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Journal articles on the topic 'Causes of inflation'

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Published: 2 May 2022

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1

He, Liping, and Qianwen Liu. "Causes of Inflation in China: Inflation Expectations." China & World Economy 19, no. 3 (May 2011): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-124x.2011.01240.x.

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2

Hamsag, Ernest. "The Real Causes of Inflation." Current Research Journal of Economic Theory 7, no. 1 (May 20, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/crjet.7.2109.

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3

Bagus, Philipp, David Howden, and Amadeus Gabriel. "Causes and Consequences of Inflation." Business and Society Review 119, no. 4 (December 2014): 497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/basr.12043.

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4

Jaravel, Xavier. "Inflation Inequality: Measurement, Causes, and Policy Implications." Annual Review of Economics 13, no. 1 (August 5, 2021): 599–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-091520-082042.

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Does inflation vary across the income distribution? This article reviews the growing literature on inflation inequality, describing recent advances and opportunities for further research in four areas. First, new price index theory facilitates the study of inflation inequality. Second, new data show that inflation rates decline with household income in the United States. Accurate measurement requires granular price and expenditure data because of aggregation bias. Third, new evidence quantifies the impacts of innovation and trade on inflation inequality. Contrary to common wisdom, empirical estimates show that the direction of innovation is a significant driver of inflation inequality in the United States, whereas trade has similar price effects across the income distribution. Fourth, inflation inequality and non-homotheticities have important policy implications. They transform cost-benefit analysis, optimal taxation, the effectiveness of stabilization policies, and our understanding of secular macroeconomic trends—including structural change, the decline in the labor share and interest rates, and labor market polarization.
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5

Brukwicka, Irena, and Iwona Dudzik. "Causes and effects of inflation in Poland." VUZF Review 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.21.3.13.

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In the paper it is discussed the causes and effects of inflation in Poland. The paper analyzes inflation in recent years, including changes caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Undoubtedly, the spread of the coronavirus has contributed to the changes in the economy. Inflation is one of the main macroeconomic indicators that reflect the economic situation of a certain country. It occurs when the prices of goods and services in the market increase, so each subsequent year you can buy less for the same amount. Inflation occurs when the price increase is constant and persists over a specific period of time, then the purchasing power decreases (M. Gamrot, 2014). It is not a rule that the overall price index is influenced most by the products that have the greatest price appreciation. The pass-through to the inflation rate also depends on the share of a product's "weight" in conventional household consumption expenditures. CPI inflation in 2021 in Poland is influenced, to the greatest extent, by energy prices causing food prices increase and core economic inflation. The factors forming inflation, are the so-called, inflation expectations significantly influencing consumption or investment decisions. Measures taken in the economic policy, such as a significant loosening of monetary or fiscal policy contributed to the mitigation of the effects of COVID-19.
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6

Chowdhury, Faieza. "Grade Inflation: Causes, Consequences and Cure." Journal of Education and Learning 7, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v7n6p86.

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Academic institutions worldwide, from primary schools to universities, use grades or marks as a fundamental sorting and signaling mechanism for students. The grades awarded to students should be indicative of learning outcomes. However, do the grades awarded today accurately reflect student achievement in the classroom? Grade inflation has become a widespread phenomenon within the education system in the past thirty years, garnering massive condemnation among educators, researchers and the public. Some people even view grade inflation as a scandal, an injustice and a violation of student trust. Nevertheless, there are some academic institutions that find it convenient to ignore this problem and, in some cases, encourage the practice. In this paper, we examine the various factors that can contribute to grade inflation. Additionally, we assess how grade inflation can create problems for students, faculty, and society as a whole. Finally, we provide some suggestions and recommendations to solve the problems of grade inflation.
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7

Brazauskas, Vytaras, Bruce L. Jones, and Ričardas Zitikis. "When Inflation Causes No Increase in Claim Amounts." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2009 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/943926.

