdefull lärare. Resultatet av misslyckande regelbundet fylld med ekonomiska, sociala, psykologiska och fysiska hälsoproblem. Syftet med denna forskning är att bedöma företagets misslyckande upplevelser för företagare, från det ögonblick resultatet genom att återhämtningen för att hantera företagande fel och avsluta för påverkan av den slutna företag. I denna forskning aspekter av livet som påverka av entreprenörs fel undersöka ekonomiskt, socialt och psykologiskt att belysa faktorer som kan påverka mängden av kostnaderna för ett misslyckande. Därefter beskriver forskningen hur entreprenörer lära av misslyckanden. Den presenterar på resultaten av företagets misslyckande, inklusive hantera fel och återhämtning tillsammans med kognitiva och beteendemässiga utfall.
Research on entrepreneurship focuses on success which ignores the high failure rate of new ventures. Many new ventures fail so how entrepreneurs deal with it when their venture fails? Successful entrepreneurs praising the advantages of failure as a valuable teacher. The result of failure is regularly filled with economic, social, psychological, and physical health disorder. The aim of this research is to assessment venture failure experiences for entrepreneurs, from the instant result through to recovery for coping with entrepreneurial failure and exit for impact of the closed venture. In this research, aspects of life affected by entrepreneurial failure examine economically, socially and psychologically in highlighting factors that may influence the amount of costs of failure. Next, the research describes how entrepreneurs learn from failure. It presents on the outcomes of venture failure, including coping with failure and recovery together with cognitive and behavioral outcomes. The main objective of the research study is to understand the failure from entrepreneurs who have experienced it and also to make a theoretical framework of failure based on entrepreneurial venture failure experiences. Every entrepreneur starts up a venture with high expectations of achieving success. Failure can be emotionally disturbing, devastating, painful, distressing and costly for the entrepreneur who may have to aspect the stigma of failure and the loss of reputation. The entrepreneur can get involved in grief, heartache, anxiety, depression, shame, rejection and discouragement (Politis & Gabrielsson, 2009). The purpose of the research is to investigate how entrepreneurs realize and react to venture failure. Moreover, entrepreneurs are looking for positive aspects of failure as enhancing experiences that help their coping with entrepreneurial failure, learning from failure, the willingness to begin a new venture and also trigger changes in upcoming decision-making. The purpose of the research is to take a view of the existed experience of failure, taking into consideration impact from the entrepreneurship.

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Moore, Michael. "An Exploration of the Causes of Success and Failure of Managed Change." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5229.

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Change management (CM) and organizational development are mature industries with decades of research and development. Yet, failure rates stated for organizational change initiatives remain high at 70%. This failure rate suggests that 30% of change initiatives were successful, but no reports of these successes were found in the literature. The overarching question considered the experiences of change leaders of successful CM initiatives. The conceptual framework for this research consisted of change models defined by Burke, Kotter, Schein, and others. The primary purpose of this study was to identify the strategies used by successful change leaders. 10 phone interviews with senior employee change leaders in education, pharmaceuticals, and industrial manufacturing companies across the United States provided the data for this empirical phenomenological study. Data were collected using open, conversational interviews. A modified van Kaam method was used to analyze the data. The most important themes identified were collaborative leadership and open communication. The results indicated how these strategies were used without relying on the literature to guide them. Leaders relied on intuition and independently, aligned to aspects suggested by the framework authors, but differed in their applications. Using the results of this study may improve the implementation of change projects and success rates, thus reducing organizational costs and improving organizational performance. This may have a positive social change effect on the surrounding community, as project successes may lead to reduced employee job losses and reduced concomitant job losses and the associated economic decline.

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Piadehbasmenj, Amirali. "Entrepreneurial Venture Failure Experiences : An analysis into causes, costs, and outcomes of venture failure." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202587.

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Research on entrepreneurship focuses on success which ignores the high failure rate of new ventures. Many new ventures fail so how entrepreneurs deal with it when their venture fails? Successful entrepreneurs praising the advantages of failure as a valuable teacher. The result of failure is regularly filled with economic, social, psychological, and physical health disorder. The aim of this research is to assessment venture failure experiences for entrepreneurs, from the instant result through to recovery for coping with entrepreneurial failure and exit for impact of the closed venture. In this research, aspects of life affected by entrepreneurial failure examine economically, socially and psychologically in highlighting factors that may influence the amount of costs of failure. Next, the research describes how entrepreneurs learn from failure. It presents on the outcomes of venture failure, including coping with failure and recovery together with cognitive and behavioral outcomes. The main objective of the research study is to understand the failure from entrepreneurs who have experienced it and also to make a theoretical framework of failure based on entrepreneurial venture failure experiences. Every entrepreneur starts up a venture with high expectations of achieving success. Failure can be emotionally disturbing, devastating, painful, distressing and costly for the entrepreneur who may have to aspect the stigma of failure and the loss of reputation. The entrepreneur can get involved in grief, heartache, anxiety, depression, shame, rejection and discouragement (Politis & Gabrielsson, 2009). The purpose of the research is to investigate how entrepreneurs realize and react to venture failure. Moreover, entrepreneurs are looking for positive aspects of failure as enhancing experiences that help their coping with entrepreneurial failure, learning from failure, the willingness to begin a new venture and also trigger changes in upcoming decision-making. The purpose of the research is to take a view of the existed experience of failure, taking into consideration impact from the entrepreneurship.
Forskning om entreprenörskap fokuserar på framgång som ignorerar den höga felfrekvensen av nya företag. Många nya företag misslyckas så hur entreprenörer hantera det när deras företag misslyckas? Framgångsrika entreprenörer prisar fördelarna med misslyckande som en värdefull lärare. Resultatet av misslyckande regelbundet fylld med ekonomiska, sociala, psykologiska och fysiska hälsoproblem. Syftet med denna forskning är att bedöma företagets misslyckande upplevelser för företagare, från det ögonblick resultatet genom att återhämtningen för att hantera företagande fel och avsluta för påverkan av den slutna företag. I denna forskning aspekter av livet som påverkas av entreprenörs fel undersöka ekonomiskt, socialt och psykologiskt att belysa faktorer som kan påverka mängden av kostnaderna för ett misslyckande. Därefter beskriver forskningen hur entreprenörer lära av misslyckanden. Den presenterar på resultaten av företagets misslyckande, inklusive hantera fel och återhämtning tillsammans med kognitiva och beteendemässiga utfall.

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Hashmi, Mazhar Tajammal. ""High I.T. Failure Rate : A Management Prospect"." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5255.

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Software industry is growing day by day and software is going more complex and diverse with increase in cost and rate of failure. This increase in size and complexity of software projects has negative impact on the software productivity, schedule and effort. Organizations are demanding high quality products to increase their productivity and profits. It is common that they are facing some serious problems even after spending a large sum of money. So, its alarming situation and the concerned parties should take effective steps to resolve software project failure problem. Above all this, we are facing a high rate of software failure putting software industry on stake. This study revolves around the core issue of finding the root causes of software project failure with respect to organizational factors. In this, I have tried to find the organizational factors contributing towards the failure of software projects. I have done this study with the help of literature review and questionnaire survey. There could be one or several factors responsible for the software projects failure, which are mentioned in chapter two. I have slightly touched the Information Technology for digging deep into the failure and for understanding this phenomenon. Software failure is the biggest challenge faced by IT as well as business people. There is strong need to find the root causes of software project failure and mitigate them. For controlling this failure problem management can perform its role and I have discussed the role of management in defining, measuring, controlling and implementation of software projects. A project is considered failure when it is not able to show the anticipated results and it is happened when team is not able to fulfill the requirements of the project e.g. overruns time, overruns resources, lack of conformance with initial requirements specifications. I have tried to find out the answers of my research questions through literature review and empirical study. Root causes of software project failure are presented and validated through literature review, data analysis, discussion, and findings. A comprehensive analysis of empirical data and discussion will give you the insight into the problem and my effort to sort out them in a precise way. For the purpose of knowing the solution of this study, I will refer you towards the conclusion and recommendation. The concerned or interested people can get benefit from this research study and definitely it will help them to avoid software project failure. The contribution of the research is twofold. First, it will be helpful for the software making professionals/companies and secondly, it will be helpful for decision makers/users (Organizations), when they are going to buy or implement a software project for enhancing their productivity.
This study revolves around the core issue of finding the root causes of software project failure with respect to organizational factors. In this study, I have tried to find the organizational factors contributing towards the failure of software projects. Study is comprises of literature review and questionnaire survey. There could be one or several factors responsible for the software projects failure. I have finalized some important causes of software failure on the basis of literature review and empirical study in chapter two. Further these finalized causes of software project failure are again validated with the help of questionnaire survey in chapter four. I have presented a comprehensive analysis of the gathered data from respondents. For avoiding any aspect of the analysis, I have further added a detailed discussion on data gathered through survey. I have slightly touched the Information Technology with respect to management’s role in software project development. Information Technology is playing a very vital role in today’s organizations for competing on world level. Software failure is the biggest challenge faced by IT as well as business people. In this way, software failure is very important issue for software development firms as well as buyer and user firms. There is strong need to find the root causes of software project failure and mitigate them. In currant age, the effective use of IT is a success factor for any organization. It is only possible if we link IT with organizational goals. Business and IT managers need to learn that how they can measure, manage and justify technology as a business matter. The example of ideal organization is that which gives value to the collaboration, openness, and communication. The insight gain through this research is the basis for describing the solution for software failure problem and it is presented in chapter six (Conclusion and Recommendations) briefly. The concerned parties will be able to get the benefits from this study to avoid the failure problem. The contribution of this research is twofold. First, it will be helpful for the software making professionals/companies and secondly, it will be helpful for decision makers/users (Organizations). Especially, when they are going to buy or implementing a software project for enhancing their productivity.

