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Academic literature on the topic 'Causes of the back pain'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Causes of the back pain"

Tomasz, Karski. "Back Pain, Causes, Symptoms and Physiotherapy." Journal of Orthopaedics & Bone Disorders 3, no. 3 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000184.

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Every fourth woman and every sixth man in the world coming to the Orthopedic or Neurology Departments complain of spinal pains - information from WHO, D ecade of Bones and Joints 2000 - 2010 (Lars Lidgren). According to our observations there are six main causes of such spinal disorders: 1. Lumbar Hyperlordosis causes by flexion contracture of hips and in result anterior tilt of the pelvis. Common in persons with Minimal Brain Dysfunction (MBD). Pain syndromes appear after overstress in some kinds of jobs or in sport. 2. Lumbar or thoracic - lumbar left convex “C” scoliosis in 2nd/A etiopathological group (epg) or ”S” scoliosis in 2nd/B epg in Lublin classification. Pain syndromes appear after overstr ess in some kinds of jobs or in sport. 3. Stiffness of the spine as clinical sign of “I” scoliosis in 3rd epg group in Lublin classification. 4. Spondylolisth esis or spodylolisis in sacral - lumbar or lumbar spine. 5. Urgent “nucleus prolapsed” (in German “Hexen Sch uss”). 6. Extremely cooling of the back part of trunk during work or intensive walking in low temperature. In many of patients in clinical examination we see positive Laseguae test. Sometimes we see weakness of extensors of the feet or paresis of the foot. Our observations confirm that not surgery, but physiotherapy can be beneficial to the patients with spinal problems.

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Parfenov, V. A. "Causes of lower back pain." Russian neurological journal 24, no. 5 (January 15, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2019-24-5-14-20.

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Devor, Marshall, and Michael Tal. "What causes low back pain?" Pain 142, no. 1 (March 2009): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.01.002.

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Carroll, Pster G. "The causes of low back pain." Medical Journal of Australia 156, no. 8 (April 1992): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb121445.x.

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Quintner, John. "The causes of low back pain." Medical Journal of Australia 156, no. 9 (May 1992): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb121477.x.

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Walsh, K., N. Varnes, C. Osmond, R. Styles, and David Coggon. "Occupational causes of low-back pain." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 15, no. 1 (February 1989): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1891.

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Carroll, P. G. "The causes of low back pain." Medical Journal of Australia 157, no. 3 (August 1992): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137100.x.

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Bogduk, Nikolai. "The causes of low back pain." Medical Journal of Australia 157, no. 3 (August 1992): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137101.x.

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Bogduk, Nikolai. "The causes of low back pain." Medical Journal of Australia 156, no. 3 (February 1992): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb139696.x.

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Lloyd, Nicola. "Back pain: causes, symptoms and treatment." British Journal of Midwifery 7, no. 6 (June 1999): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1999.7.6.17166.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Causes of the back pain"

Steponavičienė, Ugnė. "STUDENTŲ NUGAROS SKAUSMŲ PRIEŽASTYS." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100903_083154-88272.