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It is well known that when (re)insurance coverages involve a deductible, the impact of inflation of loss amounts is distorted, and the changes in claims paid by the (re)insurer cannot be assumed to reflect the rate of inflation. A particularly interesting phenomenon occurs when losses follow a Pareto distribution. In this case, the observed loss amounts (those that exceed the deductible) are identically distributed from year to year even in the presence of inflation. Nevertheless, in this paper we succeed in estimating the inflation rate from the observations. We develop appropriate statistical inferential methods to quantify the inflation rate and illustrate them using simulated data. Our solution hinges on the recognition that the distribution of the number of observed losses changes from year to year depending on the inflation rate.
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8

Sharman, Stefanie J., Maryanne Garry, and Carl J. Beuke. "Imagination or Exposure Causes Imagination Inflation." American Journal of Psychology 117, no. 2 (2004): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4149020.

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9

Yunqi, Li. "China's Inflation: Causes, Effects, and Solutions." Asian Survey 29, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2644672.

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10

Yunqi, Li. "China's Inflation: Causes, Effects, and Solutions." Asian Survey 29, no. 7 (July 1989): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1989.29.7.01p02877.

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11

Ahmed, FARHAN, Farissa Ismail, and Muhammad Farooq Jan. "Nexus between Corruption and Macroeconomic Indicators in Lower Developing Countries." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i2.354.

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This study aims to investigate the impact of money supply growth rate, inflation and GDP growth rate, on corruption using the annual data from 2000-2016. The data was collected from World Bank for inflation, money supply, GDP and control of corruption (COC) index. The corruption perception index (COP) index was collected from Transparency International. The relationship between COP and inflation is found to be unidirectional hence COP granger causes inflation but inflation does not granger causes COP. This study revolves around Corruption and it is an important variable that is affecting inflation, and it has caused the need for improvising the fiscal and monetary policies which require an element of anti-corruption policies to combat corruption and inflation.
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12

Kruglov, S. I. "Rational nonlinear electrodynamics causes the inflation of the universe." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 26 (September 20, 2020): 2050168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20501687.

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The source of the universe inflation is electromagnetic fields obeying rational nonlinear electrodynamics proposed earlier. Within this model the singularities of the electric field at the center of charges, the Ricci scalar, the Ricci tensor squared and the Kretschmann scalar are absent. We consider the universe which is filled by stochastic magnetic fields. It is demonstrated that the inflation lasts approximately [Formula: see text] s with the reasonable [Formula: see text]-folding number [Formula: see text]. The inflation starts from de Sitter space–time and after the universe inflation end it decelerates approaching the radiation era.
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13

Roberds, William, and Graham Dawson. "Inflation and Unemployment: Causes, Consequences, and Cures." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 26, no. 4 (November 1994): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2077959.

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14

Wells, Graeme. "The Causes, Costs and Compensations of Inflation." Economic Record 86, no. 275 (November 23, 2010): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2010.00694.x.

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15

Cho, Adrian. "The Morning After, Inflation Result Causes Headaches." Science 344, no. 6179 (April 3, 2014): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.344.6179.19.

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16

Harvey, Simon K., and Matthew J. Cushing. "Separating Monetary and Structural Causes of Inflation." Journal of Finance and Economics 2, no. 3 (September 28, 2014): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12735/jfe.v2i3p16.

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17

Arnold, Ivo J. M., and Bastiaan A. Verhoef. "External causes of Euro zone inflation differentials." Intereconomics 39, no. 5 (September 2004): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03031783.

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18

Gadalla, Gasim Elfaki Ali. "Causes of Inflation in Sudan (2012-2021)." International Journal of Sudan Research 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 90–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.47556/j.ijsr.11.1.2021.3.

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19

JIRANYAKUL, Komain. "The Linkages between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Selected Asian Economies: Evidence from Quantile Regression." Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance 11, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jasf.v11.2(22).02.