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Beech, J. G. "An investigation into the notions of 'success' and 'failure' held by senior UK airline executives and their perceptions of the causes of 'success'." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/112.

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This study explores the notions of 'success' and 'failure' held by senior executives in the UK and Irish airline industry. Previous studies of this industry have tended to be from a positivist perspective, focusing on financial performance at the level of 'airline' or 'airline industry'. This study takes the airline executive as the unit of analysis and is conducted from a phenomenological perspective. A methodology using interviews, causal mapping and postal questionnaires is applied to surface the notions of 'success' and 'failure' and the perception of the causes of 'success' held by board-level airline executives. Standardised data published by the Civil Aviation Authority Economic Research Group is used to establish a range of objective measures, both financial and operational, and these objective measures are compared with the rankings of the senior executives' perceptions of the success of UK and Irish airlines. The research establishes that senior airline executives do not see 'success' in terms of financial objective measures such as Added Value or Operating Ratio; they use profit as the primary financial measure of 'success' and frequently hold notions of 'success' that are based in other functional areas such as operations and marketing. The causes of 'success' are seen as coming from the breadth of functional areas. The influence of HRM factors becomes clearer at deeper levels of abstraction when considering 'success'. There is limited evidence of the stereotyping of perceptions when the success of specific airlines is considered, but not for airlines' success in general. Recommendations for further research into the management of human resources within airlines are made.

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Mostert, Charl. "The benefits of contractual causes in mitigating project failures using business system projects." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1778.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology of Technology: Business Information Systems in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
This study evaluates the utilisation and effectiveness of contract clauses in Information Technology (IT) and Information System (IS) projects in South Africa to address and mitigate key risks associated with these types of projects. This study established whether specific clauses were being utilised to address key risks, and where clauses were being utilised, whether these clauses were effective in addressing and mitigating the impact of these key risks. The need for the study arose because the researcher had experienced on several occasions in his workplace that contracts which appeared fail-safe during the negotiation stage did not reach the proposed targets, let alone maturity of the agreement. To establish whether colleagues in similar positions in computer-based organisations experienced similar disruptions a quantitative questionnaire was distributed to organisations in the Johannesburg area to gain an insight into their risk profile. Risk could arise from the contract construction and/or wording. Reference was made to the contracts in the engineering environment where standard contracts have been in place for a number of years. Specifically the New Engineering Contract (NEC) of 2011 and the Professional Services Contract were consulted. The study concentrated on four categories of risk identified in a literature review, namely corporate management risk, project management risk, resource utilisation risk and technology risk, which resulted in 42 sub-factors examined. The population of suitable and relevant IT and IS companies could not be definitely established but the researcher made telephonic contact with known organisations and 24 participants agreed to participate in the exercise; 12 service providers and 12 clients of providers, where 78% of participants experienced one or more of the risk factors, and 53% used NEC standard contracts.

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Petrus, Henry George. "An investigation into causes of success and failure in small businesses within the Department of Social Development in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003942.

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The failure rate of small business initiatives in South Africa is phenomenal, and much is needed to unravel the causes contributing to such failures. Yet small businesses are playing a vital part in our global economy and in particular in terms of job creation and poverty eradication. There are internal as well as external factors that play a significant role in determining the success of these small businesses. In South Africa much emphasis is placed by national, provincial and local governments on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to drive wealth creation and black economic empowerment. Therefore, an investigation into the factors contributing to the success and failure of SMEs is of vital importance. The South African government’s poverty eradication strategy, which is driven by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), allocated funds for job creation programmes as a method to combat poverty and more importantly, to develop young entrepreneurs. Among the seven departments mandated by DTI was the Department of Social Development. Since the birth of the new democracy, this department has transformed from offering a traditional remedial method of service delivery to an integrated developmental approach. This approach included extensive community work, which includes job creation and economic empowerment through the establishment of small businesses. Given the availability of funding, the inability to spend fiscal budgets as per allocation as well as the charity element of receiving involved, it is important to explore whether factors contributing to the success of these SMEs are any different to the traditional business strategies. In this study, the researcher gave special consideration to the social capital element and its contribution in the context of community support as well as the ability of SMEs to become sustainable business ventures over time. The research study aims to highlight unique factors contributing to the success and failures of SMEs established by the Department of Social Development and in doing so hopes to manifest an improved understanding of the management of these SMEs. In chapter one, the researcher gives a brief description of the activities of the Department of Social Development and its mandate to establish SMEs for job creation. A brief explanation regarding the context of the problem that was investigated is also given. Chapter two provides a detailed theoretical overview of the study, focusing in particular on factors contributing to the success and failure of small businesses. In chapter three, the research design and the various instruments used are discussed. Here, emphasis is placed on procedural issues and ethical considerations. The validity and reliability of the research is strongly motivated. In chapter four the research results are discussed. Chapter five aims to discuss the findings of the research with reference to the theoretical overview outlined in chapter two. Lastly, chapter six makes recommendations to the various stakeholders who may benefit from this research. These recommendations are the most important objectives of the research and should add value with regards to the management of SMEs in future, with special reference to the Department of Social Development in the Eastern Cape.

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Fonseca, Fernando. "Fatores de abandono de iniciativas de inteligência competitiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-18022013-172650/.

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Empresas em um mercado globalizado adotaram, desde a última metade do século XX, diversas iniciativas para compor estratégias competitivas que garantissem sua sobrevivência de longo prazo. Um conjunto dessas inciativas podem ser agrupadas em projetos de inteligência competitiva, que apesar dos diversos termos que comumente são usados, se resumem na busca e compreensão de informações do ambiente externo da empresa, a fim de formar um cenário situacional, e de auxiliar a tomada de decisão e a elaboração da estratégia corporativa. Iniciativas de inteligência competitiva também consomem recursos organizacionais e, mesmo com o potencial benefício esperado com seus resultados, muitos são abandonados ainda em fase de planejamento. Outros são abortados após o início das atividades, ou até após algum tempo de funcionamento, uma vez verificado que não estão satisfazendo os objetivos organizacionais. O objetivo desse trabalho é identificar quais fatores levam a organização a abandonar iniciativas de inteligência competitiva, e como esses fatores surgem e se desenvolvem dentro das organizações, tomando-se por base fatores já previamente levantados por autores que estudaram fracassos de projetos de implantação de sistemas de informação. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de pesquisa, englobando também fatores operacionais desejáveis na execução das atividades de inteligência. O estudo investigou em profundidade três casos de abandono de projetos de inteligência, em empresas de grande porte, que possuíam atividades de inteligência desenvolvidas sobre estrutura, modo de funcionamento e níveis de maturidade distintos. Como resultado do trabalho, foi identificado que a perenidade das atividades de inteligência possui uma grande dependência do apoio da alta administração, de uma cultura voltada à utilização e compartilhamento de informações e de um pleno entendimento dos conceitos e objetivos pretendidos. Questões relativas a deficiências operacionais das atividades não foram identificadas como capazes de influenciar a decisão de abandono, representando um grande conhecimento do assunto por parte desses profissionais. Conclusões gerais do trabalho, considerações sobre as limitações e dificuldades para a realização da pesquisa e sugestões para futuros estudos são trazidos.
Companies in a globalized market adopts, since the last half of the 20th century, many initiatives to build competitive strategies that garantees the long term survival. Some of this initiatives may be seen as competitive intelligence projects that, although many terms they are known, can be resumed in the search and compreension of external information if the environment of the company, to form a situational scenario, and to assist decision-making and the development of corporate strategy. Competitive intelligence initiatives also consume organizational resources and, even with the potential benefit with its expected results, many are left still in the planning stages. Others are aborted after the start of activities, or even after some time of operation, once verified that are not meeting organizational objectives.The aim of this study is to identify which factors lead the organization to abandon competitive intelligence initiatives, and how these factors arise and develop within organizations, taking as base factors previously raised by authors who have studied the failures of information systems implementation projects. It was developed a research model, encompassing operational factors also desirable in carrying out intelligence activities. The study investigated, in a deep way, three cases of abandonment of intelligence projects in large companies, who possessed intelligence activities disposed in deferent structures, modes of operation and different levels of maturity. As a result of the work, it was identified that the perpetuity of the intelligence activities has a large dependence on the support of sênior management, a culture dedicated to the use and sharing of information and a full understanding of the concepts and objectives intended. Questions regarding the operational deficiencies of the activities were not identified as capable of influencing the decision to drop, representing a wide knowledge of the subject by these professionals. General conclusions of the work, considerations about the limitations and difficulties for the research and suggestions for future studies are brought.

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Formánková, Helena. "Posouzení neúspěchu podnikání začínající OSVČ." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12377.

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The goal of this thesis is defined factors that influenced procces of business, especially start-up phases. Activity of concrete enterpriser is on example of most frequent mistakes and deficiencies. At the same time there are specified facts, when an enterpriser underestimates incurred situations and ignores them. That can be cause of business activity abortion.

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Khan, Khalid. "The violation of psychological contract : possible causes for the failure of organizational incentive systems to motivate knowledge sharing : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Human Resource Management, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1223.