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Nugaros skausmais skundžiasi 75% pasaulio gyventojų. Ši problema tampa vis aktualesnė išsivysčiusiose šalyse, kuriose vyrauja sėdimas darbas. Sveikatos apsaugos ministerijos atliktais tyrimais, matome, kad vis daugiau jaunų žmonių skundžiasi jungiamojo audinio ir skeleto-raumenų sistemos ligomis, tačiau nėra aiškios patiriamo nugaros skausmo priežastys, nes jų yra labai daug: jos gali būti skirstomos į šešias grupes (stuburo patologija, pilvo organų ir onkologinės ligos, infekcijos, raumenų patempimai ir psichologinės priežastys) ir rizikos veiksnius, skatinančius stiprėti nugaros skausmus (viršsvoris, bloga laikysena, sėdimas ar sunkus fizinis darbas, stuburo traumos ir iškrypimai). Šio bakalauro darbo tyrimo objektas – studentų nugaros skausmo priežastys. Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti studentų nugaros skausmų priežastis. Buvo kelti šie uždaviniai: atskleisti nugaros skausmų teorinius aspektus; nustatyti studentų nugaros skausmo paplitimo tendencijas; išsiaiškinti dažniausias studentų patiriamo nugaros skausmo priežastis. Tyrimo metu naudoti metodai, kurių pagalba gauta ir apdorota informacija: mokslinės literatūros analizė; anketinė apklausa; matematinė – statistinė tyrimo duomenų analizė. Tyrimo dalyviai - Šiaulių Universiteto 1 – 4 kurso studentai. Tyrimo imtis – 100 respondentų. Anketine apklausa buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti studentų nugaros skausmų priežastis ir paplitimą. Tyrimo metu gauti duomenys parodė, kad studentai yra jautę nugaros skausmus įvairiu dažnumu: nuo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
About 75% of the world population suffer of the back pain. This problem becomes more acute in developed countries with predominantly sedentary work. We see from the studies of the Ministry of Health that more and more young people complain of connective tissue and skeletal-muscle disorder, but there is no clear cause of back pain experienced because they are very much: they can be divided into six groups (spinal pathology, abdominal and oncological diseases, infections, muscle tearing apart and psychological reasons) and the risk factors that contribute to strengthen the back pain (overweight, poor posture, sedentary or heavy physical work, spinal trauma and deformity). The subject of this study - students back pain causes. The aim of the research is to identify causes of the students back pain. The next tasks have been realized in the work: to reveal the theoretical aspects of back pain; to ascertain the spread tendencies of the students back pain back pain; to ascertain the most common causes of the students back pain. The methods of the research have been used: theoretical (analysis of the academic literature), empirical (the quantitative analysis), statistical. The participants of the study – students of the 1-4 year of the Siauliai University. 100 respondents were involved in the research. The survey showed that students felt the back pain at various intervals ranging from several times during his life standing up to the pain. The intensity varies from mild to... [to full text]

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Jamontaitė, Kristina. "14 – 18 METŲ RADVILIŠKIO MIESTO MOKSLEIVIŲ NUGAROS SKAUSMŲ PRIEŽASTYS." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100902_233355-76888.

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Bakalauro darbe analizuojamos 14 – 18 metų moksleivių nugaros skausmų priežastys. Iškelta hipotezė: tikėtina, kad nugaros skausmų priežastys gali būti: 1) mažai judrus gyvenimo būdas (pamokos mokykloje, darbas kompiuteriu, ilgas televizoriaus žiūrėjimas, ilgalaikis buvimas vienoje padėtyje), 2) ilgalaikės netaisyklingos padėtys (netaisyklingas sėdėjimas, stovėjimas, svorių kėlimas, perkėlimas, nešimas), 3) dažnai atliekami nesaugūs pratimai. Tyrime buvo panaudota pusiau uždaro tipo anketa. Ją sudarė: demografinis blokas (duomenys apie tyriamuosius) – lytis, amžius, mokykla, klasė; 2) klausimų blokas, skirtas išsiaiškinti ar tiriamieji skundžiasi nugaros skausmais, 3) klausimų blokas, atskleisti nugaros skausmų pasireiškimo priežastis. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti 14 – 18 metų moksleivių nugaros skausmų priežastis. Tyrime dalyvavo 114 IX – XII klasių moksleiviai (nuo 14 iki 18 metų amžiaus), iš dviejų Radviliškio miesto gimnazijų. Atlikus tyrimą paaiškėjo, kad 54% 14 – 18 metų moksleivių skundžiasi nugaros skausmais. Tyrimo hipotezė pasitvirtino, kad nugaros skausmus šiame amžiuje gali sukelti: 1) Nepakankamas mokinių fizinis aktyvumas (69% mokinių renkasi pasyvias laisvalaikio praleidimo formas ir prie kompiuterio praleidžia daugiau nei 2 h per dieną). 2) Netaisyklingos padėtys sėdint bei keliant, perkeliant ir nešant daiktus (tik trečdalis moksleivių pasirinko taisyklingas padėtis). 3) Populiarūs diskutuotini (nesaugūs) pratimai (tik trečdalis moksleivių jų visiškai neatlieka)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This bachelor theses analyses the causes of the back pain of the secondary school students of the age 14 to 18. The hypotheses: it is likely that the causes of the back pain might be: 1) sedentary lifestyle (lessons at school, working on the computer, TV viewing, permanent staying in one position), 2) permanent wrong posture (wrong sitting, standing, weight lifting, movement, bearing), 3) frequent unsafe exercises. The semi-open questionaires were used during the research. The questionaires consisted of: demographic block (exploratory data) – sex, age, school, class; 2) questions block designed in order to explore whether persons under investigation have any complains about the back pain, 3) questions block designed in order to explore the causes of the back pain. The aim of the research is to determine the causes of the back pain of the students of age 14 to 18. 114 students (aged 14 to 18) from the 9-12 classes of the two Radviliškis city gymnasiums participated in the research. The study has shown that 54 per cent of all students aged 14 to 18 has ailments about the back pain. The hypothesis of the research was approved that the back pain of this age may be influenced by: 1) Low levels of physical activity (69 per cent of students prefer passive leisure activites and spends more than two hours using the computer). 2) Wrong positions while sitting, lifting, moving and bearing things (only one-third of the students selected appropriate position). 3) Popular negotiable... [to full text]