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This paper examines inflation-inflation uncertainty nexus in both inflation targeting and non-inflation targeting economies in Asia. Using monthly data from 1979M1 to 2019M12, the AR(p)-EGARCH model is used to generate inflation uncertainty series. In addition, quantile regression is employed to examine the linkages between inflation and inflation uncertainty in nine Asian countries. The results show that inflation positively causes inflation uncertainty in all economies regardless of whether economies have implemented inflation targeting or not. The Friedman-Ball hypothesis is thus supported. In addition, inflation uncertainty positively causes inflation in most economies. Therefore, the Cukierman-Meltzer hypothesis is likely to be supported. The findings signal the possibility of the real cost of inflation for these economies.
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20

Tullio, G., and M. Ronci. "Brazilian Inflation from 1980 to 1993: Causes, Consequences and Dynamics." Journal of Latin American Studies 28, no. 3 (October 1996): 635–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023919.

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AbstractThis article focuses on Brazilian inflation: its causes, consequences and dynamics from 1980 to 1993. We argue that the main economic cause of the Brazilian inflation was the excessive growth of money, in turn caused by too high budget deficits. Oil and exchange rate shocks also played a role, together with the greater dependence of the Central Bank of Brazil on the government. We measure the degree of Central Bank independence by the variable ‘turnover’ of Central Bank governors defined as the number of months in office. The effect of this variable on inflation is found to be highly significant and positive.
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21

KHOKHYCH, Dmytro. "Inflation in China during the economic reforms of the 1980s: causes and effects." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.03.114.

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The article studies the development of inflationary processes in China in the period of 1979-1989, their causes and effects. In particular, based on the analysis of statistical data, it is established that inflation in China is manifested in price and non-price forms, and also has a pronounced directive nature. This means that even excessive public investment can cause inflation. Two ways of reforming the fixed price system are considered: 1) simultaneous weakening of all prices 2) gradual weakening of prices, their slow adjustment towards the market. The relationship between inflation and macroeconomic indicators, including capital investments, wages and economic growth rates, is given. The inflation transmission mechanism of excess demand in China manifests itself due to overinvestment of state-owned enterprises, which leads to budget deficits and surplus issuance of the Yuan and causes inflation. Three phases of the Chinese phenomenon of "money illusion" are considered: the illusion of strong money without inflationary expectations (1979-1984); weakening of money illusion with some inflationary expectations (1985-1986); the formation of expectations without money illusion (since 1988). The method of using inflation to regulate the distribution of income is analyzed.. With the reform, income distribution became more uneven. To some extent, this is a desirable outcome, but the intensification of the public sector reforms resulted in not just inequality but injustice. Thus, the problem to be solved immediately is whether China can use inflation to regulate income distribution. Statistics show that per capita consumption in China in the late 1980s was only 640 Yuan. The proposed reduction in inflationary pressures views monetary policy as regulating the money supply and curbing inflation. Setting an inflation target is considered an effective tool to achieve the planned inflation rates.
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22

Amani, Tatik, Yekti Rahajeng, and Hermanto Hermanto. "Potential Causes Of Poverty In The City Of Probolinggo." Wiga : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi 10, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30741/wiga.v10i2.598.

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Poverty is a situation where humans cannot achieve their basic requirements. This has become a standard problem experienced by every country. The research object aims to find the potential causes of poverty in the Probolinggo by examining the effect of the potential for education, unemployment, and inflation simultaneously, partially and dominantly, on poverty. The study used a quantitative method of causal relationships, 391 RTM respondents with cluster sampling technique sampling. The data analysis method used a validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and determination coefficient analysis. The conclusion from the hypothesis testing in this research is the variables of education, unemployment, and inflation have a significant and partial effect on poverty in Probolinggo City, while the most dominant potential effect on poverty is education. The result of the determination coefficient analysis is 71.9%. The causes of poverty in the city of Probolinggo are education, unemployment, and inflation. From the research results, the local government should continue to motivate and make people aware of the importance of education, improve skills as a means of overcoming unemployment, increase economic growth so the inflation can be suppressed, and the problem of poverty is resolved.
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23

José Veiga, Francisco. "What causes the failure of inflation stabilization plans?" Journal of International Money and Finance 18, no. 2 (February 1999): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5606(99)00004-2.

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24

Katira, Bhushan H., Doreen Engelberts, Gail Otulakowski, Regan E. Giesinger, Takeshi Yoshida, Martin Post, Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Kim A. Connelly, and Brian P. Kavanagh. "Abrupt Deflation after Sustained Inflation Causes Lung Injury." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 198, no. 9 (November 2018): 1165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201801-0178oc.