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Researchers and practitioners have linked the survivability of organization to their ability to manage their knowledge resource. This ability of the organizations depends on providing the technological support for the creation of knowledge, organizational structures (such as the organization reward systems) and the willingness of their employees to share their knowledge. Developments in information and communication technologies have facilitated organizations in developing the infrastructures that are required for the dissemination of knowledge. Organizations are thus left with the challenge of developing organizational structures that will motivate knowledge sharing among its employees. The knowledge sharing problem, which was once seen as an issue of capturing can codifying information, is now seen as a challenge of motivating individuals, the true owner of knowledge, to share their valuable resource. Behavioural scientists have taken interest in knowledge sharing as a form of helping behaviour which is directed at the organizations or member within the organizations. Although organizations have great desire that their managers engage in this behaviour, it is the discretion of their employees whether they want to share or withhold their knowledge. Organizational structural control mechanisms (such as the performance evaluation systems) have limited success in enforcing such behaviour as there are no means of measuring its outputs. Organizations depend on their incentive systems to motivate knowledge sharing. Research into motivation indicates that there is no easy fix to achieve this. Organizations have to balance the use extrinsic and intrinsic motivators, considering the specific motivational requirements of their employees. Motivational interventions, such as the use of incentives, are dependent on the level of trust the employees have in their managers and the organization in whole to deliver on those incentives in a fair and equitable manner. Where trust levels are not sufficient, employees tend to ignore such incentives and tend to further disinvest discretionary efforts. The current study used the psychological contract theory as a frame work for understanding the dynamics of the employee-employer exchange. The central premise of the theory is that employees tend to lose trust in the organization or the agent of the organization, when they perceive that their expectations have not been met. In addition to the lost of trust, psychological contract violation is also negatively associated with desirable organization behaviours and attitudes – such as commitment, in-role and extra-role effort – and is positively associated with undesirable organization behaviours and attitudes such as intention of turnover. The current study used a qualitative research design to investigate how the violation of the psychological contract can add to the ineffectiveness of the organization incentive system to motivate knowledge sharing. Using semistructured interviews the participants were provided with short scenarios (vignettes) which simulated occurrences of psychological contract violation. The participants, acting as informants, responded to question with regards to how the situations depicted in the vignettes would affect the vignette characters’ work behaviours, specifically their desire to share knowledge.

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Greenway, Elisabeth Virginia. "Causes and consequences of mating failure in the Lygaeidae." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15615.

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Natural selection should favour fertile individuals who are able to successfully copulate and pass or receive sperm. However a non-trivial number of copulations fail to result in offspring production across a wide range of taxa, despite investment in securing access to mates and their gametes. Over the course of this thesis, I investigate both the causes and consequences of this phenomenon in the seed bug species Lygaeus simulans, in which mating failure rates of up to 60% have been documented. Lygaeids are highly polyandrous and engage in prolonged matings and males possess elongate genitalia which display high levels of inter-specific morphological diversity. Despite this variation, after performing comparative behavioural trials across five related lygaeid species, I found mating failure rates were ubiquitously high. Upon dissection, mating failure was shown to be predominantly caused by sperm transfer failure. Rather than occurring randomly, these mating failures were significantly repeatable within individual males, constituting a male-associated phenotype. Subsequent quantitative genetic analysis revealed genetic variation underlying failure and associated behavioural traits, but no heritability, implying high levels of environmental variation determine this phenotype. Despite the non-random occurrence of mating failure, ‘L. simulans' females were found to show no pre-copulatory discrimination between previously successful and previously unsuccessful mates. In an effort to establish if cryptic female choice is partially responsible for the rates of mating failure observed I then experimentally manipulated female muscular control during mating using anaesthesia. Female anaesthesia greatly shortened mating duration, but I found little conclusive evidence that females either actively prevent or enable successful male intromission. Uncovering and characterising the presence of such counter-intuitively high and potentially adaptive levels of mating failure challenges out understanding of how natural and sexual selection shape primary sexual function and fertility, and highlights the importance of post-copulatory interactions in successful reproduction.

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Theis, John D. (John Dennis). "Three Essays in Business Failure." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278851/.

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This dissertation consists of three essays exploring market reactions to business failure. In the first essay, the filing strategies are divided into three basic types, voluntary, involuntary and prepackaged. The second essay provides insight into industry wide factors impacting assimilation of information by the market. The third essay provides a view of the GARCH-M model in measuring a risk premium as a firm approaches bankruptcy.

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Weatherhead, I. "Causes of graft failure in Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374703.

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Torfeh, Massoumeh. "The causes of the failure of democracy in Iran 1941-53." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406181.

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Andrews, Michael McMillan. "Knowledge-based debugging : matching program behaviour against known causes of failure." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/14017/.

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Atalla, Angela. "Sleep disordered breathing in chronic heart failure : causes, consequences and treatment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11672.

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Chronic heart failure (HF) is a prevalent clinical syndrome in which both central and obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) have been described. The aim of this research was to investigate the mechanisms causing central SDB, their consequences with reference to sleep and physical activity, and the way in which treatment modalities may modify these. The first study of this thesis is the SERVE-HF study, a randomised controlled trial of adaptive servoventilation (ASV) to treat central SDB in patients with CHF. This study is ongoing and aims to test the hypothesis that patients randomised to ASV will have a reduction in mortality compared to controls. Data regarding those randomised at the Royal Brompton Hospital are presented alongside data on ventilator compliance in the ASV group. The second study investigated ventilatory control, in HF patients both with and without SDB. It tested the hypothesis that those with central SDB had heightened chemosensitivity (assessed by the hypercapnic ventilatory response, HCVR) compared to those with no SDB and older healthy controls. The third study explored the effect of treatment on ventilatory control by testing the hypothesis that the implantation of a cardiac-resynchronisation therapy pacemaker would be associated with a reduction in the HCVR from baseline to 3 months post implantation. The fourth study investigated the consequences of SDB in CHF. Physical activity, subjective sleepiness and sleep were assessed in patients with CHF and older healthy controls to test the hypothesis that physical activity would be reduced in those with central SDB compared to those without SDB, and reduced in both patient groups compared to the controls. In summary, this thesis investigated the mechanisms underlying central SDB in patients with HF, to elucidate their consequences, both by day and night and to address the ways in which treatment modalities may modify these pathophysiological mechanisms. [For supplementary files please contact author].

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Bennett-Richards, Katy. "Endothelial dysfunction in children with chronic renal failure : causes and therapies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445397/.

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Premature death from cardiovascular disease is common amongst adult patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The implication for paediatric patients, the majority of whom now survive into adulthood, is that they maybe similarly affected but at an earlier age. Children with CRF already show signs of arterial disease in the absence of classical risk factors. The aim of this research was to develop ways of improving the outcome for children with CRF by investigating the effect of interventions on vascular function. Vascular endothelial function, which is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) (an antiatherogenic substance) can be measured using a non-invasive technique of high resolution ultrasound. Abnormal responses represent the earliest change in the pathogenesis of vascular disease and may be reversible. Bioavailability of NO may be reduced in CRF due to low levels of precursors, increased levels of inhibitors and increased oxidant stresses. The hypotheses examined were: 1) Dietary supplementation with L-arginine (the substrate for NO synthetase) improves large vessel endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and NO bioavailability. 2) Dietary supplementation with folic acid reduces homocysteine levels and improves large vessel endothelium-dependent dilatation. 3) Haemodialysis improves large vessel endothelium-dependent dilatation by lowering homocysteine levels, removing inhibitors of NO synthesis, reducing oxidative stress and/or removing free radicals. Methodology was double blinded, randomized and placebo controlled in children with stable CRF in the absence of classical risk factors for atherosclerosis. Endothelial function was measured in the brachial artery. Biochemical measures of NO activity and oxidant stress were also measured, along with the acute effect of haemodialysis on endothelial function. We demonstrated that L-arginine was not beneficial as a therapeutic agent. Folic acid improved vascular function and is now used routinely in all children with CRF at Gt Ormond St Hospital. Haemodialysis had an adverse effect on vascular function-an observation that needs further study as the process in itself may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

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Tajik, Mohammad. "Banking instability : causes and remedies." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10667.

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The recent U.S. subprime mortgage crisis rapidly spread throughout the world and put the global financial system under extraordinary pressure. The main implication of the recent crisis is that complex banking regulations failed to adequately identify and limit riskiness of banking systems at both domestic and international levels. In spite of a large empirical literature on the causes and remedies of the recent crisis, there remains substantial uncertainty on (i) how risk measuring models performed during crisis, (ii) how systematic factors such as house prices affected the financial system, and (iii) how effectively government policy responses resolved the financial crisis. This thesis seeks to narrow this gap in the literature by offering three empirical essays. The first essay investigates the performance of alternative parametric VaR models in forecasting riskiness of international equity portfolios. Notably, alternative univariate VaR models are compared to multivariate conditional volatility models with special focus given to conditional correlation models. Conditional correlation models include the constant conditional correlation (CCC), dynamic conditional correlation (DCC), and asymmetric DCC (ADCC) models. Various criteria are then applied for backtesting VaR models and to evaluate their one-day-ahead forecasting ability in a wide range of countries and during different global financial conditions. It is found that most VaR models have satisfactory performance with small number of violations during pre-crisis period. However, the number of violations, mean deviation of violations, and maximum deviation of violations dramatically increase during crisis period. Furthermore, portfolio models incur lower number of violations compared to univariate models while DCC and ADCC models perform better than CCC models during crisis period. From risk management perspective, most single index models fail to pass Basel criteria for internal VaR models during crisis period, whereas empirical evidence on the choice between CCC, DCC, and ADCC models is mixed. The recent crisis also raised serious concerns about factors that can systematically destabilise the whole banking system. In particular, the collapse of house prices in the United States triggered the recent subprime mortgage crisis, which was associated with a sharp increase in the number of nonperforming loans and bank failures. This in turn demonstrates the key role that house prices play in systematically undermining the whole banking system. The second essay investigates the determinants of nonperforming loans (NPL) with a special focus on house price fluctuations as a key systematic factor. Using a panel of U.S. banking institutions from 1999 to 2012, the analysis is carried out across different loan categories, different types of banks, and different bank size. It is found that house price fluctuations have a significant impact on the evolution of nonperforming loans, while the magnitude of their impact varies across loan categories, institution types, and between large and small banks. Also, the impact of house price fluctuations on nonperforming loans is more pronounced during crisis period. The last essay of this thesis investigates the effectiveness of the U.S. government strategy to combat the crisis. As a comprehensive response to the recent financial crisis, the US government created the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). The Capital Purchase Program (CPP) was launched as an initial program under the TARP. The CPP was designed to purchase preferred stocks or equity warrants from viable financial institutions. Using a large panel of the U.S. commercial banks over the period 2007Q1 to 2012Q4, survival analysis is used to investigate the impact of TARP funds on the likelihood of survival in the recipient banks. It is found that larger recipient banks are more likely to avoid regulatory closure, while receiving capital assistance does not effectively help banks to avoid technical failure. This implies that governmental capital assistance serves larger banks much better than their smaller counterparts. In addition, TARP recipients are more likely to be acquired, regardless of their size and financial health. In summary, the empirical findings reveal that capital infusions do not enhance the survival likelihood of the recipient banking institutions.