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King, Jenny C. "The first ever episode of non-specific low back pain : advancing knowledge of lay definitions, causal theories and attributions." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11062.

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Low back pain is a major health and socio-economic problem in Western countries. It is important therefore to learn more about its cause for prevention. To date, research has focused upon identifying risk factors that play a role in recurrent episodes of low back pain to further knowledge for secondary prevention. It can be argued however that it is more important to prevent the very first episode of low back pain from occurring by learning about the primary causative mechanisms. The aim of this thesis therefore is to advance theories about the possible causes of the first ever episode of low back pain for primary prevention. The qualitative, in-depth interview study presented in this thesis approaches the study of the first ever episode of low back pain, its antecedents and causal attributions from the perspective of subtle realism. Thirty participants presenting to NHS hospital physiotherapy and medical outpatient clinics were recruited for interview. The interview data were transcribed verbatim, and the data managed and analysed using Framework, a method developed by the National Centre for Social Research. The study’s findings advance knowledge about the possible role of psychological distress involving loss, anger, low mood and social withdrawal, and ‘pushing worries to the back of the mind’ in the genesis of non-specific symptoms including low back pain. If confirmed by further research, preventive strategies may need to address the perception that low back pain is not a stress-related condition and gender differences in the conceptualisation of stress. An area for new research is a perceived disposition to physical activity since childhood and a lifestyle described as active before the first ever episode of low back pain. Lay definitions of ‘real’ low back pain may assist the design of this research.

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Loubser, Leigh-Anne. "Anatomical study of superior cluneal nerve and its estimation of prevalence as a cause of lower back pain in a South African population." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65834.

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Background Lower back pain (LBP) remains a common ailment among adult populations and a superior cluneal nerve (SCN) entrapment accounts for 10% of reported LBP cases. The diagnostic criteria of SCN entrapment include anaesthesia of the SCN. This entrapment can be caused by bone procurement procedures but tends to happen more spontaneously and particularly to sportsmen. This study aimed to describe the location of all three branches of the SCN as well as to estimate the prevalence of entrapment which causes LBP. Methods The SCN was identified as it pierced the thoracolumbar fascia and crossed over the posterior part of the iliac crest on both sides of 50 adult cadavers. A sliding dial calliper was used to measure the distance from the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) to the SCN and from the midline lumbar spinous processes to the nerve. A total of 400 patient files were used to estimate the prevalence of SCN entrapment in a South African population. Results The branches of the SCN were found to be 72.6 ± 4.2 mm, 76.6 ± 4.4 mm and 79.6 ± 4.4 mm from the PSIS to the medial, intermediate and lateral branches respectively. From the midline to the medial, intermediate and lateral branches – the SCN was found to be 77.9 ± 4.2 mm, 79.6 ± 4.4 mm and 89.5 ± 4.5 mm. It was estimated that the SCN being the cause of LBP to be 28%. Discussion The measurements found in this study correlate with the measurements found in previous studies. However, this study failed to show sex differences and this could be attributed to sampling as well as chance due to human variation. This study estimated the prevalence of an SCN entrapment as a cause of LBP to be 28% compared to previous studies which estimate it to be 10%. The difference seen here can be a consequence of the limitation of this study in that it was conducted in a private practice.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Anatomy
MSc
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Man, Mei-fun, and 文美芬. "A survey of the incidence and causal factors related to occupational back pain in operating theatre nurses in a general acute hospital inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45011667.