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25

Kamarpour, M., and O. Sobol. "Magnetogenesis in Natural Inflation Model." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 8 (September 7, 2018): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.8.673.

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We study the process of inflationary magnetogenesis in the natural single-field inflation model, whose parameters are chosen in accordance with the recent observations by the Planck collaboration [1]. The conformal invariance of the Maxwell action is broken by a kinetic coupling with the inflaton field by means of the coupling function as a power of the scale factor, I(ф) ∝ aa, and a < 0 is used in order to avoid the strong coupling problem. For such a, the electric component of the energy density dominates over the magnetic one and, for a <- −2.2, it causes a strong back-reaction, which can spoil inflation and terminate the enhancement of the magnetic field. It is found that the magnetic fields generated without back-reaction problem cannot exceed ∼10−20G at the present epoch, and their spectrum has a blue tilt.
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26

Luik, Mega Tria Rizki, and Ahlis Fatoni. "REVISITING ANALYSIS OF THE ROOT CAUSES ON FINANCIAL CRISIS IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 4, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v4i1.745.

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Steady financial system stability is important in an economy. The financial crisis showed a constantly recurring problem that has not been resolved completely. Macroprudential policy which became the term savior after the subprime mortgage crisis was essentially a temporary not eliminate the root causes of the problems of the financial crisis. This study attempts to revise the root causes of the financial crisis in the perspective of Islam by using three approaches namely Vector Error Correction Model (VECM ), Error Correction Model (ECM), and Distributed-Lag Autoregressive (ARDL). The result of this study that the consistence of ribâ (interest rate) variable as the main factor of crisis; ribâ increases the inflation and decreases the growth. The IRF (impluse response function) result and FEVD (forcast error varian decomposition) show 21.87% interest rate (INT) increases the inflation and decreases the growth by 9.5%, while profit-loss sharing (PLS) variable contributes to decreases the inflation by 0.02% and increases the growth by 0.61%, reciprocally with ECM approach that interest rate (INT) has positive effect to inflation and negative effect to growth (financial crisis) vice versa PLS sicnificantly has negative effect to inflation and positive effect to grwoth, whereas ARDL approach shows that PLS increases the grwoth at long and short run but also increases the inflation at long run. Another conventional variabels consistantly contribut to financial crisis acording to all aproachs; volatile food (VFP) and administred price (ADM).
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Dastgerdi, Hamidreza Ghorbani. "Inflation Theories and Inflation Persistence in Iran." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2020-0011.

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AbstractThis study focuses on: (1) finding the causes of inflation which follows the inflation theories such as Demand-Pull, Cost-Push and Structural inflation.(2) measuring the degree of inflation persistence in order to evaluate the ability of monetary policies to control inflation. Engle- Granger test and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag are applied to analyze the response of inflation to its determinants. The Grid bootstrap Method and Impulse Response Functions measure the inflation persistence. The results suggest that controlling the money supply is a key factor in controlling inflation. The appreciation of Rial exchange rate is an important factor of low inflation. It is increased as a result of Budget deficit while decreased due to oil price and real GDP. Inflation persistence follows the structural changes and finally permanent shocks die out after some horizons. Therefore, monetary authorities control inflation but their policies are yet far from optimal level.
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28

Doan Van, Dinh. "Money supply and inflation impact on economic growth." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 12, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-10-2018-0152.

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Purpose At present, countries are concerned about inflation and the impact of inflation on each country’s economic growth. This inflation has been said by economists that inflation is a phenomenon of currency and currency, which has caused inflation in some countries by their monetary policy. According to the economic theory of Karl Marx, Irving Fisher, Friedman, inflation is caused by a continuous increase in the money supply. Design/methodology/approach The economic theories of Fisher, Friedman and an econometric model are applied to analyse the relationship between money supply and inflation. Besides, Vietnam’s and China’s research data are also collected in the period of 2012-2016. Findings It is found out that the continuous increase in the money supply causes inflation in the long-term, but the continuous increase in the money supply growth does not cause inflation in a short time, this was analyzed based on the theory of monetary quantity. Moreover, Chia’s and Vietnam’s correlations of the money supply growth and inflation are 99.1 per cent. These correlations are very close. Originality/value Research results show that money supply and inflation are closely related, and the money supply directly affects economic growth. Therefore, the government should have the relevant monetary policy to grow the economy and proposals to make monetary policy, control inflation levels and stimulate economic growth.
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29

Kotcofana, Tatyana, Alexander Protasov, and Polina Stazhkova St. "INFLATION SPIRALS AND SELF-REPLICATION OF INFLATION." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 22, 2017): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.931.