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Gustafson, Torbjörn. "Causes and treatment of chronic respiratory failure : experience of a national register." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1473.

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Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) or home mechanical ventilation (HMV) can improve survival time in chronic respiratory failure. A national quality register could be an aid to identifying risk markers and optimizing therapy for respiratory failure. Aims: ▪To identify risk markers for chronic respiratory failure, especially when triggered by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). ▪To predict sex-related differences in the future need of LTOT for COPD and to study sex related survival rate in COPD patients starting LTOT. ▪To investigate if HMV is more effective than LTOT alone in treating chronic respiratory failure caused by kyphoscoliosis. ▪To evaluate the use of quality indicators in LTOT. Methods: Swedish national registers for LTOT and HMV were established in 1987 and 1996 respectively. They were reconstructed in 2004 to form the web-based register Swedevox. Indications for LTOT were based on the guidelines from the Swedish Society for Respiratory Medicine. The incidence and prevalence of LTOT for COPD were measured annually from 1987 to 2000, and the future need for LTOT was estimated on the basis of the frequency of ever smoking in Sweden in 2001 in different age groups. A postal questionnaire on occupational exposures was completed by 181 patients with severe pulmonary fibrosis who started LTOT between 1997 and 2000, and by 757 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Time to death was evaluated in kyphoscoliotic patients starting HMV or LTOT alone in 1996-2004. Ten quality indicators were defined and evaluated based on data from patients starting LTOT in 1987-2005. Results: The incidence each year of LTOT in COPD patients increased more rapidly in women than in men (from 2.0 and 2.8/100,000 in 1987 to 7.6 and 7.1/100,000 in 2000 respectively, (p < 0.001)). Women ran a 1.9 times higher risk than men to develop chronic hypoxemia from COPD and had a higher survival rate during LTOT. In men, IPF was associated with exposure to birch dust with an OR 2.7, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–5.65) and with hardwood dust, OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.14–6.52). Patients with kyphoscoliosis showed a better survival rate with HMV than with LTOT alone with a hazard ratio of 0.30 (95%CI 0.18-0.51), adjusted for age, sex, concomitant respiratory diseases, and blood gas levels. There were improvements in the following eight quality indicators for LTOT: access to LTOT, PaO2 ≤ 7.3 kPa without oxygen, no current smoking, low number of thoracic deformity patients without concomitant HMV, LTOT > 16 hours of oxygen/day, mobile oxygen equipment, reassessment of hypoxemia when LTOT was not started in a stable state COPD, and avoidance of continuous oral steroids in COPD. There was a decline in the indicator PaO2 > 8 kPa on oxygen. First-year survival rate in COPD was unchanged. Conclusions: The incidence and prevalence of LTOT increase more rapidly in women than in men. Survival rate during LTOT in COPD is better in women than in men. Exposure to birch and hardwood dust may contribute to the risk of IPF in men. Survival rate in patients with kyphoscoliosis was three times better with HMV than with LTOT alone. The national quality register for LTOT showed improvements in eight out of ten quality indicators. Levels for excellent quality in the indicators are suggested.

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Gustafson, Torbjörn. "Causes and treatment of chronic respiratory failure : experience of a national register /." Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1473.

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Nkhalamba, Emmanuel Silvester. "An investigation into project management failure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51607.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As modern business environment continues to be uncertain and risky due to rapid changes in technology, consumer tastes and international trade that exposes smaller economies to larger and stronger economies of the world, smaller organisations to larger multinationals, conventional management approach becomes inadequate. Better methods of managing business and projects have to be found in order to deal with tough competition. Before 1970's, very few people ever talked about project management. This could be attributed to relatively stable environment in which the rate of change was either bearable or easily predicted. It was relatively easy to use established management rules, tools and procedures to deal with such changes. However, since the 1980's, the scenario has changed, organisations are struggling to cope with the pace of change and the pressure is on for organisations either to adapt or die. Consequently, project management has become the sought after management alternative to deal with this unprecedented rate of change and for survival. Project management attractions are mainly its emphasis on teamwork and multidisciplinary approach. It holistic approach makes it very useful in unfamiliar and risky projects in which information is either scanty or overwhelming. The need for project management in such situations cannot be overemphasized. As the business environment continues to become more chaotic, project management will continue to be the management tool of the 21st Century. Organisations that fail to learn the new technique of project managing their business will soon find themselves unable to compete or even survive. This study project examines through a review of relevant literature and by means of a questionnaire the critical factors that constitute project management failure. Questions like what impact can project management failure have on an organisation? What managerial and environmental factors can lead to project management failure? These and other similar questions on this subject are answered. Management, especially top management, would do well to address these factors as proposed in this study findings if they hope to remain operational in this century. The onus is on the leaders of organisations to ensure that their organisations are able to compete, grow and deliver to the satisfaction of shareholders and their customers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos die moderne besigheidsomgewing onseker en vol risikos bly, as gevolg van drastiese veranderinge in tegnologie, verbruikersondervinding en internasionale handel wat die kleiner ekonomie blootstel aan die groter ekonomie van die wereld, kleiner organisasies aan groter organisasies, word konvensionele bestuursbenadering onvoldoende. Beter metodes van besigheidsbestuur en projekte sal gevind moet word, om te kan kompeteer met gevestigde kompetisie. Voor die 1970's het bitter min mense oor Projekbestuur gepraat. Dit kan toegeskryf word aan 'n taamlik stabiele omgewing waarin die spoed van verandering aanvaarbaar of maklik voorspelbaar was. Dit was betreklik maklik om die bestaande bestuursreëls, werksmetode en prosedures te gebruik om by te hou by sulke veranderinge. Vanaf die 1980's het hierdie prentjie egter verander. Organisasies sukkel om by te hou by die pas van verandering en die druk is op dié organisasies om aan te pas of onder te gaan. Gevolglik het dit'n alternatief geword om by hierdie veranderinge aan te pas en te oorleef. Projekbestuur se aantrekkingskrag lê daarin dat dit die klem plaas op spanwerk en veelsydige dissipline. Die holistiese benadering maak dit baie nuttig in onbekende en gevaarlike projekte waarin inligting skaars of oorweldigend is. Die behoefte aan Projekbestuur in sulke situasies kan nie genoeg beklemtoon word nie. Soos die besigheidsomgewing chaoties word, so sal die bestuur aanhou om die besigheidstyl van die 21ste eeu te wees. Organisasies wat nalaat om die nuwe tegnieke aan te leer, sal gou agterkom dat hulle nie kan kompeteer of miskien oorleef nie. Hierdie studieprojek ondersoek deur middel van toepaslike literatuur en vraelyste die kritieke faktore wat die mislukking van Projekbestuur konstitueer. Vrae soos, watter inpak kan die mislukking van die bestuur op 'n organisasie hê; watter bestuurs- en omgewingsfaktore kan lei tot die mislukking van Produkbestuur? Hierdie en soortgelyke vrae ten opsigte van hierdie onderwerp word beantwoord. Bestuur, en veral seniorbestuur, sal goed doen om hierdie bevindinge te bestudeer as hulle hoop om operasioneel te bly in hierdie eeu. Die verantwoordelikheid lê by die leiers van organisasies om seker te maak dat hulle kan kompeteer, groei en 'n diens lewer na die satisfaksie van die aandeelhouers en hulle kliënte.

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22

Murphy, Jeffrey S. "Causes of Seeding Failure within the Tooele Fire Rehabilitation Project in Northwestern Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6452.

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The original purpose of this study was to examine the influences of ecological site, seeding method and planting season on rangeland seeding success within the Tooele Fire Rehabilitation Project (TFRP) in northwestern Utah. The major objective of the TFRP, designed by the USDI Bureau of Land Management, was to establish a permanent cover of 'Nordan' crested wheatgrass (Aqropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes), 'Luna' pubescent wheat grass (Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkw. and D. R. Dewey) and 'Al kar' tall wheatqrass (Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. and D. R. Dewey) on approximately 20,000 ha of rangeland burned by a wildfire in July 1983. Thirteen combinations of site, method and planting season were identified within the study area; each was treated as an experimental unit. There were no significant differences (Pi0.05) in seedling densities between these treatment combinations. Means ranged from O to 1.9 seedlings/m2. There was significant variation (Pi0.05) among seedling densities within each treatment combination. Because of low seedling densities and non-uniform seedling establishment patterns, seedings within the study area were failures. Study effort was redirected to identify the causes of seeding failure. viii Among planting seasons and seeding methods, spring plantings and broadcast seeding contributed to failure. Most sites within the study area were suitable for seeding, with the exception of desert shallow loam. This site should not have been seeded because of steep topography and shallow soil. Planting during spring, broadcast seeding and the seeding of low potential sites explained only localized failure, however. The absence of crested wheatgrass seedlings within the study area was a major factor contributing to failure. Only two crested wheatgrass plants were found on a total of 195 permanently established transects. Of the three species seeded, crested wheatgrass was the best adapted to site conditions. Seeding technique was considered the most important factor causing failure. Contract workers on the project had no rangeland seeding experience. Drills were not properly equipped to control seed placement at the proper soil depth. Seeding was done during periods when site conditions were unfavorable. There was no evidence suggesting weather, grasshopper damage or cheatgrass competition caused failure.