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Man, Mei-fun. "A survey of the incidence and causal factors related to occupational back pain in operating theatre nurses in a general acute hospital in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31384663.

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Candy, Elizabeth A. "Adolescent back pain." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492968.

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Gallais, Lenka. "Low back pain and risk factors for low back pain in car drivers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/64568/.

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The cause of low back pain in populations of professional drivers is uncertain. A literature review revealed factors that seem to be associated with low back pain (e.g. physical factors: exposure to whole body-vibration, prolonged sitting posture, frequent lifting, pushing and pulling, lack of physical fitness; psychosocial factors: job satisfaction or stress; individual factors: age, gender, anthropometrics, tobacco, alcohol consumption, etc.). This thesis investigates the occurrence of back pain in professional car drivers – a group found to be not focussed upon in previous epidemiological studies. The thesis seeks to advance understanding of response relationships between risk factors and low back pain in populations of car drivers (209 taxi drivers and 365 police drivers) and 485 non-drivers. A longitudinal study with cross-sectional baseline combined with field measurement of driving in selected vehicles was performed to investigate the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems (mainly low back pain) and the relationship between risk factors and low back pain experienced for at least one day during the past 12 months in the two populations of professional drivers (taxi drivers and police drivers) and professional non-drivers. The cross-sectional baseline of the longitudinal study revealed that 45% (38.3-51.7%) of taxi drivers, 53% (48-58.6%)of police drivers and 46% (41-50.1%) of police non-drivers reported low back pain for at least one day during the past 12-months (p = 0.09). The prevalence of low back pain in the non-driving population of police employees fell within prevalence range reported by professional car drivers in this study and in previous epidemiological studies. The cross-sectional study revealed risk factors associated with the prevalence of low back pain (i.e., stature, previous physical demands, increased psychosomatic distress, daily and cumulative driving in taxi drivers; age, lifting, bending, increase psychosomatic distress in police drivers; stature, bending, increased psychosomatic distress in police non-drivers). Measurements of whole-body vibration in selected taxi and police vehicles revealed frequencyweighted accelerations in the dominant vibration direction (i.e., z-axis) to be 0.47 ms-2 r.m.s. in taxi vehicles and 0.58 ms-2 r.m.s. in police vehicles. A study of cumulative exposure to whole-body vibration in a group of taxi drivers pointed to a possible overestimation of their self-estimated duration of vibration exposure by 31% on average. The longitudinal study revealed a lower incidence of low back pain in taxi drivers than in both police drivers and police non-drivers (p = 0.02). The difference might be attributed to a different approach to low back pain in taxi drivers who lose income if unable to work. An alternative explanation for increased low back pain among police employees could be that taxi drivers with low back pain leave their profession and were excluded from the follow-up study – a healthy worker effect. The longitudinal study revealed that increased psychosomatic distress was a risk factor associated with the development of new episodes of low back pain in all three of the studied populations (i.e. taxi drivers and police drivers and non-drivers). In police drivers, increased daily duration of driving was a risk factor for the development of low back pain. Although the results point to increased incidence of low back pain with increasing duration of daily driving, non-drivers were at a similar risk of developing of low back pain. Plausible explanations for this finding include ergonomic factors that were present for both the drivers and the non-drivers (e.g., the duration of sitting or duration in a constrained posture) and the presence of other risk factors not investigated in the study but associated with increased incidence of low back pain in non-drivers.

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Beurskens, Anna Johanna Helena Maria. "Low back pain and traction." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1996. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6687.

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Spahr, Nicolas Marc. "Characterisation of low back pain." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/characterisation-of-low-back-pain(cf75eeb8-b47e-40ef-88c7-9da58921ca72).html.