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Inflation is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, whose formal sign is the depreciation of money. Most often it is expressed in the form of rising prices, although it also has other manifestations. The economic substance of this phenomenon lies in the area of public reproduction and the socio-economic relations about the distribution of public product and public wealth. In this article, the self-replicating nature of inflation is shown and genesis and evolution of inflationary process at all stages of public reproduction are analyzed. It is shown that each of the stages has the mechanisms capable of generating inflationary potential. The category of “inflationary spiral” is explained in more detail, because it cannot be presented only by a traditional “costs – prices” mechanism. Inflationary spirals can be observed at any stage of the reproduction process, making the task of managing inflation even more difficult. It causes the need for the complex accounting of all the variety of factors of the inflationary process and the inflation consequences in the formulation of an economic policy.
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30

Ilona, Semencha, and Kalashnikova Yuliya. "INFLATION PROCESSES IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS OF TODAY AND CAUSES." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 39 (October 9, 2020): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2020-39-17.

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31

Maitra, Biswajit, and Tafajul Hossain. "Inflation in India: causes and anti-inflationary policy perception." International Journal of Economic Policy Studies 14, no. 2 (March 6, 2020): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42495-020-00036-z.

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32

Njegovan, Nikola, and Mirela Tomaš Simin. "Inflation and Prices of Agricultural Products." Economic Themes 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0012.

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AbstractThe stability of business in an economy has always been the primary goal that is difficult to achieve, and inflation is most often used as its basic indicator. It is a signal of change in the general price level. The paper analyzes inflation and prices of agricultural and food products as a combined phenomenon, examines their causes and consequences in the Republic of Serbia. Particular importance is attached to the change in prices of agri-food products and the prices of inputs caused by the changes that are taking place at the global level, which are gaining increasing influence in the national context. The change in price parity and the influence of the world monopolistic structure on inflation are pointed out. It also points to the importance of demand, which causes inflation in less developed countries, and which results in higher food prices, additionally putting pressure on wage growth, which, as a rule, is not a consequence of productivity growth. The authors state that with the internationalization of business activities, there was a transfer of influence of international trends on the level and effects of inflation at the national level. Given the trends in the world market, it can be concluded that the prices of agri-food products will not decrease. However, they will - due to the pressure exerted by the constant growth of the population, i.e. on the demand side, demand inflation will constantly manifest.
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Danlami, Ibrahim Abdulhamid, Mohamad Helmi Hidthiir, and Sallahuddin Hassan. "Evidence of Inflation-Poverty Causality in Nigeria based on the Toda-Yamamoto Dynamic Causality Test." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i1.993.

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Purpose: One of the known global consequences of inflation is increasing and causing poverty. Most studies follow suit and empirically investigated the effect of inflation on poverty without taking into cognizance that poverty might as well cause inflation. The main aim of this study is to investigate the nature of causality between inflation and poverty in Nigeria. Methodology This research work employs the famous Toda-Yamamoto causality test to investigate the nature of causality between inflation and poverty in Nigeria for the period 1980-2016, with money supply and exchange rate as control variables. Findings: The results reveal that there is bidirectional causality between inflation and poverty, none of the variables cause money supply and none of them cause exchanges rate. Implication: Even though the money supply does not cause poverty directly, it does cause inflation, and inflation in turns causes poverty. Also, the exchange rate does not cause inflation directly, but it does cause poverty, and at the same time, poverty causes inflation. Therefore, the study calls the attention of the policymakers to be cautious in making policies concerning money supply and local currency devaluations (exchange rate) as they cause both inflation and poverty directly and indirectly, consequently, they affect the societal welfare in general.
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Raji, Rahman olanrewaju. "A Causal Relationship between Corporate Investment and Inflation: empirical investigation from WAMZ economy." Journal of Global Economy 11, no. 3 (September 27, 2015): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v11i3.399.