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Tansky, Judith A. "An effective employee development discussion : the causes and consequences." Connect to resource, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261504254.

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Tekel, Onur. "Business Failure Predictions In Istanbul Stock Exchange." Thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610621/index.pdf.

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This study aims to develop business failure prediction models using the data of selected firms from ISE markets. The sample data comprise ten selected financial ratios for 27 non-going concerns (failed businesses) and paired 27 going concerns. Two non-parametric classification methods are used in the study: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Decision Trees. The classification results show that there is equilibrium in the classification of the training samples by the models, but ANN model outperform the decision tree model in the classification of the testing samples. Further, the potential usefulness of ANN and Decision Tree type data mining techniques in the analysis of complex and non-linear relationships are observed.

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Davenport, Sarah E. "Potential Causes of Extrauterine Growth Failure in Premature Infants Born Appropriate for Gestational Age." eScholarship@UMMS, 2021. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1137.

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Background: Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is multifactorial in etiology and predisposes infants to multiple morbidities that can be significantly ameliorated by adequate nutrition and appropriate longitudinal growth. Current strategies to reduce the risk of EUGR include optimization of parental nutrition, varying schedules of feeding advances, and caloric supplementation. Very low birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants are particularly affected by EUGR, therefore ensuring adequate postnatal growth is an essential component in improving the long-term health outcomes for VLBW infants. The objectives of this observational study were to examine potential risk factors for growth failure among premature infants that did not respond to caloric and volume supplementation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all infants born at the University of Massachusetts level III NICU from January 2016 to June 2020. Growth was tracked using PediTools electronic gestational age and growth calculators. (17) We reviewed the EMRs of infants who met the criteria for EUGR at the time of hospital discharge for a variety of potential factors affecting growth. Results: Overall, a total of 448 infants were screened with a final study cohort of 358 infants, of which 13% were discharge with EUGR. Analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics of infants with EUGR before and after nutritional intervention showed no statistically significant differences between the two cohorts. Pre-protocol, only weight percentiles and z-scores were statistically significant. Post-protocol, the change in z-score was also statistically significant. The only factor found to be statistically significantly different between was Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Timing of EUGR in the pre-protocol groups occurred between 33-35 weeks, while in the post-protocol group EUGR occurred between 32 and 37 weeks (Figure 2). Conclusions: Our findings confirmed the presence of several factors that have been previously shown to increase risk for EUGR, including male sex, lower gestational age, lower birth weight, and the occurrence of NEC. It also identified an additional risk factor, that of being born “constitutionally small”. In the post-protocol cohort, the change in z-score was statistically significant in addition to birth weight percentile and z-score and discharge weight percentile in z-score. The window in which EUGR occurred as well as the interquartile range was significantly widened post-protocol. These data suggest that the volume supplementation protocol successfully addressed the causes of EUGR in some infants, but other mechanisms may have occurred in infants who were still discharged with EUGR post-protocol.

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Ciné, Eddy. "Elementary school student beliefs about the causes of success and failure in music instruction." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2368.

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The purpose of this research was to survey elementary school students and find out to which causes they attribute their success or failure in music. Three hundred and ninety-eight students from local schools were chosen at random to answer survey questions placed in the causal categories of Ability, Luck, Effort and Task-Difficulty. This technique is derived from the Attribution Theory; Weiner (1974). These categories were separated into four sub-categories: ability (internal-stable), effort (internal-unstable), task-difficulty (external-stable) and luck (external-unstable). The results show minimal differences amongst the younger students. The scores also show that the intermediate students chose luck and task difficulty as less important than ability and effort, and the stable attributions more important than the unstable attributions. The grade level scores exposed no differences in "ability and luck", and the sex category revealed no differences in "ability, luck and task-difficulty". Females, however, stated that "effort" is more important than the males did.

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Szymanski, Patryk Zygmunt. "Clinical characteristics, causes, adherence to heart failure treatment guidelines and mortality of patients with acute heart failure: the Groote Schuur Hospital experience." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22820.

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Background: There is limited information on acute heart failure (AHF) and the treatment thereof in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, causes, adherence to heart failure (HF) treatment guidelines and mortality of patients presenting to Groote Schuur Hospital with acute heart failure (AHF). Methods: This is a sub-study of The Sub-Saharan Africa Survey of Heart Failure (THESUSHF). This sub-study is a prospective and observational survey that focused on the enrolment and follow-up of additional patients with AHF presenting to Groote Schuur Hospital entered into the existing registry, following the publication of the primary paper of THESUS-HF in 2012. The patients were classified into prevalent (or existing) or incident (or new) cases of heart failure. Results: Of the 119 patients included, 69 (58%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 49.9 (16.3) years. Prevalent cases were mostly of mixed ancestry (63.3%) with more hypertension (70%), diabetes mellitus (36.7%), hyperlipidaemia (33.3%) and ischaemic heart disease (36.7%) than incident cases. The main causes of heart failure were cardiomyopathy (20.2%), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (19.3%) and rheumatic valvular heart disease (RHD) (18.5%). Most patients received renin-angiotensin system blockers and loop diuretics on discharge. There was a low rate of β-blocker, aldosterone antagonist and digoxin use. Rehospitalisation at 180 days occurred in 25.2%. In-hospital mortality was 8.4 % and the case fatality rate at six months was 26.1%. Conclusion: In Cape Town the main causes of AHF are cardiomyopathy, IHD and RHD. AHF affects a young population and is associated with a high rate of rehospitalisation and mortality. There is a serious under-use of β-blockers, aldosterone antagonists and digoxin. An emphasis on the rigorous application of treatment guidelines is needed in order to reduce re-admission and mortality.

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Pang, Penney. "New Zealand business failure and its macroeconomic variables." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accounting and Information Systems, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2705.

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Although business failure is essentially a microeconomic phenomenon which reflects a particular firm's situation, the likelihood of business failure can also be influenced by the economic conditions of the nation in which the business operates. Within the New Zealand context, previous macroeconomic studies of business failure focused on registered companies, and overlooked the importance of unincorporated entities. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to re-examine the relationship between business failure, including both incorporated and unincorporated entities, and the aggregate economy. Accordingly, two research questions are developed: what are the incorporated and unincorporated business failure rates, and what macroeconomic variables explain the changes in the level of business failure. This study estimates the failure of unincorporated businesses by using bankruptcy statistics of "employers of labour" and "working on own account but not employing labour." This study concentrates on three kinds of business failure during the period of 1947 to 1998, courtordered company liquidations, company receiverships, and unincorporated bankruptcies; correspondingly, three lagged multiple regression models are developed. This study found that there is a relationship between business failure and the nation's economic conditions, especially the country's monetary conditions, economic activity, and new business formation. It was also found that economic activity has the greatest and most immediate impact on the level of business failure.

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Dantas, Gustavo Ferreira. "How business models can affect startup failure : Monkey´n Apps Business Study." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19331.

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Mestrado em Gestão/MBA
As startups são jovens empresas de base tecnológica focadas no desenvolvimento de produtos ou serviços de ponta, sob condições de incerteza. Nesse cenário, um modelo de negócios inadequado pode levar a uma falha nos negócios, pois o modelo de negócios descreve a arquitetura dos elementos que permitem que uma organização crie, configure e valor apropriado. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo identificar como os modelos de negócios estão associados ao fracasso de startups. Para esse fim, usamos um único estudo de caso baseado em uma startup brasileira, a Monkey'n Apps. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com o fundador e um funcionário. A análise avalia as construções apresentadas no modelo de negócios integrado de Wirtz (2016) e, em seguida, relacionamos esses modelos parciais aos processos de criação de valor, configuração de valor e apropriação de valor. Nossos resultados sugerem que a inicialização falhou devido ao modelo de recursos. Apesar de ser o modelo parcial mais crítico, o modelo de recursos foi caracterizado por um desalinhamento entre os fundadores, o que levou a uma liderança fraca. A falta de habilidades gerenciais contribuiu para deteriorar o ambiente da empresa, que mais tarde deixou o fundador ignorar seu principal ativo, seus funcionários.
Startups are young technology-based companies focused on developing state-of-the-art products or services under conditions of uncertainty. In this scenario, an inappropriate business model can lead to business failure since the business model describes the architecture of the elements that allow an organization to create, configure, and appropriate value. This dissertation aims to identify how business models are associated with the failure of startups. For this purpose, we use a single case-study based on one Brazilian startup, Monkey'n Apps. The data was collected through interviews with the founder and one employee. Our analyses evaluate the constructs presented on Wirtz's (2016) integrated business model and then we relate those partial models to the processes of value creation, value configuration and value appropriation. Our results suggest that the start-up failed because of the resource model. Despite being the most critical partial model, the resource model was characterized by a misalignment between the founders led to a poor leadership. The lack of management skills contributed deteriorate the environment in the company that later on let the founder to ignore their primary asset, their employees.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Sansana, José Carlos. "Empreendedorismo sustentável: causas da mortalidade das micro e pequenas empresas no município de Guarapuava-PR no período de 2006 a 2010." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/692.