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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) causes ongoing pain, disability and psychological suffering, at a huge personal and socio-economic cost. CLBP is a heterogeneous condition and its mechanisms are poorly understood. Characterisation and classification of low back pain (LBP) is controversial, there is disagreement on the characterisation and diagnosis of neuropathic low back pain (NuLBP) in relation to mechanical LBP (MLBP). Diagnostic uncertainty is coupled with poor clinical outcomes for treatment. There is therefore an urgent need to develop more effective assessment strategies to identify and better differentiate NuLBP from MLBP in order to facilitate a better understanding of underlying mechanisms and more successful treatments. The primary aim of this study was to establish clinical profiles of CLBP, in particular, differences between MLBP and NuLBP using Questionnairebased behavioural evaluation and sensory testing, structural neuroimaging (voxel based morphometry) and functional neuroimaging (arterial spin labelling). Significant differences were identified between CLBP patients and healthy controls and between NuLBP and MLBP patients in multiple behavioural domains measuring pain, function and psychological well-being. Significant differences were demonstrated in CLBP patients compared to controls in both tactile threshold discrimination and two-point discrimination and between NuLBP and MLBP in tactile threshold discrimination. Functional and structural neuroimaging showed significant differences between all groups in widespread brain regions involved in the evaluation of decision making and planning, mood and emotion, modulation of pain and representation of body schema. This study has demonstrated the ability to characterise CLBP using a battery of behavioural, examination and functional and structural neuroimaging methodologies and has been able to differentiate between CLBP patients and controls and importantly, between NuLBP and MLBP patients. This work demonstrates the impact of CLBP across sensory-discriminative, affectivemotivational and cognitive-evaluative dimensions of the pain experience and shows the increased impact and burden on those who suffer with NuLBP compared to MLBP.

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Books on the topic "Causes of the back pain"

Wells, N. E. J. Back pain. London: Office of Health Economics, 1985.

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Paterson, John K., and Loïc Burn, eds. Back Pain. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2165-8.

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1967-, Brook Suzanne, and Daniel Clare 1966-, eds. Back pain. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Norfolk, Donald. Conquering back pain. London: Cassell/Javelin, 1988.

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Fine, Judylaine. Conquering back pain. New York: Prentice Hall Press, 1987.

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Association, American Physical Therapy. Low back pain. Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association, 1998.

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Association, British Medical, ed. Understanding back pain. Poole, Dorset: Family Doctor Publications in association with the British Medical Association, 2009.

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Conquering back pain. Poole: Blandford Press, 1986.

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Sarno, John E. Healing Back Pain. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2001.

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Lynch, Robert P. Back pain breakthrough. Tulsa, Okla: Cock-A-Hoop Pub., 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Causes of the back pain"

Tilscher, H., and M. Hanna. "The causes of poor results of surgery in low back pain." In Back Pain, 144–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2165-8_17.

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Van Hal, Michael. "Surgical Causes of Back Pain." In Pain Management for Clinicians, 715–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39982-5_24.

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Manfrè, Luigi. "Causes of Chronic Low Back Pain." In Radiofrequency Treatments on the Spine, 19–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41462-1_3.

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Li, Charles H., Victor W. Chang, Irene Wu, and Daniel C. Lu. "Groin Pain Etiology: Spine and Back Causes." In The SAGES Manual of Groin Pain, 103–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21587-7_9.

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Gottheil, Stephanie, Kimberly Lam, David Salonen, and Lori Albert. "Medical Causes of Back Pain: Rheumatologist’s Perspective." In Handbook of Spine Technology, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33037-2_132-1.

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Gottheil, Stephanie, Kimberly Lam, David Salonen, and Lori Albert. "Medical Causes of Back Pain: The Rheumatologist’s Perspective." In Handbook of Spine Technology, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33037-2_132-2.

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Gottheil, Stephanie, Kimberly Lam, David Salonen, and Lori Albert. "Medical Causes of Back Pain: The Rheumatologist’s Perspective." In Handbook of Spine Technology, 93–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44424-6_132.

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Cooper, Grant. "Lower Back Pain: An Overview of the Most Common Causes." In Non-Operative Treatment of the Lumbar Spine, 11–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21443-6_2.

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Nemeth, Blaise A. "Medical and Non-surgical Conditions That Can Cause or Contribute to Back Pain in a Child or Adolescent." In Back Pain in the Young Child and Adolescent, 33–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50758-9_3.

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Svarrer, F. B. "Low Back Pain Caused by Occupational Lifting — Workmen’s Compensation in Denmark." In Berufsbedingte Erkrankungen der Lendenwirbelsäule, 252–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72235-6_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Causes of the back pain"

Magh, A., C. A. Verdick, and C. Castaneda. "Brucellosis an Uncommon Cause of Lower Back Pain." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7500.