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      The paper examines causal relationship between corporate investment and inflation for four countries in West African Monetary Zone, using the Vector Error Correction model (VECM). The study discovered that there is co-integration between investment and inflation in the selected countries in WAMZ. This implies that a long run relationship between inflation and investment in the selected WAMZ nations. The results show that investment Granger causes inflation in Gambia, Ghana and Nigeria while inflation Granger causes investment in Sierra Leone but bi-directional relationship inflation and investment was not found in WAMZ.  However, the results show that there are needs to ensure reforms and policies that should be adopted and must become the utmost priority in the WAMZ economies for the monetary policy to be effective in influencing economic activities which in turn enhances investment in the zone.
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35

Purnomo, Didit. "KAUSALITAS SUKU BUNGA DOMESTIK DENGAN TINGKAT INFLASI DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 5, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v5i1.4031.

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This research discusses about the correlation pattern between inflation rate and interest rate, in other word this causality called inflation rate-interest rate causality. This research uses 1984-2001 data and we have conclude that interest rate have a significant effect to inflation rate. By using granger causality model, we could have a conclusion that the correlation pattern between interest rate and inflation rate in Indonesia is interest rate causes inflation.
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Wilson, Norbert. "Discussion: Causes of Agricultural and Food Price Inflation and Volatility." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 44, no. 3 (August 2012): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800000523.

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This discussion is a review and critique of the three papers in the 2012 Southern Agricultural Economics Association invited paper session titled Causes of Agricultural and Food Price Inflation and Volatility.
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Acquah-Sam, Emmanuel. "Influencers of Inflation in Ghana." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2017): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n7p140.

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The effects of inflation on the economic life of the citizenry of a country and the theoretical causes have led to numerous researches in the area. Annual inflation rates in Ghana since 1990 show a fluctuating trend depicting how unsuccessful various governments and policy-makers have battled with changes in the general price level. The theoretical and empirical literature on inflation seem to suggest that the causes of inflation are multifaceted, and time specific, as well as dependent on the level of development of a country. This paper attempts to explore some of major triggers of inflation Ghana for decision-making and implementation as well as adding to existing researches in the area. It uses multiple linear regression analysis based on structural equation modelling through path analysis. It concludes that interest rate, proxied by Treasury bill rates, is the only major variable that has a positive and significant effect on inflation in Ghana with regard to the time period studied. Factors such as GDP growth, market capitalisation, gross fixed investment, and foreign direct investments proved insignificant in influencing inflation in Ghana. This study lends support to the fact that inflation reacts positively to changes in interest rates, therefore, governments and policy-makers must consider it critical when pursuing propoor growth policies.
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Luszniewicz, Jacek. "Procesy inflacyjne w Polsce w latach 1945-1955 - przejawy, fazy, uwarunkowania, konsekwencje. Przyczynek do badań nad inflacją w PRL." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.2.5.

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The subject of this paper is inflation in Poland in the first decade after the Second World War and its goals include identification of causes, examples, phases and consequences of inflation in People’s Poland in that period. In socialist economy inflation was only in small part expressed by increase in prices and in large part in different examples of “bad” market (shortages, queues, rationing etc.). Therefore the analysis concentrtes on inflation understood as consumer surplus demand. Subsequent parts of the text analyse: theories on inflation sources and mechanisms in socialist economies and inflation in Poland between 1945–1949 and from 1950–1955. Our research showed that consumer surplus demand was almost permanent which allowed to consider inflation (although not in open form) a permanent feature of socialist economy in Poland. The results of research also confirmed the hypothesis on surplus investments in industry as fundamen‑ tal and cyclically returning cause of inflation that existed also in the so called pro‑consumption phases of economic policy. During limited investment expansion periods inflation was limited through severe and consequently executed deflation measures (such as in 1948 and 1949). During conversion to market production similar effect was achieved by blocking wage increase (1954–1955). Sporadic use and ineffectiveness of anti ‑inflation policy instruments was caused primarily by limits set by political and doctrinal principles.
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MOHD, SITI HAMIZAH, AHMAD ZUBAIDI BAHARUMSHAH, and STILIANOS FOUNTAS. "INFLATION, INFLATION UNCERTAINTY AND OUTPUT GROWTH: RECENT EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN-5 COUNTRIES." Singapore Economic Review 58, no. 04 (December 2013): 1350030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590813500306.