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O presente trabalho visa conhecer as causas das falências das micro e pequenas empresas – MPEs, no município de Guarapuava-PR., no período de 2006 a 2010. Na pesquisa foi levantado o número de MPEs criadas e encerradas no período em estudo, nos setores comercial, industrial e de serviços; além disso, como amostra, foram entrevistados seis representantes de instituições vinculadas e de fomento às MPEs, entendendo que a identificação dos prováveis fatores causadores da extinção dessas empresas poderá contribuir para o surgimento de novos empreendimentos em condições mais favoráveis à obtenção de sucesso empresarial. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, onde foram submetidas aos respondentes uma série de indagações no campo das variáveis econômicas, sociais e ambientais e a performance das empresas extintas nos diferentes quesitos dessas variáveis. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram uma menor ou ínfima contribuição das variáveis sociais e ambientais e uma participação predominante das variáveis econômicas como causadoras das falências das empresas, dado ao pequeno conhecimento de gestão empresarial, com falhas e omissões em todas as áreas funcionais das mesmas. Concluiu-se, também, que mesmo atravessando dificuldades de toda ordem, ocorreu nas MPEs que fecharam as portas, um grande obstáculo de natureza cultural de não procurar auxílio, orientação ou consultoria junto às instituições especializadas.
The present study aims to know the causes of micro and small enterprises – MPEs bankruptcy in Guarapuava –PR, from 2006 to 2010. In the research, it was raised the number of MPEs that were created and closed during that period in the commercial, industrial and services sectors; besides, six representatives from linked institutions and of promotion for the MPEs, understanding that the identification of the probable causes of the extinction of those enterprises can contribute for the arising of new ventures in better conditions to enterprising success. The methodology approach used was the qualitative research, where the respondents were asked to answer several questions about the economical, social and environmental variables and the performance of the extinct enterprises in the different issues of those variables. The obtained results evidenced a minor or very small contribution of the social and environmental variables and a very big one of the economical variable as causes for the enterprises bankruptcy, due to the little knowledge of business management, with failures and omissions in all their functional areas. It was possible to conclude as well that, even going through problems of all sorts, an obstacle of cultural nature occurred in the MEPs that closed their doors: they did not seek for assistance, orientation or consulting with the specialized institutions.

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Edkins, Antony John Jameson. "An investigation into the perceived causes of the failure and success of a secondary school." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429737.

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Ngewu, Caroline Pumza Bongeka. "Causes of high failure rate among matriculants in the Qumbu District, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1007292.

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The study sought to establish the causes of high failure rate among matriculants in the Qumbu district in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A qualitative research design was adopted. Interviews were used to collect data. The sample (N=21) was made up of 12 teachers, 3 learners from each of the selected 3 schools. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the participants. The data were thematically analyzed. The study concluded that parents were not involved in the teaching and learning of their children. There was a lack of learner-teacher support material and infrastructure in schools and this affected learner‟s performance. Disciplinary issues involving both teachers and learners negatively affected the performance of learners. The medium of instruction in schools also affected performance because in some schools learners were taught in Xhosa and that resulted in poor performance at school. The study recommended that parents need to be encouraged to be actively involved. Infrastructure needs to be improved in schools and more classrooms should be built. Learners need discipline and society at large should be involved in moulding learners and teachers‟ in this regard (Teachers should lead by example). In addition, teachers and learners need to be motivated to use English as a medium of instruction and teachers ought to use English when they communicate with learners.

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Al-Karaghouli, Wafi Yousif Ramadaan. "Information systems failure : a business-led knowledge requirements framework for modelling business requirements." Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6302.

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Our work will be mainly concerned with improving the crucial first stage (the requirements stage) of any system development methodology in order to improve requirements. A framework has been developed, called "knowledge requirements framework (KRF)" to help customers and system developers bridge the knowledge and understanding gaps at the initial requirements stage of the Information Technology System (ITS) development process. Unclear business requirements, mismatch of knowledge and understanding are among the major factors that contributes to some ITS failures worldwide. The aim is to capture functional requirements at the initial stage of the system development process and to integrate systems and people use them in the development process. Multi-surveys are conducted, capture and highlight the criteria of initial requirements exactness and executability. Knowledge and understanding gaps, which occur in the development process, are described. These gaps constitute the problem at the invisible architecture in the initial requirements stage, as they expose mismatch of both knowledge and understanding problems (Requirements/Specifications). A notation to describe this framework is elaborated, novel techniques and tools for the construction and application of customer requirements in systems development are developed and used in KRF to facilitate bridging these gaps. The resulting prototype KRF is developed and used against some example problems in retail organisations, and so shown to be sufficient in principle of handling all the negotiation problems at the initial requirements stage, singly and in combination. Also, it is shown how KRF sub-process can be combined and used to elicit information and knowledge mining between both the customer and the system developer using human communication and interaction capture as an example. Systems these days are living systems, changeable, in business and the human factor in developing them cannot be excluded. It is further shown how these techniques and tools can be augmented with established methodologies rather than inventing new ones and to enable management to react as quickly as possible to global changing market conditions. This proposed framework is also evaluated and tested against the original criteria of initial requirements, exactness and executability.

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Neophytou, Evi. "Multivariate techniques in corporate failure prediction." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273867.

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Haensly, Paul J. "The Application of Statistical Classification to Business Failure Prediction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278187/.

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Bankruptcy is a costly event. Holders of publicly traded securities can rely on security prices to reflect their risk. Other stakeholders have no such mechanism. Hence, methods for accurately forecasting bankruptcy would be valuable to them. A large body of literature has arisen on bankruptcy forecasting with statistical classification since Beaver (1967) and Altman (1968). Reported total error rates typically are 10%-20%, suggesting that these models reveal information which otherwise is unavailable and has value after financial data is released. This conflicts with evidence on market efficiency which indicates that securities markets adjust rapidly and actually anticipate announcements of financial data. Efforts to resolve this conflict with event study methodology have run afoul of market model specification difficulties. A different approach is taken here. Most extant criticism of research design in this literature concerns inferential techniques but not sampling design. This paper attempts to resolve major sampling design issues. The most important conclusion concerns the usual choice of the individual firm as the sampling unit. While this choice is logically inconsistent with how a forecaster observes financial data over time, no evidence of bias could be found. In this paper, prediction performance is evaluated in terms of expected loss. Most authors calculate total error rates, which fail to reflect documented asymmetries in misclassification costs and prior probabilities. Expected loss overcomes this weakness and also offers a formal means to evaluate forecasts from the perspective of stakeholders other than investors. This study shows that cost of misclassifying bankruptcy must be at least an order of magnitude greater than cost of misclassifying nonbankruptcy before discriminant analysis methods have value. This conclusion follows from both sampling experiments on historical financial data and Monte Carlo experiments on simulated data. However, the Monte Carlo experiments reveal that as the cost ratio increases, robustness of linear discriminant rules improves; performance appears to depend more on the cost ratio than form of the distributions.

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Hurtig, Andersen Philip, and Martina Björhag. "Responses from Firm Failure- Attributions and Emotions." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-8623.

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Wijaya, Doddy Hendra. "SERVICE FAILURE IN JAKARTA PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4576.

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Wesley, Michael. "Casualties of the new world order : the causes of failure of UN missions to civil wars /." London : New York : Macmillan press ; St. Martin's press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37519388n.

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Zhang, Shu. "A nonsense mutation in the DNA repair factor Hebo causes mild bone marrow failure and microcephaly." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB119/document.

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L'objectif principal de chaque forme de vie à transmettent fidèlement aux descendants ainsi que les renseignements génétiques auto - survie. Agents endogènes et environnementales en attaque ce processus. Pour résister à ces menaces et protéger le génome intégré, les cellules ont développé des systèmes permettant de détecter leur présence et l'adn de signalisation des dommages - intérêts, la médiation leur réparation. Notre étude porte sur un patient nés de parents consanguins présentant une insuffisance médullaire précoce, les anomalies de développement (microcéphalie et longueur des télomères caractéristiques dimorphes) EBV-B fibroblastes et lignées cellulaires ont été peu sensible à la MMC, mais a montré une forte sensibilité à la phléomycine et IR, plaidant pour un défaut de réparation de l'adn dans ce patient. Cela a également été confirmé par la persistance de foyers 53BP1 après ça. L'ensemble des études et exome genome - wide association a révélé un séquençage exon 13 mutations homozygotes est hérité de l'adn codant pour la ERCC6l2 putatif du poids RAD26l hélicase. La forme de ERCC6l2 décrits dans les bases de données n'a pas compléter le phénotype cellulaire in vitro. Une analyse a révélé une alternative possible in silico isoforme de ERCC6l2 850aa contenant un complément 6 - exons codant la réalité qui était assuré par le clonage moléculaire. On appelle cette autre isoforme hebo. La sensibilité des cellules à hebo maintenant complété la phléomycine, validant ainsi les identifié la mutation. Les deux ercc6l2 courte et hebo est exprimée de façon ubiquiste, mais seulement hebo est localisée dans le noyau. Des expériences ont démontré que les micro - irradiation hebo est recruté pour des lésions de l'adn. Ni le ercc6l2 court, ni ce formulaire auquel était annexé un signal - localiser d'adn SV40 sna dommages dans ces expériences. Nous avons exploré davantage que le recrutement de hebo dépend de nbs 1
The main objective of every life form is to faithfully transmit genetic information to offspring as well as self-survival. Various endogenous and environmental agents constantly assault this process. To resist these threats and to protect the genome integrality, cells have evolved systems capable of detecting DNA damages, signaling their presence and mediating their repair. Our study focuses on a patient born from consanguineous parents presenting with early bone marrow failure (BMF), developmental anomalies (microcephaly and dimorphic features) but normal telomere length. Fibroblasts and EBV-B cell lines were slightly sensitive to MMC but showed a marked sensitivity to phleomycin and IR, arguing for a DNA repair defect in this patient. This was also confirmed by the persistence of 53BP1 foci following IR. Genome wide association studies and whole exome sequencing revealed an inherited homozygous nonsense mutation in exon 13 of ERCC6L2 coding for the putative DNA helicase Rad26L. Unexpectedly, the wt. form of ERCC6L2 described in the databases did not complement the cellular phenotype in vitro. An in silico analysis revealed a possible alternative isoform of ERCC6L2 containing additional 6 C-terminus exons encoding 850aa, the reality of which was ascertained by molecular cloning. We named this alternative isoform Hebo. The Hebo now complemented the cellular sensitivity to phleomycin, thus validating the identified mutation. Both ERCC6L2-short and Hebo are ubiquitously expressed, but only Hebo is localized into the nucleus. Micro irradiation experiments demonstrated that Hebo is recruited to DNA lesions. Neither the ERCC6L2-short, nor this form to which was appended an SV40 nls signal did localize to DNA damages in these experiments. We further explored that the recruitment of Hebo is dependent on NBS1 manner

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Polat, Berna. "Failure patterns of new ventures : a survival analysis and performance implications /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8739.