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Pedaprolu, Krishna, Satyam Rajput, and Sharmila Nageswaran. "Design Implementation and Analysis of a Universal Lumbosacral Support Device to Prevent Low Back Pain in Motorized Two-Wheeler Riders." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3442.

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According to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a division of National Institutes of Health (NIH), about 80% adults suffer from low back pain at some point in time and about 2 out of 10 people who are affected by acute low back pain develop chronic low back pain with persistent symptoms at one year [1]. Though in some cases, treatment does relieve chronic low back pain, but in other cases, pain persists despite treatment. Mostly, the lower back pain is of mechanical nature, i.e., disruption in the way the components of the back (the spine, muscle, intervertebral discs, and nerves) fit together and move. The causes of lower back pain can be imputed to various conditions such as sprains and strains, osteoarthritis, herniated discs, whiplash, compression fracture, scoliosis, stenosis, inflammation of joints, osteoporosis. It not only causes pain, but also severs the economy of a nation. It is a major contributor to missed workdays [1]. Research indicates that the total indirect costs due to back pain accrue to more than $100 billion annually [2]. Not many people can afford traveling by car or taxi to office, especially in developing countries and in cities with high traffic, where people prefer to travel by two-wheelers for their access to work and other amenities. However, people with lumbar problems are recommended not to use two-wheelers as the movement of the body on uneven roads or while braking/accelerating may increase the pain and discomfort. This reduces the productivity of not only the individual and the firm but also the productivity of the country as a whole.

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Nagel, Tina M., Ramesh Raghupathy, Arin M. Ellingson, David J. Nuckley, and Victor H. Barocas. "A Non-Linear Model to Describe the Material Properties of Single Lamellae in the Human Annulus Fibrosus." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53848.

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Roughly three out of four people experience low back pain [1]. Causes are generally unknown, but low back pain is often attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration. To understand low back pain better, much research has focused on a fundamental understanding of the disc. Physiologically analogous material properties may support improved modeling and understanding of disease progression. Unfortunately, to date, few material property data have been collected in a realistic environment.

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TANDAIPAN JAIME, Jose Luis, Mireia Castillo Vilella, Laura Berbel Arcobe, Georgina Salvador Alarcon, Nuria Gimenez Gomez, Lluis Moga Donadeu, Josep Royo Serrando, Elena Riera Alonso, and Silvia Martinez Pardo. "THU0500 PELVIC CONGESTION SYNDROME, UNCOMMON CAUSE OF LOW BACK PAIN." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.5373.

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Govin, Deven, Luis Saenz, Grigoria Athanasaki, Laura Snyder, and Panagiotis Polygerinos. "Design and Development of a Soft Robotic Back Orthosis." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6806.

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Chronic back pain is a disorder which affects a large portion of the American population at some time during their lifespan. There are many causes for lower back pain and usually can be an indicator of a serious medical condition. This problem plagues the nation and the world leading to an estimated annual cost for back pain treatment amounts to $50 billion. This problem isn’t isolated to just the United States either, the world at large suffers from back pain and unfortunately modern treatment methods are effective but the technology simply hasn’t progressed in decades. The main drawback appears to be the rigidity of the device, which limits flexibility and comfort. The soft pneumatic actuators of this newfound device have the potential to provide the appropriate applications chronic back pain suffers and post-surgery patients. In this work, the design and development of a soft robotic back orthotic device that has the capability to relieve back pain by assisting patients to fully achieve the upright position and stabilize the lumbosacral spine, is presented. The soft robotic actuators of this device allow the support to be disabled when the patient is in a supported position. Unlike conventional robotic assistive devices, this pneumatically actuated back orthosis provides dynamic support while being lightweight, comfortable, and cost affordable. After testing the device in a laboratory environment, the data overall displays a trend decreasing in EMG activity of the Erector Spinae muscles. This reduced activity leads to a reduction in strain on the patient.

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Deva, Anshuj, Sharmila Nageswaran, and S. Vidhya. "Assistive Device for Patients Having Spondylitis and Spondylosis." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3428.