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This paper investigates the links between inflation, its uncertainty and economic growth in five ASEAN countries over the period 1980: Q1–2011: Q3. We rely on the Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model to explore the causal relationship among the three variables. The major findings are: (i) inflation uncertainty increases more in response to positive inflation surprises than to negative surprises in all countries; (ii) inflationary shocks affect positively inflation uncertainty as predicted by the Friedman–Ball hypothesis; (iii) there is no evidence to suggest that inflation uncertainty causes inflation and; (iv) there is evidence that inflation affects growth negatively, both directly and indirectly (via the inflation uncertainty channel). The indirect effect is clearly stronger as it applies in all countries in the sample.
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40

Alper, Emre, Niko Hobdari, and Ali Uppal. "Food Inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Causes and Policy Implications." IMF Working Papers 16, no. 247 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475563115.001.

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Yoshida, Takeshi, Maria Aparecida Miyuki Nakamura, Caio C. A. Morais, Marcelo B. P. Amato, and Brian P. Kavanagh. "Reverse Triggering Causes an Injurious Inflation Pattern during Mechanical Ventilation." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 198, no. 8 (October 15, 2018): 1096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201804-0649le.

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Osorio, Carolina, and D. Filiz Unsal. "Inflation Dynamics in Asia: Causes, Changes, and Spillovers from China." IMF Working Papers 11, no. 257 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781463923969.001.

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43

IRELAND, PETER N. "Changes in the Federal Reserve's Inflation Target: Causes and Consequences." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 39, no. 8 (December 2007): 1851–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4616.2007.00091.x.

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Osorio, Carolina, and D. Filiz Unsal. "Inflation dynamics in Asia: Causes, changes, and spillovers from China." Journal of Asian Economics 24 (February 2013): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2012.10.007.

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45

Sasongko, Gatot, and Andrian Dolfriandra Huruta. "The causality between inflation and unemployment: the Indonesian evidence." Business: Theory and Practice 20 (January 9, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2019.01.

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Two closely watched indicators of economic performance are inflation and unemployment. This study empirically analyzes the causality between inflation and unemployment in Indonesia during 1984 to 2017. The data were gathered from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Methodologically, this study employed the Granger Causality test and Vector Autoregression to determine the causality between inflation and unemployment. The results show that there is a one-way causality between inflation and unemployment. The findings imply that unemployment causes inflation, but not vice versa. Next inflation and unemployment are also closely related to other determining factors, such as season, household income, and the decisions to attend school or to perform the housekeeping.
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46

Silva Moreira, Tito Belchior, Michel Constantino, George Henrique de Moura Cunha, Paulo Roberto Pires de Sousa, and Luciano Balbino dos Santos. "The Business Cycle, Inflation, and Unemployment Rate Nexus: An Empirical Approach." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 10 (September 12, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n10p110.

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This paper revisits the main assumption regarding the original Phillips curve regarding the American economy, in which one assumes that the unemployment rate causes an inflation rate. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate if the variance of the inflation rate affects the unemployment rate and, besides, if there is a one-way causality from the variance of the inflation rate to the unemployment rate. Based on quarterly time series from 1959:04 to 2019:04 the empirical results show, via OLS and GMM methods, that the monetary policy affects the business cycle, and, in turn, the business cycle impacts the unemployment rate. Hence, the monetary policy affects indirectly the unemployment rate via the business cycle. On the other hand, the variance of the inflation rate contributes to an increase in the unemployment rate, consequently, there isn&rsquo;t a trade-off between the unemployment rate and the variance of the inflation rate. Moreover, there is a one-way causality from the variance of the inflation rate to the unemployment rate. This is the contribution of this paper. At last, based on the Phillips curve, one expects that the unemployment rate causes the inflation rate. However, the Granger causality tests display a two-way causality relation between both variables.
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Hasanah, Mauizhotul. "Pandemi Covid-19: Inflasi dan Pengangguran Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." ASY SYAR'IYYAH: JURNAL ILMU SYARI'AH DAN PERBANKAN ISLAM 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/asy.v6i1.1751.