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Emenike, Obioma. "Business loan default in Nigerian commercial banks : from causes to remedies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97167.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A sound and favourable financial climate is necessary for any forward-looking economy to thrive. This, amongst others, includes the extent to which the commercial banks are able to discharge their intermediating role in the demand and supply of credit necessary to sustain commercial businesses. Indeed, in the last decade, the Nigerian banking industry has witnessed swings with the attendant effects on the business community. One of the downsides has been the incidence of loan default which led to many banks recording astronomical levels of bad loans in their 2008 financial reports. The drastic measures taken by the Central Bank of Nigeria of relieving eight CEOs of their jobs in September 2009 further highlights the import of this subject matter. This paper gives an overview of the concept of loan default in Nigerian commercial banks ranging from the causes to the remedies currently in place to checkmate it. A field survey on loan officers, credit analysts and credit risk managers in some select banks was carried out. The findings reveal that the banks have a rather cautious approach to lending with certain classes of loans classified. Causal factors leading to loan delinquencies categorised into environmental, bank specific and borrower specific factors were analysed to have contributed equally to causing loan default in Nigeria. Lastly, the regression results indicated that there was a significant relationship between measures adopted by the banks in the face of increa

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Dey, Jaya. "Studies of the Causes of Business Cycles, Their Estimation and Transmission." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276789010.

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Ek, Gabrielle, and Ciriak Eszter. "The high risk of failure in micro-enterprises : Reducing failure-risk by evolving the traditional business plan." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150029.

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Today’s economy of the European Union is statistically proven to be largely made up of startup enterprises. Startups, that has been and will be an essential part of the economy, be it present or future. However, it is a well-known fact that startup failure rates are quite high, both in the economy as a whole as well as the restaurant industry which is of focus in this paper. Therefore, there is a pressing need among both scholars and entrepreneurs to figure out how to reduce the micro-enterprise startup failure rates. It is why; this paper was written with the purpose of studying the components of a traditional business plan model, to look for gaps and parts that are worth developing more. Primary concern was to find out the necessary steps a startup must take in the business plan to better avoid financial failure in the pre-established startup period – which is over 42 months. Therefore the following research question was posed: “How can the components of the traditional business plan be adapted or complemented by contemporary research, and, entrepreneurs’ views and experiences in order to better avoid financial failure of a micro-enterprise start-up within the European restaurant industry?” In order to answer this question a qualitative study was done; contemporary research was reviewed and compared with primarily collected data which was gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews with managers and employees of restaurants. The abductive approach allowed the authors to “enrich” the established theories used. It was made clear that two prominent gaps were found in the traditional business plan models; networking and a red-thread strategy. The first gap, networking, includes the need to establish a “network identity” within the network that the startup operates in, and to plan how the network that the business operates in can be used, as well as clearly state what purposes and benefits it provides. The second gap, red-thread strategy, emphasizes the need of a strong overall focus on the desired goals and visions of the organization in order for it to better operate and function, and specifically, how it is to be implemented to permeate throughout daily operations. It is to make the operational inferences of the vision clear, and how the startup will ensure that the aim will stay the same through their day-to-day operations. To conclude, it was found that by allegedly filling up those two gaps by including them in detail in the business plan, the startup could have a bigger chance of avoiding financial failure within the startup period.

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Winter, Mervyn. "Investigation into project management failure within information technology systems projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20837.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Information technology systems are an integral part of many sectors of business and the application of information technology in new sectors of business is increasing continually. Businesses believe that by applying information technology systems in their business processes they will ultimately improve on the profits through increased operational efficiency, reduction of costs and improved ability to make informed decisions. However implementing an information technology system is usually a complex affair involving the technology supplier, client organisation and other stakeholders. The common method of implementing information technology systems is to set up a project in an attempt to manage the cross organisational and cross departmental issues as best as possible. Industry reports that the success of information technology project implementation is low. This study project has analysed 16 sources of literature pertaining to failures in information technology projects, in order to ascertain how the various authors define a project failure and whether project management failure is a major contributor to these failures. Also to examine areas within project management which are deemed to make the most significant contribution to project failure. The study concludes that most of the authors examined define project failure in terms of project management criteria, being cost, time and function (quality). Furthermore it concludes that project management failure is a significant factor in information technology project failure and that the facets of project management failure encountered with information systems implementation projects are not that different from other forms of projects. The main contributing factors being lack of executive support, lack of business case or user requirements, lack of project management expertise, lack of planning, lack of user involvement and changing requirements. The study recommends that organisations need to be aware of the cross functional and cross organisational requirements of information technology project management and that all levels of management in stakeholder organisations need to have the relevant knowledge and experience to deal with these requirements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inliglings legnologie slelsels inlegrale uil menigle besigheids seklore en die loepassing daarvan (ITS) in nuwe seklore voorldurend Besighede mel loepassing van ITS in hulle besigheids prosesse dil aanleiding sou gee 101 die graei doellreffenheid, die afname in bedryfskosle en ook verbelerde besluitneming . Die daarslelling van 'n ITS is gewoonlik 'n baie moeilike proses wal onder andere insluil die verskaller van legnologie, die klienlorganisasie asook ander deelnemers. Die algemene melode van implemenlering van ITS kan geskied deurmiddel van 'n projek in die poging om kruisorganisasie en kruisdeparlemenlele funksies/werkings Ie beharlig. Terugvoering van bedryf dui aan dal die implemenlerings sukses van inligling legnologie projekle eintiik baie laag is. Hierdie sludie hel in lolaal lileraluur mel belrekking 101 inliglings legnologie projekle, ontieed om sodoende Ie bepaal hoe verskeie skrywers 'n projek mislukking definieer en of die mislukking projek besluur enigsins 'n bydraende faklor kon wees. Asook die ondersoek van areas binne die beslek van projek besluur wal wei 'n noemenswaardige inwerking kon he 101 die mislukking van projekle. iv Opsemming Inligtings tegnologie stelsels (ITS) maak 'n integrale deel uit van menigte sektore toepassing sektore is voortdurend aan die groei. 8esighede glo met die toepassing prose sse dit tot greei van wins. Laasgenoemde as gevolg van verhoogde bedryfs doeltreffenheid, bedryfskoste verbeterde vermoens vir insiggewende besluitneming. daarstelling wat insluit verskaffer tegnologie, klientorganisasie metode implementering kruisdepartementele te behartig . dat implementerings in li gting tegnologie projekte studie het totaal 16 literatuur bronne, met betrekking tot die faal/mislukking van inligtings tegnologie projekte, te van bestuur faktor bestek bestuur wat tot projekte. As gevolg van die navorsing kom hierdie studie tot die slotsom dat skrywers projek-mislukking definieer in terme van projek bestuur kriteria wat 5005 volg lui; koste, tyd en funksie (gehalte). Verder is ook gese dat projek bestuur mislukking 'n groot bydraende faktor uitmaak aangaande inligtings tegnologie projek- mislukking en dat faseUe van projek bestuur mislukking gesien met inligtings stelsel implementering projekte, nie te vee I verskil van ander vorms van projekte nie. Die hoof bydraende faktore kan toegeskryf word aan die gebrek van uitvoerende bestuur ondersteuning, gebrek aan besigheids saak of verbruikers vereistes, gebrek aan projek bestuur kennis, gebrek aan beplanning, gebrek aan deelname van verbruikers asook die voortdurende verandering van vereistes. Hierdie studie beveel aan dat organisasies bewus moet raak van die kruiswerking/kruisfunksionering en kruisorganisie vereistes van inligtings tegnologie projek bestuur en dat aile bestuurs vlakke van deelnemende organisasies ook genoegsaam toepaslike kenn is en ondervinding moet he om sodoende die vereistes te behartig .

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Thompson, Alexandra Claire Marie. "Heart failure : re-evaluating causes and definitions and the value of routine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11776/.