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Spondylitis is a very common back and neck ailment that is reported to account for one-third of social problems causing difficulty at work. It is caused due to the inflammation in vertebral joints. Its condition goes undetected until the symptoms, such as that of severe pain, develops. It causes stinging pain which is focused around cervical region of vertebra, the shoulders and the lumbar region of the spine. Accordingly, it is classified into three types: cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spondylosis. This is different from spondylitis which causes pain due to inflammation. Many existing devices use electric current to bring relief from pain. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is one of the most commonly used devices in this aspect. However, though this has been able to bring effective results to its patients, there is a whole lot of controversy in conditions it should be used to treat. Studies have shown these devices to bring relief by suppressing the signals from the brain. They are not advised for patients with pacemakers or any kind of electronically powered implantable devices. They are less effective where the skin is numb or in places where there is decreased sensation. It depends entirely on the working of the nerve beneath the surface and may cause irritation on the skin if the current is too high. Moreover, these devices need to be avoided in area where infection is present. High precaution needs to be taken when working with epilepsy patients and pregnant women; the electrical stimulation can interfere with the fetus development. With such a wide range of drawbacks, there is a need for a mechanical solution which can redress these problems and provide an effective and ergonomic solution. Along with overcoming the present barriers, research has been done to demonstrate the positive effects of vibration in increase of bone density, increase of muscle mass, increase of blood circulation, reduced back pain, reduced joint pain and boost in metabolism. The given paper discusses a device wherein vibrational motors have been incorporated, under the control of a microcontroller, to generate the requisite g-force needed for the purpose of pain alleviation and increase of bone density.

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Harwood, Sydney, and Parisa Saboori. "Zimmer Frame Use and Back Strain Analysis Using a Finite Element Model." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23468.

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Abstract The current walking frame used by the elderly has several design issues that can cause long term health problems. One of these problems is the development of chronic pain in the lower back. The design of the current walking frame promotes a slumping posture that causes a curvature in the spine. This curvature results in a large strain in the lower back muscles, specifically the erector spinae. The goal of this research was to design a new walking frame that would be more structurally sound and more practical to use than the present walking frame design. In this study, two literature searches were performed. The first was to explore how aging effects the ability to walk. The second involved studying all of the existing walking devices and analyzing their design strengths and weaknesses. As a result of these studies, three new preliminary walking frame designs were considered that promoted better posture when used, and provided more support than does the present walking frame design. These new designs were considered and tested using a finite element analysis (FEA). From this FEA, it was determined that the new walking frame design resulted in less stress in the lower back than does the present walking frame design. It was therefore concluded that the new model has the potential to decease chronic back pain.

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Akbar, Muh Syaiful, Bhisma Murti, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Dono Indarto. "Length of Working and Low Back Pain in Health Workers: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.51.

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ABSTRACT Background: Low back pain is the result of an injury, such as muscle sprains or strains due to sudden movements or poor body mechanics while lifting heavy objects. Low back pain can also be the result of certain diseases. There are various physical and psychosocial risk factors that cause LBP in nurses. This study was to examine length of working anfdlow back pain health workers. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted by collected published articles toward length of working and low back pain in health workers. The articled were obtained from Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scolar, and Springer Link databases. Keywords used to search the related articles including “risk factor, low back pain, medical person, health workers, cross Sectional”. Full text articles with cross-sectional study design were analyzed using PRISMA guidelines and Review Manager 5.4. Results: Length of working 6 hours per day increased the risk of low back pain in health workers, but it was statistically non-significant (aOR= 1.53; 95% CI= 0.71 to 3.29; p= 0.280). Conclusion: Length of working 6 hours per day increases the risk of low back pain in health workers. Keywords: length of working, low back pain, meta-analysis Correspondence: Muh. Syaiful Akbar. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email:asyaifulop@gmail.com. Mobile: 082325070569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.51

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Kode, S., M. Gudipally, T. Takigawa, A. A. Espinoza Orías, R. Natarajan, H. S. An, G. B. J. Andersson, S. L. Griffith, and N. Inoue. "Effect of Anulus Fibrosus Repair on Lumbar Spine Biomechanics." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205806.

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Low back pain is sometimes related to, but not necessarily caused by, anulus fibrosus (AF) ruptures. Studies on low back pain have estimated an annual incidence of 5% and prevalence of 15% to 20% in United States alone [1]. Disc degeneration with or without herniation is frequently implicated in low back pain and sciatica, and is believed to be associated with segmental instability of the spine [2].