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This study aims to analyze the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment based on an Islamic economic perspective. Inflation and unemployment are important indicators of economic performance and both are major problems that must be controlled immediately because they will have a wide impact on various things, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic conditions. Inflation and unemployment have a negative relationship, the lower the level of unemployment, the higher the inflation rate. One of the causes of inflation is the increased price of goods which results in an increase in production costs. Whereas in Islam the existence of costs is caused by the monopoly of goods or labor, but in an Islamic-based market it is not applied. Therefore Muslim entrepreneurs will not face high costs to meet excess wages because workers get wages that must match the earned productivity. Furthermore, the handling of unemployment affected by the Covid-19 pandemic can be done by maximizing the Islamic economic philanthropic scheme, namely zakat, infaq, shadaqah, and lending on a qardhul hasan basis.
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Menrad, Michael. "TARGET2 imbalances: causes, assessments and consequences." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(1).2020.11.

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This research aims to enrich the literature on the threatening topic of Target2 imbalances in the euro area. Using a quantitative time series analysis, the paper examines and discusses the development of Target2 imbalances and the interrelationships of the European Central Bank (ECB) activities through market intervention using quantitative easing. This paper outlines the scope of central bank activities in different Eurozone countries and examines how individual debtor and creditor countries, as well as central banks, will continue to operate. In this context it examines whether the ECB is working on a problem solution, and what are the risks posed by Target2 imbalances for the euro area, as well as whether the euro is volatile and how the Target2 imbalances will be managed if the euro breaks. This research highlights the ambiguity of central bank activities, explains the burdens and risks of Germany as the largest creditor, shows solutions through the communitization or the creation of Target3 to correct past mistakes and to prevent a further and more severe global crisis. Attention is drawn to the fact that Italy could put the Eurozone in a critical situation by introducing mini-BOTs (small government bonds; “titoli di Stato di piccolo taglio”) as the second currency. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the ECB has adjusted its price stability objectives to raise inflation expectations in the Eurozone, which is unlikely to satisfy Target2 demanding countries.
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Kozmenko, Serhiy, Taras Savchenko, and Alona Zakutniaia. "The impact of monetary policy transparency on inflation: the case of Ukraine." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 4 (December 9, 2016): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(4).2016.08.

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This study presents empirical evidence on the impact of monetary policy transparency on inflation. A lot of studies analyzed how monetary policy transparency is entangled with inflation level from a theoretical point of view and came to contradictory results (some studies argued that transparency leads to lower inflation, others concluded that transparency results in higher prices). But this study is different from prior studies. Firstly, it looks at investigated issue empirically. Secondly, it considers for other causes of inflation and employs a panel data set on central bank transparency. Thirdly this paper investigates the issue associated with transparency in Ukraine. The authors find that transparency significantly reduces inflation rates in developed countries, but it is positively associated with inflation in Ukraine. Keywords: central bank, monetary policy transparency, information disclosure, inflation. JEL Classification: E52, E58, E59
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Škare, Marinko, and Guglielmo Maria Caporale. "SHORT- AND LONG-RUN LINKAGES BETWEEN EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, INFLATION AND OUTPUT GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM A LARGE PANEL." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 20, no. 3 (October 3, 2014): 554–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2014.966349.

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This study examines the short- and long-run linkages between employment growth, inflation and output growth applying panel cointegration and causality tests to data for 119 countries over the period 1970–2010. We find evidence of positive Granger causality running from output growth to employment growth in the short run. Employment growth Granger causes output growth with a negative sign in the long run. Inflation Granger causes employment and output growth positively in the short run and negatively in the long run.
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