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Objective: To differentiate the demographics and imaging characteristics of a heart failure population using a comprehensive echocardiographic protocol and routine CMR imaging, and to assess the clinical value of routine CMR in this population. Methods: A novel comprehensive diagnostic pathway for heart failure was prospectively applied to 319 new patients attending the Darlington and Bishop Auckland heart failure clinic between May 2013 and July 2014. All had a full clinical assessment and an initial basic clinical transthoracic echo performed. Those patients given a diagnosis of heart failure went on to have routine CMR imaging as well as a more detailed echo scan incorporating a variety of systolic and diastolic measurements. Retrospectively, a cohort of 116 patients with left ventricular systolic impairment, that had both CMR and invasive coronary angiography, were analysed to determine the ability of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR to predict prognostic coronary artery disease. Main results: 1. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) accounted for the cause of heart failure in 73% of cases whereas heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) accounted for only 14% of cases. 2. Incorporating CMR into the routine assessment of newly diagnosed heart failure patients changed the diagnosis in 22% of cases (14% of cases for those who had an echo performed on the same day). 3. CMR left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) averages 3.9% units higher than Simpson’s Biplane LVEF with echo. 4. Regional wall motion score (RWMS) equations were inferior to a Simpson’s Biplane assessment of LVEF by echo and cannot be advocated for routine clinical use. 5. The presence of subendocardial LGE on CMR demonstrated infarcts in 42% of those with HFREF, 20% of those with HFPEF, and 40% of those with heart failure with no major structural disease (HFNMSD). 6. The absence of subendocardial LGE excluded prognostic coronary disease in 100% of cases. 7. LGE in a non subendocardial distribution was prevalent in both the HFREF and HFPEF community with a greater average burden in the HFPEF group. 8. E/e’ and left atrial volume index (LAVI) were the most helpful echo measures for a positive diagnosis of HFPEF and could be measured in over 90% of cases. 9. Systolic dysfunction out with reduced ejection fraction is present in 76% of the HFPEF cohort. Conclusion: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is not the epidemic previous literature would have us believe. It is over-diagnosed in current practice due to lax definitions and inappropriately low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) cut-offs. CMR has a substantial impact on the diagnostic profile of the heart failure population. It revokes the diagnosis of HFREF to a greater extent than is accounted for by the temporal improvement in LVEF, even when taking into account method specific LVEF thresholds. CMR with LGE has additive value for identifying infarcts in a sizeable number of patients for whom there is no suspicion of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and raising the novel concept that ischaemia may account for symptoms in many of those with HFNMSD. It also demonstrates an impressive ability to exclude prognostic coronary disease. Additionally, LGE in a non subendocardial distribution establishes aetiology including myocarditis and sarcoidosis that would not be detected with echo alone. The diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not standardised and all current protocols are deficient. The cause and mechanism of this condition remains unclear and this study helped clarify the contribution of systolic versus diastolic dysfunction versus simply the presence of atrial fibrillation. Key diagnostic parameters were identified for routine clinical use and CMR LGE imaging demonstrating a greater average burden of non subendocardial LGE may support the postulated fibrotic infiltrative mechanism of pathology in this group.

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Nizam, Haitham. "Survival Strategies for Small Independent Full-Service Restaurants." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4162.

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Small businesses play a vital role in the modern economy. They represent the main catalyst for economic development. However, small businesses fail at a high rate, especially small independent restaurants. Around 25% of small independent restaurants fail within the first year of operation, and around 60% do not survive for more than 3 years. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore what strategies small independent full-service restaurant owners in the Al Rehab District, Cairo, Egypt implemented to sustain operations for more than 5 years. The restaurant viability model provided the conceptual framework for this study. The population of this study comprised of 14 owners of small independent full-service restaurant with less than 50 employees in the Al Rehab District, Cairo, Egypt, who sustained their businesses operations for more than 5 years. The data sources included semistructured interviews, restaurant review websites, and social media platforms. Based on methodological triangulation of the data sources, open coding, analyzing the data using qualitative data analysis software, and member checking, 5 themes emerged: restaurant infrastructure strategies, marketing strategies, operations strategies, management strategies, and emotive strategies. The potential implications for positive social change include increasing the success rate of small independent restaurant owners, which in return will create wealth for the owners, generate employment opportunities, increase the government tax revenues, and contribute to the growth of the Egyptian economy.

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Ma, Eason, Daniel Janson, and Nhu Quynh Le. "Small Business Failures : A study of the top-managers contribution to the failure." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1155.

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The economical importance and value of small businesses is today recognized by scholars as well as government institutes. The small business does not only contribute with a great amount of entrepreneurial activity and innovations but also as a significant tool in creating jobs. The statistics are however displaying a negative trend in the development of small businesses with over 350.000 – 400.000 business closures every year in UK. In Sweden 35,000 new enterprises entered the market in 2001 but only 62% were still active in 2004.

There are two major factors from which all other explanations are derived from when discussing why a company fails which is the external and internal factor. From the failure model created by Sharma and Mahajan and supported by other researchers, it is known that the problem initiating the failure may have been caused by uncontrollable factors. However the most significant factor behind a failure is derived from insufficient and ineffective management in the strategic process.

In order to understand how and most importantly why the top-managers decisions and actions contributes to a business failure the study focused on exploring the strategic process in numerous of failure cases of small businesses. This understanding is further strengthened by considering the limitations and resistances in the strategic process. There is also a link between the crisis management and strategic management which further provides with valuable insights of the process. Four different small businesses were therefore investigated in the report through an inductive and semi structured approach to explore the contexts of the failures in-depth. From the analysis of the empirical data collected from the top-managers and other employees, owners or managers evidence were collected to study the top-managers contribution to the failure.

The most significant contributing factor found in the business failures were the inefficient internal and external assessments. This was further found to be directly linked to the inadequate knowledge and experience possessed by the top-manager and his staff. Nepotism was also a factor that was found to be a very contributing source to the inadequate assessments. The managers staffed by the top-manager possessed a close relationship with the top-manager and may have been hired due to this reason and not based on the required knowledge which was proven to have a significant impact on all the studied cases.

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Kretz, Benjamin. "Sténoses carotidiennes athéromateuses : causes fondamentales et conséquences cliniques." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOMU04/document.

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Le traitement de référence des lésions sténosantes carotidiennes de haut grade est la chirurgie associée à un traitement médical. Nous avons mis en place depuis 2003 une base de données prospective colligeant l’ensemble des patients hospitalisés dans notre service pour prise en charge d’une lésion sténosante carotidienne d’indication chirurgicale. Depuis 2012, cette base de données cliniques s’est vue complétée par la mise en place d’une tissuthèque et d’une plasmathèque. Nous présentons ici la méthode de mise en place d’une telle base, puis les résultats de quatre études originales sur la thématique du « patient à risque » en chirurgie carotidienne, portant sur l’influence de la fonction rénale, du délai entre les symptômes et la chirurgie et du statut de l’artère carotide controlatérale sur les résultats de cette chirurgie, ainsi que la proposition d’un score pronostic d’intolérance au clampage carotidien. Nous avons montré que l’insuffisance rénale influait sur les résultats de la chirurgie carotidienne de manière différente en fonction de la méthode d’appréciation de la fonction rénale (créatinine plasmatique, clearance de la créatinine calculée selon Cockcroft-Gault ou selon la formule MDRD) ; que le statut hémodynamique de la carotide controlatérale influait sur le taux de shunt sans modifier la morbidité ; que la chirurgie précoce des sténoses carotidiennes symptomatiques n’était pas grevée d’une surmortalité ; et qu’il était possible dans une certaine mesure de prédire la nécessité de mise en place d’un shunt carotidien. Nous abordons enfin les projets à venir utilisant la collection biologique pour tenter d’identifier les plaques athéromateuses à risque
The treatment of high-grade carotid stenosis is surgery combined with best medical treatment. We established since 2003, a prospective database including all patients hospitalized in our vascular surgery department for management of carotid stenosis. Since 2012, the clinical database was completed for the establishment of a biological database. We present here the method of setting up such a database, and the results of four original studies on the theme of "high-risk patient" for carotid surgery: the influence of renal function, of the delay between symptoms and surgery and of the contralateral carotid artery on outcome and the proposal of a prognostic score of intolerance to carotid clamping. We have shown that renal failure influenced outcome of carotid surgery in different ways depending on the method of assessment of renal function (serum creatinine, creatinine clearance calculated by Cockcroft-Gault or MDRD formula) ; the hemodynamic status of the contralateral carotid affected the rate of shunt without changing morbidity; that early surgery for symptomatic carotid stenosis was not burdened with excess mortality; and that it is possible to predict the need for establishment of a carotid shunt. Finally, we discuss future projects using biological collection to try to identify atherosclerotic plaques at risk

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Liu, Chi-shing. "The bursting of Hong Kong property bubble in 1997 : causes and effects /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22359643.

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Lee, Junesoo. "Essays on failure management of nonprofit organizations." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633201.

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No matter how well an organization is managed, we face some inevitable failures such as deficient volunteers, excess demands for service, unstable grants, etc. Paradoxically however, successful organizations have been using their failures creatively. Beyond such successful use of failure, can benefits of failure be systematically described? What would be the generic ways to benefit from failure? In order to answer that question, three essays were written with the following details.

Essay 1 is an attempt to explore the ways to systematically describe benefits of failure in general management context. To make a preliminary conceptual framework of failure management, grounded theory and literature review were employed as the methods. As a result of analysis, sixteen propositions that represent the sixteen different ways to benefit from failure were identified.

Essay 2 and 3 are confirmatory studies to test the internal and external validity of the failure management framework especially in nonprofit contexts. As a first stage of such validation, Essay 2 used secondary data of nonprofit cases to test if nonprofits' failure management can be systematically described through the failure management framework. Essay 3 went one more step from Essay 2 to validate the failure management framework by using primary data on nonprofits' failure management.

By following the research procedure as above, it turned out that nonprofits' failure management can be systematically described by using the failure management framework. And the empirical analyses on nonprofits cases also revealed some significant patterns of how nonprofits use their failures and challenges. Finally this study concludes with the research questions that address some emerging patterns and underlying mechanisms of failure management behind the sixteen propositions of failure management.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Causes of business failure'

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