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Gladović, Neven, Luka Leško, and Martina Fudurić. "Effectiveness of manual yumeiho therapy and exercise on depression and neuropathic pain in patients suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-27.

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Introduction: Chronic low back pain is the leading cause of disability, which reduces quality of life and increases the healthcare costs. Psychosocial factors (depression, kinesiophobia and somatization) may also have an important role in the appearance and duration of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Depression may predispose low back pain, while the chronicity of pain affects the degree of disability, which is also related to mental health. Many studies suggest the association between depression and low back pain by explaining a significant physiological link. Different types of manual therapy are used in the treatment of chronic low back pain, but recent studies suggest that a rehabilitation models which combine manual therapy and exercise, provide better results compared to individual (separate) applications. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of the rehabilitation program, which in-cludes manual yumeiho therapy and exercise, on depression in people suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methods: The study included 21 participants, aged 40 to 60 (M=51.1, SD=5.9) who suffer from chronic nonspecific low back pain. The study included the initial and final depression test and the initial and final neuropathic pain test. Between the initial and the final testing, a three-week therapeutic procedure of yumeiho manual therapy and exercise was performed (15 treatments). Repeated estimates of depression and neuropathic pain were tested 30 and 60 days after the implementation of the rehabilitation protocol. Results: Statistically significant improvements were noted between the initial and the final test in both observed variables. Significant improvements (lower depression and neuropathic pain) have also been noted 30 and 60 days after the implementation of the rehabilitation pro-tocol (in relation to the initial state). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the rehabilitation protocol, involving manual yumeiho therapy and exercise, is an effective method for treating depression and neuropathic pain in people suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain. Considering the lack of research on the effects of manual therapy by yumeiho technique, the results contribute to a better under-standing of technique which, although used in practice, has not been suficiently explored. Further research is required, on comparing this rehabilitation model to other methods, as well as longer follow-up in the post-rehabilitation period.

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Reports on the topic "Causes of the back pain"

Loomis, T. A., J. A. Hodgdon, L. Hervig, and W. K. Prusacyzk. Neck and Back Pain in E-2C HAWKEYE Aircrew. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389467.

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Wu, Boyu, Lei Yang, Chengwei Fu, Gonghui Jian, Yue Zhuo, and Hui Xiong. Acupuncture for Acute Low Back Pain: A Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0025.

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Delitto, Anthony, Charity G. Patterson, Joel M. Stevans, Gerard P. Brennan, Stephen T. Wegener, David C. Morrisette, Jason M. Beneciuk, Steven Z. George, and Robert B. Saper. Comparing Ways to Treat Low Back Pain and Prevent Chronic Pain and Disability -- The TARGET Trial. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/05.2021.pcs.140210867.

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Lucas, Jacqueline, Eric Connor, and Jonaki Bose. Back, Lower Limb, and Upper Limb Pain Among U.S. Adults, 2019. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:107894.

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This report provides national estimates of any pain regardless of body region as well as estimates of back, upper limb (hips, knees, or feet) pain in the past 3 months among U.S. adults aged 18 and over by selected sociodemographic characteristics.

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Huang, Jin-Feng. What is the best management for low back pain? Evidence mapping of recommendations on diagnosis and management for low back pain: an international review of 15 guidelines. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.4.0104.

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George, Steven Z., John D. Childs, Deydre S. Teyhen, Samuel S. Wu, and Michael E. Robinson. Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada487610.

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Rhon, Daniel, Julie Fritz, Joshua Cleland, and Deydre Teyhen. Treatment-Based Classification versus Usual Care for Management of Low Back Pain. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612923.

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George, Steven Z., John D. Childs, Deydre S. Teyhen, Sanuel S. Wu, Alison Wright, Jessica Dugan, and Michael E. Robinson. Prevention Of Low Back Pain In The Military: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada540513.

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Milushev, Emil, Svetlozar Haralanov, Evelina Haralanova, Sava Ognianov, and Ivan Milanov. Novel Approach for Objective Quantification of Locomotor Disturbaces in Low Back Pain. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.07.18.

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George, Steven Z. Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada508792.

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